Chapter 11 Chapter Four: The Ancient Kingdom of Goguryeo

Well, the battle is over, and Liaodong is back, let us relax and come back to do some homework.The title of the homework is called Goguryeo. Goguryeo (37 BC ~ 668 AD), also known as "Gaoguli", referred to as "Guryo", "Gurly", "Gaoshi Koryo".Goguryeo is an ancient nation that mainly existed during the Han, Three Kingdoms, Wei, Jin, and Southern and Northern Dynasties. It was a minority local regime that existed in Northeast China and the northern part of the Korean Peninsula. It was also an important force that influenced the pattern of Northeast Asia.

Before talking about Goguryeo, we must first clarify a question, and we must also clarify a question: Is Goguryeo the same Goryeo that everyone often mentions, is Goguryeo a minority in ancient China, or is it the ancestors of North Korea and South Korea on the Korean Peninsula? ? Once, I was watching an ancient costume drama with the background of the Tang Dynasty. At this moment, a hero suddenly popped up on the screen, and said bitterly that the Koreans had ulterior motives for my Tang Dynasty... Seeing this, I couldn’t help laughing out loud The sound comes—did there be Goryeo in the Tang Dynasty?

The screenwriter replied loudly: Of course, Fang Xuanling once said that the Koreans are barbarians and cheap... applaud!Very well cited! However, enthusiasm is not enough to make historical dramas.Here I would like to make a suggestion: all screenwriters of TV dramas and movies, especially those of historical dramas and historical films, must make up for the history of Northeast Asia. "Koreo people" should be equated, let alone all the regimes that once appeared on the Korean peninsula are called "Koreo". Here, I want to tell you two facts: First fact: People in the Tang Dynasty did call Goguryeo Goryeo, why did they omit a word?It was meant to show contempt.Therefore, Fang Xuanling's words should be understood as his contempt for Goguryeo, and his contempt.Just like we give nicknames to others.Another example is that after the Battle of Baijiangkou, Japan surrendered to the Tang Dynasty and voluntarily submitted a letter requesting that the country name be changed to Japan.The Tang Dynasty accepted it.Since then, in official documents, Japan is Japan.But among the people, whether they are intellectuals or ordinary people, they still call Japan Japanese.It is both a habit and a psychological advantage.

Second fact: The history of the Korean Peninsula is the same as that of the Central Plains. It has experienced countless divisions and reunions. The Goguryeo regime existed from the Han Dynasty to the Emperor Gaozong of the Tang Dynasty, which was earlier than Goryeo; The year was established by Wang Jian and existed from the Later Liang Dynasty of the Five Dynasties to the early Ming Dynasty.The two are two completely different concepts of nation and state. "Gaoguryeo is a kingdom established by ancient ethnic groups in Northeast China. It is different from Wang's Koryo, which is located on the Korean Peninsula today, in terms of the main ethnic group and other aspects except for the name."

This is the consensus of Chinese historians.The Goguryeo people have indeed created their own unique civilization. The ancient Goguryeo country was also an important country in ancient Northeast Asia. However, due to the particularity of its territory spanning China, North Korea, and South Korea, its ethnic blood is also closely related to the current Korean people. A certain connection, coupled with the similar pronunciation of Goguryeo and Goryeo, and the close relationship with the Korean Peninsula, it is easy to be confused intentionally or unintentionally. Certain countries not only regard the Goguryeo people as the origin of their own nation, but directly graft the Goguryeo country into their own history, and also regard all the cultural phenomena and bright spots that have appeared in the history of Goguryeo and Northeast Asia as their own inventions and creations. Then it wants to replace China as the oldest orthodox ancient civilization in East Asia.

This is the evil result of historical and cultural misreading. We cannot prevent others from deliberately distorting history and beautifying our country. What we can do is to adhere to the cultural inheritance of the Chinese nation, re-understand this period of history, and not be misled by the difference between Goguryeo and Goryeo. So, how was Goguryeo and Goryeo misunderstood? During the Three Kingdoms period of the Eastern Han Dynasty, the Goguryeo regime gradually formed, occupying the vast territory east of the Liaohe River, inside and outside Xuantu County, Changbai Mountain, and the northern part of the Korean Peninsula; This is the former Three Kingdoms period in Korean history.During the Tang Dynasty, a civil war broke out among the three countries on the Korean Peninsula. Tang Gaozong sent a large army across the sea to help Silla eliminate Baekje and Goguryeo successively. For the first time, a unified feudal dynasty, Silla, appeared on the Korean Peninsula.At the end of the Tang Dynasty and the Five Dynasties, the Korean Peninsula was divided again, and three countries emerged: the post-Koguryo, the post-Baekje, and the post-Silla.It was not until Wang Jian established the Koryo State that the Korean peninsula was reunified.

The Korean peninsula is deeply influenced by the culture of the Central Plains. For any major event, one must find a high-sounding reason for oneself and get inspiration from the thoughts and deeds of the ancestors.When Wang Jian determined the name of the new country, he also followed this idea. He wanted to find a historical heritage for the new country, so he decided to use "Gaoguryeo" - a name with a long history and a certain blood relationship with the nation, which gave the new dynasty a name. Named "Korea". Now, everyone understands that Goryeo just borrowed the name of Goguryeo, and Goryeo and Goguryeo are two completely different countries.

Some people may say that Goguryeo's sphere of influence is in the Changbai Mountains and the northern part of the Korean Peninsula. Goryeo is a country on the Korean Peninsula. How could the two have no connection at all?If there is no contact, it is impossible for Wang Jian to quote directly. Okay, let me present the facts and reason. In terms of time, there was a gap of nearly 300 years between the fall of Goguryeo and the founding of Goryeo.These 300 years happened to be the most turbulent and most intense period of ethnic integration in Northeast Asia.The ancient ethnic minorities such as Xiongnu, Xianbei, Jie, Di, and Qiang disappeared, and were integrated into the new generation of Han ethnic groups during the Sui and Tang Dynasties; emerging ethnic minorities such as Khitan, Turkic, Huihe, and Tubo rose, and the ancient Goguryeo in Northeast Asia family, also failed to avoid the fate of being exterminated and integrated.It was the Silla people from the eastern coast who unified the Korean peninsula.

From a geographical point of view, the ruling center of Wang's Koryo is on the Korean Peninsula, while a large part of the territory of the ancient Koguryo Kingdom is located in Liaoning, Jilin and other places centered on Xuantu County in the Han Dynasty. More than 90% of the ruling areas of the two do not overlap. . From a cultural point of view, the Goguryeo people themselves have no written language.Judging from the discovered Haotaiwang stele, Zhongyuan County stele, Ranmu epitaph, Dongshou tomb ink inscription, Dexingli mural tomb ink inscription and list title, Buddha statue inscription, chrome bricks, and inscription tiles, Koguryo All ethnic groups use Chinese characters to describe historical events and carry out cultural exchanges.

Although Goguryeo was hostile to the Central Plains dynasty most of the time, various evidences show that Goguryeo was a minority in ancient Northeast China; Goguryeo was only a local regime in Northeast Asia. However, due to the confusion of historical materials and the limitations of cognition, coupled with the fact that the northern territory was blocked by the Liao and Jin Dynasties, most Song Dynasty people were ignorant of the nearly 300-year history of the Korean Peninsula from the fall of Goguryeo to the founding of Goryeo by Wang Jian. They didn't even know that Silla once unified the Korean peninsula, let alone the "post-Three Kingdoms era" that was divided and turbulent on the peninsula not far from them.

In the eyes of many Song Dynasty people, the country "Korea" has always existed on the Korean Peninsula, but it has changed from the complicated "Gaoguryeo" to the simple "Goryeo".Therefore, when Xue Juzheng was compiling "Old History of the Five Dynasties", he regarded Wang's Goryeo as the successor of ancient Goryeo, and Ouyang Xiu also included the history of Goguryeo in Wang's Goryeo biography in "New History of Five Dynasties". And that's just the wrong start. In the Yuan Dynasty, Tuotuo, the writer of "History of the Song Dynasty", clearly put forward the assertion that "in Changxing, Wang Jiancheng, the king of power to know the state affairs, inherited the position of the Gao clan". In the official words, "Koryo" is the continuation of "Gaoguryeo". It's the same thing and it's a final conclusion.Since then, the compilers of "History of Liao Dynasty" and "History of Jin Dynasty" have also followed this point of view, further acknowledging the kinship between Wang's Koryo and ancient Koguryo. In the Ming Dynasty, "Yuan History · Goryeo Biography" not only inherited the mistakes of "Song History" in terms of content, but also creatively grafted the history of Jizi Korea to before Goguryeo, finding a long-standing ancestor for Goguryeo.In the Qing Dynasty, in order to show its friendship with its neighbor North Korea, the Qing government specially compiled a section in its official history book "Jizi North Korea - Wei Dynasty North Korea - Han Four Counties - Goguryeo - East Migration and Restoration of the Kingdom - King The history of Goryeo--Lee Joseon" makes the history of the entire Korean peninsula come down in one continuous line - Goryeo of Goryeo inherits Kija Joseon, Goryeo of Wang inherits Goguryeo of Goryeo, and Joseon of Lee established by Li Chenggui inherits Goryeo of Wang.In order to justify itself, "History of the Ming Dynasty" also changed the fact that the local people moved westward to the Central Plains after the Tang Dynasty conquered Goguryeo into the feat of "Dongtu" on the Korean Peninsula, allowing Wang's Goryeo to inherit the Goguryeo tradition and annex Silla and Baekje in the south The stories of the two countries have become more and more reasonable. The errors in the official history books not only failed to clarify the real history of the Korean Peninsula, but also brought huge misleading to the folk cognition. Goguryeo and Goryeo, what we mispronounce are not only two names, but also a piece of ancient civilization history in Northeast Asia that cannot be distorted and questioned; and the biggest accomplice to this misreading is precisely ourselves.Chinese people never forget to be strict with themselves and treat others with tolerance, but in the end, when someone robbed their home, they had to smile and say, “We are rich, we are generous, we are not afraid of stealing or robbing, Because we are civilized people.Perhaps we should reflect on ourselves more, and we should understand Fang Xuanling's famous saying about Goguryeo. There is only one reason why the issue of Goguryeo’s lineage should be placed before the history of the Korean Peninsula: if the lineage of Goguryeo is not clear, the entire history of the Korean Peninsula will be a mess.Only by clearing up the source can we continue the past and open up the future. Jizi Joseon was the first to establish political power on the Korean peninsula.After King Wu defeated Zhou and conquered Yin and Shang, Jizi, a loyal minister of the Shang Dynasty, moved eastward to the Korean peninsula with thousands of Yin and Shang survivors who were unwilling to submit to the Zhou Dynasty, and established the "Ji Shihou Kingdom" together with the aboriginal residents of the peninsula. ". "Jishihou State" is not so much a country as a loose tribal alliance, and its legal name is the Jiziyiluo Alliance.Don't underestimate this "Ji Shi Hou Guo", it is the first formal political organization with clear records on the Korean peninsula, an immigrant regime from the Central Plains, with descendants of Yin and Shang as the main body. When the ancestors of the aborigines on the Korean peninsula were still slash-and-burn, they were already ruled by the descendants of the Han nationality; they had no language, so they could only yell and gesture with their hands. It was the Han people in the Central Plains who taught them to speak well. In the early years of the Western Han Dynasty, King Lu Wan of Yan rebelled, and Liaodong was in turmoil.Yanren Weiman led more than a thousand tribes to leave the Western Han Dynasty and enter the Jizi Dynasty eastward.Wei Man was originally a native of Yan State. He served as an official in Yan State, Qin Dynasty, and Western Han Dynasty. At that time, the ruler of Jizi Joseon was Jizhun.Jizhun was worried that the Western Han Dynasty would invade, so instead of sending Weiman back to China, he was awarded the title of doctor, and a large piece of land in the west near the Western Han Dynasty was given to him as a fief, hoping to use Weiman's power to protect the western border. Wei Man is a very ambitious political old fritter, of course he knows that Ji Zhun is playing small calculations.Seeing that Jizi Korea's national power was not strong, and the Western Han Dynasty did not chase after it to kill it all, he resorted to tricks and used the fiefdom as a basis to continuously recruit Han refugees from Yan and Qi who had fled to the Korean peninsula to accumulate his political and military strength. In 194 B.C. (during the reign of Emperor Hui of the Han Dynasty and the reign of Empress Lu), Wei Man joined hands with the forces opposing the monarch of Jizi Joseon, raised troops from his own land, and captured Wangxiancheng (now Pyongyang, North Korea), the capital of Jizi Joseon. Replaced Jizi Joseon as the ruler of the Korean peninsula.After Weiman ascended the throne, he set up official posts, developed production, gradually unified the ministries of Jizi Korea, and expanded his influence to the area south of the Yalu River, which was called Wei Dynasty Korea in history. Ji Guidance, who was defeated and fled, fled by sea to the Mahan area in the south of the peninsula, and established Mahan Korea with the survivors who fled.The Baekje of the Three Kingdoms period on the Korean peninsula was exactly a tribe in the Ma Han Dynasty, but the Baekje at that time was not called Baekje, but Shiji.Since then, three larger tribal alliances, Mahan, Chenhan, and Bienhan, have gradually formed in the southern part of the Korean Peninsula, known as the "Three Hans" in history.In other words, Mahan-Baekje, their ethnic group also has the blood of the descendants of the Yin and Shang Dynasties. After replacing Jizi Dynasty, Wei Dynasty Dynasty soon became a vassal state of the Western Han Dynasty.With such a strong backing, Weiman began to expand to the surrounding areas, and the Zhenfan, Lintun and other tribes also took the initiative to surrender and expand their land for thousands of miles.When Wei Man’s grandson Wei Youqu was in power, Wei’s North Korea became stronger and stronger, and Wei Youqu’s ambitions also expanded. Not only did he stop his country’s trade and tribute to the Western Han Dynasty, but he also prohibited small countries such as Zhenfan from communicating with the Western Han Dynasty. , Seriously threatened the rule of the Western Han Dynasty in Liaodong. In 128 BC (the first year of Yuanshuo, Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty), several small countries in the eastern part of the Korean Peninsula were dissatisfied with the control of Wei Youqu, and all surrendered to the Western Han Dynasty.Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty established Canghai County (approximately located in the eastern part of the Korean Peninsula, the Gangwon-do area at the junction of North Korea and South Korea).Although Canghai County was abolished a few years later, it was the first administrative institution established by the Han regime in the Central Plains on the Korean Peninsula.The attachment of Canghai County's vassal state allowed Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty to see an opportunity to solve Wei's North Korea. In 109 BC (the second year of Yuanfeng Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty), in order to strengthen the control of Wei's Korea, Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty sent She He to Korea.This mission is actually a throwing stone to ask the way - if Wei Youqu is obedient, he will naturally be able to continue to be a vassal state of the Western Han Dynasty; if he is not obedient, it will just give the Western Han Dynasty a chance to solve the Korean Peninsula issue.However, the result of the mission was nothing, and Wei Youqu didn't buy it at all, but "politely" sent someone to send He Li out of the country. During the reign of Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty, there were many strong men in the Western Han Dynasty, and Shehe was one of them.As the plenipotentiary special envoy of the Han Dynasty, he spent a lot of effort to go abroad, but failed to accomplish anything. If he went back like this, the emperor would definitely blame himself for his incompetence and embarrass his motherland.The more she thinks about it, the more she gets angry, and she works for others. She is not afraid of doing wrong things, but afraid of not doing things! Therefore, She He did not stop doing two things. On the way back to the country, he killed the North Korean Pi Wang Zhang who escorted him out of the country, and then bit back, saying that Wei Youqu had the heart of disobedience, and implored Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty to make preparations early.Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty was worried that he could not find a chance, so instead of blaming Shehe, he appointed him as the eastern captain of Liaodong County, and stayed there specifically to deal with Wei Youqu. Wei Youqu is not a fuel-efficient lamp either. I thought to myself, why are you involved in killing my people, and you dare to stay at the border blatantly? You are simply defiant!On a dark and stormy night (fictional), Wei Youqu suddenly sent troops to Liaodong, killed Shehe, and let out a bad breath. When people die, opportunities come. In the autumn of the same year, Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty sent 50,000 troops. The left general Xun Yu led the main force out of Liaodong and attacked by land;Yang Pu's navy first arrived at Liekou of North Korea (near the estuary of the Datong River in North Korea today). In order to claim merit, he led the navy alone to attack Wangxiancheng without waiting for Xun Yu's army to meet up, and was defeated.At the same time, Xun Yu's army also encountered tenacious resistance and fell into a bitter battle.Seeing that the two armies failed to win, Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty sent Wei Shan as an envoy to Wangxian City to persuade him to surrender.Seeing the strength of the Han army, Wei Youqu expressed his willingness to surrender under the expediency, and sent the prince and 10,000 soldiers to Chang'an to surrender. When Prince Wei and his entourage came to the border in a mighty way, Wei Shan and Xun Yu were immediately dumbfounded—how could anyone come to surrender with an army of 10,000?There must be a conspiracy!The two immediately ordered the road to be blocked, and then ordered all Wei's Korean soldiers to lay down their weapons and cross the border unarmed.Prince Wei is quitting—10,000 people are on the road empty-handed, isn't that just letting others slaughter them?So I took the army back to Wangdan City. This angered Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty, and he immediately ordered two armies to attack Wangdan City with all their strength. The long-term siege and the strong combat effectiveness of the Han army caused disagreements among the nobles and ministers in Wangxian City on the issue of resisting the Han army.In the summer of this year, Wei Youqu was killed by the minister of Zhuhe, the Han army captured Wangxian City, and the Wei family perished in North Korea. In 109 BC (the second year of Yuanfeng Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty), Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty sent a large army to attack Wei's North Korea. In the following year, in order to strengthen the control of the northeast border, Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty added four counties, Lelang, Xuantu, Zhenfan, and Lintun, collectively referred to as the four counties of North Korea, which were under the jurisdiction of Youzhou, and directly brought the north of North Korea under the jurisdiction of the central government. , the county seat of the Korean county is the original capital of Wei's Korean capital Wangxiancheng (now the Tuchengdong city site on the south bank of the Datong River in Pyongyang, North Korea). "Hanshu·Wudi Ji" records that among the four Korean counties added by Emperor Wudi of the Han Dynasty, Lelang County was the head, and the subsequent Eastern Han, Cao Wei, and Western Jin regimes all continued this administrative division.The Lelang County Government Site is located on the platform of Tuchengli on the south bank of the Datong River in the southern suburbs of Pyongyang. It is about 700 meters long from east to west and 600 meters long from north to south. In 1935 and 1937, architectural relics such as pillars, corridors, wells and sewers were found in the east of the city site, and relics such as bricks, tiles, sealing mud, pottery, copper and iron were also unearthed.Inscriptions such as "Le Lang Li Guan" and "Le Lang Fugui" were found on some pieces; The official seals of , Chang, Cheng, and Wei were all found. According to the "Hanshu Geographical Records", when Lelang County had the largest area, it had "twenty-five counties".According to the "Book of the Later Han Dynasty Dongyi Biography", in 82 BC (the fifth year of the first Yuan Dynasty of Emperor Zhaodi of the Han Dynasty), Emperor Zhaodi of the Han Dynasty abolished the two counties of Lintun and Zhenfan, and classified the land and residents of the two counties into Lelang County respectively.After the merger, Lelang County had a large area, so the Han Dynasty government divided it into seven counties in the east of Lingdong, and set up the eastern captain of Lelang to administer it. Since the Western Han Dynasty, the area of ​​Lelang County has not been fixed: when the Central Plains Dynasty was strong, its control area increased; when the Central Plains Dynasty declined, its control area also shrunk, but its central area was always near Pyongyang The lower reaches of the Datong River and the Zaining River Basin.Until the end of the Eastern Han Dynasty, Gongsun Kang, the successor of Gongsundu, drew out the wasteland south of Tunyou County, and re-established Daifang County, and the county government was in Daifang County.The jurisdiction is the same as that of the former Lelang Southern Captain. In the second year after Wei's Korea was conquered, Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty established Lintun County in his hometown. Lintun was located in the east of Lelang County, which was the jurisdiction of the eastern captain of Lelang to the east of Dandan Daling.The scope of its jurisdiction is roughly in the northeastern part of what is now South Korea, and its aborigines are filthy people.In 82 BC (the fifth year of the first Yuan Dynasty of Emperor Zhaodi of the Han Dynasty), the government of the Western Han Dynasty carried out a large-scale adjustment of prefectures and counties, and Lintun County and the uncles under its jurisdiction were also included in Lelang County. "Historical Records: Biographies of Korea" called Zhenfan "a small country in Dongyi, which was later considered a county", which shows that Zhenfan County was the area where the Zhenfan people lived together.The specific location of Zhenfan County has not been unified so far, but it is roughly located in the south of Xuantu County, which is now northern Korea. "Book of the Later Han Dynasty Dongyi Biography" mentioned before "Xiwu King granted Jizi to North Korea": ​​"The filth and Woju and Gouli are originally the land of North Korea", which proves that the dirty people, Woju people and Goulihu It was originally a territory of Ji's Korea, and later became independent for a while. Wei's conquest of this area was actually the restoration of the old place of Ji's Korea.But the Real Fan Kingdom already existed. "Historical Records - Chosun Biographies" contains: "From the beginning of Quanyan, it belonged to Zhenfan and North Korea, and it was used as an official." When Yan State was at its strongest in the Warring States Period, Zhenfan State already existed, and it was obviously not Ji's North Korea. It belongs to the country, so Zhenfan should be the newly conquered territory of Wei's Korea. In 82 BC (the fifth year of the first Yuan Dynasty of Emperor Zhaodi of the Han Dynasty), Zhenfan County and Lintun County were merged into Lelang County. As can be seen from the map, Xuantu County is located between Liaodong County and Lelang County, straddling both sides of the Yalu River, and also includes the Changbai Mountains in Jilin Province. It is not only the largest of the four counties, but also has the most important strategic location. .Xuantu County was established in 108 BC (the third year of Emperor Yuanfeng of the Han Dynasty), and its jurisdiction was the former place of Woju, a vassal state of the Wei family in Korea. It is about the South Hamgyong Road and North Hamgyong Road in North Korea today, as well as Liaoning and Jilin Provinces in China. In the western area, the county is roughly in the territory of South Hamgyong Province.During the reign of Emperor Zhaodi of the Han Dynasty, the government of the Western Han Dynasty moved the prefecture of Xuantu County to the Yongling area of ​​Xinbin, Liaoning, and the land outside the Yalu River was placed under the jurisdiction of Lelang County. Adjacent to Hadaling and Huifa River areas in the north, adjacent to Fuyu, Liaodong County in the west, bounded by the Great Wall, and connected with Woju in the east by Changbai Mountain. After clarifying the jurisdiction of Xuantu County, it is necessary to analyze the aborigines of Xuantu County.This is about a major historical issue - one that is still being debated to this day and has sparked a war of words between the two countries. "Hanshu Geographical Records" notes Xuantu County as "Guzhenfan, North Korean Hu State", but "Hanshu Geographical Records" contains political divisions after the fifth year of Emperor Zhao Shiyuan, that is, "Billing The two counties of Tun and Zhenfan, the land and residents of the two counties were classified into the administrative divisions of Lelang and Xuantu counties respectively. At this time, the jurisdiction of Xuantu County already included the original Zhenfan County and the aboriginal people of Zhenfan County. Fanren were also assigned to Xuantu County.Therefore, the earliest aborigines in Xuantu County are the old "Gurihu" in the "Korean Hu Kingdom". "Book of the Later Han Dynasty Dongyi Biography" records: "Emperor Wu destroyed Korea and took Gaogouli as the county", which shows that it was because of the "Gurihu" living that the Western Han government set up Gaogouli County in Xuantu County.When Xuantu County was first established, its jurisdiction mainly included two ethnic groups - Woju and Goguryeo. It was not until Zhenfan County was incorporated that Zhenfan people were included.It can be seen that before the Western Han Dynasty conquered Wei's Korea, various names such as "Gaoguryo", "Gurihu", "Korean Huguo", and "Guri Barbarians" were all about the Goguryeo people living in Xuantu County. title.The power of Buyeo entered this area during the time of Jumong's son, King Rurimyung.Judging from the fact that this family was included in the biography of Goguryeo whose ancestor was Jumong in the "Book of the Later Han Dynasty: Biography of Dongyi", Buyeo was renamed Goguryeo when it merged with the original Buyeo. These facts show that Xuantu County belonged to China in the Western Han Dynasty, and the Goguryeo people living in Xuantu County were also ethnic minorities under the rule of the Han Dynasty! The four prefectures set up by Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty were essentially based on the ancient Korean mainland as one prefecture (Lelang County), and Zhenfan, which was conquered by the Wei Dynasty after the Joseon Dynasty, was set as one prefecture (Zhenfan County), and the successive ministers belonged to the Ji Dynasty Joseon and the other The territory of the Wei Dynasty in Korea was divided into two counties, Xuantu and Lintun. Xuantu County governed Goguryeo Barbarians and Woju, while Huiren mainly belonged to Lintun County.The adjustment of prefectures and counties carried out by Emperor Zhao of the Han Dynasty was to place all the distribution areas of unclean people into Lelang County, and the Zhenfan people and Goguryeo to the north were put under Xuantu County. Whether it is the four prefectures established after Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty destroyed Wei's Korea, or the adjustment of prefectures and counties during Emperor Zhao of the Han Dynasty, they were all based on the distribution of local ethnic groups.With the Fuyu people going south to establish a country and the formation of the Goguryeo nationality, the ethnic pattern in Liaodong region has undergone tremendous changes, and the local administrative system has also changed accordingly.At the end of the Eastern Han Dynasty, Gongsun Kang, who took over the Liaodong regime, divided the southern part of Lelang County independently, and established Daibang County under the name of Daishui (now the Han River in South Korea). The county seat is in the southwest of Pyongyang today. The establishment of the four counties of Han greatly promoted the economic and cultural development of the Korean peninsula.This stimulus is mainly manifested in two aspects: one is the direct development of the four counties by Han immigrants, which led to the emergence of the famous "Lelang Culture" in the northern part of the Korean Peninsula; Moving to the south, the people who moved south brought more advanced production technology, which indirectly promoted the development of the southern part of the peninsula. From the understanding of the four counties of Korea in the Han Dynasty, we can see that the control of the Liaodong region by the Han Dynasty government is far greater than the "Liaodong" region we understand, but includes the entire territory of today's Liaoning, most of Jilin, and the vast north-central part of Korea. area.Two thousand years ago, the Chinese nation was the master of Northeast Asia!