Chapter 31 The golden man happens to be Tude

There is an old saying: "Flowers bloom within the wall, and fragrance outside the wall." Although the Five Virtues gradually received a certain cold reception in the Han Dynasty, but the East was not bright and the West was bright, it was favored by the barbarians—the barbarians wanted to pretend to be educated, to pretend to be Chinese orthodoxy, so it is really convenient to use this set of flashy and gibberish theories to paint and paint. We have talked about Khitan Liao before, let’s talk about Xixia next.Xixia is a country established by the Dangxiang clan in the early Song Dynasty. The ancestor of the king was originally named Tuoba (whether it is true or not, but basically it has nothing to do with the Tuoba family in the Northern Wei Dynasty), and was later given the surname Li by the Tang Dynasty. The surname is Zhao, and when it came to Yuan Hao, he simply became self-reliant, and a new national surname was given, called "Wei Ming".Like Khitan Liao, the so-called "Xixia" is what later generations called them; the so-called "Great Xia" is the Chinese name they pretended to be the root of China when they dealt with the Central Plains dynasty; when they called themselves, they used "Dabai Gaoguo" or "Dabaishanguo".

So is Xixia virtuous?There are also.At that time, there were actually four countries on the land of China, Khitan and Liao in the north, Northern Song in the center, Dabaigao in the northwest, Dali in the southwest, and Tubo tribes on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau in the west, but they were not considered a complete country.Except for Dali, all the other three countries have virtue.In fact, it can be guessed from the name "Dabai Gaoguo". White is the color of gold, so Xixia is Jinde and Shangbai.Interestingly, hundreds of years ago, the powerful Daxia had a very close ruling center and the same name as Xixia, and even had exactly the same virtues. Did Xixia learn from them?This is really hard to say.

After talking about Xixia, let's talk about the Jin Dynasty established by the Jurchen tribe.The Jurchens live between the white mountains and the black waters. Unlike the Khitan people, they are not nomads, but fishermen and hunters. They once surrendered to the Khitan Liao. Later, seeing that the Khitan regime was becoming more and more corrupt, the leader Wanyan Aguda simply raised the banner to rebel.In the middle and late period of the Khitan Liao Dynasty, Jurchen was also called Nuzhi. Why is it called Nuzhi?It turned out that there was an emperor in Khitan Liao named Yelu Zongzhen, what happened to him when he heard it, a tribe even dared to call it "Zhen".So the "eight" under the word "Zhen" for Jurchen was deleted, and the name was changed to Nuzhi.

It is said that when the Jurchen tribe first raised their troops, they were really trembling and frightened. They were afraid that they would not be able to defeat the Khitan Liao's million-strong army, and they hurriedly sent people to join the Song Dynasty, discussing a north-south attack.Who would have thought that the Khitan regime was really rotten at that time. In the battle of Hubu Dagang, the Jurchen's 20,000 horses actually defeated the Khitan's 700,000 troops.Immediately, the Jurchen army marched forward in great strides, and quickly wiped out the Khitan Liao, and by the way, the Northern Song Dynasty as well.Song Kangwang Zhao Gou fled all the way south, and finally gained a firm foothold in today's Shangqiu for the time being, and established the Southern Song Dynasty.

The Jin Dynasty established by the Jurchens basically took over a large area of ​​Han land in the Yellow River Basin almost in a blink of an eye, and they did not implement the two-part system of Khitan and Liao, so the speed of Sinicization was super fast.When the Liao Dynasty was destroyed, Wanyan Aguda was already very old. Most of the soldiers who led the troops in the front line were his sons and nephews. These young men all had Chinese names. What Wanyan Zongwang, Wanyan Zonghan, Wanyan Zongbi——everyone who has heard storytelling knows that the first Jurchen prince is Nianhan, and the fourth prince is Wushu. This is his real name. In fact, Nianhan is Wanyan Zonghan, and Wushu is Wanyan Zongbi.

Not only the clan generals, but even the emperors were given Chinese names—the first Taizu Wanyan Aguda was also called Wanyan Min, the second Taizong Wanyan Wu Qimai was also called Wanyan Sheng, and the third Taizong Wanyan Heshi was also called Wanyan Heshi. Wanyan Quan, the fourth Hailing King Wanyan Di Gunai is also called Wanyan Liang, and the fifth generation Shizong Wanyan Wulu is also called Wanyan Yong... Both Wanyan Liang and Wanyan Yong are super Sinicized elements, writing poems and compositions , It’s no different from the Han scholar-officials, especially Wan Yanliang also moved the capital from Huining Mansion in Shangjing to Xijin Mansion in Yanjing, which is today’s Beijing, officially staying in the Han area instead of the Jurchen’s hometown in the Northeast.So things like the five virtues, even if a few ancestors can't think of doing it, these two will definitely do it.

At the end of the third year of Dading (AD 1163), Jin Shizong Wanyanyong held the "December Sacrifice", that is, hunting in the twelfth lunar month, and performing sacrifices to dedicate the prey to the ancestors. He officially issued an edict on this, and determined the virtue to be Jinde .Two years later, he went to Changbai Mountain to seal the mountain to worship his ancestors, and it was clearly stated in the booklet: "Quewei Changbai, carry me Jinde." This cannot be taken for granted.There is no necessary connection between the name of the Jin Dynasty "Jin" and the establishment of Jinde.As mentioned earlier, the Khitan people came from the Liaoshui River, so the Chinese country name is "Liao", and the Jurchen people are the same, because the hometown "pressing out of the tiger water" means "Jin Shui" in the Jurchen language, so the country name is named "gold".Another unreliable theory is that Wanyan Aguda thought that Khitan means iron, but although iron is hard, it will always rust, and it is not as immortal as gold, so it is named "gold". up.

Therefore, the founding of the Jurchen nation was called the Kingdom of Jin, which had nothing to do with the theory of the five virtues. At that time, they had just found out from the deep mountains and old forests to rebel against the Khitan and Liao. It is estimated that no one knew what the five virtues were, let alone Shengke.It is estimated that after many years, their Huahua Jiangshan in the Central Plains has also stabilized, and a large number of Han literati have also become officials. Finally, someone remembered the five virtues and went to ask Wan Yanyong for morality.Wan Yanyong thought about it, our country is called Jin, and he likes to wear white clothes, so don’t ask, this is God’s foretelling that it should be Jinde, okay, let’s just decide, it’s so simple and saves trouble.

The golden virtues of the Jin Dynasty were just as the name suggests, fabricated out of thin air, and could not be inserted into the cycle of five virtues.Think about it, if you count from the Khitan Liao, the Liao is the virtue of water, water grows wood, and earth restrains water; if you count from the Northern Song Dynasty, the Song is the virtue of fire, fire breeds soil, water restrains fire, and gold is nothing. So in the era of Jin Zhangzong Wan Yanjing, the officials of the Jin Dynasty broke out a big debate on the virtues of this dynasty, and it was more lively than any previous round-it's strange, it seems that every time the issue of virtue is discussed The most lively are the minority regimes. For example, the last time in the Northern Wei Dynasty was extremely noisy.

In this great debate, the main factions are divided into three: one faction advocates inheriting the fire virtue of the Song Dynasty, fire gave birth to earth, we must be earth virtue; The reason is very simple. Liao and Jin came from the north, so they are considered a family; there is another faction that is the most unrestrained, and it is straightforward to suggest that we don’t even want the Northern Song Dynasty and the Five Dynasties, and our Dajin directly inherits the Tude of the Tang Dynasty. , for Kinder.In fact, this third faction can be said to be unrestrained or conservative, which means that we should not change our morality, we just need to find a more suitable reason.Ever since, this pole has been jumped for more than 200 years-fortunately, it has not broken Wang Bo's world record of more than 390 years. After all, they are barbarians.

Regarding these three opinions, Jin Zhangzong considered them all on the surface, and it is up to you to explain the reasons separately, but in fact, you already have your own ideas in your heart.He supported the first opinion, allowing the Jin Dynasty to inherit Song De and change De to soil.According to expert analysis, this Jin Zhangzong has been Sinicized quite deeply, and he is a "big pineapple" of "Kazhong"--yellow skin and even yellower inside.So I feel that only the Northern Song Dynasty can be regarded as orthodox, it is a real Chinese dynasty, and we must inherit virtue from him. So in the second year of Taihe (AD 1202), Jin Zhangzong finally issued an edict, officially announcing that virtue should be changed to Tude.From now on, we will no longer wear white coats, but yellow vests instead. But only ten years later, when Jin Xuanzong arrived, someone suddenly sparked a new debate-the Jin Dynasty monarch and ministers thought they were addicted to meetings and meetings-this time the letter was written by Wanyan Hainu, the deputy envoy of Liaodong Xuanfu .It is said that a Han official named Wang Hui under Wanyan Hainu told him that the ancestor of the Jin Dynasty was the Gaoxin family, the ancient sage, who was a descendant of the Yellow Emperor. He also said that when the dynasty first rose, the flags were all red. , so Wanyan Hainu asked Jin Xuanzong, should we respect Huode? For such trivial matters, Jin Xuanzong was still very democratic. He called all the ministers and asked everyone to discuss and comment on this proposal.Then another Han minister, Zhang Xingxin, stood up and explained to Jin Xuanzong helplessly: "Your Majesty, I have lost my temper because of this group of uneducated trash. According to the "Records of the First Ancestor", my Dajin is Came from Koryo, with the same word for 'high' as ​​Gao Xinguang, so they can't be beaten. Besides, even if Dajin is from the Gaoxin family, Gaoxin is Emperor Ku, and according to the five elements, it is wood virtue, how can it be Could it be the virtue of fire? Thinking back then, the Taizu named the country 'Gold' because Wanyan's clan favored whiteness and the stable nature of gold, which has nothing to do with virtue. It was only in Zhang Zong's time that it was agreed to be a soil. That Wang Wei has neither knowledge nor character, so we'd better not talk to him." From these two debates, we can see how enthusiastic the Jin people are about the five virtues.