Chapter 21 Chapter 20: The Water of the Qingjiang River under the Yugu Terrace——Jiangnan Flood Control

Ganzhou "gazes Baiyue in the south and looks at Zhongzhou in the north". According to the important meeting of Wuling, it is the hub of Jiangxi, Guangdong, Fujian and Hunan, and it is the hub connecting the border of Fujian and Guangdong in the ancient Central Plains.In the process of the Hakka ancestors' migration to the south, southern Jiangxi accepted the Han immigrants from the Central Plains earlier, and became one of the earliest major settlements of the Hakka people and one of the important birthplaces of the Hakka ethnic group. In the Zhanggong District of Ganzhou City, two major rivers, the Zhangjiang River and the Gongshui River, converge here, and they are called "Ganjiang River" later. "Ganzhou" got its name

834 years ago, Xin Qiji took up the post of Jiangxi Tidian Prison in Ganzhou.In the same year, he wrote the poem "generosity and incomparable generosity". Yugu Terrace is located on Helan Mountain in the northwest of Zhanggong District, Ganzhou City, Jiangxi Province. The date of its construction cannot be verified, and it has a history of at least 1,200 years.According to the "Gan County Chronicles" of Tongzhi in the Qing Dynasty: "Yu Gutai, in Wenbi Mountain, is named Helan Mountain. , and said with emotion: "Although Yu is not as good as Zimou, his heart is in Wei Que. How can Yu Gu be named?" The plaque is changed to Wang Que." In the seventeenth year of Shaoxing in Song Dynasty [AD 1147] it was still named Yu Gutai , and built Wangque Terrace in Taipei.Later, Yugutai was abolished many times.It was rebuilt in the ninth year of Tongzhi in the Qing Dynasty [AD 1870]. Restoration in 1959. In June 1983, it was rebuilt on the original site roughly according to the pattern of the Qing Dynasty. It was completed in September of the following year. It has three floors, a height of 17 meters, and an area of ​​300 square meters.Together with the city wall of the Southern Song Dynasty, the ancient pontoon bridge of the Song Dynasty, and Bajingtai, it is the main historical site in Ganzhou, all of which are on the banks of the Zhang and Gong rivers.

For more than 800 years, people have sung a lot of praises for Xin Qiji's poem "crossing heaven and earth, sweeping away the sky forever".Those who visited Yugu Terrace and left their poems include Huang Tingjian, the founder of the "Jiangxi Poetry School" in the Song Dynasty, Liu Kezhuang and Dai Gugu of the Jianghu Poetry School, Kang Yuzhi, a court poet, Liu Song, Li Mengyang, Xie Zhen, a poet of the Ming Dynasty, and Wang Yangming, a philosopher. Drama master Tang Xianzu, famous poets Wang Shizhen and Zhu Yizun of the Qing Dynasty, etc. In the first year of Shaosheng in the Northern Song Dynasty [AD 1094], Su Dongpo stayed in Ganzhou on the way to be relegated to Lingnan, facing the scene of "breaking the Zhanggong River and sharing the scenery of Kongtong Mountain", he wrote "Crossing Qianzhou Dengyu Gutai":

In the tenth year of Xianchun in the Southern Song Dynasty (1274 A.D.), Wen Tianxiang was appointed as the magistrate of Ganzhou, and when he visited Yugutai, he felt worried about the country and the people: Among the many poems chanting Yu Gutai, Xin Ci is naturally the most famous. "Qingjiang water under Yugutai", the pen begins horizontally.Depressed people are lush and gloomy; lonely people are majestic and independent. The three characters "Yu Gutai" protrude across the face, standing alone.Full of majestic fury, it would not be able to contain its momentum without such an abrupt pen.And then there is the Qingjiang water under the stage: "The Ganshui River entered Wan'an, and it fell flat and wide at the beginning, rushing and rushing." ["Wan'an County Chronicle"] A torrent of a river hits directly from Yugu Terrace, which is more than a hundred miles away. Stoma.The stoma, the place where the Empress Dowager Longyou was chased back then, the Jianyan country was in danger, and it ran all over the world, from the Central Plains to the Jianghuai and Jiangnan. I really don’t know how many passers-by cried.Longyou was chased to the stoma, which is a symbol of the crisis of life and death.

On this late spring evening, Xin Qiji is accompanied by only the lonely and desolate partridge in the remote mountains, except for the sad reminiscence of the country's crisis in the past years. Walk along the complete ancient city wall and climb to Yugu Terrace, which is the highest place in Ganzhou City.In the city, the streets are vertical and horizontal, and the buildings are row upon row, all under your feet; outside the city, the mountains are winding, from thick to light, sticking to the sky.The two waters of Zhanggong meander from the southwest and southeast respectively, and flow around the city. They merge into the Ganjiang River under Yugutai, hidden in the vast mist, and flow northeast into Poyang Lake in northern Jiangxi, and then into the Yangtze River. into the sea.

Leaning on the railing, you can see the Zhangjiang River on the left and the Gongjiang River on the right.The wall still exists, the poems will always exist, and the river still flows, but the war and displacement have long since disappeared.The mountains are peaceful, and the fishing boat sings late. If the poet is there, what kind of singing will he make? 800 years have passed, Yugutai has been abandoned several times, and Xin Qiji's dignified figure leaning on the railing seems to be still lingering on the stage.Is he still looking down at the river?Are you still listening to the cry of the partridge in the mountain on the other side, "I can't do it, brother"?Under the blue sky, the eaves of Yugutai are raised high, still proud, tall and straight, with awe-inspiring character.

Xin Qiji, who prided himself on integrity and merit throughout his life, was repeatedly abandoned by the court. His words were carved like swords and swords, soaked in blood and tears, and occupied a lofty position in the history of Chinese literature.The anguish of being full of enthusiasm but having nowhere to serve the country finally made him brilliant as a poet. Time flies, things are different, people are different, ancient and modern are the same, there will always be a deep sense of urgency. The heart of "pitiful countless mountains" and the sentiment of "Jiang Wan is mourning the rest" are the notes of the pulse of Chinese culture.The spirit of taking the world as our own responsibility is hunting in the river wind.

Xin Qiji may not have imagined that many years later, the river of clear water he mourned over would be borrowed by future generations to express a kind of wish, a kind of comfort. What kind of blood, tears and sweat have the people living in this place put in to survive and develop from generation to generation! Ganzhou is also known as Gannan. According to the upper reaches of the Ganjiang River, it is located in the junction zone of Wuyi Mountains, Nanling Mountains and Luoxiao Mountains. The terrain is high around and low in the middle.The topography is dominated by hills and mountains, accounting for 83% of the city's land area.There are 1,270 large and small rivers in the territory, with a river area of ​​144,900 hectares, a total length of 16,626.6 kilometers, a river density of 0.42 kilometers per square kilometer, and an annual average water resource of 33.57 billion cubic meters for many years. The province's per capita volume is 70% higher than the national per capita volume of 2,300 cubic meters, and it is basically a water-rich area.It belongs to the southern edge of the subtropics, showing a typical subtropical hilly and mountainous humid monsoon climate.There are four distinct seasons, sufficient light and heat, a long growing season, significant changes in temperature and temperature, abundant but uneven distribution of precipitation.It not only has the superior conditions for the development of large-scale agriculture, but also has drought, waterlogging, low temperature and other climatic factors that are unfavorable to agricultural production.

The spring is cloudy and rainy, and the cold and warm air flow frequently meet here, and the weather is erratic. Once the cold and warm air flow confronts each other violently, it will form disastrous weather such as thunderstorms, strong winds, hail, and heavy rainfall.According to statistics, the city's average rainy days are 55 days from March to May, with a total rainfall of 628 mm.Disastrous weather such as strong winds, hail, and rainstorms is 40 station times.The number of rainy days and torrential rains and the high frequency of disaster weather are the highest in all seasons throughout the year.In summer, it floods first and then droughts. The city's average rainfall in June is 254.3 mm, the highest in June 1968, as high as 534.2 mm, which is the highest monthly rainfall in the whole year, with an average of 17 rainstorms, and it is the main flood season in which floods are most likely to occur in the city. From July to September, controlled by the western Pacific subtropical high pressure or continental high pressure, it is mostly continuous sunny and hot weather with high temperature and large evaporation. Every year, there are different degrees of drought, and some years even do not see a single rain for dozens of consecutive days.

Looking back at the development history of Ganzhou, we will immediately find that this city located in Longfu, Jiangxi, Guangdong not only has a long tradition of water control, but also has made great achievements in water control and created impressive achievements. In the sixth year of Emperor Gaozu of the Han Dynasty, Guan Ying, the general of the Han Dynasty, swept all the way, and set up Ganxian County in the Panlong area in the southwest of Ganzhou, which was the earliest territory of Ganzhou. In the fifth year of Jin Yonghe, Gao Yan, governor of Nankang County, built an earthen city between the two rivers in Zhanggong, and Ganzhou began to have the concept of a city.There are two main streets, Yang Street and Heng Street, in Tucheng, and Ganzhou City [now Zhanggong District] is beginning to emerge - Tucheng with an area of ​​about 1 square kilometer stands in the triangle area south of Guijiaowei.

In the fourth year of Tang Kaiyuan, the Southern Water Silk Road was opened. Ganzhou, as an important node of this waterway, took advantage of the wave of commerce, the economy took off, the streets of the city became more and more prosperous, and the population grew rapidly. At the end of the Tang Dynasty and the Five Dynasties, Lu Guangchou, the capital of Ningdu, "claimed the king" and separatist Qianzhou for 33 years. Street, Sword Street, Long Street. The Song Dynasty was the most important period for the formation of the Hakka ethnic group when the Han people who migrated from the Central Plains to the south lived in large numbers in the border areas of Jiangxi, Guangdong and Fujian. The rapid expansion of the population brought about the increasingly prosperous city, and a large number of residential buildings stood on both sides of the streets. and extend inward.At the same time, Kong Zonghan built brick city walls, Liu Yi opened Fushougou, Liu Jin, Hong Mai, Zhou Bizheng and others successively built pontoon bridges on the West River, East River, and South River, and the urban system of Ganzhou was basically complete. During the Ming and Qing Dynasties, in addition to maintaining the six-street foundation of Lu Guangchou’s structure in terms of shape, the city built more houses, refined more streets and alleys, and had more imported styles such as emblems, mansions, and arcades. architectural form emerges.By the period of the Republic of China, the area of ​​the old city of Ganzhou had a certain extension.The East Street extends southward to Mapoling, and the South Gate of Zhennan extends southward to the South Gate Floating Bridge. After Ganzhou was established as Ganxian County, its city site and city name have been changed many times due to natural flood disasters and wars.The city site was originally built in Yijiang River [now Panlong Town, Ganzhou Economic and Technological Development Zone], and moved to Gemu City [now the area of ​​Hugang, Shuidong, Zhanggong District] in the last year of Taikang in the Western Jin Dynasty [AD 289] In the fifth year of Yonghe in the Eastern Jin Dynasty [AD 349], it was moved to the area around Guijiaowei, the confluence of the two rivers in Zhanggong. In the seventh year of Yixi in the Eastern Jin Dynasty [AD 411], it was forced to move to Shuidong Qili, Zhanggong District because the city was destroyed by war. In the area around the town, in the first year of Liang Chengsheng in the Northern and Southern Dynasties [AD 552], it was relocated to the present Guijiaowei area at the confluence of the two rivers in Zhanggong, and the city site has been fixed since then.During this period, because the urban area was only 1.23 square kilometers, around the current Jianguo Road and Zhanggong Road, the city had a simple sewer that could handle the city’s drainage. Jiang". In the first year of Emperor Xizong Guangqi in the late Tang Dynasty [AD 885], after Lu Guangchou captured Qianzhou, he claimed to be the governor. Out of the needs of military and urban management, he started a large-scale project to expand the city of Ganzhou.He not only put the focus of urban construction on the northwest corner of the city, but placed the important administrative institutions of the city in the administrative management area around Jianguo Road and Huayuantang; even in order to realize his dream of being an emperor, Lu Guangchou still planned and constructed there. Moreover, the large tracts of land in the southeast corner of the city, which were still suburban highways and Nanshi Street at that time, were developed and built into military sites such as the City Shouying, Zhongying, Houying, Zuoying, Zhongjieying, and Mayingli.Due to the huge city expansion project, the low-lying terrain in the northwest of the city, and the unreasonable planning and construction of the urban drainage system, in the following one or two hundred years, it was repeatedly hit by floods, and the people suffered unspeakably. Starting from the first year of Shenzong Xining in the Northern Song Dynasty (AD 1068), Liu Yi, the prefect, personally organized the planning and construction of the huge Fushougou Project. It took nearly ten years to complete this magnificent project until the ninth year of Shenzong Xining in the Northern Song Dynasty. project.In the 22nd year of Song Shaoxing [1152], Qianzhou was changed to Ganzhou. Liu Yi, courtesy name Zhizhong, was born in Erliu, Changle, Fujian Province. He became a Jinshi and was good at water control.During the Yuanyou period of the Northern Song Dynasty [around 1086 A.D.], Liu Yi was promoted and reused by the Northern Song Dynasty court, and transferred to the capital to serve as "Dou Shuicheng".Liu Yi was an orphan since childhood and grew up in poverty.When he became an adult, he followed Hu Yuan, the most famous educator and scholar at that time, to learn etiquette, morality and practical skills, and was deeply influenced by Hu Yuan's academic thought of "Brightness and Daxue". philosophy of life. According to "Ganzhou Fuzhi" [Qing Tongzhi Edition], Liu Yi did three major things in Qianzhou: First, in response to the vulgar custom of people in Qianzhou who believe in gods and ghosts and do not seek medical treatment when they are sick, he specially compiled two volumes of "Orthodox Prescriptions", denounced witch doctors, and enforced the promotion of medicine, creating a clean atmosphere for Qianzhou. Second, in view of the bad custom of many hungry people and abandoned children at that time, he posted a list in Guanqu to encourage the adoption of abandoned children, and attracted ordinary people with a policy of subsidizing two liters of food per day.This move was so popular that Qianzhou has a new atmosphere of "the nectar falls, the lotus blooms, and the millet responds". Third, organize the planning and construction of the Fushougou project. On the map of the ancient city of Ganzhou in the shape of a turtle, there is a clearly visible sewer in the shape of the ancient seal character "Shou" in the north-south direction, and a sewer in the shape of the character "Fu" in the ancient seal script in the east-west direction.It is based on ancient urban geomantic omen.Because the direction of the main route resembles the word "Fushou" in ancient seal script, the ditch is also named because of its shape. After field surveys, Liu Yi scientifically proposed that according to the terrain characteristics of the city's terrain, which is high in the southwest and low in the northeast, Zhouqian Street [now Wenqing Road] is used as the drainage dividing line, the northwest is named after Shougou, and the southeast is named after Fugou.From the perspective of urban environmental protection, Liu Yi planned and designed the urban drainage system to collect urban sewage and rainwater discharge, store water in many urban ponds to adjust rainwater flow, adjust urban ambient air humidity, and stop ponds from the perspective of urban environmental protection. Silt, reduce the silt of drainage ditches, fish farming in ponds, and use silt as organic fertilizer to grow vegetables. Ecological and environmental protection cycle chain system; and from the perspective of urban geomantic omen, the Fushou Ergou line is designed in the shape of ancient seal script, "vertical and horizontal "Analyze, or lay down or see", as the tortoise pattern of the turtle-shaped city in Ganzhou is embedded on the back of the turtle, in order to hope for the eternity of the city and the well-being of the people. The Fushougou project is mainly divided into three parts: The first is to transform the original simple sewer into a rectangular section, built with bricks and stones. The section is about 90 centimeters wide and 180 centimeters high. To Gongjiang and Zhangjiang. The second is to connect Fushou Ergou with the three ponds in the city [Phoenix Pond, Goldfish Pond, and Sima Pond], as well as dozens of ponds such as Qingshui Pond, Hebao Pond, Water Spinach Pond, Garden Pond, and Tiegui Pond. The rainwater regulation capacity during heavy rain can reduce the area and time of submerged streets. On the other hand, the pond can be used to raise fish and silt to grow vegetables, forming an ecological and environmental protection cycle chain. The third is to build 12 water windows to prevent the backflow of river water during the flood season and cause waterlogging disasters in the city.This water window structure consists of four parts: the outer gate, the Dulong bridge, the inner gate and the regulating pool. It mainly uses the principle of hydraulics. When the river water rises, the outer gate is automatically closed by hydraulic power. If the water level drops below the water window, Then use the hydraulic power of the inner channel of the water window to open the inner gate. In order to ensure that the channel in the window is smooth and has sufficient water pressure [impulse], Liu Yi adopts the method of changing the section and increasing the slope to increase the water flow velocity. The water entering the water window increases the flow velocity by 2-3 times, and the water window The slope is 4.25%, which is 4.1 times larger than the normal sewer, which ensures that the water in the water window maintains a strong water pressure, which can not only wash away the sediment and sundries in the water, but also open the outer gate and discharge it into the river. Through scientific and reasonable design, the Fushougou project takes advantage of the natural height difference of the urban topography and adopts the method of natural flow, so that the urban rain and sewage are naturally discharged into the river and Haotang. Fushougou is mainly used to drain rainwater. According to the terrain and elevation of the city, drainage is carried out in different areas, and the ancient urban drainage system is a combined system of rain and sewage.Fushou Ergou roughly takes the current Wenqing Road as the dividing line of the water collection area. The south of Fugou and the east of the gate mainly drain the water in the southeast of the city, including the current Houde Road, Wudao Temple, Shouliang Temple, Hebao Pond, Dongmen Well, and Dongmen Street area have a catchment area of ​​about 1.7 square kilometers, and the main ditch is about 8.6 kilometers long; km or so. The combined catchment area of ​​Fushou Ergou is about 2.7 square kilometers. At that time, the area of ​​the ancient city of Ganzhou was 3.05 square kilometers, and there should be 0.35 square kilometers without sewers.From the map of Fushougou preserved in the Qing Dynasty, it is found that in the southwest of the city, there is a martial arts school field, and no one lives there, so Fugou has not been extended to that area. After the completion of the main ditch, some branch ditches were built one after another, thus forming an urban drainage network system in the ancient city of Ganzhou with distinct primary and secondary, crisscross, orderly, and combined drainage and storage. The total length of Fushougou is 12.6 kilometers. Fugou drains the water in the southeast of the city, and Shougou drains the water in the northwest of the city.Fushou Ditch adopts the combination of open ditch and hidden ditch, and is connected with the pond in the urban area.In this way, the overflow of ditch water can be avoided, and the waste water can be used to raise fish and plant aquatic plants.Both the Fu and Shou ditches drain into the Zhangjiang River and the Gongjiang River respectively through the water windows under the city wall.Fushougou Drainage System is a creative comprehensive project in ancient city construction.After the completion of Fushougou, the flood problems of river backflow and urban waterlogging were solved.As an urban sewer, it has been used for thousands of years and has become a miracle in the history of urban construction in China. For more than 930 years in Ganzhou, the Fushougou built by Liu Yi has played an important role in the development of Ganzhou city and brought great benefits to the people of Ganzhou. To this day, more than 900 meters of sewers are still in use.It is amazing that the Northern Song Dynasty more than 900 years ago, under the conditions of economy, science and technology at that time, was able to complete such a plan with reasonable design, high scientific and technological content, huge investment and engineering volume, complex design and long construction period. A remarkable feat of municipal engineering indeed. The ancient urban underground drainage project of Fushougou in Ganzhou is comparable to the Dujiangyan in Sichuan built by Li Bing and his son, both of which are great masterpieces of ancient water conservancy.This astonishing ancient urban drainage system has become an orphan of rare underground labyrinths and cultural relics of contemporary urban construction, and it is also a miracle in the history of urban construction in the world. On July 22, 2008, a bronze statue of Liu Yi, 2.7 meters high and weighing about 1 ton, was placed next to the ancient city wall of Songcheng Park in Ganzhou City to highlight Liu Yi's great historical achievements in building Fushougou, and at the same time entrust the people of southern Gansu to pay attention to this statue. The eternal memory of the water conservancy experts in the Northern Song Dynasty who made great contributions to keeping Ganzhou away from floods. The ancient "Zhang Gong Tu Jing" contains: "The combination of two waters forms Jiangxi. After the state rule, it flows northward for 180 miles to the boundary of Wan'an County. From Wan'an up, there are eight out of ten beaches, and strange rocks are like refined iron. The history of the eighteen rapids has been recorded for more than 1,000 years. The ancients have different opinions on the eighteen rapids in this section of the river, and there are some differences. From the head of the Ganjiang River under Bajingtai in Ganzhou City, the eighteen dangerous beaches arranged downstream are: Taoyuan Beach, Baijian Beach, Bie Beach, Hengxian Beach, Tianzhu Beach, Nanfeng Beach, Goujiao Beach, Go to Qiantan Beach, Golden Beach, Liangkou Beach, Kunlun Beach, Wusuo Beach, Xiaoliao Beach, Daliao Beach, Mianjin Beach, Piaoshen Beach, Teapot Beach, Panic Beach, among which the front nine beaches are in Gan County . The first beach is Taoyuan Beach, which is 2.5 kilometers below Ganzhou City and slightly upstream of Yuhong Tower.Because the beach rocks are silted up by sand, there is no danger.Not far down is Chutan [now renamed as Chutan], with incense burner stones, high stones and stone corners. The second beach is Baijian Beach, 15 kilometers below Ganzhou City. It is named after it is located next to Baijian Village.The beach rocks are also clogged with sand. The third beach is Yukou Beach, a section of the river called "Shuimentang" 20 kilometers below Ganzhou City.Also known as "Tie Beach".There are many dangerous reefs in the river, and it is very dangerous to sail. There are Huoshao Road, Huoshaoping, Dongxi Laoya, Shangxia Diaoshi, Gongxi Stone, Huoshaolong, Longtou Stone, Toad Stone, Zhongliang Stone, Hanging Pai Stone, Iron Threshold, Field Eel Cage, Carriage There are more than a dozen dangerous shoals such as alleys. The fourth beach is Hengxian Beach, which is 25 kilometers below the city of Ganzhou, where the rocks are lowered in front of the new temple.The water flow here is fast, and there are more than ten dangerous beach rocks, such as egret neck, bubble hole stone, bridge mast stone, human head stone, lotus stone, cold stone, etc. The five beaches are Tianzhu Beach, near Gaomiao Village, 30 kilometers below Ganzhou City.There are many bird rocks on the river surface, which are the most dangerous beach rocks among the eighteen beaches.There are more than ten extremely dangerous beach bridges, such as coir raincoat stone, chess piece stone, garden official stone, railing stone, coffin cage, and rudder stone. The porters walked about 10 kilometers along the dry road along the river, avoiding the extremely dangerous Tianzhu Beach, Goujiao Beach and other dangerous reefs in front of them, and boarded the boat at Dahuzhou.Sometimes some local laborers are also invited to help pull and release the fibers.This is basically the case for cargo ships going up and down. Six Beaches is Nanfeng Beach, a small lake island 32.5 kilometers below Ganzhou City.There are dangerous beaches such as Songshutan, Zhouwantan, Sisters Stone, and Misiezi. Qitan is Goujiao Beach, 35 kilometers below Ganzhou City, in Xiafu Village.There are more than ten dangerous reefs such as Misaijiao, Zygote Stone, Lianji Stone, Houpen Stone, Dog Elephant Cage, Cloak Stone, etc. Eight Beaches is Qianqian Beach, which is also known as "Dahu Beach" and "Yinyang Beach". It is on the water surface of the Dahu River and Dahuzhou 40 kilometers below Ganzhou.The current here is very fast, and the dangerous beaches are scattered all over the place. Boats can only move forward, not retreat, otherwise they will hit the reef.It's a very scary shoal. Nine Beaches is Golden Beach, 60 kilometers below Ganzhou at Jinshajiao, on the side of Xizhou.There are dangerous reefs such as drying stones, rudder stem stones, eye stones, and mouse cages.There are many dangerous reefs such as Gantan and so on. There are also nine dangerous shoals below, in the Ganjiang River in Wan'an.The last beach of panic is already on the river 5 kilometers away from Wan'an County. Wen Tianxiang's poem "Crossing the Lingding Ocean" refers to this dangerous beach.All passers-by who have passed the Shibatan beach have experienced this thrilling beach danger, and they will never forget it.The ancient Wu Xingzuo crossed the eighteen beaches, and wrote in the waves: "The strange rocks touch the boat, and the flying waves startle the dream. I asked about the danger of the Three Gorges, but it is not as difficult as this trip." Compared with the danger of the Three Gorges, the eighteen beaches are more dangerous.The ancient Xu Luqing passed the eighteen beaches three times. Every time he passed the beach, he was horrified and had different feelings. After passing the beach, he wrote down the different feelings, wrote three poems about the beach, and sighed deeply about the danger. Historical literati passers-by often have poems describing the eighteen beaches. Tang Meng Haoran has a poem "Xiagan Stone": Zhao Bian of the Northern Song Dynasty has a poem "Entering Jiangxi and Wenxiaojiao": Xie Jin in the Ming Dynasty had a poem "Crossing Eighteen Beaches": In the past, the Shibatan Beach was blocked by tall and strange rocks, and the narrow part was only more than ten feet, blocking the raging river flow.The boatmen call it "Yellow Spring Beach". When the boat arrives at the beach, they must burn incense and worship spirits, begging for safety.There is a folk song: "A boat passing through the eighteen beaches is like entering the gate of hell, ten boats pass through and nine boats overturn." For thousands of years, the eighteen beaches have swallowed up the lives of countless boatmen! "Stones in the Water" described the beach stones in this way: "Those with many stones are like cows, like dogs and horses, like dragons and snakes who are about to fly away, like apes who raise their arms up and down, or squat to cry, all are excited. The sound of the water can be heard for hundreds of miles... The boat is full of emotion. If you are not careful, you will bite it and break it." come?" In the old days, many local men ate "water meals" and took beach masters as their profession: when the boat arrived at the beach, a beach master was invited to board the boat to lead the navigation.However, when the wind is rough and the waves are rough, the beach masters dare not take the risk of sailing, and have to drop anchor and wait until the wind is calm before they dare to cross the beach. In the dry season, the beach rocks are exposed, but there are scattered rocks, like countless big turtles lurking in the water, all the way, the huge rocks in the water are like canine teeth, and wooden boats carefully pass through the gaps between the human head stone and the tiger neck stone.There is also Shifeng lurking in the middle current, the road is narrow and the water is fast, and the waves are like mountains. The boat must not only check the wind direction, but also check the water potential, and even check the hidden reef.After crossing one stone, it seemed that it was about to hit another stone. The boatman turned the rudder sharply, and the beach master slammed the pole at the same time, only to avoid hitting the reef.After repeated twists and turns, Fang escaped from the crack in the stone.As far as the last beach of fear, the name of the beach makes people panic.If the wind blows for a while, the water is rough and the waves are high, the boat dare not pass, so it has to go to the shore and wait. After the founding of the People's Republic of China, the reef blasting and dredging project was carried out, which greatly improved the shipping conditions of Shibatan.Passing through Chutan, where the two Zhanggong Rivers meet, it flows downstream.The river is clear, the wind is calm and the waves are calm. After years of dredging by the waterway department, those hideous and terrifying reefs blocking the way were bombed out by explosives. The eighteen beach waterway, which is hundreds of miles long, has installed buoys, and the thousand-mile Ganjiang River has become a thoroughfare. The 100-ton ship can pass without hindrance, and there is no need for a beach teacher to pilot it. The reefs of Shibatan have been removed, and the Ganjiang River has become the main artery of Jiangxi's north-south transportation.The Ganjiang River benefits the people, and there will be no more tears! In 1956, the Yangtze River Basin Planning Office wrote the "Report on Comprehensive Utilization of Hydropower Development in the Ganjiang River Basin" based on the survey and selection of points in the Ganjiang River Basin, and proposed to use the Ganjiang River to build power stations. In 1958, the Wan'an Water Conservancy Project was launched.The dam site controls a basin area of ​​36,900 square kilometers, accounting for 44% of the entire basin area of ​​the Ganjiang River.The project development mainly focuses on power generation, and at the same time undertakes tasks such as flood control in the middle and lower reaches of the Ganjiang River, as well as shipping, irrigation, and reservoir breeding. It is a large-scale water conservancy and hydropower project with relatively significant comprehensive benefits, and it was the largest hydropower station in Jiangxi Province at that time. Construction was suspended in 1961 and restarted in 1978.More than 30,000 people in Wan'an County immigrated with their families. In January 1996, it was officially completed and accepted by the state. The Wan'an Hydropower Station officially opened its gates to store water and generate electricity, marking that the Eighteen Beaches of the Ganjiang River have entered a new historical period.The upstream of the power station has become a vast Pinghu Lake, and the landscape of eighteen beaches is no longer there. Only the poems and folklore of celebrities in the past dynasties are left.There is unimpeded passage of ships.People can no longer feel the thrills of the Eighteen Beaches in the past, and the only thing they can see is the majestic appearance of Wan'an Hydropower Station. Wan'an is under the jurisdiction of Ji'an City in the lower reaches of Ganzhou City. While the people of Ji'an are benefiting the upstream, the people of Ganzhou have also made great contributions to the happiness of the downstream people. The Ganjiang River runs through the central part of Jiangxi Province from south to north and is the largest river in the Poyang Lake system. The Ganjiang River flows northward from Ganzhou, passes through nine counties and cities including Ganxian, Wan'an, Taihe, Ji'an, Xingan, Qingjiang, Fengcheng, and Nanchang, and forms several diversions in the lower reaches of Nanchang City, where it flows into Poyang Lake.The Ganjiang River has a total length of 751 kilometers and a drainage area of ​​83,500 square kilometers, accounting for about 50% of the total area of ​​Jiangxi Province. The annual water flow into Poyang Lake is about 60 billion cubic meters, accounting for about 50% of the runoff of the Poyang Lake area and accounting for 50% of the Yangtze River. The 8% of Datong Station is about 1.1 times that of the Yellow River and 1.5 times that of the Huaihe River. It is not only the largest river in Jiangxi Province, but also one of the main tributaries of the Yangtze River. There are many high mountains around the Ganjiang River Basin, 50% of which are mountains, 30% are hills, and 20% are plains.The province's per capita arable land is only 0.845 mu, and the water and soil resources are extremely precious.Due to natural reasons such as many mountains, steep slopes, thin soil layers, large and concentrated rainfall, and increasingly frequent human production and construction activities, forests and vegetation have been destroyed, the ecological environment has deteriorated, and soil erosion has become serious, which has become a hindrance to the development of the national economy in the province. one of the main factors.Severe lessons time after time have made people have a very deep understanding of soil and water conservation. Soil erosion is the loss of human living conditions.The fertile soil on the soil surface often takes centuries to form, and once the topsoil is damaged by erosion, it is difficult to restore its original appearance in a short period of time.The destruction of water and soil erosion reduces both the quantity and quality of land resources, seriously threatening human production and even living conditions, and becomes the main reason for rural poverty and low productivity; poverty and backwardness, low productivity in turn aggravate soil erosion, a vicious circle , intensified.Among the 44 counties with serious water and soil erosion in Jiangxi, 35 are poverty-stricken counties in old areas.The province loses 160 million tons of soil annually.Land desertification is becoming more and more serious, and agricultural output is low and unstable.In soil erosion areas, per capita income and rations are lower than those in non-erosion areas.Soil erosion not only directly affects the poverty alleviation of the people in the old areas, but also restricts the overall development of the local and provincial national economy. Soil erosion is one of the main causes of flood disasters.Water and soil erosion silts rivers, reservoirs, and lakes, bringing major hidden dangers and damage to infrastructure such as water conservancy projects, resulting in a decline in water conservancy benefits of projects, and a decline in flood control, storage, and shipping capabilities.The upper reaches of the Ganjiang River are the areas with the most serious soil erosion in the province, and the annual sediment load accounts for 66.8% of the annual sediment load of the Ganjiang River. There were 259 navigable rivers in the province in the 1950s, which decreased to only 62 by 1993.In the past 40 years, due to soil erosion and silted riverbed elevation, flood control and discharge have been seriously affected. Since liberation, more than 20 provincial and regional floods have occurred in Jiangxi, averaging once every two years. Soil erosion has aggravated natural disasters such as sandstorms, droughts and floods, mudslides, landslides, and landslides, endangering the lives and property of towns, villages, and people.The vegetation is reduced, the surface is exposed, and the ability to store water is reduced, which deteriorates the ecological environment.Soil erosion also releases sediment and chemical fertilizers and pesticides in farmland into rivers and reservoirs, polluting water sources. As one of the provinces with the most severe soil erosion in the south, according to the telemetry data in 1988, the area of ​​soil erosion in Jiangxi Province reached 46,000 square kilometers, and the degree of erosion was severe.The total land area of ​​Jiangxi is 167,000 square kilometers.Among them, mountains account for 36%, hills account for 42%, and plains and hills account for 22%.Among the 46,000 square kilometers of soil erosion area in the province, there are 623.1 square kilometers of severe erosion area, 1,566.2 square kilometers of extremely severe erosion area, 6,358.9 square kilometers of intensive erosion area, 12,879.6 square kilometers of moderate erosion area, and 24,725.2 square kilometers of light erosion area km, distributed in 86 counties, and there are 44 counties and cities with a loss area of ​​more than 500,000 mu, and most of them are old and poor counties.Among them, the Ganzhou area is the most widely distributed and the degree is the strongest, with an area of ​​more than 10,000 square kilometers lost. Above Ganzhou City is the upper reaches of the Ganjiang River. The river channel flows through mountainous areas, canyons and basins composed of metamorphic rocks, granite and red rocks. The channel has a long longitudinal slope, many deep streams, a large drop, and rich hydraulic resources. It is a mountainous river.Dongyuan has sparse vegetation and serious water and soil erosion. According to statistics in 1983, the area of ​​water and soil erosion is 18,700 square kilometers, accounting for 22.5% of the watershed area. The Pingjiang River System in Xingguo County is a typical example, and the average sediment concentration for many years is 0.72 kg/cubic Mi, is a tributary with the most severe soil erosion in the Ganjiang River Basin.Pingjiang runs from Xingguo County to Jiangkou Town, Ganxian County, and the river bed of some sections is more than 1 meter above the farmland.The area of ​​water and soil erosion has accounted for 84% of the county's mountain area, resulting in a high average sediment concentration of Ganjiang River for many years, reaching 0.17-0.25 kg/m3. The observation and analysis of the sediment change in the Ganjiang River show that the annual average sediment transport of the Ganjiang River is the largest in the upper reaches.The loss of a large amount of fertile topsoil, on the one hand, caused a continuous decline in land productivity and deteriorated the living environment; The ability to regulate and resist floods and natural disasters has been seriously weakened, which has brought major hidden dangers to the safety of people's lives and property in the middle and lower reaches of the river, and has a huge negative impact on the sustainable development of the economy and society. Environmental and water conservation work is extremely urgent, and ecological issues have been placed in a prominent position.Six counties including Xingguo and Yudu in Gongshui County in southern Jiangxi were included in the second phase of the national key management project. After the promulgation and implementation of the "Soil and Water Conservation Law of the People's Republic of China" in 1991, Jiangxi actively improved the construction of local supporting laws and regulations.The province's soil and water conservation work began to be included in the track of prevention and control according to law.A total of 61 counties in the province have set up supervisory agencies, initially curbing the passive situation of "destroy more than cure".The area of ​​small watersheds and water and soil erosion managed in five years is equivalent to the sum of the governance in the first 30 years of the "Eighth Five-Year Plan".The output value and profit of the province's soil and water conservation operations are four times those at the beginning of the "Eighth Five-Year Plan". It can be said that the soil and water conservation in Jiangxi during this period is the period with the best situation, the fastest development and the greatest effect since the founding of the People's Republic of China. The "Ninth Five-Year Plan" is just at the turn of the century. Jiangxi has put forward higher requirements for soil and water conservation work, and has included speeding up the comprehensive management of soil erosion areas into the sustainable development strategy.Establish and improve the legal system of soil and water conservation and a diversified investment system to further speed up governance. Governments at all levels put soil and water conservation on the agenda, implement the responsibility system for soil and water conservation goals during the tenure of leaders, and report to the Standing Committee of the National People's Congress at the same level and the water conservancy administrative department at the higher level [or a separate water conservation agency] every year on the soil and water conservation work. Including the current situation of local water and soil erosion, development situation and countermeasures; incorporate the tasks determined in the plan into the national economic and social development plan, arrange special funds, and organize implementation; finances at all levels continue to increase funds for water and soil conservation; strengthen institutional construction, agriculture, forestry, industry and mining Departments such as transportation, transportation and other departments also have special personnel in charge of soil and water conservation work; establish a departmental responsibility system, the planning committee will submit the water and soil conservation plan for approval before the project is approved, and relevant departments such as mines, land, forestry, and transportation will implement various water conservation projects during the production and construction process. In order to ensure the policy of "prevention first" and the implementation of the three powers of water and water conservation approval, supervision and charging, the new man-made soil erosion will be controlled. After years of hard work, Jiangxi's soil and water conservation has entered the national advanced ranks and is at the leading level in the south.Among them, Gannan is a particularly bright spot. Southern Jiangxi used to be one of the areas with the most severe soil erosion in southern my country. The exclamation of "the red desert in the south of the Yangtze River", "the prosperity of the country will be 'destroyed', and the capital will be relocated" is a vivid portrayal of the serious danger of water and soil erosion at that time. Some people say that Xingguo County has two major characteristics: one is the generals, and the other is serious soil erosion. According to statistics in 1980, the county’s 2,240 square kilometers of land, the area of ​​soil erosion reached 80% of the total mountain area, of which 32.5% was seriously lost. desert". In 1983, after Xingguo County was listed as a national key area for soil and water conservation, the people of Xingguo worked together to start a "green revolution" in the "red desert in the south of the Yangtze River".In order to rejuvenate the country, the power of the whole county was mobilized, and the whole people participated in the "water conservation". "Water conservation" is the top priority.In Xingguo County, two experts who enjoy special allowances from the State Council are experts in "water conservation", and two senior engineers are senior engineers in "water conservation".在兴国不抓“水保”的班子不是好班子，抓不好“水保”的干部不是好干部，这是兴国县领导抓“水保”的首要口号。将近20年来，兴国县换了五六任书记、县长，但抓“水保”工作的力度一点也没减，真正形成了“几任书记一本经，几任县长一道令，几套班子大合唱，全县上下齐心干，一任接着一任干，一任干给一任看”的好传统。同时积极引进智力成果加快治理步伐。先后聘请日本、英国、加拿大等国专家进行技术指导。兴国县由此成了国内乃至国际上“水保”的知名品牌。 经过20多年的艰苦奋战，兴国儿女用心血和汗水，消灭了宜林荒山，多年不见的穿山甲、野猪、猫头鹰、麻雀重新出现。大规模的治理，使水土流失状况大为改观，昔日的“江南沙漠”变成了绿洲。水土流失面积比治理前减少1166.7平方公里，年土壤流失量减少775万吨。在此基础上，兴国县将生态化理念运用于农业生产，发展绿色生态农业，使该县农业走上了绿色高效可持续发展之路。全县27.3万特困人口有24万余人脱离贫困。大批昔日因环境恶劣而被迫背乡离井的村民重返昔日家园安居乐业。他们自编的兴国山歌这样唱道： 兴国人民终于走出了“山上无鸟、河里无鱼”的历史，在赣江源头筑起了一道亮丽的生态屏障。1995年，兴国县被评为“全国造林绿化百佳县”，2000年被评为“全国林业生态建设先进县”，2004年被评为“全国绿化模范县”。 上犹县是另一个生态建设的成功例子。1997年，卫星遥感调查的情况令人触目惊心：上犹县仍有水土流失面积419.13平方公里，占总土地面积的27.15%，是全省水土流失较严重的县【市】之一。连续4年被列为鄱阳湖流域水土保持重点治理县。县里相继将梅水河、合溪河、清溪河、大安、横岭、珠岭等6条小流域列为水土流失综合治理重点区。 大安小流域原是上犹县严重水土流失区。自2000年大安小流域被列为鄱阳湖流域水保重点治理流域后，县里对流域内所有流失山场进行了科学规划，合理布局各项治理措施，做到生物措施与工程措施相结合，治标与治本相结合。经过两年时间的治理，该小流域生态环境得到明显改善。 上犹江史称溢江溪、九十九曲河，从云凝烟缥的罗霄山脉源流而来，为长江流域赣江水系的一大支流，由西向东流淌，全长198公里，落差615米，蜿蜒曲折，水色清澈，曾吸引过无数文人骚客。苏东坡对上犹江倍加赞赏：“长河流水碧潺潺，一百湾兮少一湾。造化自知太元巧，不留足数与人看。”如今，上犹江上已拦坝建起了五个大电站，因而形成了五大湖泊：一是罗边湖；二是仙人湖；三是清湖【即南河电站】；四是陡水湖；五是龙潭湖。上犹江像一根银线穿起五颗明珠，湖光山色，显出一种天然美。陡水湖因建上犹江水力发电站而成湖，水域面积31平方公里，比杭州西湖大40倍。方圆三十里。湖面三十里风光，天水相连、波光粼粼，山清水秀。湖面处在群山环抱之中，开阔处纵横达500米以上，视野宽广；狭窄处不足10米，仅容一舟通行。水道弯弯，林木葱茏，没有人烟，没有尘嚣，到此使人直觉返璞归真，入忘我之境。 为优化陡水湖生态环境，上犹县实行了几十年的封山育林。陡水湖两岸保存着良好的针叶混交林、常绿阔叶林，四季郁郁葱葱、苍翠欲滴。处于陡水湖深处的赣南树木园，被称为中亚热带植物王国，是一座天然的自然博物馆，占地面积8692亩，试种1700种木本植物，收集有1万多份蜡叶标本，藏有1300多号树种，这里集我国稀珍树木和临危树木之大成，成为我国南方树种向北移植的中转站，生长着52种世界珍稀濒危的保护植物，还引进有美国、缅甸、墨西哥、日本以及欧洲诸国的许多珍贵品种。 陡水湖四季温和湿润，冬无严寒、夏无酷夏，是赣南一方神奇幽雅的秀水美山，陡水湖中的绿色宝岛，是花的世界、草的世界，也是雾的世界，山脊耸翠，涧谷含幽，江风扑面，花香袭人。2004年被列为国家森林公园。 “既要金山银山，更要绿水青山”，强调发展过程中注意经济效益与环境效益的统一，决不以牺牲环境资源作为代价来加快发展，决不把遗憾留给子孙，把遗憾留给历史。赣州市水土保持综合治理工作从1983年开始实施国家水土流失重点项目，以十年为一期，项目县由第一期的兴国县扩大到第二期兴国、宁都、于都、瑞金等县的10个项目区。规模、连片、综合、持续的水土流失治理取得了显著的成效，实现了从穷山恶水向青山绿水的转变，金山银山与青山绿水的统一。 赣南的水土保持成就，使整个赣江流域受惠。最新的赣江流域水土流失与河流泥沙变化规律研究显示，经过多年的兴建水利和水土保持，赣江流域输沙量呈逐年减少态势，20年来，赣江泥沙减少流失1亿吨。江西境内五大河流中达到三类水质以上的占60%，11个城市中的6个空气质量保持Ⅱ级标准，森林覆盖率约60%。 而赣南人民为保护一江清水所作出的努力与奉献，最为感人的，莫过于注入粤港的东江水源区数县。 “江西九十九条河，只有一条通博罗”，这条河就是定南县的九曲河。全长97.5公里的九曲河发源于安远县三百山和寻乌县鸡笼嶂，先流经安远新田、孔田、鹤仔等地，再经定南龙塘、天九等镇与桐坑水、高湖水、鹅公水、下历河汇合后一路南行，至九曲圩沙罗湾时因高山所阻，水折向东流，绕行数里后又重新流向南方的广东龙川，注入东江贝岭水。据史料记载，九曲河在清朝同治年间曾通舟楫，木船自广东龙川可上溯到安远鹤仔圩。民国初年，九曲河航运仍很兴旺，“成批木船二三十艘在河上航行”。当年的九曲圩岸边就设有多种商号，货运贸易一时间颇为繁华。后来，因为上游森林遭到破坏，水土流失，河道开始淤塞，滩浅多年失修，航运逐年废止，仅靠竹排木船行驶。新中国成立后，九曲河流域先后建起了九曲、长潭、转塘3座水电站和长富、平岗、长滩、茶园山4座大桥。自此，生活在九曲河畔的定南人告别了只靠竹排木船往返广东的历史。近年来，随着京九铁路、定广公路、赣粤高速公路的开通，封闭的山村与外面的世界联系得更加紧密。 九曲河是定南县境内最大的河流。因为九曲河，定南县成为东江的主要发源地之一，全县85%以上的土地和人口在东江源区。东江是香港及河源、惠州、东莞、深圳、广州等城市4000多万居民的主要饮水资源。1963年，中央政府利用东江丰富的水资源，建设了“东深供水工程”，承担着向深圳、香港供水的任务。为了确保东江水源，定南县把水源保护、面源污染控制、人居环境改善、新农村建设等有机结合起来，在东江水源区的小流域扎实开展了“生态清洁型小流域”建设工作。 为建设和保护东江源区生态环境，定南大力实施治污工程，清理整顿关闭了一大批污染企业，凡对环境有污染的项目坚决拒之门外，去年以来先后拒绝有污染或环保不达标的企业资金总额达18亿元。 按照水保、景观、生态多样性与治理、保护、发展并重的原则，分“山顶、村庄、河边”三个层次进行整体规划，山顶封禁，实施生态自然修复；山腰建设水保生态精品果园；山下村庄结合新农村建设清污泥、垃圾、路障，改水、改路、改厕，改善人居环境和村容村貌；河道疏浚，绿色护岸，清水入库区。 源区内实行全封山，严禁采伐林木、采集野生植物、猎捕动物、烧荒、采石、采砂、取土等破坏自然生态环境的行为。采取宜林则林、宜果则果、宜封则封的原则，推广速生林和丰产优质果树栽培，抓好水保封山，保护原有植被。发动群众治理水土流失，不断提高山地植被覆盖率。维护和提高了森林的水资源涵养能力和水体的自然净化能力。源区内水质达到国家地表水Ⅱ类标准，为下游珠江三角洲及香港提供了安全的生活饮用水。 如今的定南县小流域，成片的果园里掩映着规划有序、整洁美观的新民居，平坦宽敞的水泥路通向村民家门口，村边河水清澈见底，岸边绿树环绕。无公害绿色生态果业成为产业支柱，全县森林覆盖率提高到78.1%，实现了生态建设的重大跨越。 定南像保护亲人一样呵护东江源环境，也使自身获得丰厚的生态“红利”。数万户农民从事生态农业开发，户均年增收5210元。优美的自然生态风光吸引了大批海内外游客，生态旅游已成为该县的优势发展产业。“绿色招牌”和“生态门槛”，引来更多优质企业进入，大量来自粤港的游客通过欣赏九曲河原生态自然风光，增强了珍惜东江水和反哺上游的意识，积极投资参与九曲河的环境和生态保护。 山脉相接，水脉相连。我住江之头，君住江之尾，相隔千万里，共饮一江水。在江西流传的古语中，不管是“江西九十九条河，只有一条通博罗”，还是“九曲河通到广东，条条竹排下老隆【广东龙川】”，无不佐证了九曲河联通粤赣两地的血脉作用。广东省人大常委会代表团曾专题对江西省定南县东江源生态环境保护和建设情况进行过考察，对定南人民长期以来为保护东江源无污染、无公害所做的贡献深表感谢。朱森林同志欣然题词： 九曲河在两岸青山的呵护中，像一位端庄丽人的碧色透明的裙裾，在一片神秘的静穆中，婀娜迤逦，飘然远行。两岸树木葱葱郁郁、青翠欲滴，河水清可见底，成群的鱼在水中游来游去，夏日的轻风送来两岸的花香，耳畔响着阵阵欢快的鸟鸣。 而与定南同处东江水源区的安远县，在2005年全国水土保持工作会议上就作为为数不多的典型之一作了经验交流。 安远境内的九龙山将全县分为两个水系，且分属两个水系的两条河流的源头，即长江水系的贡江源头和珠江水系的东江源头。 东江之尾由两条小河流形成，一条叫定南水，一要叫寻乌水。定南水的主流发源于安远的三百山，寻乌水发源于寻乌鸡笼嶂，流至定南，与九曲河合并成一水。因此，不论是寻乌水或定南水，均发源于安远县的三百山。 三百山是安远县东南边境诸山峰的合称。地处赣、粤、闽三省交界处，层峦叠嶂、青翠欲滴。据说这条山沟里过去居住过300户人家，因有其名。漫山遍野的红杜鹃、白杜鹃、紫杜鹃，把整个山峦点缀得五彩缤纷。几十种稀有树种和几十种稀有禽鸟动物，形成了和谐的自然景观。山顶上一片沼泽地、淙淙泉水，使它成为一个巨大的高山湖泊。往下数百米，便是被称为“东江第一瀑”的瀑布群，50多处飞瀑，形成20多条溪流，最终都汇入东江。 2001年，安远县被水利部、财政部命名为全国生态环境建设示范县；2002—2004年，安远县作为全国10个水土保持生态修复试点县之一，开始实施生态修复试点工程，并于2005年通过验收。 作为全国著名的生态县，安远县围绕东江源的“一江碧水”，大力发展生态产业、绿色经济，从而带动了全县经济的快速发展：东江源国家湿地公园规划设计获得国家有关部门批准，三百山被广东旅游部门评为自驾游特色线路，安远脐橙被评为“中华名果”…… 为了保障下游东江的清澈，九曲河两岸几十万客家儿女作出了巨大的奉献，他们迁离居住了多少代的家园，留下了这一方至宁至静的净土，留下了这一条至纯至洁的圣水。 最是纤尘不染的，是赣南客家儿女的心灵啊！ 1965年夏初，郭沫若登临郁孤台，其时正值章、贡、赣“三江”洪水期，江水顺着河道滔滔奔流，沿途秋毫无犯，群山一派葱茏，大喜，诗情勃发，反辛词意，挥毫一阕，为郁孤台平添了新的意境： 郭沫若借郁孤台吟唱的，是赣南人民治山治水，保护南入粤港、北流江西全境的“清江水”所作出的艰苦卓绝的巨大努力和牺牲。 赣南，这群山汇聚、众水萦绕的家园，大自然把无尽的秀美厚赠予你的赣南。进入新世纪，当地的诗人这样描绘了这片家园： 山不喧闹，也并不沉寂；峰不张扬，却自有韵致。众山相聚，群峰相连，便有了难抑的灵动与生机，并深深触动过大文豪苏东坡的灵感，悠然吟出“山为翠浪涌”的感受。 在赣南人眼里，涌动的青波翠浪，不仅是绝妙的风光景致，更是生存的故土、温馨的家园。四围青山里，他们世代相守，平静耕织，播下希望的种子，收获平安的日子。唯有在这山的领地，才能将古朴而清静的历史图画，与清新而平和的现实情景，关切地融为一体。 赣南的青山，是长流碧水的摇篮。在文天祥的心里，赣南的水带给他“一水楼前绕，半空图画开”的深刻印象和奇妙感受。 对于这里的水，两次到过赣南的苏东坡可谓情有独钟，他既吟咏过“山为碧波涌，水作玉虹流”，也有过“楚山淡无尘，赣水清可厉”的深刻感慨。 章江和贡江，是汇合成赣水的两大支流。中国文字的深意和神奇，在这流水中映现得清清楚楚。 赣南的水，充满着生命的灵性。那不息的潺潺流水，是缠绵于青山的碧缕银丝，它们有着明亮而不耀眼、活泼却不张扬的神采。涓涓滴滴的山泉，清明地映现山林的起伏。如风如雾的瀑流，轻灵地丈量行程的长短。凝翠聚玉的深潭，沉静地观看云烟的舒卷。 峡谷激流，在奔涌时获得自由的快乐，在生长中拥有百折不回的信心和力量。清泉，终究要奔流出山，就像孩子早晚要离开摇篮。当他们走出深山幽谷时，面对全新的世界，流水放慢了脚步，好像有了对山的深深依恋。 赣南的水，是如此清澈，又是如此多情。有了这样的情怀，赣南的流水便多了几分静气，它们在田野上悠长地涌动，如玉带舒展，平和中不失生动。 赣南的流水，是一种象征，也是一种不可抑制的力量，八百年前，辛弃疾面对滚滚的赣江流水时，就已经深切地感受到了——那就是“青山遮不住，毕