Chapter 27 4. Go south and conquer the peninsula!

Now, let us revisit the changes in the situation on the Korean Peninsula from the reign of the four kings of Goguryeo: The 15th generation of King Meichuan reigned from 300 to 331 AD - the rise of the Murong tribe, and the tomb was excavated; The sixteenth generation of the original king of the old country reigned from 331 to 371 A.D. - Qianyan was strong and was forced to become a vassal, and Baekje rose; The 17th generation of the Little Beast King reigned from 371 to 384 A.D.—the former Qin Dynasty was strong, relatively peaceful, and accumulated strength; The 18th generation of the old country, the king of soil, reigned from 384 to 391 AD-the rise of Houyan, the strategy moved southward, and became stronger again;

It can be seen that during the reigns of King Meichuan and King Yuanyuan, Goguryeo had been beaten to death by Murong Yanguo, and had to make compromises, and then shifted its strategic focus to the central and southern part of the peninsula.Unexpectedly, Baekje became stronger again. Not only did it attack the city of Pyongyang several times, but it also killed the original king of the old country.The Little Beast Lin Wang took advantage of the peaceful diplomacy of the former Qin Dynasty to regain his vitality.It was the turn of the king of the old country, and finally waited until the collapse of the former Qin Dynasty and the rise of Houyan. He had just beaten Liaohe and was driven back to his hometown by Houyan, so he had to continue to be a man with his tail between his legs.

For nearly a century, the Goguryeo people lived in a very depressed state—the way to Liaodong was blocked to death, and Baekje in the south often came to provoke them.As one of the oldest countries in Northeast Asia, Goguryeo has always been on the verge of expansion and struggle, but it is difficult to break through the invisible bottleneck.Baekje in the south has gradually become the biggest threat to Goguryeo on the Korean peninsula. The history of Baekje dates back to the Western Han Dynasty. After Ju Mong, the first king of Goguryeo, established Goguryeo, his son Leili, who was born in Buyeo, came to join him and was appointed as the crown prince, who would become King Liuliming in the future.The arrival of Lei Li made Zhu Mong and the two sons born to the local leader Yantab's daughter Zhao Xi Nu - Boliu and On Zuo - think that instead of staying in the Goguryeo brothers to fight for the throne, it is better to go to the south of the peninsula and establish their own. .

In 18 BC, Bo Liu and Wen Zuo came to the Han River Basin with a group of followers.Wen Zuo and his followers felt that the climate on both sides of the Han River was warm and fertile, making them suitable for settlement, so they built Weili City (now Hannan City, South Korea) on the south bank, and named the country "Shiji".But Feiliu felt that it was better to live near the sea, so he built the city in Mizouhu (now Incheon Metropolitan City, South Korea). Several years passed, Boiliu and his followers couldn't bear Mi Zouhu's salt water and swamp, while Wen Zuo and his followers multiplied around Weili City.Boiliu felt that he was an elder brother, so he went to Weili City and asked to be the king of Shiji.Of course Wen Zuo disagreed.

In order to survive, Boiliu had to fight against Wen Zuo, but lost to Wen Zuo, and finally committed suicide in shame and anger.After Feiliu died, the people of Mi Zouhu hoped to move to Weili City to live.Wen Zuo accepted them happily, and changed the name of the country to "Baekje", which means "the common people benefit from the sea". Therefore, Baekje is also called Nambuyeo. Since the city of Weili was surrounded by the Mahan tribe, Baekje actually had two capital cities - one south of the Han River and one north of the Han River.However, Baekje at that time was just a small city-state surrounded by Mahan tribes.The tribes of Mahan form a loose tribal alliance. The leader is the "King of Mahan". According to legend, he is the descendant of Jizi North Korea. Moved south to the Han River Basin.When Baekje was founded, the Mahan tribal alliance was relatively loose, and the emerging Baekje gradually replaced the "Mahan King" as the new leader of the Mahan tribes.With the strengthening of Baekje's communication and control over the Mahan tribe, the Fuyu people who migrated south and the Mahan people finally achieved integration.

Because Baekje is a country formed by the fusion of Buyeo people and local people in the north, its language is relatively complicated, so Baekje people can communicate directly with Goguryeo people and Silla people, while Goguryeo people and Silla people need the help of translation. to communicate. In the history of Baekje, there were two very important kings.One is King Guer (reigned from 234 to 286 AD), and the other is King Xiaogu (reigned from 346 to 375 AD).King Gol was the eighth monarch of Baekje. During his reign, Baekje consolidated the national system and expanded its territory eastward to the Nakdong River Basin, adjacent to the six countries of Gaya.

King Jinseogo is the second son of King Biryu, the eleventh king of Baekje.Before him, Baekje's throne had alternated between the descendants of the fifth monarch, King Sogook, and the eighth monarch, King Gur.The long-term internal strife and the change of royal power weakened Baekje's national strength, making Baekje unable to expand outward.After the death of King Qi, the twelfth monarch, King Jinxiaogu won the struggle, ending the history of two parties competing for the throne, freeing Baekje from the shadow of civil strife, and its national strength rapidly improved. Nearly during the reign of King Xiaogu (346-375 AD), the centralization of the monarchy was strengthened internally, and the right to appoint and dismiss local officials was withdrawn from the hands of the nobles, which greatly weakened the power of the Baekje nobles; Luo, against Goguryeo, the strategy of actively expanding southward.

In 369 A.D., the year when Murong Chui defected to the former Qin Dynasty, Baekje repelled the attack of Goguryeo, then annexed the remaining Mahan tribes to the south, and accepted the six countries of Gaya in the Nakdong River Basin as vassal states.The south is basically calm.Next, Baekje began to expand to the north and waged wars many times, competing with Goguryeo for control of the Daedong River Basin. In 371 A.D., the close enemy king who was still the prince of Baekje at that time led an army of 30,000 to attack Pyongyang and shot and killed the original king of Goguryeo's homeland.Goguryeo had to sue for peace.For a time, Baekje seemed to be the most powerful country on the Korean peninsula. The people of Baekje even crossed the sea and occupied part of the coastal areas of Western Liaoning and Qingzhou, and the territory was unprecedentedly large.

While expanding abroad, King Jinxiaogu also actively moved closer to advanced culture.After occupying the hometown of Lelang and Daifang, King Jinxiaogu invited many Han scholars to give lectures in the palace. While learning and inheriting the Han culture of Lelang, he also established education and developed culture in the country. At the same time, he organized scholars to compile Baekje’s The history book "Secretary".However, the book did not survive. In 372 A.D., King Jinxiaogu took the initiative to send envoys across the sea to Jiankang, where he was conferred by the Eastern Jin Dynasty.

Due to the continuous wars in northern China and the control of the Liaodong area by ethnic minorities who are familiar with bows and horses but do not know how to do business on the sea, the East China Sea Silk Road developed at the end of the Han Dynasty during the time of the Gongsun family had a significant development during the Sixteen Kingdoms period. decline.Baekje is located in the southwest of the Korean Peninsula, and it also occupies the former land of Daibang County, which has an excellent land and sea location. Therefore, it replaced Liaodong and became the leader of maritime trade in Northeast Asia.

In 367 AD, Baekje sent a diplomatic mission to Japan for the first time.While maintaining good relations with Japan on the other side of the strait, Baekje traded with China's coastal areas such as Liaodong, Liaoxi, Qingzhou, Xuzhou, and Jiangnan, which promoted the trilateral trade between China, the Korean Peninsula, and Japan.Through maritime trade, Baekje spread Baekje culture, which absorbed Han culture, to the Japanese archipelago, and even sent people to Japan to spread Confucianism and Chinese characters. In 384 AD, twelve years after Buddhism was officially introduced to the Korean peninsula, Buddhism became the state religion of Baekje. During the reign of King Xiaogu, the power of Baekje reached its peak.A very important reason for the strength of Baekje is that it has become the leader of trade in Northeast Asia and accumulated a lot of wealth in trade activities with the Central Plains and the Japanese archipelago. The conflict of interests based on maritime trade has gradually become another important reason for various forces to compete for hegemony in Northeast Asia. In 391 AD, King Rang of the old country passed away, and King Haotae Gao Tande came to the throne, and Goguryeo immediately ushered in a new era. As big a heart is, so big is a career.Gao Tande is the active implementer of this sentence.Not long after he came to the throne, he immediately gave himself a "big" title - King Gwanggaeto.From a literal point of view, Gao Tande is obviously not satisfied with the former king of the old country and the king of the old country. He wants to "open up the land" and lay down a large territory for Goguryeo... (It looks familiar, I think it too) However, Gao Tande still has some skills. He knows the truth that power grows out of the barrel of a gun. As soon as he came up, he reorganized the army and conducted strict training on Goguryeo's elite troops and navy.Training alone was not enough. In the second year, taking advantage of the opportunity of King Ashin of Baekje who had just ascended the throne, Gao Tande led this new army to the south in a big way to practice with Baekje.Naturally not to be outdone, King Ashen led his army to meet the Goguryeo army on the Han River, but was defeated miserably, and the Goguryeo army took away dozens of cities.Goguryeo also regained the homeland of Lelang and Oibang, which were occupied by Baekje. In the next two years, King Ashen led his army to counterattack many times, trying to regain the city captured by Goguryeo, but was defeated by Gao Tande's army. The defeat in the foreign war directly led to the turmoil in the domestic political situation of Baekje. In 395 A.D., Goguryeo defeated the Baekje army again. The army once reached the city of Weili, the capital of Baekje, and moved the front of the confrontation between the two countries from the Datong River Basin to the Han River Basin. King Ah Xin thought that Goguryeo would launch a new round of offensive from land, but Gao Tande made a strange move, and even led the navy to detour to the sea in the second year to attack Weili City from the mouth of the Han River.Baekje was unprepared for this, and dozens of cities fell.King Ashin had been beaten into a frightened bird by the Goguryeo army, and finally had to take the initiative to surrender, willing to make Baekje a vassal state of Goguryeo. Gao Tande captured King Ashen's younger brother and a large number of Baekje nobles as hostages, and returned triumphantly. Goguryeo also became the master of the Korean Peninsula again. In 399 A.D., Murong Sheng, the "common king" of Houyan, personally led 30,000 elite troops to conquer Goguryeo.The reason for the crusade against Goguryeo is "slow etiquette".What is "slowness in things"?It is arrogant and disrespectful to Houyan. The so-called "slow etiquette in things" was entirely caused by Houyan himself.Although Liaodong at that time was still under the control of Houyan, Houyan was no longer the Houyan with strong soldiers and famous generals in the Murongchui era. Murong Sheng is an excellent avenger, but not a qualified politician; he is very self-aware, so he quickly abolished the imperial system and called himself the king of common people.The ups and downs in his youth distorted his mind, causing him to have a serious distrust of the people and things around him.He didn't trust him, so he imposed harsh punishments and increased suspicion, which made Houyan, who was already withered talents, even more eccentric, and rebellions of all sizes continued. Diplomacy is diplomacy based on strength; without strength, who will respect you?Gao Tande became contemptuous when he saw Houyan's monarch and ministers were alienated and the regime was unstable, and looked for opportunities to provoke troubles on the Liaodong border to test Houyan's attitude. However, a lean camel is bigger than a horse. Hou Yan still won this battle. Not only did he defeat the Goguryeo army, but he also captured more than 700 miles of land and thousands of households in Goguryeo.This battle made Gao Tande realize that Houyan still had a certain strength. After that, he shifted his strategic focus to the war with Baekje in the southern part of the Korean peninsula. Murong Sheng saw that Goguryeo was nothing more than that, so he sent troops to crusade again the next year.If there was an excuse for the previous troop dispatch, this time the troop dispatch was more to pass on domestic conflicts.If the defeat of the previous year was somewhat careless, then this time, Gao Tande no longer relied on big things, but concentrated all the elites of Goguryeo to launch a large-scale counterattack. Not only did the Yan army not take advantage of the slightest advantage, but also Recaptured most of the lost land occupied by Houyan. Goguryeo and Houyan fought in Liaodong, and Baekje and Gaya in the south of the peninsula, and the Japanese army occupying Renna also joined forces to attack Silla. The scale of this battle is small, but its significance is very far-reaching: the alliance between Baekje and Gaya shows that after Baekje controlled the Nakdong River Basin, the six countries of Gaya had to become the vassal state of Baekje in order to survive; It shows that the exchanges between the two are not limited to the field of economy and maritime trade, but gradually developed into a political and military alliance; Renna and Gaya participated in the war separately, indicating that Gaya has not yet been occupied by the Japanese country, and Renna is a different local force ——Imna Linhai, Gaya is sandwiched between Baekje, Imna, and Silla, and must compromise; Gaya's boss is Baekje, and Imna's boss is Waguk. The political structure of Goguryeo in the north, Baekje in the southwest, Silla in the southeast, Imna in the south controlled by the Japanese kingdom, and Gaya in the center lasted for two and a half centuries. It was the prototype of the Northeast Asian political structure in the Sui and Tang Dynasties. be broken. Silla was in a hurry, so it had to ask Goguryeo for help.Gao Tandezheng was worried that he could not find a chance to infect the guide, so he immediately sent 50,000 troops to defeat the coalition forces of Gaya and Wa.Seeing that the limelight was wrong, Baekje quickly withdrew its troops. War is just a means, and gaining political benefits through war is the goal.In order to further control Silla, in the second year (AD 401), Gao Tande sent the Silla prince who was sent to Goguryeo as a hostage (in exchange for Goguryeo's aid) back to Silla to express his friendship.However, Goguryeo still left a large number of garrisons in Silla-this is the same as the reason why the United States established military bases in Japan and South Korea. As for Gaya, who sees everyone as a mother, she secretly flirts with her, and takes the initiative to become a vassal of Goguryeo. The defeat in the battle against Goguryeo caused Murong Sheng's prestige to plummet, and Houyan's internal conflicts further intensified.In the summer of the same year when Goguryeo took over Silla and Gaya, civil strife broke out again in Houyan—the left general Murong Guo, the palace generals Qin Yu, Duan Zan and others led the forbidden army to launch a mutiny, intending to assassinate Murong Sheng.Unexpectedly, when things leaked, all three were arrested and hundreds of people were killed because they were implicated. However, Murong Sheng's brutal suppression not only did not stabilize the domestic situation, but aroused more intense resistance.A few days later, Qin Xing, the son of Qin Yu, and Duan Tai, the son of Duan Zan, led a crowd into the palace under the cover of night.Murong Sheng was always vigilant, and immediately brought his guards to fight after being awakened.At this moment, a guard behind Murong Sheng suddenly pulled out a long knife and slashed at Murong Sheng.Murong Sheng couldn't dodge in time and was seriously injured. Murong Sheng knew that his injuries were serious, but he still insisted on the dignity and prestige of the emperor—he ordered people to carry him to the front hall in a sedan chair, and commanded the imperial army to resist the rebels; , Entrust funeral affairs.But before Murong Xi arrived, Murong Sheng collapsed to the ground due to excessive blood loss, and soon died of serious injuries without leaving any last words. He was only 29 years old. After Murong Xi's death, the ministers originally wanted Murong Sheng's younger brother Murong Yuan to succeed him, but Murong Sheng's mother, Empress Dowager Ding, favored Murong Chui's youngest son, Murong Xi. His daughter-in-law, and Murong Xi is Murong Chui's son, that is to say, Empress Dowager Ding dotes on her younger brother-in-law... Well, Ba Qi and Murong Chui failed to please his sister-in-law, so they were kicked out; So he became emperor.Murong Yuan was also bestowed to death soon. After Murong Xi became emperor, he doted on the two daughters of the late Zhongshan Yin Fumo, Fu Yu'e and Fu Xunying, very much.Yin Fumo of Zhongshan was one of the former Qin nobles who rebelled against Houyan in Hebei after Fu Pi proclaimed himself emperor. These nobles were later pacified by Murong Chui.Murong Chui was grateful for Fu Jian's kindness, and was very generous to these former Qin nobles. Murong Xi loves the new and dislikes the old, and dotes on his sisters. Empress Dowager Ding felt resentful and planned to abolish Murong Xi.As soon as Murong Xi heard that his old lover was so nostalgic for the past, he did not stop doing anything and killed the sister-in-law who had helped him.Once the old lover died, Murong Xi lost all fear and loved the Fu sisters even more.After Fu Xun'e died of illness, Fu Xunying was named queen immediately, and all the thoughts of Fu Xun'e were put on Fu Xunying: Fu Xunying liked to travel, and Murongxi took tens of thousands of soldiers to accompany her to the north of Bailu Mountain, across the Qingling Mountains in the east, and the sea in the south, enjoying the scenery of western Liaoning. Thousands of soldiers froze to death in the wilderness.Fu Xunying likes food, and Murongxi will get her whatever she wants; if the person in charge of purchasing fails to complete the task, Murongxi will kill them to please Fu Xunying. This is Houyan's worst day and Goguryeo's best day. Gao Tande saw that the emperors of Houyan were more licentious and brutal than the last, so he openly broke with Houyan and wantonly occupied the land of Liaodong. The enemy came, and Murong Xi didn't forget to bring Fu Xunying with him.The Yan army was about to take down Xiangping City, but because Murong Xi and Fu Xunying were going to enter the city in a chariot, the army had to postpone the attack, which delayed the battle opportunity and gave the Goguryeo army a chance to breathe. Murong Xi felt that this battle was not enough, so he sent troops to attack the Khitan people in the north in the second year.The morale of the Yan army was low, and they turned around in Saibei, but returned without success.At this time, Fu Xunying felt that traveling to Saibei was too boring, and the siege battle was more exciting.Murong Xi thought about it, and felt that the Khitan had been there, and the Northern Wei Dynasty could not afford to offend, so there was only one Goguryeo left, so he ordered the army to drop their luggage and divert to attack Goguryeo.This time, the soldiers of the Yan army suffered a lot. They lacked clothing and food along the way, and countless people died of freezing and exhaustion. In the end, they failed to regain Liaodong. From then on, until the demise of Goguryeo, the area east of the Liaohe River has been occupied by Goguryeo.It took the Goguryeo people three centuries to finally fulfill the long-cherished wish of their ancestors.After that, Goguryeo launched an offensive against Khitan again, forcing Khitan to surrender. In 407 A.D., Fu Xunying, who enjoyed all the glory, wealth and favor of thousands of people, passed away.Murong Xi was in so much pain that she not only kept watch for her, but also ordered people to check whether all the officials were crying. If they did not cry, they would be punished.The officials had no choice but to drink spicy things such as onion and ginger in their mouths, and "wash their faces with tears" all day long to show their memory of the queen.Murongxi felt that this was not enough, so he bestowed the death of the concubine of Muronglong, the king of Gaoyang, on Fu Xunying's funeral, and stipulated that every household should build a mausoleum for Fu Xunying.This alone caused dissatisfaction among the people and emptied the treasury. All of these are nothing, this infatuated emperor also did a ridiculous thing that shocked the world and made ghosts and gods cry: Maybe he thought that his beloved wife was about to be buried, and he was about to be separated from him, and never saw each other again On that day, the day Fu Xunying was buried, Murongxi actually ordered someone to open the coffin, stripped off his clothes and jumped in, and had sex with Fu Xunying's body... The depth of love, the depth of love, nothing beats this! Murong Xi ordered Fu Xunying to be buried after the relationship between humans and ghosts was over. On the way back from the funeral, the generals Feng Ba and Feng Sufu joined forces with Murong Bao's adopted son Murong Yun to launch a mutiny and take control of Longcheng.Murongxi disguised himself as a commoner and fled into the mountains, but was caught by the pursuers and escorted back to Longcheng. After Murong Yun sternly reprimanded Murong Xi, he executed the 23-year-old infatuated emperor together with several of his sons, and buried him with Fu Xunying, which fulfilled Murong Xi's infatuation. After killing the licentious Murong Xi, brothers Feng Ba and Feng Sufu supported Murong Yun as emperor.So far, Murong Chui's direct descendants have died or scattered, and basically withdrew from the stage of history.Two years ago, Nanyan Emperor Murong De also died of illness.Murongde's direct descendants also died in the war and massacre.The newly enthroned Emperor Nanyan is Murong Chao, the son of Murong De's elder brother Murong Rong.The Murong family, which was once prosperous in talents and produced numerous famous generals, has finally come to an end after decades of fratricide. Murong Yun, formerly known as Gao Yun.Coincidentally, his grandfather Gao He was originally a branch of the Goguryeo royal family.During Murong Chui's time, Gao Yun remained unknown until Murong Hui rebelled, and he was adopted by Murong Bao as his adopted son and given the surname Murong for his meritorious service in suppressing the rebellion. In 409 AD, Murong Yun, who had been emperor for two years, was killed by his favorite minister Li Ban.Brother Feng Ba rises up again and kills Li Ban and others.At this moment in Longcheng, there was not a single descendant of the Murong family who could be the emperor.Feng Ba had no choice but to call himself the king of heaven, still set the capital in Longcheng, and established Beiyan. That is, in the same year, Tuoba Gui, who laid the foundation for the prosperity of the Northern Wei Dynasty, also died in a palace coup.The murderers who killed him turned out to be his 16-year-old son Qinghe King Tuobashao and several eunuchs and court ladies.The reason why Tuoba Shao killed his father was to rescue his imprisoned mother.Because Tuoba Gui was usually brutal, no one stood up to protect him at critical moments, and even his weapons were hidden... Tuobagui reigned for 24 years and died at the age of 39, in his prime. Bei Yan replaced Hou Yan, but the situation it faced was even more dangerous than Hou Yan: the powerful Northern Wei Dynasty to the west, the rising Goguryeo to the east, and emerging tribes such as Kumoxi and Khitan to the north, while the Northern Yan The territory that can be controlled is only the Liaoxi Corridor and the Youbeiping area. Feng Ba is a Han, and has personally experienced the turbulent years of Hou Yan in the post-Murongchui era. In order to survive in the gap between the Northern Wei Dynasty and Goguryeo, he carried out substantial reforms in internal affairs, foreign affairs, and ethnic policies: Internally, he punished corrupt officials, abolished tyrannical government, lightened taxes, rewarded agriculture and mulberry, established Taixue, and sent children under 2,000 shi to study, which made the social economy and agricultural production in Beiyan recover and develop to a certain extent. . Due to the fact that the Hu and Han lived together and had many tribes in western Liaoning, Feng Ba implemented the policy of dividing the Hu and Han in the territory to ease ethnic conflicts. Externally, Feng Ba sent envoys to the Shandong Peninsula and Jiangdong many times by sea to get in touch with Nanyan, the Eastern Jin Dynasty, Liu Song and other regimes. On the one hand, he used sea routes to develop trade and accumulate wealth; pressure.At the same time, he also maintained a relatively peaceful relationship with Goguryeo as much as possible, and the two countries were roughly bounded by the Liaohe River. Gao Tande saw that Feng Ba managed the little Beiyan in an orderly manner, and there were not many opportunities to take advantage of, so he turned his attention to Dongbuyu in the east.It can be seen that the death of Hou Yan was not caused by external enemies, but by internal strife. Any powerful country first collapses from within. Dongbuyeo is a branch of North Buyeo, also known as Suben Buyeo, which is the hometown of Ju Mong, the founder of Goguryeo.The original Fuyu was the Fuyu country that was robbed and plundered by the Murong tribe several times, and the country was almost destroyed. Finally, with the help of the Western Jin Dynasty, it was able to restore the country.After Jumong established Goguryeo, he annexed most of the territory of Subon Buyeo.The remaining Fuyu people, in order to avoid the plunder of the Murong tribe, had to migrate eastward, and established Dongfuyu in the northeast of the Korean peninsula and Changbai Mountain in Jilin Province. In 410 AD, Goguryeo attacked Dongbuyu and captured 64 castles and more than 1,400 villages in one go, forcing Dongbuyu to surrender.Gao Tande, like Guanqiu Jian back then, took advantage of the victory and marched to conquer the Mohe tribe living further north. This expedition more than doubled the territory of Goguryeo, and it was also another major military victory during the reign of Haotai Wang Gao Tande.Two years later, King Gotande, who had ruled Goguryeo for 22 years, died of illness.Like Tuoba Gui, he was also 39 years old when he died. Tuobagui and Gao Tande, two equally young and equally ambitious monarchs, started their own road to revival at one end of the Chinese territory at the same time.They have a common enemy—the Hou Yan; although their lives were short, they created legends of their own nation at the same time, making the Northern Wei and Goguryeo leap from a small country in a corner to the most powerful country in the Central Plains and Northeast Asia. Tuoba Gui is the founder of the second great integration of the Chinese nation (the first great integration was in the Spring and Autumn and Warring States); Gao Tande is the national hero of the Korean nation.The "Guangkai" routine of Taekwondo is taken from Gao Tande's title - Guangkaitu Haotaiwang; the 39 movements are also taken from the first two numbers in 391 when Haotaiwang came to the throne, which means Expansion and recovery. In the autumn of 430 AD, Feng Ba died of illness.His younger brother Feng Hong killed several of Feng Ba's sons and proclaimed himself king.At this time, the Northern Wei Dynasty had already sent troops to Youzhou, and the next target was Beiyan who lived in the west of Liaoning. In 435 AD, the army of the Northern Wei Dynasty came under attack.Feng Hong had no choice but to send envoys to Goguryeo to seek help from the long-lived king Gao Lian.In April of the following year, the army of the Northern Wei Dynasty besieged Longcheng.Goguryeo sent troops, but instead of fighting against the Wei army, they took advantage of the fire to "cover" Feng Hong and the soldiers and civilians of Longcheng to cross the Liaohe River, escape from the pursuit of the Wei army, and fled to Liaodong under the rule of Goguryeo. Soon, the Wei army captured Longcheng, and Beiyan perished.After capturing Longcheng, the Northern Wei Dynasty sent envoys to Goguryeo and demanded that Goguryeo hand over Feng Hong.Longevity Wang Gaolian not only refused to surrender, but also sent envoys to Liaodong to appease Feng Hong, hoping that he would stay in Liaodong and serve Goguryeo with peace of mind. This Feng Hong is also a wonderful person. He doesn't feel that he is in exile at all, and he is not willing to be a foreigner and obedient citizen. Instead, he wrote a letter to King Longevity, accusing him of not treating himself as the king of the previous kingdom. reception.King Changshou was also generous, so he resettled Feng Hong to Pingguo City, which Murong Ke had guarded, and then to Beifeng (near Wafangdian, Liaoning).As the saying goes, people have to bow their heads under the eaves, but Feng Hong is very detached, he regards the place rewarded by others as his own kingdom, and acts like a king wherever he goes. At this time, King Changshou was confidently planning to take advantage of the opportunity of Beiyan's demise to march into western Liaoning. Seeing that Feng Hong was so "chic", he intended to kill the prestige of the subjugated king, so he sent someone to take Feng Hong's concubine He and the prince were taken hostage.A scholar can be killed but not humiliated. In a fit of anger, Feng Hong sent people across the sea to the south to contact Liu Song's regime, hoping that Liu Song would send troops to meet him. Putting on airs is a matter of personal conduct; contacting Liu Song with wrong intentions is a matter of politics!If you have bad conduct, you can turn a blind eye and close your eyes, but political issues must not be tolerated.King Changshou couldn't bear it anymore, and ordered Feng Hong's family to be executed, and accepted a large number of Northern Yan Han people who were unwilling to rule for the Northern Wei Dynasty, which greatly enhanced the strength of Goguryeo. The Northern Yan perished, the Northern Wei Dynasty basically unified the north, and Chinese history entered the era of the Northern and Southern Dynasties, which divided borders and confronted each other. At the same time, the last buffer between the Northern Wei Dynasty and Goguryeo disappeared.Goguryeo occupied Liaodong, but they will face a more powerful opponent. From the split at the end of the Eastern Han Dynasty to the reunification of the Northern Wei Dynasty, Liaodong is basically a history of the struggle between the Han regime and Goguryeo.This period of history also presents a regular coincidence due to the change of the ruling center of the Han regime: The Gongsun family is close, and the relationship with Goguryeo is tense; Wei Guoyuan, eased relations with Goguryeo; Murong Yan is close to the country, and the relationship with Goguryeo is tense; Former Qin Yuan, the relationship with Goguryeo eased; Hou Yan was close, and the relationship with Goguryeo was tense; Beiyan is close, but weak, and the relationship with Goguryeo has eased; The Northern Wei Dynasty was far away, but powerful, and the relationship with Goguryeo became tense again. However, Goguryeo at this time is no longer the small border country that was at the mercy of those days.At the end of King Changshou’s reign, Goguryeo was already a gigantic country stretching two thousand miles from east to west and more than a thousand miles from north to south: facing the Sea of ​​Japan in the east, facing the Wa Kingdom; facing the Liao Sea in the west, facing Qingxu Coast in the Northern Wei Dynasty; , from Asan Bay to Pinghai through Niaoling and Zhuling to Pinghai, bordering Baekje and Silla; the northwest and the Northern Wei Dynasty are bounded by the Liaohe River, and the northeast reaches the Songhua River Basin. This is the heyday of Goguryeo's most extensive territory. After three centuries of unremitting efforts, Goguryeo finally replaced the Han regime in the Central Plains and became the overlord of the entire Northeast Asia. Only a nation with blood and tenacity can survive and multiply in the survival of the fittest. The Goguryeo people used three centuries to realize a great dream.Perhaps in the eyes of the Han people in the Central Plains, what they occupied was only the land of Liaodong. As long as the Central Plains dynasty was unified and strong again, this land would return to orthodoxy; but for the Goguryeo people, the capture of Liaodong was the most glorious moment of the entire nation. Putting aside the difference between Hu and Han and ethnic differences, the tenacity and tenacity of the Goguryeo people are also worthy of our respect. However, the story is not over yet. When the Xiongnu, Xianbei, Jie, Di, Qiang and other ethnic minorities of the previous generation gradually disappeared in the long river of history, and the emerging ethnic minorities such as Khitan, Dangxiang, and Tubo flourished, Goguryeo, which spanned the Qin and Han Dynasties, The ancient nations of unification, the chaos of the Wei, Jin, Southern and Northern Dynasties, and the prosperity of the Sui and Tang Dynasties will also face the most severe challenges in history and destiny with the new round of Northeast Asian hegemony.