Chapter 12 Chapter 12 Lushun fell, and the strongest defense system of the Qing Dynasty was easily broken through

The Second Army did not take North Korea's land route. Instead, under the escort of the United Fleet, it took a troop carrier to the waters of the Yellow Sea and the Bohai Sea, and chose a place to land. There are two paths before them. The first way is to land from Dagukou or Beitang in Tianjin, and you can quickly reach Beijing when you go ashore, but the defense is tight here, and the cost of landing is too high. The other way is to land from Lushunkou, use Lushun as the base, go north to Yingyingkou to break through Shanhaiguan, and take the same route that the Qing army entered the pass to capture Beijing.

It appears that a landing point must be chosen near Port Arthur. After receiving the order to find an ideal landing point for the Second Army, Ito Yuheng dug out several large boxes of Chinese history and geography books he had collected, and sweated profusely flipping through the books to find them.Finally, he found a small place called Taohuapu.In 645 A.D., Li Shimin personally led the land and sea army to conquer Goguryeo (now Liaodong) from Luoyang. The landing place chosen by the majestic Datang navy was Taohuapu! From the map, Taohuapu is an ideal landing point. After landing, you can go north to Jiulian City and Andong to join the First Army; to the southeast, you can go through Jinzhou and Dalian Bay to outflank Lushun's back road and capture Lushun.Through on-the-spot reconnaissance by warships, it was found that there are only dozens of residential houses in this area, and the population is sparsely populated.The coastal defense forces of the Qing Dynasty are basically arranged according to the density of personnel distribution, so there is basically no defense here, and it is a very safe landing place.

Taohuapu is today's Huayuankou. On October 24, after learning that the then Commander-in-Chief of the First Army, Youpeng Shanxian, would sneak across the Anping River Estuary on October 24, Dashanyan decided that at the same time, the Second Army would land on Taohuapu!The reason for choosing to land at the same time is that the defenders of the Qing army have been successfully attracted to the Yalu River by the First Army, and there are very few defenders on the shore. In the night, 40 troop carriers escorted by 16 warships of the United Fleet were dispatched. In order to maintain order and quiet, they were divided into four teams with ten ships in each team. A total of 25,000 Japanese troops were crowded on the troop carriers. In the early morning of the 24th, the fleet arrived at the sea off Taohuapu.Ito Yutoshi ordered most of the warships to berth in the open sea for vigilance. The three warships moved quietly and moved as close to the coast as possible.On the sampan is the United Fleet Marine Corps. They formed a death squad to find the way for the army.

There was not a single Qing soldier on the shore. From this day until half a month later, the Second Army began to land in Taohuapu without any haste. 25,000 soldiers, 3,000 war horses, and a large number of guns and weapons were all brought ashore. During this period, there was no resistance from the Qing army. It seemed that it was a military operation on the coast of the country.For the Japanese army, they maintained a landing miracle in the world's military history, and for the Qing Dynasty, it was a real shame. I believe everyone has a question: Why did the Beiyang Fleet go during the Japanese landing?

The answer is: hiding. During the landing process, in order to prevent the Beiyang Fleet from attacking suddenly, the United Fleet dispatched a large number of reconnaissance ships to monitor the whereabouts of the Beiyang Fleet. Two of the warships sailed to Weihai and Lushun Naval Port respectively.Facts have proved that Ito Yuheng's worries are unnecessary. After the Dadonggou naval battle, the warships Dingyuan and Zhenyuan were damaged and were being repaired at this time. The Beiyang Fleet implemented a more thorough strategy of "avoiding war and protecting ships".If you want to go ashore, go ashore, please be quiet.

After receiving the news that the Japanese army was landing in Taohuapu, Li Hongzhang instructed Ding Ruchang to lead the Beiyang Fleet to "patrol" a circle in the outer sea of ​​Taohuapu to threaten the Japanese, but not to approach the United Fleet. The fleet, still dodged. Well, the threat on the sea has been eliminated, but the Japanese army’s landing activities have been carried out for 14 days. Even if there is no army in Taohuapu, it is still possible to send an army from the surrounding area to stop it. The landing operation will take a lot of risk. The anti-landing operation is relatively easy. Half of the enemy's army is in the water and half is on land. This kind of battle is the best to fight.

On the 24th, the Qing army sentry at Taohuapu discovered that the Japanese army was landing, and immediately reported it to the largest army officer in the vicinity, Lian Shun, deputy capital of Jinzhou.According to the usual practice, Lian Shun reported to his leader, Shengjing General Yulu.According to Yu Lu's analysis, there are two possibilities for this Japanese army to go ashore. One is to attack Jinzhou to the southeast, and then attack Dalian Bay and Lushun. Jiulian City (At this time, the vanguard of the First Army had just crossed the Yalu River).Master Yulu thought for a long time, and thought: The Japanese army chose the latter option, and it is unlikely to attack Jinzhou, so you don't have to pay too much attention to General Lian.

This is the first time Yulu, the general of the Eight Banners, has played.As a bureaucrat, this person has a thorough understanding of the officialdom and has been promoted all the way, but as a military general, his biggest characteristic is that he is often inaccurate in judgment.This is not the last misjudgment made by Mr. Yulu. This style of Mr. Yulu will be maintained until the battle of the Eight-Power Allied Forces a few years later. At that time, he was already the governor of Zhili, but his old problems have not changed. Lian Shun was very worried, he did not trust Yu Lu's judgment on the Japanese army.Judging from various signs, the Japanese army landed with a large corps, and the defenders in Jinzhou only had more than 700 people, which was not enough to stop the Japanese army from landing, so Lian Shun immediately rushed to Dalian Bay and asked Zhao Huaiye, the guard general of Dalian Bay, to send reinforcements to Jinzhou. Zhou and went to Taohuapu to block the Japanese landing.

Zhao Huaiye also felt the seriousness of the situation, but the issue of sending reinforcements made him very embarrassed, because supporting Jinzhou required the approval of the leadership. Lian Shun's leader is Yu Lu. The leader of Zhao Huaiye is Li Hongzhang. These are two armies with different systems.According to the characteristics of the Qing army organization, the entire Northeast region originally belonged to the Eight Banners defense area, and the Liaoning area was under the management of Shengjing General Yulu. However, because the Beiyang Fleet built bases in Lushun and Dalian Bay, these two places were assigned to Li Hongzhang. Commander, Yulu doesn't care.

If the Japanese army breaks through Dalian Bay and Lushun, it must first break through Jinzhou. Conversely, if the Japanese army breaks through Jinzhou, it must break through Dalian Bay and Lushun.Because only these two ports can open up the sea route for Japan to transport large corps from the mainland to the land of the Qing Dynasty.So Zhao Huaiye immediately sent a telegram to Li Hongzhang, asking Li Zhongtang to send the Beiyang Fleet to stop the Japanese army at sea (which pot should not be opened and which pot to carry), and to send reinforcements to Dalian Bay and Jinzhou. "Once Jinzhou falls, Dalian will die!"

Zhao Huaiye thought that his report would definitely get the consent of Li Hongzhang, but what he didn't expect was a swearing telegram: You guard your Dalian Bay, not the responsibility of guarding Jinzhou! Zhao Huaiye was so annoyed by the training that he quickly sent Lian Shun away. Lian Shun had no choice but to move reinforcements from Dalian, so he asked for help from Lushun, after all, there were many soldiers there.The person in charge of Lushun was Gong Zhaoyu, the head of the Marine and Land Operations Office of the Beiyang Navy.When Lian Shun rushed to Lushun and explained to Gong Zhaoyu the relationship between Jinzhou and Lushun, Gong Zhaoyu said: Lushun is still far away from Jinzhou... I have no choice. The army, they were originally transferred by Master Li Hongzhang to reinforce the defense of Lushun. In order to express my sympathy for you, brother, I let them go to you. Finally, with reinforcements, Lian Shun went back happily.When he learned about the progress of the Fujian Army's march, he was even more pleasantly surprised: because the Fujian Army has already reached Fuzhou, which is only 80 kilometers away from Jinzhou, and under normal circumstances, it can reach Jinzhou within two days. Lian Shun sent an urgent telegram to the Fujian Army full of expectations: The situation in Jinzhou is extremely critical!Please come quickly, your army! The Fujian army was marching at a normal speed, but this telegram from Lien Shun caught their attention: extremely critical?How critical is it?So they sent people to inquire: More than 20,000 Japanese are preparing to attack Jinzhou! Therefore, the Fujian military officer called back: Our army was ordered to reinforce Lushun, and there was no order to go to Jinzhou. After learning about the situation in Jinzhou, the Fujian military officer ordered the troops to rest in place and not go anywhere.Grandma, let us go to be the target of the Japanese army, what a beautiful idea!Everyone knows that a gentleman does not stand under a dangerous wall. Lian Shun was so anxious that he didn't send a telegram this time, but picked up a pen and wrote a letter in his own hand: Please be kind and save the lives of the elders in Jinzhou! The reinforcements remained silent. I wrote letters and sent emails to urge seven times in a row, but the other party still stood tall like Mount Tai—it is estimated that even Mount Tai could be moved. Well, until now, Lian Shun is on the verge of collapse, why not change his name to Lian Bu Shun.It was in these days when I continued to beg my grandpa to tell my grandma, half a month had passed—this was the time when the Second Army, together with its weapons, had completely landed. Golden State is in jeopardy! Lian Shun asked for help four times, but he didn't ask for a single reinforcement. His own leader didn't care about him, and the leaders of others didn't care about him either.It's a strange vicious circle.Behind this vicious circle is a fundamental reason we mentioned earlier - interest groups.The interest groups we generally know will only appear in government departments, but interest groups will also infiltrate the army, so everyone sweeps the door, don't worry about others guarding the city, it seems that other places that are not under their own control are not The territory of the Qing Dynasty, just guard your own.Let's fight on our own, let's hope for luck. When the Sino-Japanese War was only fought in Korea, everyone believed that this war was only about "Beiyang" (Li Hongzhang), so Li Hongzhang did not receive any support from other military systems.Now, when the Japanese army began to enter the Northeast, and the Eight Banners were involved in the war, Lord Li Hongzhang certainly believed that there was no need for Beiyang to support the Eight Banners. And Yulu finally figured it out: the primary goal of the Japanese army is to attack Jinzhou.He needs immediate reinforcements, but at this time, there is another place that is more important to Yulu. That is Fengtian. During the landing of the second army, the first army of Youpeng in Shanxian County captured Jiulian City, Anton and Phoenix City in lightning, and was advancing towards Fengtian.We have already mentioned the importance of Fengtian in the eyes of the imperial court. Mausoleums are important places. The place where the dead sleep is more important than the place where the living sleep. Difficult to guarantee.Yulu gathered all the troops around Fengtian and prepared to defend to the death. Naturally, he had no time to take care of places like Jinzhou. So Yulu drove all the troops in Liaoning to Liaoyang, and was going to defend Liaoyang to the death, so he had no time to take care of such a small place as Jinzhou, not to mention that he also had the same way of thinking as Li Hongzhang-Dalian Bay and Lushun fell, it was Li Hongzhang. adult responsibility. Yu Lu called back to Lian Shun again: I can't draw any more troops here, General Lian, you can only join forces with Dalian Bay and Lushun, and try your best to defend. Lian Shun came to Dalian Bay again and persuaded Zhao Huaiye to call Sheng Xuanhuai jointly, hoping to get through the joints through people around Li Hongzhang and send a few soldiers over. Sheng Xuanhuai's reply was quite simple: no soldiers. Lian Shun looked at Zhao Huaiye, Zhao Huaiye said, don't look at me.Lian Shun: Can you lend me some soldiers, or should I kneel down and beg you?Zhao Huaiye: Ah... don't... Lian Shun had already knelt down. Zhao Huaiye would not have dared to lend troops to Lian Shun without the order of the chief.So he can only express sympathy. Just when Lian Shun was feeling completely hopeless, a person stood up. He was not from the Huai family, and he did not have many soldiers. However, he firmly expressed to Lian Shun: For Jinzhou and for the people of Jinzhou, I will I will lead my 2,000 troops to Jinzhou, guard the ancient city with General Lian, and fight against the Japanese army together! Xu Bangdao, the commander-in-chief of Zhengding Town, was born in Fuzhou, Sichuan. He and Zuo Baogui belonged to the same system - a local army background. At this time, he was leading 2,000 people to defend Dalian Bay and Lushun.Although Zhao Huaiye and Gong Zhaoyu did not send troops, Xu Bangdao believed that what Lian Shun said was correct. Once Jinzhou fell, the Brigade and University would lose their doors, and their teeth would be dead. Therefore, it is necessary to build a defense line in Jinzhou to stop the Japanese army! After leading the army to Jinzhou, Xu Bangdao and Lian Shun deployed their defenses.Xu Bangdao defended the outside of the city. He set up an ambush on the only way the Japanese army must pass, built temporary forts on the mountains on both sides of the road, and lifted the cannons up.But Lian Shun planted landmines outside the city gate, and the people of Jinzhou were mobilized. Even the elderly and children came to help. Every family baked big sesame cakes all night and sent them to the front line one by one. A big battle is about to begin. On November 5, the vanguard of the Japanese army set off.I would like to introduce the person who led the leading troops. In the Russo-Japanese War 10 years later, in the face of the Russian army's fierce artillery fire in the strong fortifications, he shocked the whole world with the "human tactics" of ordering soldiers to charge in hand-to-hand combat. And now, he is the head of the First Brigade of the First Division, Nogi Nozomi. Nogi Xidian led the Japanese army to advance quickly. He never thought that what awaited him would be an ambush by Xu Bangdao. According to the information obtained by the Japanese spies before, Master Lian Shun did not move to rescue the soldiers. It is estimated that it will take half a day to deal with only 700 people. Can solve the battle. When Nogi Xidian's troops entered the ambush area, Xu Bangdao issued an order to attack.Several artillery fires were fired from the top of the mountain, and the Japanese soldiers on the road were blown to bits and pieces, and they were dizzy.Nogi Nozomi uttered the famous slogan: "There is an ambush, retreat!" Seeing the retreat of the Japanese army, Xu Bangdao ordered the soldiers to charge. They chased the Japanese army all the way and fired guns. Nogi Xidian had to flee back to the station in embarrassment. When the troops following heard that the vanguard had been ambushed, they said to Nogi Xidian, who was panting: Don't be afraid!Come with us!So Nogi Xidian came back with the reinforcements.This time the Japanese army used cannons as a cover and launched a strong attack towards the top of the mountain!Xu Bangdao was looking forward to the Japanese reinforcements coming to attack, because the more enemy troops there were, the more powerful the condescending cannons would be.The battle lasted for more than three hours. Although the Japanese army had more and more reinforcements, they were still unable to break through the firepower on the top of the mountain and retreated after failing. Da Shanyan was surprised when he received the battle report. He asked several times: Who is Xu Bangdao?He had never heard of Xu Bangdao's name before, but this person put the army at a disadvantage! Regarding how to break through Xu Bangdao's defense line, Nogi Nozomi's opinion is to organize more people and brave the artillery fire until it is captured (with personality).But this plan was rejected by Da Shanyan. At the military meeting, after listening to everyone's speeches, Da Shanyan simply said: fight if you win, run if you can't beat, circle around after running, circle around and fight again. Then, everyone heard a simpler sentence: If you still can't break through Jinzhou City, then don't come back. Da Shanyan is a calmer person than Shanxian Youpeng, and also a more strategic person.The biggest difference between him and Shanxian Youpeng is that he wants the same result as Shanxian Youpeng, but he has more means. After the Japanese army retreated, Xu Bangdao did not relax his vigilance. He knew that although he won during the day, most of the main force of the Japanese army had not been dispatched, and the Japanese army would definitely launch an attack overnight.Although the Qing army occupied a favorable terrain, it could not stop most of the main force of the Japanese army. Xu Bangdao immediately sent someone to ask Zhao Huaiye for help, and asked Zhao Huaiye to send the Dalian Bay defenders to rush for help. In the middle of the night, all the main forces of the Japanese army were dispatched.This time they divided into two groups, bypassing Xu Bangdao's defense line and attacking the city from the northwest gate of Jinzhou, while the other army continued to storm Xu Bangdao's defense line.After approaching the line of defense, the Japanese army was not eager to attack, but lifted dozens of cannons to the opposite hill, hoping to use more cannons to suppress Xu Bangdao's artillery fire. The war resumed, and Xu Bangdao's artillery fire had to be attracted by the Japanese artillery fire on the opposite mountain. Withdrew and commanded the Qing army to stick to the hill.He believed that as long as he could hold on until dawn and Zhao Huaiye's reinforcements and reinforcements arrived, he would be able to defeat the Japanese army with the favorable terrain he occupied. Xu Bangdao and the Qing army on the top of the mountain stood firm until dawn, but they waited all night, and Zhao Huaiye's reinforcements never disappeared.However, the Qing army suffered heavy casualties, and the Japanese army was about to rush to the top of the mountain to encircle them. In order to avoid being encircled and annihilated by the Japanese army, Xu Bangdao had to order the soldiers to retreat, and the defense line outside Jinzhou City was breached. The two Japanese armies joined forces under Jinzhou City. They set up cannons on the east, south, and north sides of Jinzhou City, and Jinzhou fell. Dashanyan ordered: no need to rest.Leave 1,000 people to guard Jinzhou, and the rest, let me go, quickly attack Dalian Bay! At the southernmost tip of the Liaodong Peninsula, there is a beautiful seaside city. It belonged to Liaodong County in the Han Dynasty and was called Sanshanpu. It was called Qingniwa in the Ming Dynasty. It was called more frequently in the Qing Dynasty. Or Dalian Bay.When Li Hongzhang was preparing to build the Beiyang Navy, he came here for field inspections and used the term "Dalian Bay" in his report to the court. Since then, this place has been named. Perhaps because of the beautiful scenery and pleasant climate, there are many handsome young men and women here, with bold and strong personalities.There was once a Japanese spy who sneaked into Dalian Bay disguised as a Cantonese and married a local woman.The local government became suspicious, but because there was no evidence, they had to secretly ask the wife to pay attention to him.Later, the wife finally found out that he was indeed a Japanese spy. She was so furious that she dragged him into the kitchen and hacked him to death with a kitchen knife. As a strategic seaport, the defense system of Dalian Bay is also very strict.The court of the Qing Dynasty spent six years building defensive forts here. These forts were definitely the most advanced forts in the world at that time. If you can't get in, there is nothing you can do with the shells. It can definitely be described as indestructible.What is even more powerful is the guns used on the turret. They are all imported from the German Krupp company. The guns can rotate 360 ​​degrees and can hit the enemy from any direction. Dashanyan calculated that with the help of these fortifications, Dalian Bay only needed to send two companies to defend, which was enough to resist the attack of the entire Second Army.So, with a heavy heart, he called his adjutant and gave him a task: to select death squads.Let the death squads charge in front, block the artillery fire with their bodies, and the main force behind them will launch a fierce attack. The 500 death squad members were quickly selected, and Dashanyan came to them and mobilized himself before the battle. Everyone knew that they were going to die, so there was nothing to say, "Eat well," Dashanyan said.So 500 people had a full meal, wrote their suicide notes, arranged their relics, cleaned up their cigarettes and smoked them, and they set off at four o'clock in the morning. Every death-death team member did not carry any dry food on his body, expressing his determination to fight to the death. The death squads carefully touched the foot of the fort. They were shirtless and wearing white headscarves, howling and rushing to the top of the mountain.No, I've seen someone who snatches a white blade with bare hands, but I haven't seen anyone who snatches a fort with bare hands.The Qing army in the fort fired two shells, which landed in the formation of the death squads, and the smoke billowed immediately, and the death squads were blown to pieces. After these people got up, they continued to climb to the top of the mountain! The fort on the top of the mountain was getting closer and closer. If the Qing army fired a few shots or fired a few shots at this time, the Death Squadron would spread corpses all over the field.They climbed up in fear. However, after the two shells were fired, the Qing army in the fort did not fire again, and the entire fort was silent, which puzzled the Japanese army. The death squad had no choice but to continue to climb up, and before they knew it, they had already touched the bottom of the fort, but there was still silence inside the fort, with the cannon pointing to the sky, as if asleep.The death squad members were very puzzled. They got up from the ground and climbed into the fort hesitantly. At this time, even they themselves couldn't believe it. This was another familiar scene. The Qing army in the fort has all disappeared, and there is no one inside! Two shells, only two. This is the record of the Qing army firing artillery in Dalian Bay.After firing these two shells, they all fled.The reason why the Qing soldiers dared to run was because their leader, Zhao Huaiye, had already disappeared. If you want to ask where Zhao Huaiye is now, he is almost in Lushun. After receiving the news from Lian Shun that Taohuapu had found the Japanese army, Zhao Huaiye made preparations for an operation - to escape.First, he sent someone to transport the military rice he had hoarded for many years to Yantai for sale, and exchanged it for cash, and then counted the home luggage and prepared to pack it.When Xu Bangdao asked him for help, he was urging his servants to carry their luggage at the Dalian Bay Wharf, and he had no time for him.Before the Japanese army invaded Dalian Bay, Zhao Huaiye had already boarded the boat to Lushun. The Japanese army occupied Dalian Bay almost without bloodshed. However, it was not so easy to attack Lushun next. The real main force of the Huai Army is stationed in Lushun-a total of 14,700 people in 33 battalions.Not only are there many guards, but the defense system here is also at another level.It took 15 years to build the Lushun Military Port. It was built by German engineers and became a model project of the imperial military defense system.The enemy first needs to break through the 17 land forts. They are all built on steep mountains, and they are condescending to attack. When the enemy struggles to climb these dangerous peaks, even throwing a stone can make them roll down the mountain handsomely.In addition, there are 13 coastal defense forts. The total number of cannons in land forts and coastal defense forts is 149 (including 24 heavy artillery, light artillery and machine guns). These cannons are almost all advanced Krupp steel guns, which can rotate 360 ​​degrees. , strike the invading enemy from any direction. Such a tight firepower network was one of the best among the military ports of all countries in the world at that time.At that time, after visiting the defense system of Lushun, the westerners calculated according to the firepower: even if there were 50 strong warships on the sea and 100,000 troops on land to attack Lushun at the same time, it would take six months to capture Lushun. The iron-clad Lushun really lives up to its reputation! In order to gain certainty in combat, Dashanyan ordered: the whole army rests in Dalian Bay for 10 days, and then attacks Lushun with all its strength! The task of attacking Lushun fell on Nogi Xidian again, and he was forming a death squad again. Nogi Xidian reported to Da Shanyan the list of prepared death squads: 500 people! "Less!" Da Shanyan said.So increase to 800. "Not much!" Then increase it to 1000. "It's still less!"... The number of death squads finally increased to 1,500! Dashanyan is already mentally prepared to pay heavy casualties. The death squad led by Nogi Xidian set off as the vanguard. They first attacked the Chair Mountain Fort on land.This time, Nogi Xidian learned the experience and lessons of the previous battles, and did not rush to death at the beginning. He ordered the soldiers to lift the cannons up the chair mountain first, forming a temporary fort, and bombarding the opposite Qing army fort!After a burst of fierce bombardment, the artillery fire of the Japanese army finally gained the upper hand, the artillery fire of the Qing army was suppressed, and the Death Squadron launched a charge immediately!The Qing army shot down from above, and the Japanese soldiers were shot and fell to the ground one after another, rolling down the valley, but they braved the bullets, stepped forward on the corpses, and charged again!However, the firepower on the top of the mountain was still too fierce, and the death squads were unable to attack the top of the mountain and snatch the fort for a while. Nogi Xidian ordered: Stop charging and redeploy.Concentrate the cannons from the front to suppress the firepower of the Qing army, while the death squads advance in a detour from both sides! Although the Qing army had an advantage in terrain, it was unable to take into account the two-sided charge of the Japanese army. However, this was not the main reason for the defeat of the battle. The main reason was that the Qing army blindly relied on the fort, and did not have the courage to rush out of the fort to launch a counter-charge. .The Qing army charged downward from a high position, saying "a whirlwind rushed down and killed countless enemies", while the Japanese army attacked from their backs, which was not good for aiming, shooting, or running, and their necks were sore. The charging Japanese army was getting closer and closer to the fort, and the distance was less than 100 meters. While firing, they rushed towards the fort desperately.And the Qing army in the fort finally rushed out - but they did not rush towards the Japanese army, but in the direction of the mountain - escape!The Japanese army successfully seized the first fort on land, the Chair Hill Fort. Immediately afterwards, Erlongshan Fort was seized by the Japanese army in the same way. And Xu Bangdao led his soldiers to station at Jiguanshan Fort. After retreating from Jinzhou, Xu Bangdao reorganized his army and took the initiative to garrison one of the most important forts on land.As for Xu Bangdao, Naimu Xidian had already learned how powerful he was, so he didn't dare to neglect him.He ordered the Death Squad to regroup, and a large number of reinforcements were sent from the rear, surrounded from all sides, and stormed to the top of the mountain! Xu Bangdao drew his sword and stood on the fort. He knew very well that he would face another failure.No matter when and where, the morale of the Japanese army is always high, going forward indomitably, regardless of their own safety, no matter what method they use, they must achieve their goals.When the attack was blocked, their reinforcements would always come quickly. On the contrary, the soldiers of the Qing Dynasty, who did not know who they were fighting for and who was worth their lives, waited for reinforcements like waiting for a legend.When a person thinks that his bravery is meaningless, he will soon turn to its opposite-cowardly and cowardly. These are the situations of two different soldiers. Failure is not terrible. Most of the failures are "successful failures", accumulating experience for success, and there is a kind of failure that is a complete failure, a complete failure, and a failure to the end. Even if I cannot change the source of my failure, even if I am unable to influence others, I will make the enemy pay in blood.One dies as a martyr for the imperial court, if the imperial court is not worthy of martyrdom, then one dies as a martyr, one dies as a martyr, this is the choice of a soldier. "Fire!" Xu Bangdao shouted loudly, his eyes spurting blood! Encouraged by Xu Bangdao, the Japanese army's previous attacks were repulsed, but they never showed signs of retreating. They retreated to organize their teams and started to climb again!Since the attack on Jinzhou, the Japanese army has been carrying out this kind of mountain-climbing exercise, regardless of life or death, regardless of the consequences, Xu Bangdao once again faced the danger of the enemy's army being several times his own, but at this time, he found an excellent opportunity. The commander of the Japanese army, who commanded the battle, entered the firing range. Xu Bangdao commanded the gunners to aim.Xu Bangdao felt that he had made a profit. Before the Japanese army closed the encirclement, Xu Bangdao led his troops to break through. The battle at the Jiguanshan Fort was also the strongest resistance the Japanese army encountered on land. With the fall of the Jiguanshan Fort, other land forts fell one by one.The Japanese army immediately advanced to Lushun port to break through the coastal defense fort! In the coastal defense fort system, the first obstacle is the Jinshan Fort.The Golden Mountain is adjacent to the Lushun Military Port and is the gateway to the military port. The terrain is relatively high. Standing on the Golden Mountain Fort, you can overlook the whole city of Lushun.Due to the extremely important strategic location, the largest fort group in the entire Lushun Military Port was built here, and 1,600 Qing troops guarded it here. The Japanese army is replenishing the number of death squads.However, they will soon learn that this action is redundant. Because Mr. Gong Zhaoyu appeared on the stage. Although the Lushun garrison all belonged to the Huai Army, they did not have a unified command because they were responsible for coastal defense and land defense.In order to solve this problem, there is a former enemy battalion office in the garrison, which is responsible for deploying the various armies, that is to say, the person in charge of the battalion office is equivalent to the commander in chief.As we know earlier, the leader is called Gong Zhaoyu. Gong Zhaoyu is a rich second generation from Anhui and a fellow of Li Hongzhang. He has neither taken the imperial examination nor joined the army, and has been promoted by spending money to donate officials and fellow villagers.On the day Jinzhou fell, Lord Gong became frightened, and ran to Yantai by himself in a torpedo boat, and from Yantai to Tianjin, where he joined Li Hongzhang.When Li Hongzhang saw the former army commander who fled back in embarrassment, he was so furious that he didn't even give him a sip of water. Instead, he spit on Gong Zhaoyu's face: "Go back! One step away from Lushun will kill you!" Seeing that the old leader was furious, Gong Zhaoyu reluctantly returned to his office.However, during his escape, except for the house in Lushun Port, other public properties that could be moved were basically removed by his subordinates. The warehouses and offices were ransacked, and even the wires for controlling landmines and mines were cut off. I regret not putting up a sign next to the wire: the wire does not contain copper, so it is worthless to steal it! After the Japanese army launched the Battle of Lushun, Gong Zhaoyu was sitting in the office waiting for the battle report. People found that his hand holding the teacup was always shaking. When the news came that Lushun Land Fort was captured, Gong Zhaoyu couldn't bear it anymore, and regardless of whether Li Hongzhang scolded him or not, he brought along Huang Shilin (from Lujiang, Anhui), the commander of the Haiphong Fort, and Wei Rucheng (from Hefei, Anhui), the commander of the Baiyushan Fort. The three of them changed their clothes and ran together—they were all fellow villagers, so it was good to have someone to take care of them on the way. After arriving at the pier, Huang Shilin took his packed family property and fled alone by boat. Due to his haste, the boat capsized in the sea. Huang Shilin thumped in the sea and called for help, but was rescued by a passing ship.After going ashore, he was arrested and sentenced to prison for the crime of running away. However, his family property was large enough. Later, he used 30,000 taels of silver to clear his joints. Not only was he released from death row, but he also successfully returned. But Gong Zhaoyu and Wei Rucheng were squeezed into the same small boat, the boat was small and the waves were rough, the two drifted on the sea for four days and finally arrived in Yantai.Wei Rucheng was very smart and knew that fleeing in battle was a capital crime, so he disguised himself as a boatman and absconded as soon as he landed.And Gong Zhaoyu went to look for Li Hongzhang again, and this time Li Hongzhang could not protect him. The court also sentenced Gong Zhaoyu to be executed in prison, and was going to be executed after autumn. However, this "question" lasted for six years until 1900. There was chaos in the house, and Gong Zhaoyu bribed the director of the prison of the Ministry of Criminal Justice and managed to escape. After the three leaders all fled, the defenders of Lushun City who got the news threw down their weapons and fled in all directions!Nogi Nozomi, who was preparing to charge at the foot of the Golden Mountain, looked at all this blankly. He didn't expect the victory to come so quickly. He didn't carry the national flag when he set off, so he had to draw a sun on a white cloth with human blood and raise it to the military port as a temporary flag. above. In one day, the world-renowned "Iron Lushun" fell like this.The Japanese army has obtained a solid base in the Qing Dynasty, and the navy has obtained an excellent military port, and will launch larger-scale operations next. In this battle, the Japanese army also won countless spoils of war. Only the artillery item, from Jinzhou, Dalian Bay to Lushun, the Japanese army seized 278 cannons. This number is relatively boring, but if we understand another The data knows its meaning, and all the field artillery of the Japanese army adds up to only 300 pieces! For the Qing army, this was like a deliberately lost game, which is really incredible.We already know from the previous narration that the Qing army is not at a disadvantage in terms of military strength (the lack of local troops is a problem of command and deployment), and it is in an absolute advantage in field fortifications. The fortifications in Jinzhou, Dalian Bay, and Lushun have all been repaired. For more than ten years, I have been waiting for work with leisure, specializing in defending against the enemy, and the Japanese army has no time to dig fortifications on the ground. The Qing army has another advantage that we don't often imagine, and that is-advanced individual weapons. In 1870, Japan moved an ironworks (ironworks) in Nagasaki to Osaka and changed it to the Osaka Arsenal. With this armory as the center, Japan established a military industrial base in Osaka.Although the Osaka Arsenal also purchased weapons from abroad at the beginning, they have never relied on imports: they have to develop independently. Eleven years later (1881), the arsenal developed a bronze field cannon with a range of 5,000 meters and a bronze mountain cannon with a range of 3,000 meters.At the same time, on the basis of imported rifles, the Army carried out self-design and improvement, and developed a completely domestically produced rifle-Murata gun (named after the developer Murata Jingfang).From this time on, domestically produced cannons and rifles, including later Shitase explosives, became the main weapons of the Japanese Army and Navy. These domestically produced guns of the Japanese army are worse than imported ones in terms of lethality and performance. The performance of the cannons is worse than that of the Krupp guns imported by the Qing army from Germany. on one level.However, the Japanese army has been insisting on absorbing foreign technology and realizing domestic production.It was not until 10 years later that the 38-type rifle was developed (produced in the 38th year of Meiji, 1905), but it could be exported to the Qing Dynasty. A thousand acres of stone fields is called no land; a weak army of one million is called no army.The weapons are not bad, the weather and the place are not bad, what is bad is only the people and the harmony (system). Obviously, the failure of the Qing army can no longer be solved simply by learning from the barbarian skills and improving weapons, because this kind of failure is increasingly tending to In complete defeat, as the battle progresses, everything will lift its lid. But failure has a price to pay. From the day the Second Army landed, under the direct orders of generals such as Dashanyan and Nogi Xidian, a rare massacre began.The Lushun Massacre occurred before the Nanjing Massacre in 1937, which was a tragedy that shocked the world. Those who presided over the massacre were Dashanyan, Yamaji Motoji, and Nogi Nozomi. 攻破金州后，日军将全城的男人捆绑成串，用于人体排雷，在踩地雷行动中的幸存者被日军押到一口大锅前，用刀割了身体往锅里放血，直至痛苦地死去。女人们被强奸了，甚至连孕妇也不例外。金州城西街，一位姓曲的普通人家，家里只剩下7个女眷和3个未成年的小孩，当日军快要进入他们家时，为了避免被日军凌辱，一家十口全部跳进同一口井自尽！ 在攻下旅顺后，大山岩下令：开始为期四天的全城大屠杀！ 抓来的老百姓首先被绑成几排，然后往死胡同里赶，在胡同再也塞不下时，日军开始扫射，胡同很快变成血河。其他的难民被集中赶往湖边，步兵开枪射击，对于那些侥幸没死还在奋力游回岸边的人，等待他们的是岸上的刺刀，老百姓的躯体被砍得残缺不堪，更多的人被开膛破肚。 旅顺全城变为了一片血海，孕妇被用刺刀剖开肚腹，婴儿的身体被用锋利的铁钎钉在墙上，老人们的四肢和头颅被砍下，妇女被强奸，这是真正恐怖的人间地狱。 在四天的大屠杀里，总共有两万多平民惨死于日军的刀枪下，全城留下来的活口仅有36人，而他们是日军特意留下来处理尸体的。全城死去的人的尸体后来全部火化，骨灰装进三口棺材，埋在旅顺白玉山山麓，这个地方后来被叫做万忠墓。 这是日本人第一次在中华的领土上大规模地屠杀平民，而它似乎很少被人提及。2012年，我来到了旅顺，在墓前敬献了一束花，在我看来，他们和邓世昌、左宝贵等人一样，是值得被铭记的。 而他们当中并不是没有任何抵抗，他们用血肉之躯，用简单的武器，用抗击侵略者的意志，抵御外敌。 辽东百姓一向有抗击倭寇的传统，当日军在桃花浦登陆，清军不见踪影时，桃花浦周边800多百姓扛着锄头、铁锹等各种农具，冲向了日军，日军用步枪射击，农民军被打散。但日军的噩梦没有就此结束，他们接下来要面对的是——暗杀。 当晚，第一师团师团长山地元治（一目失明，外号独眼龙）暂住在一位地主家里。他引起了地主家两位长工——来自金州的打铁匠的注意，铁匠虽然不知道山地元治是什么官，但判断他肯定是个日军的头目，于是他们决定趁夜刺杀山地元治！夜深人静时，两铁匠怀揣着打好的短刀摸到了山地元治睡房前，悄无声息地干掉了卫兵，冲进房内，但山地元治被惊醒了，独眼龙大声喊叫，赶来的卫兵将两位铁匠射杀。 日军加强了警戒，但他们没有想到的是，就连大山岩也遭遇了暗杀！三名勇士悄悄接近了大山岩的住处，准备暗杀这位大模大样的高级军官，但司令部的戒备森严超出了勇士的想象，他们潜伏半夜，一直找不到下手的机会，三勇士不愿空手而归，冲向了哨兵，在砍死几个人之后，从容受死。 日军不得不昼夜巡逻，加强戒备，他们再也没有遇到暗杀，晚上终于可以睡个好觉了。不过在他们向金州进发的路途中，当地的猎人早已挖好了陷阱，陷阱里面插的是锋利的竹签！日军经过的时候，人仰马翻，死伤数人。 这些英勇的人都没有在历史中留下他们的名字，但我仍然要记录这些勇敢的无名英雄。从结果上看，他们虽然起到作用很小，无法抵挡日军的铁蹄，但在入侵的外敌面前，他们仍然表现出了勇气，表现出了热血。勇气和热血是不会死的。 旅顺失守的消息传到北京，朝廷震惊了，九连城和凤凰城的失陷还可以说是“边患”，但丢掉旅顺的心情大不一样了，它已经威胁到了京师，旅顺隔着渤海就是天津和北京！ 朝廷感到了真正的恐慌。 而在广岛，睦仁亲自给大山岩发来了贺电，祝贺他将旅顺一举攻下：“天气渐寒，前途尚远，汝等宜自爱奋励！” 时节已经进入冬季，天气严寒，在东北作战的第一军和第二军下一步该怎么走？大本营产生了两种意见，一派主张乘势立即攻入北京，尽快与清军主力决战，直捣京师。而另一派主张冬季暂时屯兵，待到春夏时节再出击。 虽然大本营同意了前一派意见，决定在辽宁开展冬季攻势，但这两派的意见，目光都没有离开已经登陆的东北地区，并且只考虑到了陆军作战，睦仁对此都觉得不满意。 谁能制定出更为理想的战略？睦仁想到了一个人，一个不是军人的人。 伊藤博文带着他的《进击威海卫、攻略台湾方略》来到了大本营。 按照大本营条例，大本营的会议历来只允许陆海两军最高长官和参谋长参加，伊藤博文虽贵为首相，但他也是没有资格参加大本营会议的。现在他得到睦仁的特许，以文官的身份出席大本营最终决策会议，并且将发表他的意见。 “一个文官能懂什么作战？”大家对于伊藤博文的到来毫不在意。 而所有人没想到的是，伊藤博文即将语惊四座。 对于这两派意见，伊藤博文都提出了尖锐的批评。他的观点是，战争一旦开始，最大的课题就是怎样结束战争。这就像恋爱一旦开始，最大的课题就是结束恋爱期（结婚）一样——不以结婚为目的的恋爱都是耍流氓。 从奉天攻入北京固然痛快，但可言而不可行，代价巨大。因为东北天寒地冻，行军艰难，很容易陷入对日军极为不利的持久之战；即使凭着日本将士们的英勇，能克服千难万险一路打到北京，但问题是，作为一个战略家，不能只考虑打下北京，更应该考虑的是——北京打下来了以后怎么办？ 伊藤博文认为：很显然，北京的失陷将给清国带来亡国性的打击，难免暴民四起，清国朝廷土崩瓦解。以日本现在的国力，无法吞下一个无政府的清国，到那时，日本便要失去和谈的对手，白给西方列强以渔翁之利！所以，清国朝廷虽然很可恨，但对日本又是如此之重要，必须保证这个朝廷不灭亡。 而与此同时，又要给予清国朝廷以切肤之痛的打击，只有这样，清国朝廷才能与日本签订条件苛刻的和约。 什么是能够让清国朝廷感觉切肤之痛的呢？ 只有北洋舰队的灭亡。 这支舰队是清国花费了漫长时间、无数金钱堆积出来的舰队，是清国国防安全的寄托，从装备上看，它在亚洲排名第一，世界排名靠前，清国朝廷中很多人都陶醉在这个梦幻里，是时候去粉碎他们的这个梦幻了。 伊藤博文认为，接下来的战斗，只应该围绕着如何歼灭北洋舰队展开。 为了达到目的，陆军应该以最小的兵力留守辽东，派出主力转战山东，这里不仅是比东北更适合冬季作战的地方，还有威海军港和北洋舰队这样绝好的攻击目标，能够以较短的时间和较小的代价获得巨大的战果，一举歼灭北洋舰队，威震清国京师。与此同时，派遣分队南下进攻台湾，使日本获得这个绝好的岛屿，最后迫使清廷签下最不平等的条约。 伊藤博文接着分析：全歼北洋舰队是完全有可能的。因为这支舰队在大东沟海战之后对日本舰队表现出极大的畏惧，去战胜一支怯弱之师相信是不需要花费多少精力的。至于台湾，一直是日本帝国魂牵梦绕之地，这次清日战争一定要保障日本得到台湾，而得到台湾的前提必须是先实施军事上的占领，哪怕将来讲和，也要先拿下再说。 大师，真正的大师。扬长避短，直取目标，不纠缠不折腾，这是真正的毒辣！ 大家都被这天才般的战略惊呆了。