Chapter 34 Chapter 33: Heyuan Water Legend

On September 5, 2009, when I heard Chen Jianhua, secretary of the Heyuan Municipal Party Committee, say slowly but firmly, "Whether human beings should obey nature or tame nature is controversial. But I believe that human beings should obey nature!" At that time, what flashed in my mind was the sparkling water surface of Wanlv Lake. Heyuan City is a model for maintaining natural ecology.It has the largest artificial lake in South China - formerly known as Xinfengjiang Reservoir, now called Wanlu Lake.The reservoir is evergreen in all seasons, clean and refined like green, and the lake water maintains the national surface water Class I standard all the year round, which means it can be directly drunk, and has been hailed as the last lifeline of Guangdong.

In 2004, when Zhong Suisui, chairman and president of Zhejiang Nongfu Spring Company, was inspecting Heyuan, he stood on the Xinfengjiang Dam and sighed: I never imagined that Guangdong’s industrialization and urbanization are so high, and there can be such A lake of clean water! Guangdong is undoubtedly one of the most economically developed areas in China. Over the past 31 years of reform and opening up, the Cantonese have dared to be the first in the world, created miracles that amazed the world, and made great contributions to China becoming a rising power.We have a rising comprehensive national strength, however, many places have become extremely fragile in terms of ecological environment.This is actually the human dilemma faced by "One World".Since the 1980s, the global temperature has risen significantly.Precipitation is redistributed, glaciers and permafrost are melting, sea levels are rising, and the alarm of ecological imbalance is sounding again. Human food supply and living environment are threatened like never before!Looking down from the sky, the Pearl River Delta region, known as the "world factory", is densely packed with factory buildings and chimneys, and the soil is heavily polluted by heavy metals.

But near the source of the Dongjiang River, there is actually the last "green pearl", which has saved 13.9 billion cubic meters of natural water that can be directly drunk. When we are amazed at the great achievements of Guangdong in creating wealth and taking off in recent years, people finally understand To: This is the most precious wealth in Guangdong, and this is the great cause of success in the present and benefit in the future! This pool of clear water is not the result of the hard work of a generation.From the beginning of the founding of the People's Republic of China, successive leaders of Guangdong Province and Heyuan County have taken good care of Guangdong's "line of life". Ye Jianying, Tao Zhu, Chen Yu, Zhao Ziyang, Xi Zhongxun, Liang Lingguang, Ren Zhongyi, Lin Ruo, Li Changchun, Ye Xuanping, Zhang Dejiang , Zhu Senlin, Wang Yang, Huang Huahua, Liang Weifa... Wanlv Lake has a tendency of everlasting greenness. Behind this momentum is the great effort and care that these leaders have devoted to.

In 2007, the baton of this glory was handed over to Chen Jianhua, then Party Secretary of Heyuan City. Under the initiative and vigorous promotion of Secretary Chen, Heyuan has recently signed the "Wanlu Lake Direct Drinking Water Project Cooperation Framework Agreement" with Guangzhou, Shenzhen and Dongguan, which will not only greatly protect the drinking water safety and lives of tens of millions of people in the three cities Health also makes "water for money" finally a reality.This means that Wanlv Lake will become an endless financial source for Heyuan local finance in the future.

This is not the only thing that makes the people of Heyuan satisfied.According to data from the environmental protection department, the air quality of Heyuan City has been maintained at the national first-level standard all year round, and the water quality of rivers such as the Dongjiang Xinfeng River has always maintained the national surface water I-II standard; the forest coverage rate in the territory is as high as 70.6%.Heyuan is the only area in Guangdong that has not experienced acid rain. It is also one of the few prefecture-level cities in the country that has first-class water quality, first-class air, and first-class forests. It is also China's "Best Model of Ecological Environmental Protection" city.

She is not ashamed of her name: Heyuan! The source of the river, the source of life!The source of eternity! water.This pictographic character with only four paintings runs through the history of the rise and fall of an ancient civilization. Writing a history of China is also a history of water control, water protection, and civilization.He said: You see, the repeated floods of the Nile River and the continuous governance again and again produced Egyptian civilization; the annual floods and governance of the Ganges River produced ancient Indian civilization; Governance has produced the Yellow River civilization and Chinese civilization.When we speculate whether there is life in celestial bodies other than the earth, the first condition that comes to mind is water.Humans have chosen water to live since ancient times. Throughout the ages, wherever there is a village, there will be a bubbling spring; and a city is often accompanied by a mighty river.

For thousands of years, people and water have been interdependent and competed with each other!When Dayu traveled all over the rivers and mountains, opened the dragon gate, and tamed the roaring yellow dragon, a brilliant civilization began to spread in the east.From the earliest method of water control in China to replace blockage with dredging, it shows that water control must first go with the flow and not go against the sky.However, artificially improving the quality of one's own living environment will inevitably change the hydrological form partially. In the long history of 5,000 years, the water conservancy industry has shown that "one will succeed and ten thousand bones will die" in the change of dynasties and the rise and fall of the country. Therefore, Dujiangyan of Li Bing and his son laid the cornerstone of prosperity for the rise of Qin State, and it is still surrounded by Western Shu; while the Beijing-Hangzhou Grand Canal sets off the sad ending of Sui Yang's world.

In our ancient country, Heyuan is not a famous name.This is a land far away from people's sight. In the vast history of the empire, she can only settle in a lonely corner.Even though this is the territory where dinosaurs fought for supremacy during the Jurassic period [the collection of dinosaur egg fossils in Heyuan City has exceeded 14,000, which has won the Guinness World Record and ranks first in the world], even though this place has been prosperous as early as the Shang and Zhou dynasties.Until a dam rises here, until a piece of clear water pours down here.A monument was erected here, and a good story of a "treasure bowl" was buried in this paradise in the hustle and bustle of the times.

To build dams and reservoirs is to tame nature; to protect the green water of a lake and build an ecological civilization is to obey nature.Is there a paradox between the two? How did Heyuan do it? Secretary Chen also said: "There is no turning back! Now that we have decided, we will continue to work! Now that we have started, we must improve and be more scientific." How many generations of intertwined stories are hidden under this firm and desolate expression? In September 2009, I visited Heyuan City, Guangdong Province, an ancient city of Hakkas again. I visited Wanlu Lake, which Heyuan people are proud of, and visited the majestic Xinfengjiang Dam.When I felt the high sky and wide clouds in the clear water and bright sun of Wanlu Lake, and when I had a panoramic view of the whole Heyuan City on the majestic dam, I seemed to see a legend that was still being told.

Legend is a vague term.No one knows how much they sacrificed, no one knows how much they contributed.The "Great Leap Forward" years of excess passion, those turbulent immigrant careers; there is also the hard work of the new era, and the guardian of the green in the new century.Outsiders have no way of knowing, but Heyuan people know. At the beginning of 1958, the two seemingly unrelated nouns, sacrifice and dedication, staged a history of entanglement. History is written by the people!Everything starts with the Xinfengjiang Dam.Back in time to 1958. Looking back from the 60-year chronicle of the Republic, 1958 was a year of stormy weather.In that absurd "Great Leap Forward" era, many "shocking feats" were performed every day: agricultural production frequently released "satellites" with an yield of 10,000 jin per mu. The most famous poster at that time was a little girl sitting in the Haohao soup Tang's wheat waves smiled happily; villages and townships were abolished, and people's communes with "militarized organization, combat-oriented actions, and collectivized life" were established.Among them, the most jaw-dropping thing is the "big iron and steel smelting". All metals such as pots and pans, iron rings on the door, and ancestral bronzes are taken to the earthen blast furnace at the head of the village for "steel smelting". Iron lumps report steel production...

In the "hot-headed" years, the Xinfengjiang Reservoir was one of the few "sober" and "rational" products of that era. Why do you say she is "reasonable"?Then pull the camera forward to get a peek. In 1849, Xinfeng River broke its embankment.The floods raged, and the people left their homes with their children and their families, fleeing with their families.Dou Mi Qian Qian, forcing people to panic, living like a year, can't go on anymore.A large number of farmers make a living by begging, and the streets and sidewalks are full of mourners.Those who are a little bit bold may turn grass into robbers and make a living by robbing, or participate in the food riots of hungry people. Otherwise, they can only sit and wait for death. Starving to death is the only fate.This is a tragedy that happened in Heyuan County a century and a half ago. This year, the flood burst and thousands of families were wiped out. In fact, due to the lack of a large reservoir to regulate the water flow, the Xinfeng River has become a tyrannical beast when the peak of the flood surges during the rainy season. Every year, it comes to show off its power as scheduled. Such tragedies have happened repeatedly.According to relevant historical records, from 1462 to 1949, there were 21 floods with heavy casualties in Heyuan County.Heyuan is one of the five rainstorm centers in Guangdong Province. During the rainy season, the local people live in fear. Not long after the founding of New China, the construction of a large reservoir in Heyuan County, Guangdong Province was put on the agenda.In the first five-year plan of the country, the Xinfengjiang Hydropower Station is one of the key projects, which has received great attention from the central government. In early 1956, after the adoption of the Second Five-Year Plan for the Development of the National Economy, the Central Ministry of Water Resources immediately dispatched a survey team composed of many long-established experts to conduct a comprehensive survey of the Xinfeng River Basin. The unruly "little white dragon" of Xinfeng River, commonly known as "Heyuan Xiaojiang", originates from Qixingling, Xiaozheng Town, Xinfeng County, flows eastward through Xikeng, and joins Lianping Zhongxin River into Banjiang in Heyuan. Chuantang River, Luohu River, and Dengta River in Heyuan County, and then gather water from Zhixi, Lixi, Guling, and Nanhu, and flow into the Dongjiang River around the urban area of ​​Heyuan.Xinfeng River has a total length of 163 kilometers, of which the main river in Heyuan is 84.1 kilometers long.Down the river, there are lush mountains and forests beside the water, criss-cross streams, warm ground and fat fish, which is a grand scene of a land of fish and rice.For thousands of years, the industrious and kind-hearted people of southern Guangdong have been farming and weaving here, and have ample food and clothing.Most of the time, Xinfengjiang is like a kind mother, nurturing the people of Heyuan with painstaking efforts.But once the floods are raging and powerful, they are as terrifying as Grandma Wolf. After several re-examinations, the exploration team finally determined the Yapo Mountain Canyon in Shuangxia Village, Dongpu Town, 6 kilometers away from Heyuan City, in the lower reaches of the Xinfeng River, as the dam site.Only when you see the uncanny workmanship of "Yapo Mountain" in person, can you realize that this place is really a unique place for dam building-the distance between the two mountains is about a kilometer, and a raging current leaps under the mountain.The downstream is Heyuan County, where people live and work in peace and contentment.As long as a dam is erected in the mountains, the river flowing here will be cut off in the middle, as if a leaky bucket is filled, and a "natural water basin" surrounded by mountains will be formed! On July 15th, the roaring salute officially announced the start of the battle to build the Xinfengjiang Reservoir!The Xinfengjiang Reservoir was designed by the Guangdong Water Conservancy Design Institute, and the Xinfengjiang Hydropower Engineering Bureau of the Ministry of Water and Electricity is responsible for the construction. It is expected to be completed in the next year and start to store water in October of the same year.In the era of the Great Leap Forward, where there is a lack of material, lack of funds, backward technology, and poor equipment, it can be said that there is a shortage of everything except will and manpower. What a tragic and fierce battle it will be.Those passionate years, those countless dedications and sacrifices should be engraved in the history of water conservancy of the Republic! If the Xinfengjiang Dam is a towering monument, it is made of the backbones and sweat of thousands of people!The number of construction workers for the Xinfengjiang Reservoir Project amounted to 30,000. This number was nothing in the era of the Great Leap Forward when they were constantly "competing with the sun and the moon". The youth, blood and sweat gathered together into the clear water and blue sky behind the dam.Among them, the 0462 Battalion of the People's Liberation Army is the vanguard. They are responsible for repairing the approach road and digging the diversion channel; the migrant workers sent by Guangzhou, Huiyang, Foshan, Shaoguan and other major specialties are the main force. They dig the dam foundation, Digging up mountains and crushing stones, and filling these stones in the upstream and downstream cofferdams; the technical personnel transferred from the Guangzhou Construction Company and the Liuxihe construction site are professional backbones, responsible for the production of wooden molds and steel bars. Tasks such as erection, concrete pouring of dams and powerhouses.What is particularly touching is that a group of patriotic compatriots came back from Hong Kong and Macau to support the construction of the Xinfengjiang Dam, and joined the rolling tide of building the motherland! Just imagine, how spectacular it is to have 30,000 people camped on the top of the mountain between the narrow valleys on both sides.The ramming chant of fighting, the singing and laughing during rest, and the curling smoke while cooking make it easy for people to forget the fatigue of labor, and even always be in a state of passionate fighting.The logistics supply in that era was extremely crude, and the food was enough, but the spirit of the people was not barren. Their determination to contribute to the construction of the motherland is unquestionable, and the inherent red hearts are always so sincere And eager, it seems that every cell is condensed with infinite enthusiasm. In this raging ocean, a person's face can easily be submerged, but every hole is dug by every hand, every shovel is moved by every hand, and the grand narrative of history is often created by the group. Writing, but we should not forget the selfless and firm faces. On February 23, 1959, the young Xiao Qiang and Huang Shenrong died unfortunately at work.At that time, the storm raged for a day and a night, and the cofferdams on the upper and lower reaches of the reservoir had just been built not long ago.This construction section is in charge of workers temporarily transferred from major prefectures outside Heyuan County. What should we do?To repair or not to rush?If you don't grab it, you will see your success fall short, and rushing to repair it means risking your life.grab!For the generation inspired by combat heroes and labor models, and for the era when the nobility of collectivism is far greater than that of individuals, there is only one choice between the two dilemmas.The work squad in charge of the cofferdam section was dispatched in full force, haunting the flood peak and huge waves, the masonry was broken, and it was repaired!The cofferdam has collapsed, hold it up!At this time, a disaster happened, a ferocious torrent rushed, and the young Xiao Qiang and Huang Shenrong were swept away because they couldn't dodge in time.The two flourishing lives will always be fixed on this day, and they will guard the towering dam that dedicated their regretless youth day and night. Lai Yan, the veteran of Xinfengjiang Reservoir, first told me that he graduated from Wuhan Huazhong Institute of Technology in 1956 with a major in power generation and distribution.It is no wonder that he has a relationship with the Xinfengjiang Hydropower Plant. Soon after, a classmate told him that a new large-scale hydropower plant was built in Heyuan Mountain, but it was very difficult. He asked him if he wanted to go.Without any hesitation, he came right away. "After I entered the factory, I found that Xinfengjiang was more difficult than I expected. In the beginning, Xinfengjiang had only one mountain road connected to the old county town of Heyuan. When encountering emergency repair tasks, even in the middle of the night, you can only rely on two legs, and you are often covered in mud on rainy days and soil on sunny days." "Because of the great ambition of sacrifice, dare to change the sun and the moon into a new sky."In the years when the will of a person was greater than the sky, the chant of the great leader was the spiritual food that inspired them to work hard. There are no bulldozers or excavators. The Xinfengjiang Dam is a large project that is dug by hand and carried on shoulders. "Hydropower construction has three kinds of hardships, air drilling produces slag concrete; hydropower construction has three treasures, soil skip, crowbar and cross pick." These are the words that old electricians like Lai Yanxian often talk about when they recall the difficult years.Looking at the battle 50 years ago with the current construction conditions, the Xinfengjiang Reservoir is simply an impossible task.Apart from generators, mechanical tools are few and far between.Yes, there are pairs of rough hands and iron shoulders.I have seen photos of the working scenes in the dam museum at the Xinfengjiang Hydropower Station. It is hard not to be moved by those resolute faces and crumbling bodies under heavy loads: on the hillside path made of mud, a row of pickers workers walking in file.Standing in the front row was a female worker, who was carrying two large baskets of mud on her left shoulder. The heavy object pressed her shoulder low, and she slanted to one side with great force.She gritted her teeth and walked carefully, but managed to squeeze out a smile, holding the sling on the shoulder pole tightly with her big rough hands.The back of the hand was tense, the five fingers were curled up, and the raised blood veins were faintly visible.I can finally be sure that a giant dam was built by relying on these tens of thousands of hands and tens of thousands of shoulders! Under the "Yapo Mountain" is the battlefield, and the two sides of the struggle are 30,000 soldiers and civilians and a rebellious anger.Relying on the "Human Sea Tactic" and relying on the iron will, all the soldiers fought fiercely, the battlefield was constantly boiling, the dam was growing day by day, and the river was rising day by day.When the energy of 30,000 people gathered at the moment of "drawing the knife and cutting off the water", that angry stream could only bow its proud head. In October 1959, the dam was completed.The dam is 105 meters high, 440 meters long at the top, 102 meters wide at the bottom, and 5 meters wide at the top.The dam connects the Yapo Mountain and Canyon, which are far away from each other, forming a domineering situation where one man guards the gate and ten thousand men cannot open it.Behind him, the mighty Xinfeng River was cut off in the middle, and the water grew higher and higher, submerged the flat land and the mountain tops, and gradually turned into a giant mirror.In the mirror, there are clear water and blue sky, green mountains and beautiful waters, and the fragrance of birds and flowers. The Xinfengjiang Reservoir is like a cornucopia, surrounding a fairyland of Taoyuan. This is a generous gift from the people of Heyuan to the 10th anniversary of the Republic! In one year and three months, they created a great legend! In 1944, Zhang Ailing wrote in her first collection of novels: This book is intended to "find ordinary people in legends, and find legends in ordinary people".In this sense, the Xinfengjiang Dam is not a legend—is man small or great?When you stand in front of the "giant ax" that cut off the Xinfeng River, you will lament how insignificant human beings are; when you think that this dam that makes you feel ashamed was built by pairs of tiny hands You will feel how great they are. No, this is just the starting point of the legend. Heyuan has thus begun a history in which the city and the water complement each other and are entangled repeatedly. As soon as the dam was completed, the Xinfengjiang Reservoir couldn't wait to start storing water.In October of that year, it finally became the largest artificial lake in South China.Its total water area is 363.8 square kilometers, spanning some mountains, rivers and villages in Xinfeng, Longmen, Lianping and Heyuan counties, with a total rain collection area of ​​5734 square kilometers and a total storage capacity of 14.07 billion cubic meters. Bit 116 meters.Listing these data in detail is just to show that, based on the territory area of ​​4413 square kilometers in Heyuan County, a Xinfengjiang Reservoir has already accounted for one-tenth of the size of the whole county; It is the mountains and peaks that used to be high above.This can't help but make people sigh, how many fertile fields and houses have been buried at the bottom of the lake. A major function of Xinfengjiang Reservoir is flood control.The reservoir has a flood control capacity of 3.1 billion cubic meters. When a flood occurs in the middle and lower reaches of the Dongjiang River, as long as it cooperates with the surrounding reservoirs in time to control the flood and divert the water, the disaster can be avoided or reduced.The dam is designed according to the once-in-1,000-year flood, and the flood is checked, and the flood discharge capacity can stand the test of a catastrophe.During flood discharge, the three overflow hole gates on the top of the dam are opened at the same time, each hole is 15 meters wide and 10 meters high, and the maximum discharge flow is 3,800 cubic meters per second.Once the floods are raging, timely control can ensure the safety of the river source. In fact, it lived up to expectations. The Xinfengjiang Reservoir played its role perfectly in the catastrophic flood in 1966. At that time, a torrent roared from the upper reaches of the Dongjiang River. According to the Boluo Hydrological Station, the natural flood peak flow had reached 14,290 cubic meters per second, and Heyuan County was in danger.At the critical juncture, the Xinfengjiang Reservoir closed its gates in time for flood regulation, and only 320 cubic meters per second flowed out for power generation.When more than 10,000 cubic meters of "Water Demon Tyrannosaurus" were imprisoned in the reservoir, the flow of the Boluo flood peak dropped sharply, the embankment of the middle and lower reaches of the Dongjiang River was safe, and the source of the river escaped disaster.A crisis disappears invisible.However, if there is no Xinfengjiang Reservoir, the ending will be another situation. Ten years ago, in June 1959, a flood of the same size [according to the measured return flow of 12,800 cubic meters per second at the Boluo Hydrological Station] rushed to Heyuan. In desperation, he could only let the Flood Demon roar.After the disaster, an inventory of 25 flood control dikes in Huiyang, Boluo, and Dongguan counties, 20 of which overflowed or were washed away, affected an area of ​​1,422,300 mu of crops, and 43,000 houses were washed away. Parts of Boluo and Huizhou have become the country of Ze.If the merits of the Xinfengjiang Reservoir are to be engraved in history, one of the most convincing ones should be that since the completion of the reservoir, there has never been a flood in Heyuan County! From suffering to blessing, from disaster to luck, Xinfengjiang Reservoir is a witness of the legend of Heyuan Water.An expert from the Ministry of Water Resources once said emotionally that the Xinfengjiang Reservoir played an extremely important role in flood control and disaster reduction in previous flood disasters, saving more than 10 billion in economic losses in the middle and lower reaches of the Dongjiang River!Every day, looking westward from the city, the majestic dam is always standing like a private soldier diligently. People know that it is he who is sticking to the life defense line of Heyuan City, and it is he who makes the people's happiness and well-being possible. Assure. Another achievement of the Xinfengjiang Reservoir is power generation. The Xinfengjiang Power Plant is located on the left side in front of the dam, which is slightly dwarfed against the backdrop of the dam.The plant is 102.7 meters long, 19.6 meters wide, and 42 meters high. Four vertical-axis vertical hydroelectric generators are operated simultaneously, with a total installed capacity of 292,500 kilowatts and a designed annual power generation of 1.172 billion kilowatt-hours.On the day when the hydropower station was completed, Tao Zhuxin, the first secretary of the Central South Bureau of the CPC Central Committee at that time, ordered the pen to inscribe "Xinfengjiang Reservoir" on the dam.Now whether you drive or walk up to the Xinfengjiang Dam, these six magnificent characters can always catch your eyes immediately, which is breathtaking. On June 15, 1960, the first generator set of Xinfengjiang Power Plant began trial operation to generate electricity, with an installed capacity of 72,500 kilowatts. It was officially connected to the grid for power generation on October 25.It caused quite a stir, because it created the record for the shortest construction period of similar hydropower projects in China at that time.The following year, a second generator set of the same capacity started generating electricity.Soon thereafter, with the successive power generation of the third and fourth generating units, the total installed capacity of Xinfengjiang Power Plant reached an exciting 292,500 kilowatts.What kind of concept is this? In 1957, the year when Guangdong Province decided to build the Xinfengjiang Hydropower Plant, the total installed capacity of the power grid in Guangdong Province was only 90,000 kilowatts. Today, only one Xinfengjiang Hydropower Station has increased the province’s power generation capacity to three times that of 1957. So much!Taking 1960 as an example, the total installed capacity of the power grid in Guangdong Province in that year was 600,000 kilowatts. That is to say, half of the industrial and civil electricity supplied to Guangdong Province was delivered by the Xinfengjiang Hydropower Plant! Back then, there was such a catchphrase - "Stop a machine, lead the line, and it will be black." It was referring to Xinfengjiang Power Station, and its "status in the rivers and lakes" can be seen.Lai Yan, an old electrician, clearly remembers that during the Canton Fair one year, a unit here broke down and shut down. As a result, the power consumption of the Yangcheng Hotel in Guangzhou, a hundred miles away, was affected: a foreign guest was trapped in the elevator of the hotel for a long time. Can't get out.After this prelude, every time the Canton Fair is held, Heyuan Power Plant will receive orders to ensure the safe operation of the units. "But often the more you worry, the more accidents will happen. Since the unit was built during the 'Great Leap Forward' period in the late 1950s, limited by the technology and manufacturing conditions at that time, there were many defects in the unit, and the safety production situation was very unstable." The brilliance of Guangdong's power generation capacity of "half of the country" made the old electrician feel proud, but the backwardness of technology still made him worry about it. The return of Xinfengjiang Hydropower Station is far greater than the investment.From 1960 to 1987, the four generating units of the power station generated a total of 23.1 billion kilowatt-hours of electricity, with an output value of 1.48 billion yuan, which is seven times the total project cost of the reservoir.Power generation increased by leaps and bounds after the end of the "Cultural Revolution". During the ten years from 1977 to 1987, the power generation was 9.5 billion kwh, and the average annual power generation was 950 million kwh. The highest power generation year was 1983, reaching 1.49 billion kwh.Electric power is continuously transmitted from Xinfengjiang to Guangzhou, Shantou, Huiyang and other regions. Whether it is industrial and agricultural production, or urban and rural lighting for thousands of households, the contribution of Xinfengjiang Power Station is the greatest contribution—the 1960s and 1970s , Xinfengjiang Power Station is the backbone power station of Guangdong Power Grid, which undertakes the crucial task of base load power generation! However, no matter how brilliant the feat is, it will eventually come to an end.After entering the 1980s, with the continuous development of Guangdong's electric power industry and the further development of nuclear power energy, Xinfengjiang Power Station gradually retreated to the second line.No longer in charge of base-load power generation, but instead undertake the tasks of peak regulation, frequency regulation, emergency backup and load backup of the province's power grid, becoming the main hydropower station for peak regulation and frequency regulation of Guangdong power grid.Even so, no one will forget its outstanding achievements in "half of the country". In order to teach children to drink water and think of the source, the Xinfengjiang Hydropower Station was written into the primary school textbooks of Guangdong Province and became an immortal monument in the hearts of the Guangdong people. From drinking blood to treasures and treasures, from the ignorant and dark prehistoric period to today's rapid development of high-tech, the birth and development of human civilization have always been marked by the control of nature.When the rampant beasts forced human beings to have nowhere to hide, Prometheus in the west stole fire from heaven, and Suiren in the east taught the people to make fire by drilling wood, and the flames illuminated the darkness before the advent of human civilization; when the flood came When the catastrophe was about to bring human beings into a catastrophe, Noah in the west led the animals to hide in a big ship, and Dayu in the east opened up mountains and divided mountains to release floods, revealing patches of fertile soil, and humans have a habitat from then on.It can be seen that the progress of human beings is indeed based on some kind of conquest of nature. Dams and reservoirs are the testimony of this theory-Xinfeng River is another perfect footnote.It curbs the torrent, benefits the common people, promotes advantages and eliminates disadvantages, and turns waste into treasure. The long years are quietly flowing, and the source of the river watered by the Xinfeng River is becoming more and more charming. If you think that nature is like a lamb, you are wrong.Marx once said: "If civilization is not consciously developed but forcibly developed, then what is left to itself is a desert." Engels said more directly: "We should not be too intoxicated with our victory over nature. For every such victory, nature has its revenge on us." With the development of modern society, human beings' awareness of environmental protection and the concept of ecological civilization have reached unprecedented heights. The people of Heyuan, who were still immersed in the joy of the completion of the dam, never imagined that nature's revenge would come so swiftly and unexpectedly. In November 1959, the next month after the reservoir began to store water, an induced rapid-response earthquake occurred in the Heyuan area.The inducer is Xinfengjiang Reservoir.Although the magnitude of the earthquake was relatively light and would not cause casualties to humans or animals, people were terrified for a while.Because the destructive power of this kind of reservoir-induced earthquake is extremely strong, it can not only lead to the destruction of houses and personal injury, but the consequences once the dam bursts will be unimaginable-the storage of tens of billion cubic meters of water is enough to submerge the middle and lower reaches of the Dongjiang River! Sure enough, people's worries are not unreasonable, this is just a harbinger of the coming main shock. As the water level of the Xinfengjiang Reservoir continued to rise, seismic activity intensified accordingly. In May 1960, when the water level reached 81 meters, 3 to 4 seismic activities were detected, with a surface wave magnitude of 3.1; on July 18 of the same year, when the water level reached 90 meters, a seismic activity with a surface wave magnitude of 4.3 occurred , the epicentral intensity has reached 5 degrees. Some people have weak mental capacity and prepare to relocate with their families; some earthquake workers can't sit still, but they are helpless.The situation was reported to the central leadership level by level. In view of the critical situation of the earthquake, which was related to the lives of millions of people in the lower reaches of the Dongjiang River, Premier Zhou personally instructed: Take measures to solve it as soon as possible!In fact, the induced earthquake was not unexpected when the reservoir was built. At that time, according to the historical data of four felt earthquakes in Xinfengjiang, the basic seismic intensity standard of the dam site was determined to be 6 degrees.However, there is no precedent for such a thing in the Republic, and the vast number of water conservancy experts and earthquake workers are working day and night to tackle the problem.The situation is imminent, people in Heyuan are in panic, and the mountain and rain are about to come. The big earthquake is still coming. At 04:00 on March 19, 1962, when the water level of the reservoir was close to the 110.5-meter-high reservoir peak, a magnitude 6.1 earthquake was induced.The epicenter was 1 km downstream of the dam, the depth of the epicenter was 5 km, and the epicenter intensity was about 8 degrees.The earthquake produced 82-meter-long upstream and downstream penetrating cracks near the 108-meter elevation of No. 13-18 dam sections. Discontinuous horizontal cracks also appeared near the same elevation at No. 2, 5, and 10 dam sections.Fortunately, the dam was unharmed. But the earthquake still brought huge losses.According to the memories of the old people who experienced it, when the earthquake came, there was a roar, the mountains shook and the ground shook, and the sky was dark for a while.85 people were killed or injured instantly, more than 1,800 houses collapsed, 10,500 houses were severely damaged, and 13,400 houses were damaged.Near the reservoir, the hydropower plant and high-voltage substation suffered severe damage, and the power plant was scrapped.The most shocking thing is that a pair of stone lions weighing 3,500 kilograms in front of the leather factory in Heyuan County have their bases rotated 11° counterclockwise! The 3,500-kilogram stone lion is still like this, how can people be embarrassed.Looking back at the situation at that time decades later, it still makes people feel scared. Earthquake activity peaked on March 19, 1962 and weakened year by year, but aftershocks were strong and struck frequently.The central and provincial committees issued death orders to ensure the safety of the people at all costs, and first strengthen the dam against earthquakes.Approved by the Ministry of Water Resources, starting from November 1962, the national special construction team has carried out two phases of reinforcement of the dam, among which the seismic fortification standard is 6.5, and the seismic standard is 9.5, and the construction and reinforcement are carried out according to the combination of load conditions at a water level of 116 meters. .In addition, every effort was made to enhance the longitudinal stability of each dam pier and the anti-sliding ability of the dam heel stress, and a flood discharge tunnel with an inner diameter of 10 meters and a total length of 808 meters was added. In 1965, the construction task was completed, and the seismic capacity of the reservoir was greatly improved. Even if the earth shakes again, the Xinfengjiang Reservoir will remain motionless. Even so, reinforced dams cannot appease nature's wrath.By the end of 1964, more than 180,000 microseisms had been recorded near the Xinfengjiang Dam, and in the following 22 years, there were an additional 120,000 earthquakes, of which 13,000 were greater than 2 degrees.Although tremors continued, the impact was not large, and people gradually calmed down. The water legend of Heyuan has come to this point, which shows that man has lost a bit in the game with nature.In the process of transforming the natural flow of Xinfeng River, people gained power generation benefits, but they were also punished.Although the power station has created wealth for Guangdong and the country, the cost of life paid by Heyuan cannot be compensated by wealth, and the Xinfengjiang Reservoir has a tragic color.Whether human beings should obey nature or tame nature, this ancient proposition echoes repeatedly in people's minds.The so-called legend has had joys and sorrows. Heyuan has experienced the power of nature and found the answer to the proposition with blood lessons: human beings should obey nature.However, this does not mean blind obedience, just like the great flood is also a natural cleansing, but human beings cannot sit still.How to find a balance point, from the second day after the earthquake, the people of Heyuan have been tirelessly and carefully looking for it. 47 years later, when Chen Jianhua, secretary of the Heyuan Municipal Party Committee, said that "human beings should obey nature", he used a tone of confidence after finding a balance, a tone of equality between man and nature.On the chessboard of the game between human beings and nature, lessons learned time after time have made today's leaders more mature. Their way of thinking is no longer forced to change nature, but to look for a new model, how to develop and utilize the existing To make it more in line with the laws of natural ecology to serve people, they have their own gullies in their chests. The struggle with nature has come to an end, the water in the Xinfeng River is flowing quietly again, she is still so sweet and cold, and the dam guarding her is still so lofty and towering, this is no longer the fledgling scorching sun, It is a kind of calm demeanor that has been in the sea. The 50 years have been like a rock, stormy, people come and go, joy, anger, sorrow and joy. The wrath of heaven subsides, but the wrath of man grows day by day.With the glorious completion of the dam and reservoir, a thorny issue lies in front of the Heyuan government: how to resettle the immigrants who migrated for the construction of the reservoir.Compared with the earthquake problem, this is a long-term problem that burns nerves and consumes people's energy and energy. It is simply a huge net with countless clues but no clue.In any case, just face it.The water legend in Heyuan has experienced a history of victories and lessons, and now it is a history of bitterness.Heyuan people have made great sacrifices and dedications for Xinfengjiang Reservoir! Throughout the ages, countless poets and poets have recited poems and essays around the water conservancy project, turning the rivers, lakes and seas into a joyful ode to the harmony of the political people and the piano, but few people think of those Limin people who left their homes to go to the country to complete the project.We remember the Dujiangyan where Li Bing and his son made great achievements for thousands of years, but we can’t remember the hardships of thousands of families along the Minjiang River to relieve the dam’s destruction;功绩，那些挖淤泥的杭州百姓的不幸只是苏堤的注脚而已。或许历史偏爱“一将功成万骨枯”的英雄叙事，可是对于为了新丰江水库举家搬迁的万千移民，他们的辛酸血泪和无疆大爱需要青史和我们每一个人的铭记。 1958年，河源县城附近居民接到通知，库区600平方公里范围内，凡在水位120米高程以下的民房建筑、猪牛栏、厕所和树木、竹子、果树及坟墓等物体，要在1959年蓄水发电前，全部清除干净和消毒。接到通知，河源移民纵使万般无奈却也体谅国家的建设需要一切为了水库！一切为了发电！ 而早在1956年水库建设规划之时，中共广东省委、省人委根据水文资料确定，凡集雨汇入库内的新丰、连平、龙门、河源四县隶属的山地、乡村、河流等，均为新丰江水库区域，归属河源县管辖。初步预计，水库将淹没河源县、新丰县管辖的乡村区域，和部分属于连平、龙门县管辖区域。河源县全淹区包括回龙、南湖、锡场和半江林场4个人民公社，半淹区和部分淹区有涧头、双江、顺天、灯塔、船塘等公社的部分村庄。共计淹没11个大小圩镇，389个村庄，需要外迁2.56万户人家，共10.64万人。 命令下来，势如山倒。5月，广东省人民政府成立广东省新丰江清理水库工作委员会。6月，省、地、县三级抽调人员组成新丰江清理水库工作委员会办公室，统一指挥。以下，县成立河源县移民安置委员会，库区各社亦以民兵、公安、青年、妇女为搭配组成“移民清库领导小组”。 9月，开始清库。时值大跃进最红火的时期，清库行动按照军事建制形式，依据各级清库机构领导，全县一盘棋，一切行动听指挥。其中，以社、队为单位，以营、连、排、班和战斗小组为建制，实行“三化”、“三结合”、“四统一”和“七固定”、“七先后”的方法。具体包括： “三化”——行动军事化、作风战斗化、生活集体化。 “三结合”——清库与夺当年农业丰收相结合、清库与副业生产相结合、清库与拆房材料及时运往移民新村相结合。 “四统一”——统一计划、统一工作、统一出勤、统一收工休息。 “七固定”——定领导、定劳动、定战区、定任务、定质量、定时间完成、定评比奖励。 “七先后”——先清干部后清群众、先清河边后清山、先砍大树后砍小树、先清低后清高、先清远后清近、先拆毁石灰墙屋后拆毁泥砖屋、先清难后清易。 战斗队各就各位，任务清晰，目标明确，一场大战拉开序幕。1958年秋收后，河源各人民公社、农业大队抽调70%以上劳动力投入清库，每天出勤2万人。 清库过程包括拆除、焚烧、砍伐、消毒四个步骤。拆除房屋，一律拆除至地面50厘米，拆下木材全部运出库外；不能运走的旧房屋废料以及118米高程以下的草木，一律进行焚烧；砍伐竹木，残头不应高于地面30厘米，木材由林业部和商业部进行收购；对猪牛栏和厕所放火焚烧，旋即加石灰消毒。 此时，一个意想不到的困难出现了，如何处理先人的坟墓让村民左右为难。按照清库的要求，坟墓应该在各家迁走后放火焚烧并加石灰消毒。但这是祖祖辈辈耕作的地方，祖先都葬在此处，对墓地如此暴风骤雨般地迁移让人感情上难以接受。最后，政府出面用经济补偿的方法解决：坟墓迁移消毒每个地面金2元，5年以上的坟墓每座补助2.5元，5年以内的补助5元。 然而，“大跃进”时期的肃杀之气还是让清库运动变得有些不近情理。几个大队干部见老百姓处境太艰辛，说了几句牢骚话，立即被打成现行反革命投入监狱，罪名是“拖群众后腿”。是啊，谁愿意拖群众后腿呢？这里可是他们世代繁衍、生生不息的土地啊，让他们迁走，就如同将他们连根拔起。在库区人民的心中，一砖一瓦是如此的亲切，如同亲人般不离不弃；一草一木是如此的可爱，早已和他们的日常生活融为一体。“离开这里，叫我死后葬往何处？！”一位古稀老人的愤懑之言，道出了库区人民和此处山川相依为命的血脉深情。 如果说以“重新安排河山”的豪迈气概一举攻克林县缺水难题的红旗渠象征着新中国战天斗地、百折不挠的顽强生命力的话，如果说依靠自己的力量设计施工建造的“中国第一桥”南京长江大桥代表了国人在建国后自力更生、开拓进取的发展要求的话，那么，10万名祖祖辈辈世居于此的村民恋恋不舍地抛弃祖业抛弃良田拖家带口四处奔走居无定所忍饥挨饿却又无怨无悔对国家给予了极大的理解的新丰江水库，则代表了另一种精神的难度——“舍了小家为着大家”——这就是奉献！ 1959年5月，清库结束，历时9个月。据调查统计，在清库运动中，共拆除房屋18.45万间，猪牛栏、厕所4.22万间；清除坟墓13.95万座；清山20.81万亩，砍树10.71万立方米，总投工450万个工作日，耗费86.7万元。另外，清除活动虽告一段落，但堆积如山的物资仍待搬迁，包括：房屋的旧木料7.85万吨，农具4.19万吨，口粮1万吨，牲畜0.03万吨，重中之重是，需运载老少人口3.77万人。 要往何处运送呢？清库运动结束，接下来要解决的是库区人民的安置问题。 移民安置工作涉及面广、难度很大，必须在广东省委、省人委的统一下有领导、有组织、有计划、有步骤地分期分批进行。1958年，新丰江库区第一个移民方案下达：埔前、东埔、县城、义合、兰口、曾田、船塘、灯塔和库内9个人民公社居民安置河源县，共计15680户，67930人。附城、新作塘、柏塘、石凹农场、长宁、麻陂、小金农场等7地居民安置博罗县，共2592户10860人。梁化、稔山、平山3地1027户5126人安置惠阳。凡口、曲江、乳源三地对口安置韶关铅锌矿、煤矿和林区，共2612户10395人；安置新丰县1891户8433人，安置连平县805户3693人。全部合计24787户106437人。 就这样，为了水库，10万人的人生轨迹发生了剧烈的变化。有人拖家带口、有人担粮背桌，有人一步三回头，有人骂骂咧咧心生怒气…… 首先要解决的是住房问题。河源是安置移民数量最多的县份，1958年河源县人民委员会制定出《河源县第一批移民基建初步方案》，规定移民人口每人平均建房14平方米，其中住房11.5平方米，厨房0.2平方米，食堂0.56平方米，厕所0.15平方米，仓库0.2平方米，冲凉房0.28平方米，猪牛栏0.2平方米，学校0.81平方米，俱乐部0.1平方米，除住房外，余下所属的附属工程一律采取集体共用。按此推算，为了安置6.739万移民，河源应建住房面积78.1万平方米，附属工程面积16.9万平方米，总共面积95.1万平方米。 每个年代都有每个年代的气质，身处大时代的个人无可避免的烙上时代的命运。而在1959年，从上到下的氛围就是“大跃进”。在漫天的卫星，遍地的报喜声中，河源也不甘落后。1959年9月23日，河源县喊出“苦战100天，坚决完成移民建房任务”的口号，提出四项“紧急措施”：一、层层下达建房备料任务；二、增加基建劳动力，全县集结1.8万人，其中移民1.5万，安置区民工0.3万；三、抽调技术工150个，技术工带徒弟1150人，再搭配缺乏泥水工经验的村民3196人；四、开展劳动竞赛。任务下达，建房工作快马加鞭。 “大跃进”建起来的房子质量可想而知。百天之后，6万多移民进住新房。不久群众纷纷反映住房裂缝多，漏水严重，无法入住，甚至有的房子还摇摇欲坠。其实，这一切恶果都源于不依照事物发展的规律办事。在“左”倾思潮影响下，领导一味想“放卫星”，有的地方不到10天搭起一栋房子，“放”出来的房子怎么可能不是危房？除此之外，地方领导简单粗暴的工作思路也脱离了群众生产、生活的实际。按照政府安排，农民群众和城市居民分配到了同样构造的房子里，城市居民尚可接受，农民反倒不答应了，因为他们发现，新入住的房子里没有养猪、养鸡的地方，柴草什物也无法堆放！面对移民的纷纷怨言，河源县委不得已只好对一部分房子进行拆迁维修。 此时又节外生枝。1959年，惠阳地区撤销，原属惠阳地区的河源县划给韶关地区管辖。按照先前的方案，河源县策略是“多移少留”，尽可能多地将库区居民迁往惠阳县。由于此时韶关地委正值大炼钢铁的狂热时期，为保留劳动力，“多移少留”方案被紧急改成“多留少移”的第二套方案：原先准备迁往惠阳县的1207户5126人，全部留河源安置。如此一来，好容易安置好了6万人，如今又要大动干戈。事实上，被淹没了大量土地的河源已经没有能力再消化这5千余居民。最后采取的折中方案是：三地分流，部分迁往韶关，部分迁往惠阳，部分留在河源。 尽管诸事不顺，移民最终还是安顿了下来。从1958年冬至1970年底，河源县先后组织了三次库区移民工作，共安置居民16519户67930人。迁徙过程中，移民方案多变、运输车船匮乏的缺陷给移民群众带来了极大的损失，有的家具没有运完，有的家畜在途中遗失，还有的村民多次搬迁，怨声载道，农具家畜等财物已经顾不上打理。据当时移民部门统计，河源移民总共丢失农具1.43万件，耕牛死亡1056头，共计价值3670余万元。 “不说别的，移民的老人过世后，下葬的墓地都难找到。”东源县锡场镇一位村支书忿忿地说。 河源的水传奇，拨开那些光鲜华丽的颂词，也有灰暗辛酸的一面，城与水的纠结和折磨在这一刻展现得触目惊心。 一个更出乎意料却又在情理之中的事情发生了！由于对故土的眷恋，由于对新生活境况的不满，移民出现了“倒流”风潮。1959年2月到1973年9月的14年间，河源县的各安置区出现了7次大规模的倒流回库风潮，人数达1.2万之多，占了总移民人口的十分之一。“逼退”移民的无非还是那几个因素：住房紧缺、耕地不足、交通不便、医疗不保，以及移民子女入学困难等等。可是对那些欲求不多的农民来说，这些因素加起来，已经就是生活的全部。 发生在东源县锡场镇小学的一个真实情况是，整个学校加起来，只有17个学生，1名老师。移民生活资源之短缺由此可见。 回去并不意味着幸福。倒流回库现象恶化了库区的生活和生产秩序，回流的群众为了生活，搭木棚、盖茅舍，乱砍山林，甚至与原库内安置的居民争耕地，抢山林，库区生活日显混乱，从前和睦的邻里如今怒目相向。纵然如此，千难万阻也挡不了移民“返乡”的决心——河源市移民办主任黄谷新告诉过我们这样一个心酸故事：有移民在库区生活多年，常年蓬头垢面，头发长如“飞流直下三千尺”。慰问移民的干部看见了心生诧异，问为什么不理发，他说：“理不起，太贵。理一次得几十块钱。”干部不信，男子就算给他听：搭船从库区出来要多少钱，到镇上要多少钱，理发要多少钱，回家的路费要多少钱…… 对回流现象和移民安置后出现的问题，广东省和河源县的党政领导极为重视。1962年至1965年，省政府和县政府从各部门抽调了一批领导干部，专门解决移民安置的问题：深入库区进行慰问，派出医疗队常驻库区，多次发放医疗、生活、生产救济款，组织临时学校……党和国家始终没有忘记这些移民，一直在致力寻求解决之道。1961年，迁往韶关天井山林场的上百位新港乌洞移民倒流回来，在山腰搭棚住下，缺粮缺油，水肿病非常严重。为躲避追逼而来的韶关干部，他们终日东躲西藏，既不敢进城干活，亦不敢投亲靠友。时任县领导张东明和陈娘恩知道这种情况，连夜带两船物资前往慰问，移民办干部亦到20里外的双田粮站借回15担谷，分与众人…… 党和国家始终念念不忘为移民寻找一条安居乐业的出路，纵使这样的念头在那个“左”倾路线和乱动的极端年月，是如此的奢侈…… 1958年至1987年的20多年间，党和国家为新丰江水库移民做了大量的安置工作。到1987年止，国家总共下拨移民经费8449万元，移民群众的住宅问题基本得到解决，耕地生产得到了恢复，生活水平有了较大的提高，公共设施配套基本完善—— 住宅方面：人均住房面积达到了6.3平方米，“三代同房”、“全家一室”的现象已经解决； 土地安排：人均水田0.43亩，人均旱地0.16亩，人均山地1.28亩，做到了人人有田可耕、有地可种、有山可依； 生产发展：改消极补偿为积极创业，变救济生活为扶助生产，开荒造田，开发渔业，移民人均收入达到了全省山区县人均收入水平； 公共设施：修路、架桥、自来水、交通船，“楼上楼下，电灯电话”，生活福利水涨船高。 1993年，时任中共中央政治局委员、广东省委书记谢非到东源县涧头镇考察慰问移民新村，百姓日渐提高的生活水平让他非常振奋，谢书记动情说道：“新丰江水库为珠三角和广东的发展做出了巨大贡献，库区人民做出了巨大牺牲！”围在一圈的村民听了，掌声雷动。国家念兹在兹，百姓自然心生暖意。 城与水的传奇纠缠至此，千般滋味，涌上心间。国家发展水库的战略需要驱动了时代的巨轮，在一念之间，数以十万计移民的人生之路发生了极大的转向。在个体渺小的时代，他们无法掌握自己的命运，于是在国家机器的带领下，重新走上了筚路蓝缕的复兴之路。也许，当他们看到如今玉液琼浆般的万绿湖时，他们的牺牲会得以告慰，也许，当他们看到下一代在青山秀水间肆意奔跑时，他们胸中的块垒将得以释怀。 然而在强调责任和义务应该对等的当下，在以人为本、关注民生的执政理念日益彰显的今天，我们对库区移民、对河源的老百姓为广东省最大水质最好的水库数十年来的付出给予相对合理的补偿，是应该提到议事日程上了。改革开放31年来，广东经济的快速发展以及人口的迅速增长，使得用水量暴增，加之现代生活造成水资源的水质性污染，使得这个中国水资源大省也倍感用水紧张。珠三角地区对优质水资源有强烈的需求，因而水权改革的必要性和紧迫性成了十分现实的问题，新丰江水库的初始水权、水权再分配、水库水权价值以及确认河源市对水资源有使用权、可交易权、收益权等，对加快山区特别是库区移民脱贫致富的步伐，促进全省区域经济社会协调发展和探索建立东江上下游生态补偿机制具有重要的意义。 游船行驶荡漾在万绿湖的碧波上，晴空如洗，豁然开朗，仿佛徜徉一片绿油油的海洋。不时划过一座座湖中绿岛，那是当年的巍峨叠嶂，如今偶露峥嵘，静卧水中央。转瞬50年过去，逝者如斯夫不舍昼夜，然客家古邑，万绿河源清新依旧。当年它的建造者已经渐渐老去，身边又聚集了新的建设者；最初的移民也告别了流离失所的动荡年月，新生活红红火火地开展起来。斗转星移，万绿湖看着身边的人来了又走，始终用她那一池玉液琼浆滋润着东江两岸的万千黎民。 1988年，河源废县置市；1994年，新丰江水库改名万绿湖。从此，一个全新时代正悄然来临。 河源别名槎城，是东江河畔一座山清水秀的小城。其名据说还有来历，城市三面环水——东江自北向南流经城中，新丰江从西向东绕城而过，两江又东面交汇——乍一看，恰如一只木筏浮于水面。 又河又源，自然与水分不开。河源市位于粤东北山区与珠江三角洲平原地区的接合部，属山地丘陵地区，山岭与盆地相间，境内地势由东北向西南倾斜，东江、新丰江纵贯全境。因山地过多，地势偏远，河源并不适合发展工业，但也因此占了一个得天独厚的优势——依山傍水，拥有丰富的水资源。 在河源境内，集雨面积达100平方公里以上的河流有47条之多，其中最大的河流东江——在河源境内流程为256公里，流域面积达13794平方公里，占整个东江流域的51%。因此河源人拥有让人羡慕的人均水资源占有量，高达5400立方米，约为全国、全省人均水资源拥有量的2倍。更何况，他们还拥有华南地区最大水库——新丰江水库——因其四季皆绿、终年清澈，又名“万绿湖”。 人类环境风云突变的世纪之交，万绿湖成了广东水资源惟一的奇迹！ 2009年7月，南方日报与广东省人大常委会环资委、南粤环保世纪行委员会联合对广东江河水进行了为期4个多月的实地调查，并将调查结果以大型报道《广东江河水》的形式见报。该报道全面扫视了广东省江河水污染的情况，调查结果显示，广东河流的污染情况不容乐观，粗放型的发展模式严重损害了南粤的母亲河。如果不尽快将江河治理与保护纳入科学发展体系的话，污染势必有恶化的危险，那时再来治理早已病入膏肓难以挽救。 《广东江河水》是一组大气而扎实的新闻报道，广东水污染情况简直可以用触目惊心来形容，且看报道展示： 珠江：《珠江口之殇》——随着地处珠江口的虎门成长为世界级制造中心，珠江口海域却成为我省污染最严重的海域，鱼虾减少，数万渔民面临生存困境；一个70多万人口的小镇云集电镀、染织等重污染企业，环卫工人却屈指可数，重金属污水裹挟大量垃圾、生活污水直排珠江口；受困污染之痛，省市行动投巨资铁腕治污，但专家警示，仅靠“运动式”整改难以“长治久安”，持久计划与出色执行力是关键…… 西江：《每年接纳污水逾30亿吨西江之患由缓变疾》——西江是我国第二大内河航道，还是粤澳最重要的淡水供应源，堪称“生命水道”。它每年却接纳污水超过30亿吨，深受交通运输污染、盗沙、水量减少、咸潮之苦；西江支流独水河，距广州西江引水工程取水口几公里之遥，因污染最终被迫改道重填；而珠三角部分产业正加速向西江上游转移，给西江上游水质带来隐忧，行政区域限制增加了治污的难度…… 东江：《亟待拯救的东江源》——“为了保护东江，我们牺牲了自己的运河。”今年6月底，东莞市市长李毓全对来访的香港环境局局长邱腾华说道。东莞东城樟村附近也能看到这样的情景：一街之隔，泛着白色泡沫的乌黑运河与绿色的东江水形成鲜明对比，暴雨后运河水涨时，污水直冲入东江，威胁本已脆弱的东江水；而不向东江排水的后果是，漫过堤坝的大水已多次造成城市内涝…… 北江：《重金属之患不能承受之重》——韶关的武水桥下，北江上游江水碧波荡漾，婀娜的水草群舞；中游支流横石河，河水呈强酸性，即使稀释一万倍，水生物也难在其间存活24小时；下游地区的清远石角镇，铜产业带来的污染，造成附近河底沉积物中铊含量严重超标…… 练江：《被人为污染毒死的母亲河》——不能游泳的练江是什么样？散发着臭味的江水上泛着白沫，水面上漂着大量垃圾，塑料袋、水果皮、饮料罐，还有各种动物的尸体。江两岸堆满生活垃圾