Chapter 9 Chapter 6 The Ancient Assimilation of Foreign Races

The Chinese nation is known all over the world for its great assimilation power. What is our assimilation of alien races all about?Speaking of this point, we have to focus on China's geography.East Asia, in the world, is a cultural region in its own right.In this area, the Yellow River and Yangtze River basins are its cultural centers.To the north is the Mongolian plateau, which is convenient for nomadic people to live in.To the south, the Yuejiang River and the Minjiang River basin have rugged terrain and a hot climate. Although civilization was very early, progress was relatively late.The Yellow River and the Yangtze River are not without mountains, but their downstream includes the Huai River Basin (in terms of ancient geography, the area between the river and the river includes the Huai River and the Ji River. The current downstream of the Yellow River is the ancient Ji River. The way into the sea, the Yellow River enters the sea in Tianjin today), expanding into a large plain with fertile land and a suitable climate. This is where the culture of the Chinese nation originated.The Han nationality was a farming nation very early and used to live on flat land.The ethnic groups he met can be divided into two types in terms of the places where they live: one is living in mountainous areas, called Shanrong in ancient times, and most of them seem to be farming, but their agriculture is not as advanced as China’s .One is living on flat land, roughly on the vast grasslands, and is engaged in animal husbandry. The ancients called them cavaliers.Before the Spring and Autumn Period, most of the people our family encountered were mountain Rong. After the Warring States Period, we began to come into contact with cavalry bandits.

Yi, Man, Rong, and Di are terms based on location and do not represent ethnic groups, but it can also be seen as a general idea.In ancient times, it seemed that Rong and Di fought more fiercely with the Chinese nation.According to "Historical Records: The Book of the Five Emperors", the Yellow Emperor chased the porridge in the north.In the early years of the Zhou Dynasty, they fought fiercely with the so-called 獯粥 or 猃狁, the dog rong or Kunyi, and Chuanyi (猃狁 is also called 狁, dog rong is also called 畎rong, and rong is also called Yi. The characters “dog” or “畎” are transliterated, not derogatory words for slander. Kunyi can also be called Hunyi, Yiyi, Yi can also be called Rong, and Chuanyi are also different translations of the word “dog”. "), and later the Zhou Dynasty died in Quan Rong.Quanrong is located in the central part of Shaanxi today, the eastern part of Gansu, between the Jing and Wei river basins. After the Eastern Zhou Dynasty, it was probably gradually conquered by the Qin people.In the east, as recorded in "Spring and Autumn", it was called Di at first, and then divided into Chidi and Baidi.Baidi spread eastward to Zhongshan in the territory of today's Shaanxi.Chidi is in present-day Shanxi and Hebei, most of which were merged by the Jin Dynasty (according to "Zuo Zhuan" and Du Yu's "Notes", there are six types of Chidi: it is called the Dongshan Gaoluo clan, which is in Xiyang County, Shanxi today. For example, in today’s Leping County, Shanxi. It is called Lu’s, in today’s Lucheng County, Shanxi. It is called Jia, in today’s Jize County, Hebei. It is called Liuyu, in today’s Tunliu County, Shanxi. It is called Duochen, in today’s Changzhi County, Shanxi There are three types of Baidi: Xianyu, Zhongshan during the Warring States period. Fei, in present-day Gaocheng County, Hebei. Said Drum, in present-day Jin County, Hebei. Also, Lu Xiang of the State of Jin and Qin said, "Baidi and Jun Tongzhou", then Baidi is also in Shaanxi).In the west of the Zhou Dynasty, the main ones were the Di and Qiang of later generations.The Di people live in the Jialing River Basin, which is called Ba in ancient times.The Qiang people lived in the present-day Yellow River and Datong River Basin (Datong River, ancient Huangshui) during the Han Dynasty.According to the "Book of the Later Han Dynasty", it was originally in the east of the Yellow River, and was later repelled by the Qin people before fleeing to the west of the Yellow River.According to "The Book of Books·Mu Oath", the Qiang people once conquered Zhou from King Wu.Also, "Shangshu Dazhuan" said: King Wu defeated Zhou's soldiers, sang before and danced after, and "Book of Later Han" said that this was the so-called Badi's soldiers in Han Dynasty.This is probably correct, because there was also a Bayu dance that originated from Badi in the Han Dynasty, as evidenced by facts.However, these two ethnic groups must not have been in present-day Sichuan and Gansu at the beginning, probably due to the pioneering of the Han people, they went to the southwest.Shu, which is called with Balian, is a phonetic change from the characters of later generations, which is the so-called Siam in modern times.According to "Oath of Mu", he also defeated Zhou from King Wu.During the Warring States Period, it was still in the territory of present-day Hanzhong, crossing Chengdu in the south.Later, it was annexed by the state of Qin because of the attack with the Ba people.

People in the northeast were called raccoon dogs in ancient times.In later generations, this family spread in the present-day Korean Peninsula, and their civilization level is very high.But it has been said that "Wang Xi Hanhou, he chased his raccoon dog" ("Han Yi". Chasing can not be tested), and "Zhou Guan" also has raccoon slaves. It can be seen that this family is originally in the interior, and the North Korea that Jizi granted is by no means in today's North Korea. In the territory of the peninsula, I am afraid it is still within the Shanhaiguan Pass!In later generations, the Northeast clan also had Sushen, the ancestor of the present-day Manchurians. "Zuo Zhuan" in the ninth year of Zhaogong, the people of the Zhou Dynasty said to the Jin people: "Since King Wu conquered the Shang, Sushen, Yan, and Bo are my northern lands." Shen was also in the mainland, and then moved northeast with China's expansion. "Guoyu·Jinyu" said: King Cheng met the princes in Qiyang, and Chu and Xianbei guarded Liao, so Xianbei was originally a southern tribe, but later moved to the northeast for some reason.According to the "Book of the Later Han Dynasty", Xianbei and Karasuma are both descendants of Donghu.The customs of these two tribes are very similar, and there is no doubt that they belong to the same tribe.Although the customs of Donghu are few to test, the history of the Han Dynasty has been handed down in detail. The Han people said that it came from Karasuma and Xianbei, and they should not be wrong.The Nan nationality cut off the hair, and the Xianbei marriage fashion first shaved the head, which is the evidence of its origin from the Nan nationality.But Donghu also migrated from the mainland.

In the south there is the Li nationality, which is the so-called slang in later generations.In ancient times, Sanmiao was called the ruler of Jiuli, Sanmiao belonged to the country surnamed Jiang, and Jiuli belonged to the people of Li (see "Book of Rites · Ziyi" and "Shu" cited "Book of Books · Lu Xing" Zheng "Note").This is the Changsha Wuling Man in the Han Dynasty, and it is the authentic Southern Man.In modern times, it is said that the Miao nationality is the transliteration of the word Man, and has nothing to do with the ancient Three Miao Kingdoms. Some people make a mistake when they combine the two. "Historical Records" said that the three Miao were in Jiang, Huai, and Jingzhou ("Historical Records·The Chronicle of the Five Emperors"), "Warring States · Wei Ce", Wu Qi said that the country of the Three Miao was between Dongting and Pengli ("Historical Records·Biography of Wu Qi" is the same, and also See "Hanshiwaizhuan").In ancient times, the Yangtze River Basin was mainly occupied by the Li people. After the Chu State reached the Yangtze River Basin, the land opened up was probably the residence of this people.In the coastal area, it was called Yue in ancient times, and it was also called Yue.This is the current Malays, distributed along the coast of the Asian continent, and the Nanyang Islands, geographically known as the true edge of the Asian continent.This family has two customs of cutting hair and tattooing and cannibalism, which is still the same in later generations. In ancient times, this custom was also everywhere along the coast, so we can know that they are of the same family.In the early days of Wu and Yue, they all lived together with this family.That is, the Huaiyi and Xurong in the Huai River Basin, and the Laiyi in the Shandong Peninsula must also be mixed with this family ("Book of Rites · Wangzhi" says: "The East is called Yi, and it is tattooed", and this quilt is the Chinese character of "髲". False typo, that is, broken hair, it can be seen that the customs of the barbarians are the same. "Zuo Zhuan" in the 19th year of Duke Xi, "Song Gong envoy Zhu Wengong used the son in the community of Cisui, and wanted to belong to Dongyi." It can be seen that Dongyi also has cannibalism The custom. "Continued Hanshu·Junguozhi": "There is a Cong Pavilion in Linyi." Suizhishe." Linyi, now Linyi County, Shandong).With the progress of Wu, Yue and other countries, this family has gradually become more civilized.The big family in the southwest is Pu, which is now Luo.His place of residence was originally between the two provinces of Henan and Hubei ("Guoyu·Zhengyu" Wei "Note": Pu is the country of Nanyang).The state of Chu developed from the southwestern part of Henan to the western part of present-day Hubei Province, and what was opened up was probably the residence of this family.This family also spread from the southwest of present-day Hubei to Guizhou and Yunnan.During the Warring States period, the Zhuang of the Chu State followed the river up to the Dian State (now Kunming County, Yunnan Province), and it passed through the land of this family.After Zhuang arrived in Dian Kingdom, Ba and Qianzhong County (Bajun, now Jiangbei County, Sichuan; Qianzhong County, now Yuanling County, Hunan Province) in Chu State were captured by Qin State. Zhuang could not come, so he did it in Dian State a king.Although the land has not been formally included in the territory of China, the Han people have been appointed as the kings, just like the chieftains of the Southwest today, who use the Han people as the chiefs.

"Book of Rites · Wang Zhi" said: "In the ancient territory, Mount Hengshan never ends in the north."Since then, the flat land to the south has been inhabited by the Han people, and the mountainous land in this area is where the Shanrong is located. It must be developed before it can connect with the northern cavalry bandits. Therefore, the contact between the Han people and the cavalry bandits must be in Taiyuan and Zhongshan. And after the Northern Yan land was opened up during the Warring States Period.It is the two countries of Yan and Zhao who are doing this business.King Wuling of Zhao opened up Yunzhong, Yanmen, and Dai counties, while Yan State opened up five counties of Shanggu, Yuyang, Youbeiping, Liaoxi, and Liaodong (Yunzhong, now Datong County, Shanxi. Yanmen, now Youyu County, Shanxi. Daijun, Today's Dai County, Shanxi. Shanggu, today's Huailai County, Chahar. Yuyang, now Miyun County, Hebei. Youbeiping, now Lulong County, Hebei. Western Liaoning, now Funing County, Hebei. Liaodong, now Liaoyang County, Liaoning), put the current hot Four provinces, Cha, Sui, and Liaoning, were included in the territory in one fell swoop.

Looking at the above, the Han nationality relied on its high culture to gradually assimilate the nearby ethnic groups, and the territory of the Han nationality expanded accordingly.Ethnic groups that are close to the Han nationality, when the Han nationality opened up, naturally scattered to the four directions, that is, outside the territory of the Han nationality, but they also took some of the culture of the Central Plains with them. This is the path of Chinese cultural expansion.This is the truth about the assimilation of different nationalities in ancient China.