Chapter 14 5. Jianguo No. Jin, "Seven Great Hate" swearing-in

After nearly twenty years of fighting, Nurhachi gradually unified most of the Jurchen.With the unification of the Jurchen tribes, his ambitions have grown, and he has gradually changed from a vassal state of the Ming Dynasty to a powerful force capable of confronting the Ming Dynasty.After growing stronger, Nurhachi stopped paying tribute to the Ming Dynasty in the thirty-sixth year of Wanli (1608).On the first day of the Lunar New Year in the forty-fourth year of Wanli (1616), the establishment of the "Dajin" regime was announced. The 58-year-old Nurhachi is the Dajin Khan. At that time, the tribe headed by Yehe repeatedly sent envoys to warn Nurhachi of the serious consequences of creating gold, saying that this was clearly a provocation to the Ming Dynasty, and that he would leave the official position of the Ming court and establish himself as king. In this way, Jurchen became a orphan.The major tribes, including other Jurchen tribes, Mongolia, North Korea and other places, will take the opportunity to attack. It is better to give up self-reliance as soon as possible and return to the imperial court's umbrella.

Nurhachi was furious, and immediately refuted the envoy: "I am a dignified Jurchen, when did I do something wrong to the Ming court, but we have been repeatedly attacked by them, is this a protection for my Jurchen department? It is like a 'protective umbrella' The next killing!" The envoy went back and told Ye He. Ye He was very anxious and hurriedly passed the news to the Ming court.The Ming court also immediately sent envoys to persuade Nurhachi, but the envoys sent by the Ming army also heard the same reply as Yehe's army.Nurhachi replied: "There are many accounts between us that have not been settled. You go back and tell the Ming army, so that he can take precautions."

Although Nurhachi was not surrounded by fierce generals like clouds and counselors like rain like the Ming army, there were also five generals including E Yidu and Fei Yingdong, and civil servants included Erdeni, Dahai, Fan Wencheng and others.Although there are not many civil and military personnel, they are all proficient in various military techniques.At this time, Nurhachi set up four Baylors, five ministers, ten Zarguqis and eight Gushan Ezhens.Regarding the "Four Baylors", Nurhaci also made it particularly strict to inherit the traditional education of his grandfather Jue Chang'an's generations of brothers uniting as one, discussing with each other, fighting against enemies together, and defending together.

Nurhaci appointed his second son, Daishan, to be Dabeile, his nephew Amin to be Erbeile, his fifth son, Mang Gurtai, to be Sanbeile, and his eighth son, Huang Taiji, to be Sibeile.Letting Amin be Erbaile actually wanted to tell all the clansmen that the Dajin Kingdom belonged to everyone, not that Nurhachi won it all by himself. The five ministers are five powerful generals including E Yidu and Fei Yingdong.These five generals directly governed Zarguqi.The military organization was different from the numbers of the Ming Dynasty army, but chose the method of banners, with one banner as a large unit. It used to be four banners, but later it was added to eight banners because of the need for military strength.Each flag has a flag chief, called Gushan Ezhen, Gushan is the flag, and Ezhen is long.

Hou Jin's deployment with great fanfare made Ye He's troops feel like they were sitting on pins and needles. Ye He begged the Ming court to send troops to destroy them when the Manchu army was not yet full-fledged.At this time, the peasant uprising in the Ming Dynasty was surging and out of control.Some people suggested that the emperor should calm down the domestic turmoil first, and put aside these matters on the border first.As soon as Emperor Ming heard this, he immediately wrote back to Ye He and said, you should think of a way for yourself first.When Ye He received the reply letter, he felt a great chill in his heart.Ye He's tribe is just a puppet of the Ming court. Now that they are in such a situation, they have nothing to do. They can only hope that the reinforcements from the Ming Dynasty will eradicate the internal troubles earlier and send troops to help them.At this time, the Dajin Dynasty has gradually grown, recruiting troops and buying horses wantonly, stocking up with rations, and preparing for the attack.

Nurhachi was also very nervous when he heard the news that Ye He was in a hurry to Ming Ting.But after thinking about it, the Ming Dynasty is not peaceful now. Due to the continuous uprisings, most of the court's troops are devoted to suppressing the rebels.The Ming army who stayed behind did not dare to dispatch them privately to attack the peripheral forces.Considering this, Nurhachi settled down, and immediately began to prepare the next plan. He summoned the civil and military ministers to the front of the hall and said: "Now I have established the title of Jin, which means that I have completely got rid of the control of the Ming Dynasty. This is only temporary. One day, the Ming court will send a large army to invade me. Manchuria, so I decided to take defensive measures first, or take advantage of the chaos in the Ming court and attack there. What do you guys think?"

Erdeni said: "Yehe and other ministries have only meager strength left now. We don't have to worry. Our only strong enemy is the Ming Dynasty. The strength of the two armies is very different. If we fight at this time, it will not do us any good. It was destroyed by the Ming. I think that since it is necessary to fight sooner or later, it is better to strike first, but it is always necessary to be famous." Erdeni's words were very bold, and all the important officials present were sweating for him.Unexpectedly, Nurhachi laughed and said: "Aiqing's words just hit my heart. Where there is decline, there will be rise. Since the Ming Dynasty is facing decline, it is still so rampant that it makes people miserable. How can we sit idly by!" After a pause, he continued: "A vassal state will always be a slave. If you want to stand up, you have to do something earth-shattering. My department was originally loyal to the Ming Dynasty and worshiped every year, but it fell into this This is unfair to us. So I decided to overthrow the incompetent Ming court, what do you think?"

"There must be a reason to send troops, and it makes no sense to attack the Ming Dynasty without a reason." A minister said. Nurhachi took the opportunity to ask: "Then why do you think there are reasons for attacking the Ming Dynasty, you might as well list them one by one." Erdeni said: "The old account between Da Khan's grandfather Jue Chang'an and his father Takshi, I'm afraid Da Khan has already remembered it in his heart. Nikan Wailan colluded with the Ming army to kill them, and Jue Chang'an and his father However, Tu Keshi pays tribute to the imperial court every year and is dedicated to his duties, how to calculate this account?"

Dahai also said at this time: "The Ming army on both sides of the Qing River invaded our territory almost every year to plunder and kill indiscriminately. We obeyed the covenant between the two countries and hunted and killed Han people who crossed the Han border, but they framed us for killing innocent people and detained them How should we settle the account for killing our Manchus and forcing us to kill our own people in exchange for those hostages?" "Also, although the Ming army has repeatedly provoked troubles, we can tolerate it and want to reconcile with them, draw a boundary and erect a monument, and make an oath of non-interference. But they don't care about these at all, still go their own way, and cross the border Aiding Ye He and other ministries, and contending with my full army, how should this account be calculated?"

"The Ming Dynasty forced us to return the captive Hada, but Ye He snatched it away. This account..." "Okay... okay..." Nurhachi waved his hand and said, "I'm afraid the debt owed by the Ming Dynasty will never be paid off. I thought about it carefully just now, and we really can't just sit and wait like this." In fact, Nurhachi had already planned it in his heart, and asked the ministers to list them one by one in order to get their approval. Now that the predetermined purpose has been achieved, he feels more at ease, as if he had taken a reassurance.

In April of the third year of Mandate of Heaven (1618), Nurhachi held an oath ceremony.The sun was setting on the western mountain, and the afterglow left by the setting sun shone on all the soldiers on the training ground, emitting a dim golden yellow.The evening wind blew on the flag inlaid with gold letters, making a "snap" sound. Nurhachi stood on the commanding platform majesticly, with a big knife in his hand, and looked majestically at the soldiers in the audience.Suddenly, he shouted to the soldiers: "You are warriors who are good at fighting. You have gone through countless battles. Although you have won and lost, but now we are the winners!" A flag said: "Gold is the hardest and most precious substance in the world. I take it as the title of the country to prove that our Dajin is invincible and invincible!" All the soldiers in the audience cheered deafeningly. After the voices calmed down, Nurhachi announced the planned "seven major hatreds".He said: "My grandfather never once did anything to harm the Ming Dynasty, but the Ming army provoked and killed my father and grandfather for no reason. This happened many years ago, but I still can't forget that what the Ming army did, At that time, I had already lost my confidence. Even so, I always hoped that I had too much heart. Although they provoked troubles, I still wanted to reconcile with the Ming Dynasty. Do not invade each other. However, the Ming army put aside the covenant and continued to do what they did. They crossed the border and sent troops to aid Yehe. In accordance with the covenant between the two countries, I killed the Ming army who crossed the border to make trouble, but the Ming Dynasty accused me of indiscriminately killing innocent people, took eleven people including our envoy Gangji as hostages, and forced me to kill ten people in exchange; Betrothed to my son Daishan, but because of the support of the Ming army, Ye He remarried his niece to Mongolia. But the residents of the three places were not allowed to plant and harvest here, and sent troops to expel them; I followed the will of heaven to conquer Yehe, but Ming listened to Yehe's words and sent envoys to insult and abuse me; the Ming Dynasty forced me to return the captured Hada , and was snatched by Ye He..." After Nurhachi finished speaking, the officers and soldiers in the audience let out a burst of angry cries, and the deafening cries could also be heard in other tribes far away. After more than two years of preparation, Nurhachi finally accused the Ming court of disrespecting the boundary between the Han area and Jianzhou with the "seven major hatreds" and sent troops to support the Yehe tribe in resisting Nurhachi's unification.After taking the oath, Nurhachi led 20,000 troops and set off to the west in a mighty manner, and began the process of fighting against the Zhu Ming Dynasty in a real sense. The "seven great hatreds" were just an excuse for Nurhachi to attack the Ming Dynasty. After the Houjin power gradually grew, Nurhachi actually felt a sense of crisis.The Ming Dynasty will not let Houjin grow up all the time. If Nurhachi does not strike first, the Ming Dynasty will also find an opportunity to attack Houjin.Therefore, he adopted the method of dividing the boundary with the Ming Dynasty and attacking first.He used the "seven great hatreds" to attack the Ming Dynasty, so that he was justified.