Chapter 15 Chapter 14 For the clarity of the mother river in Shanghai

Water conceives life and feeds life. All primates in the world cannot do without water.Water is the source of life and the source of human civilization. Almost all the prosperous cities in the world are located beside rivers and seas.Every estuary of the Yangtze River has given birth to a metropolis where people gather.New York is at the mouth of the Hudson River, Paris is at the Seine River, London is at the Thames River, Tianjin is at the mouth of the Hai River, Guangzhou is at the mouth of the Pearl River, and Shanghai, the largest city in China, is located at the mouth of the Yangtze River.Rivers are like mothers, feeding the city in their arms. Their milk has been flowing continuously for thousands of years, feeding the city and allowing generations of city people to thrive.Cities and rivers are in an interdependent relationship. Rivers feed cities, cities are born because of rivers, and rivers are famous all over the world because of cities.For a long time, human cities have lacked gratitude for the rivers that feed them, and often repay their kindness and revenge, only asking for money from the rivers, but not paying back and protecting them.The pollution of rivers by cities has become a worldwide problem.

China is one of the countries with the poorest per capita water resources in the world. The per capita fresh water resources are less than a quarter of the world average, ranking 110th in the world, and have been listed by the United Nations as one of the 13 water-poor countries.The per capita available water resources are only 900 cubic meters, and the distribution is extremely uneven.The groundwater in most cities in China has been polluted to a certain extent, and it tends to get worse year by year.The increasingly serious water pollution not only reduces the use function of water bodies, further exacerbates the contradiction of water shortage, but also seriously threatens the drinking water safety and health of urban residents.China's rivers and lakes have become sewers for dumping toxic waste water. There are currently 320 million rural people in the country who do not have access to drinking water that meets the standards. Among them, more than 90 million people have unsafe drinking water due to water pollution. China's water pollution incidents are emerging one after another. Shocking, China's water pollution is approaching a dangerous critical point...

At the beginning of the last century, the study of ethics has developed from the relationship between man and man, man and society to the relationship between man and nature, that is, ecological ethics and environmental ethics to realize the harmonious coexistence between man and nature.Water ethics involves the relationship between man and water.From the perspective of water ethics, human beings should recognize the value and rights of water, recognize the life subject status and moral status of water, regard water as the object of moral concern, and directly assume ethical responsibilities and obligations for water resources.However, understanding is common sense, and life is still going on. Tens of thousands of tons of garbage and various types of sewage are continuously poured into rivers and lakes. Water pollution has become a major global problem.For developing countries, this is especially a problem that has been neglected. In order to develop, many countries have polluted their homes and polluted the clear water flowing on their land.

Shanghai is located at the mouth of the Yangtze River. The Yangtze River is the mother river of this great oriental port.The open and vast plain at the mouth of the Yangtze River provides natural conditions for the birth and expansion of a city.There are two mother rivers in Shanghai, one is the Huangpu River, which is the last tributary of the Yangtze River. The city of Shanghai has grown and multiplied on its banks. Both sides of the Huangpu River have become ports for mooring ships. Relying on this mother river.There is also a mother river in Shanghai, Suzhou Creek, which is a tributary of the Huangpu River. It flows through the most densely populated area in downtown Shanghai, and has the most intimate and direct relationship with the daily life of thousands of Shanghainese families.

I was born in Shanghai, and I have deep feelings for these mother rivers in Shanghai.When I was a child, I often swam in the Suzhou Creek and the Huangpu River. After graduating from middle school, when I went to my hometown Chongming Island to "jump the queue and settle down", I also tested my courage and courage in the waves of the Yangtze River, and almost died because of it.In my childhood memory, Suzhou Creek is sometimes clear and sometimes turbid. When the tide is high, the river is yellow, and occasionally turns green.There are fish in the river, and anglers can be seen on the bank. When the fish take the bait and come out of the water, there is cheering.While swimming in the river, I also saw fish jumping out of the water, making silver waves.However, the pollution of Suzhou Creek was already well known in the 1950s and 1960s. When the tide ebbed, the river water turned black and gave off a stench.Standing on the Waibaidu Bridge where the Suzhou Creek and the Huangpu River meet, you can see a clear dividing line on the water surface. The Suzhou Creek is black and the Huangpu River is grayish yellow.I thought at the time that if the Suzhou Creek poured black and dirty water into the Huangpu River every day, one day the Huangpu River would become just as dirty.For decades, Shanghainese have watched the Suzhou River become darker and more smelly day by day, but they are helpless.This severely polluted river has become an unspeakable pain for the city of Shanghai, a disgrace to the world in broad daylight.

Will the once-clear Mother River ever recover her beauty? Shanghai, located in the south of the Yangtze River, was originally a land of rivers and lakes, with rivers like weaves and lakes like stars.Harnessing rivers and lakes has been a major local event since ancient times.In history, Dayu's flood control "ended" in the Yangtze River Delta.Sima Qian recorded in "Historical Records" that "Yu controlled the water in Wu and connected the three rivers and five lakes".The "five lakes" here are today's Taihu Lake.When Yu was in Taihu Lake to control the floods, he dug three main waterways, the Dongjiang River, the Loujiang River, and the Wusong River, which connected the Taihu Lake with the sea and channeled the flood into the sea.The Dongjiang River is the predecessor of the Huangpu River, and the Wusong River is today's Suzhou Creek.

There are more than 20,000 rivers in Shanghai. The density of the river network is 6-7 kilometers per square kilometer. On average, there is a river every 200 meters.Looking down from the air, the river network is criss-crossed and dense like a spider's web.The name Huangpu appeared for the first time in history in the seventh year of Qiandao in the Southern Song Dynasty [AD 1171], and it was only called "Huangpu Pond" at that time.It was not until the tenth year of Chunyou in the Southern Song Dynasty [AD 1250] that the name "Huangpu" began to be found in the inscriptions of Jishan Temple in Xilin.In the Yuan Dynasty, because of the widening of the river, it was known as the "Great Huangpu".In the early Ming Dynasty, the lower reaches of the Wusong River were seriously silted up. Xia Yuanji, Minister of the Ministry of Household Affairs, requested dredging to renovate the Great Huangpu and widen it near Fanjiabang. Tributaries become main streams. After the 17th century, the Huangpu River was dredged and turned into a good port, with "shafts connected to each other and rows of sails and masts" in the port. Shanghai has thus won the reputation of "the city connecting the river and the sea, and the capital of the southeast".There are even more ancient legends, which say that during the Warring States period, Chunshen Jun Huang Xie of Chu State dug and dredged the Dongjiang River, so it was named Chunshen River, that is, Huangpu River. But still in use today.

The Huangpu River is the largest river in Shanghai and the last tributary of the Yangtze River with a total length of 113.4 kilometers.Dianfeng originates from Dianshan Lake, goes upstream to Taihu Lake, runs through the urban area of ​​Shanghai, and flows into the Yangtze River at Wusongkou.Outside Wusongkou, due to the different colors of the Yangtze River water, Pujiang River water, and East China Sea water, a clearly visible water line is formed, and the spectacle of "three clipped waters" appears. Going up the Huangpu River, the broad river faces west in a fan shape.There are Damao Port, Yuanxiejing, Dazheng Port, Xietang, Lulu Port, and many famous and unnamed tributaries, which connect the Hangjiahu Plain and the Taihu Lake system. Dianshan Lake.If you want to trace the source of the Huangpu River, you can trace the source of the Huangpu River even further. The mountainous area of ​​Kaihua in western Zhejiang is called the source of the Huangpu River by the locals. The streams and waterfalls in the mountains are the source of the vast Huangpu River.

Suzhou Creek, formerly known as Wusong River, should be regarded as the second largest river in Shanghai. Like the Huangpu River, it is also the mother river of Shanghai, but the relationship between them has changed dramatically.Suzhou Creek was once the largest river in Shanghai.As early as the Tang and Song Dynasties, Qinglong Port, the earliest port in Shanghai, was located on the banks of the Wusong River, which is near Baihe in today’s Qingpu District.In those days, the Wusong River had enough water and a wide surface. It had a glorious history of being "deep and wide beyond thousands of rivers". The Huangpu River was once a tributary of the Wusong River.Now where the Huangpu River joins the Yangtze River, people still call it Wusongkou. You can imagine the majestic appearance of the Wusong River back then.The Suzhou Creek has twists and turns, and since ancient times, there has been a saying of "five confluences and twenty-four bays". Over the years, due to the shallow water bend bed, it is difficult to dredge the water, and the river surface is becoming narrower and narrower.According to the "Shanghai County Chronicles": "Twenty miles wide in Tang Dynasty, nine miles wide in Song Dynasty, and then gradually reduced to five miles, three miles, and one mile." In the Ming Dynasty, Suzhou Creek became a tributary of Huangpu River.The transformation of the two rivers is the choice of nature.In the Song Dynasty, Mei Yaochen watched the tide in Qinglong Town, an ancient town in Shanghai, and said in a poem: "Who can rely on the merciless water? Take it as usual and take it lightly. When you look at the tide, you will get wet when you wear a brazier."

In history, apart from Yu Dayu in ancient legends and Lord Chunshen in the Warring States Period, the people who contributed to the governance of Suzhou Creek and Huangpu River in history are Xia Yuanji, Li Yunsi, and Hai Rui in Ming Dynasty.Lin Zexu, a famous official in the Qing Dynasty, also made great contributions. During the Tang and Song Dynasties, the old city of Shanghai was a fishing village. The river to the east was called Xiahaipu, and the river to the west near the fishing village was called Shanghaipu. The fishing village was named Shanghai after this.In the western area of ​​today's Shanghai, in the ancient times [Neolithic Age], there were ancestors who lived in the lower reaches of Wusongkou, made a living by fishing and hunting, and created a fishing tool called "Hu".This kind of tool is suitable for fishing when the tide rises and falls in the Shanghai area, and this area is later called "Shanghai".Regarding Shencheng, it is said that the Shanghai area was the fiefdom of Huang Xie, the emperor of Chunshen during the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period. To commemorate him, a river here [the section from Longhua to Songjiang of the Huangpu River today] was called Huangxie Pu, also called "Huangpu".This piece of land is called "Shen".Recently, there is a new theory. Last year, during the construction of a newly developed residential building "Zhidanyuan" in the urban area of ​​Shanghai, the underground stone gate of the Yuan Dynasty was rediscovered. Downtown, and already has a considerable shipping size.

Wusong River was called Songjiang in ancient times, also known as Songling River and Lize River. The downstream of Wusong River is today's Suzhou Creek, which used to be the main channel for Taihu Lake to go out to sea.According to the "Shanghai County Chronicles" of Jiaqing in the Qing Dynasty, the estuary section of the Wusong River was "twenty miles wide in the Tang Dynasty, nine miles wide in the Song Dynasty, and then gradually reduced to five, three, and one mile".In the second year of Qingli [1042] and the eighth year of Qingli [1048] of the Northern Song Dynasty, a long embankment and a long bridge were built in Wujiang County respectively, which hindered the discharge of Taihu Lake and caused silt in the lower reaches of Wusong River.For this reason, in the sixth year of Jiayou [1061], the Baihe River was "cut and straightened" to speed up the flow and wash away the accumulated sand.Later, this section of the Wusong River was divided into old and new.By the mid-Southern Song Dynasty, the lower reaches of the Wusong River were roughly from Beixinjing to Tanziwan via present-day Caoyang New Village, then to Qiujiang Road in the northeast, and then to Qiujiang Wharf, and then along the Huangpu River to the north of Fuxing Island to Datiaopukou [later renamed Wusongkou]. into the Yangtze River. At the beginning of the Yuan Dynasty, due to the tides in the lower reaches of the Wusong River, the sea and sand went up against the tide, and many silt beaches rose up, which became narrower and narrower.Afterwards, dredging was repeated many times, but with little success.Therefore, Zhou Wenying boldly proposed in "On Sanwu Water Conservancy": "Abandon the swollen land in the southeast of Wusong, ignore it, and concentrate on Liujiagang in the northeast of Jiangxi [by: Liuhe]... from the depths of Wusong River , into the summer driving Pu [note: located in Kunshan] and Xinjun Gang Pu into the sea." In the early Ming Dynasty, Xia Yuanji’s "Susong Water Conservancy" said: "The Wusong River extends for more than 250 miles and is 150 feet wide. It connects Taihu Lake in the west and the sea in the east. The rushing, sand and mud silting, repeated dredging and blockage, can not last long. It is about 120 miles from Wujiang Changqiao to Xiajiapu, although there are many shallow and narrow places for the flow of clouds; from Xiajiapu to the south of Shanghai County More than 130 miles away from Tiaopukou, the sediment was gradually rising, the tide was obstructed, and the water reeds were overgrown, and it had become a flat land. If you want to dredge it, it will cost a lot of money, and the quicksand and silt are floating and turbulent, making it difficult to construct.” Therefore, Xia Yuanji dredged. The tributaries on the north and north banks of the Wusong River divert water from Taihu Lake into the Liuhe River, and Baimao flows directly into the Yangtze River.In addition, Huangpu [it was called Huangpu River after the Opium War] originally passed through Shanghai Pu [now Hongkou Port] and joined Wusong River near Jiaxing Road Bridge in Hongkou District today [here was called Huangpukou], which was its tributary; because Huangpukou has been silted up When it failed, Xia Yuanji dredged Fanjiabang in the northeast of Shanghai County [now the Huangpu River from Waibaidu Bridge to Fuxing Island], so that Huangpu would flow northwest from Fuxing Island to Wusongkou and flow into the Yangtze River.At this time, Wusongkou actually became Huangpukou. Ming Hongzhi's "Shanghai Chronicle" stated that after Huangpu, "the tide was so strong that it moistened hundreds of miles", and the water potential increased greatly.With the emergence of the situation of "Huangpu seizing the Song Dynasty", the Wusong River gradually took a secondary position.Therefore, Jinzao mentioned in "Six Things about Water Control" written around the ninth year of Hongzhi [1496]: "Those who follow the situation" think that "Huangpu is connected, and Songjiang is connected." Xia Yuanji was down-to-earth, diligent in government and caring for the people, shared joys and sorrows with the people, and made great contributions to the construction of water conservancy in Wu and Zhejiang.According to historical records, in the first year of Yongle in the Ming Dynasty [1403], Wu and Zhejiang were severely flooded.Zhu Di, Emperor Chengzu of the Ming Dynasty, dispatched Xia Yuanji from the household department to control the flood.After Xia Yuanji arrived in Wuzhe in August, he immediately inspected the disaster situation and surveyed the river course. He found that the lower reaches of the Taihu Lake Basin were flat and the river course was curved, narrow and often silted up.Therefore, dredging the downstream rivers [Wusong River, Liujia River, Baimao River] to flow smoothly into the sea is the key to water management in Wuzhe River.So he mobilized more than 100,000 migrant workers from the two places to fight day and night, dredging the Wusong River, Baimaotang, Liujiahe, Fanjiabang, Dahuangpu and other rivers, diverting the water from the upper reaches of the Wusong River to the Yangtze River through the Liujia River, focusing on digging Fanjiabang , so that it is connected with the Huangpu River, and the water from the rivers and lakes in the east of Taihu Lake, especially the water from the west of Zhejiang, is discharged into the Yangtze River along the Huangpu River, making the Huangpu River the main flood discharge channel of Taihu Lake. .Through this dredging, not only the drainage situation in the lower reaches of Taihu Lake has been improved, but also the drainage pattern has been changed, from the Wusong River as the main drainage channel to the Huangpu River as the main drainage channel. This situation has continued to this day. .One hundred thousand troops dredged the river on the vast Jiangnan land, which was perhaps the most spectacular water control scene in the world at that time.During the flood control period, Xia Yuanji practiced himself, walking in commoner clothes, eating and sleeping in the wind, and running around the construction site day and night, and finally completely eradicated the frequent floods in Wu and Zhejiang in the Taihu Lake Basin, so that the floods in Tiaoxi and Taihu Lakes during the Yongle period were cured, and the people benefited from it. .At the same time, he also wrote to the imperial court, truthfully stating in detail the suffering and hunger of the people, requesting tax relief for the victims, and asking for 300,000 shi of relief food to relieve the victims.Minister of the Ming Dynasty [Prince Young Teacher] Yao Guangxiao praised Xia Yuanji and said: "The love of the past." There was another person worth mentioning who followed Xia Yuanji in water governance: Ye Zongxing.Ye Zongxing's famous patriarch, a native of Luhui Yegang, is a descendant of the famous official Ye Mengde.Back then, the waterway of the Huangpu River went directly eastward from Zhagang to the sea. Once heavy rains fell in the Shanghai area, due to the congestion of the lower reaches of the Pujiang River, it was difficult for the Wusong River to flow into the sea, causing disasters in Suzhou and Songjiangfu.At the beginning of the Yongle period of the Ming Dynasty, all walks of life called for the prevention of floods and the need to thoroughly control the water system of the Huangpu River. Ye Zongxing came forward. The rivers and rivers merge to increase the water potential and rush into the sea to prevent flooding.The imperial court adopted his opinion and ordered him to follow Xia Yuanji, Shangshu of the household department, to manage the Huangpu River waterway.In the second year, Ye Zongxing and Xia Yuanji organized and governed the army, diverted Taihu Lake water into Liujiagang and Baimaogang, dredged the Wusong River, Dahuangpu, and Chiyanpu, and opened the north-south Fanjiabang to make the Huangpu River The downstream water system forms a network, unimpeded, and floods are eliminated.Ye Zongxing was recommended by Xia Shangshu for his meritorious service in water control, and was promoted to the county magistrate of Qiantang, Zhejiang Province.At that time, Qiantang County was the capital of Zhejiang Province, and the corvee was heavy. The rich and wealthy could spend money to escape, while the common people suffered from corvée.After Ye Zongxing took office, he first revised the service law, stipulating that the population should be divided into two groups, A and B, to serve in rotation.Within a few months, the corvee will be balanced and the society will be stable.People in Qiantang called Ye Zong's behavior "Ye Qing in Qiantang". According to the "Songjiang Mansion Chronicle" recorded by Emperor Kangxi of the Qing Dynasty: In the 16th year of Zhengde in the Ming Dynasty [1521], Li Yunsi led the migrant workers to "drive the Pu River to dredge the river since the summer, and change it into the Pu Road".At that time, the section of Suzhou Creek from today's Beixinjing to Caojiadu was opened in the lower reaches of the Wusong River, connecting the widened Songjiabang [now Suzhou Creek from Caojiadu to Waibaidu Bridge].In the third year of Longqing in the Ming Dynasty [1569], Hai Rui managed the Wusong River. The section below Beixinjing did not restore the old river course, but dredged the "reformed" "Road to Pu" half a century ago, which was presided over by Li Yunsi in the past. The "old road" left by the project [now Suzhou Creek in the urban area].Hai Rui saw that after the "Jiangpu Confluence", the narrow Wusong River in the lower reaches has actually become a tributary of Huangpu, so he said in "Opening the Wusong River": "The water from the Wusong River discharges from Taihu Lake and flows into the sea from Huangpu"; and determined that, "The original river was thirty feet wide, but now it is proposed to be fifteen feet wide."As a result, the river shape of Suzhou Creek in today's urban area is basically established. These evolutions of the Wusong River are available in historical data.Many authoritative monographs on local history published in recent years have also described this. For example, Chu Shaotang's "Shanghai Historical Geography" believes that: "The lower reaches of the Wusong River became a tributary of the Huangpu River after it was introduced into the current road in the middle of the Ming Dynasty"; "Shanghai General History " pointed out: "By the middle of the Ming Dynasty, the status of the Huangpu River surpassed that of the Wusong River"; The Jiabang New Road was dredged... So far, the lower reaches of the Wusong River have been completely changed into the current Suzhou Creek Road, which flows into the Huangpu River from the Waibaidu Bridge and becomes a tributary of the Huangpu River."Due to changes in geographical conditions, the Wusong River's status as the main discharge channel of Taihu Lake was challenged early on. However, Hai Rui faced up to the reality and dredged it as a tributary of Huangpu River first, making an indelible contribution to water control. Lin Zexu's "Selling Cigarettes in Humen" has attracted worldwide attention and no one knows it.It is said that before the "smash of cigarettes", he organized a translation team to translate both the British "Geography Encyclopedia" and the Swiss jurist Vatel's "International Law", in order to know ourselves and the enemy, and win the battle.It can be seen that he is not only a politician, but also has a rigorous scientific attitude.In terms of "water control", Lin Zexu also had vision and achievements, which are rarely known to the world. In 1811, Lin Zexu began to enter the officialdom.For forty years, he has encouraged himself by "managing the world".According to "Several Anecdotes of Ancestor Lin Zexu" written by his sixth granddaughter Lin Min, he once engraved a seal to show his aspirations, and the seal was "management of Jianghuai, Hehan".Based on the relevant historical data, it can be known that Lin Zexu did "serve as an official and benefit one party".In the land where he was an official, he did several major water conservancy projects that were remarkable at the time, which is commendable.During his seven years in the capital, he extensively collected dozens of water conservancy experts since the Yuan and Ming Dynasties on the construction of Jifu water conservancy works, and published the "Jifu Water Conservancy Discussion", advocating the development of water conservancy in North China, the promotion of rice planting, the local settlement of grain, and the reasonable settlement of food from the south to the north. Transport and the past disadvantages of water transport.History has proven this to be a visionary. Lin Zexu later served as the inspector of Jiangsu, and he also made good efforts to control the floods of Gaojiayan and Hongze Lake in the south of the Yangtze River.The most famous one is the governance of the ancient "Three Rivers" in Jiangsu [that is, Wusong River, Huangpu River, and Lou River] in 1833 and the related Baihe Project.At that time, one of the "Three Rivers" was in disrepair for a long time, and the river course was silted up and caused a major flood.Lin Zexu adopted the policy of "relief with work", Louhe was built with government borrowing, Baihe was built with officials' donations, and Lin himself donated 1,000 taels.The project was completed in a few months, and "the waterways of Taicang are all connected to reach the tail".In the south of the Yangtze River, "Li Yu's women are cheap, and lamb wine sings." At that time, someone compared him to Hai Rui. In the fifteenth year of Daoguang in the Qing Dynasty [1835], Lin Zexu, then governor of Jiangsu, came to Songjiang for inspection.He inspected the embankment of the Huangpu River, then went north through Zoumatang and exited the Maokou, and arrived at Chengzhao Temple in the north of the Maohe River.After hearing the news, Mao Yingguan, the magistrate of Lou County [the Songjiang River belonged to Lou County], and Cai Weixin, the magistrate of Qingpu County, came to discuss the water control plan. The three counties worked together to dredge 2,965 feet of Maotan, which was completed in the second year.Since then, the waterway of Maohe River has been unimpeded, and the water of Taihu Lake has reached Huangpu River directly, which has played a great role in flood discharge and waterlogging prevention and farmland irrigation in this area. Years flow like a river.Suzhou Creek and Huangpu River have witnessed Shanghai, an oriental metropolis, grow from small to large, from humble to prosperous, from poor to rich.The generations of Shanghainese living by the river have also witnessed the process of the two mother rivers turning from clear to turbid. A century ago, the water of Suzhou Creek was clear and there were swarms of fish and shrimp.The concession authorities at that time selected sites for the construction of waterworks. They sampled the water quality of Suzhou Creek, Huangpu River, and Dianshan Lake, and sent the samples to the UK for analysis. It was found that the water quality of Suzhou Creek was the best.So the waterworks was built on the banks of the Suzhou River, and the water from the Suzhou River is the tap water that Shanghainese drink.However, the good times didn’t last long. During the First World War, industries and populations on both sides of the Suzhou Creek developed and increased rapidly, and a large amount of domestic sewage and industrial wastewater were discharged into the Suzhou Creek. By 1920, the water in Suzhou Creek began to appear black and smelly.Although every water body has inherent self-purification ability, as long as there is enough clear water and flow velocity, the pollutants in the water can be degraded or diluted. However, Suzhou Creek is a river with little clear water and low flow velocity, and its self-purification ability is extremely high. Poor, with the increase of factories on both sides of the strait and the concentration of residents, a large amount of industrial waste water and domestic sewage are discharged into the river, so that the sewage in the river has far exceeded the clean water, so the river water is getting dirtier and more polluted.In addition, the Suzhou Creek is also affected by the tide. When the tide is high, the water flows from the downstream to the upstream; when the tide is low, the river flows to the estuary. The time ratio of the high tide and low tide is about 5:7, and the sewage in the river echoes back and forth with the tide within a day. It cannot be discharged twice, resulting in higher and higher concentration of sewage.In the 1970s, the entire main stream of Suzhou Creek was polluted. The water body in the urban river section was black and smelly all the year round. Fish and shrimps disappeared, and garbage floated on the water surface. After liberation, under the leadership of the party and the government, many artificial rivers were excavated in Shanghai, such as the Dianpu River, which is more than 50 kilometers long, connecting Dianshan Lake and Huangpu River. Play the role of drainage.The Dazhi River and Chuanyang River in Pudong were excavated to connect the Huangpu River and the East China Sea, playing an important role in shipping and drainage. These new rivers have made important contributions to Shanghai's economic development.However, it has been difficult to find a good way to control the pollution of rivers. The serious pollution of the Huangpu River and Suzhou Creek has affected the hearts of the country's leaders. In 1970, Premier Zhou Enlai accompanied foreign guests to Shanghai and took a boat tour on the Huangpu River. When the boat passed the Waibaidu Bridge, the black and yellow water boundary between Suzhou Creek and Huangpu River caught the attention of Premier Zhou. He stared at the polluted river water with a solemn expression. .He once said to the accompanying party and government officials in Shanghai: Engaging in industry should not bring disadvantages to people's lives, and attention should be paid to properly handling industrial pollution.These meaningful words of Premier Zhou have been reverberating in the hearts of Shanghainese for many years.Controlling the pollution of the Huangpu River and Suzhou Creek has become the top priority of Shanghai's water conservancy projects. Fight against the enemies that pollute the river!Where is this enemy?How to fight this war?For nearly half a century, Shanghai's flood control army has been answering this question.Since the mid-1970s, Shanghainese have been trying to clean up the Huangpu River and Suzhou Creek. However, there is no comprehensive and scientific plan, and there are not many effective actions.Really effective governance comes after the reform and opening up. The biggest source of pollution in the Huangpu River is the Suzhou Creek. To clean the Huangpu River, the Suzhou Creek must be treated first. In August 1988, Comrade Jiang Zemin, then secretary of the Shanghai Municipal Party Committee, wrote an inscription: "Determined to manage Suzhou Creek well." In the group, Mayor Xu Kuangdi served as the leader of the Suzhou River Improvement Leading Group, and the two deputy mayors served as executive deputy leaders, with a full-time office under it.Such a strong leadership lineup is the first time in Shanghai. In August of the same year, the "Suzhou Creek Environmental Comprehensive Improvement Planning Outline" passed expert review.The plan clearly divides the rectification steps into three phases: near, mid, and far: the first phase focuses on sewage interception and management of the main stream, the second phase expands to the tributaries of the Suzhou Creek, focusing on river basin governance, and the third phase focuses on repairing the Suzhou Creek flood control wall and dredging sediment.The plan clarifies the goal of remediation: in 2000, black and odorous waters in the main stream will be eliminated, and land areas will be cured of dirt and chaos; in 2010, fish and shrimps in the river will reappear, and the ecological environment will be restored.The generation of this planning outline is a process of scientific decision-making.In order to formulate the plan, more than 10 expert meetings were held, 12 major revisions were made, seven drafts were changed, and the municipal government discussed 3 times, up and down, repeatedly, in order to be scientific, reasonable and practical.Without this rigorous and scientific planning outline, the comprehensive management of Suzhou Creek may become empty talk. At the beginning of the formulation of the plan, there was an endless debate: whether to treat the symptoms or the root cause.The palliative is to dredge the sludge at the bottom of the Suzhou Creek to clean up the decades-old dirt and improve the water quality of the Suzhou Creek.This solution was a popular method of river management in China at that time, and it was also a short-term effective method, but it did not solve the root cause of Suzhou Creek pollution.The root cause is to completely cut off the source of pollution in Suzhou Creek. By relocating factories and collecting sewage into pipes, the colorful sewage will no longer flow into Suzhou Creek day after day, and supplemented by water diversion and other measures to wait for Suzhou Creek to gradually clear up.In the end, the scientific spirit prevailed over quick success. Comprehensive improvement of Suzhou Creek environment is a "popular project".This comprehensive improvement project is a long-term and complicated system project. The previous Shanghai Municipal Party Committee and Municipal Government have attached great importance to the improvement of Suzhou Creek, which is unprecedented in the history of Shanghai. Regulating the Suzhou Creek and making the Suzhou Creek clear is a long-awaited wish of the people of Shanghai. It is a real "people's heart" project. In order to renovate the Suzhou Creek, a large number of residents living near the river had to be relocated, but the relocation of residents has progressed rapidly. It went very smoothly, without too much mobilization, and the citizens were reasonable and cooperative.Caring for and caring for the mother river has become the conscious action of many citizens.After the establishment of the Suzhou Creek Environmental Comprehensive Improvement Office in Shanghai, citizens continued to send in donations, and received a total of 12.5 million yuan in donations from people from all walks of life.This fully demonstrates that if we really focus on solving the most concerned, most direct and most practical interests of the citizens, we will be able to win the sincere support of the citizens.The smooth progress of the Suzhou Creek Treatment Project is inseparable from the support of the people of Shanghai, and it also benefits from the citizens' deepening understanding of environmental protection and scientific development. A real people's war in Shanghai to control river pollution has kicked off. Along the banks of the Suzhou Creek, there are so many sources of pollution, factory wastewater, urban domestic sewage, garbage and feces docks, agricultural sewage, livestock and poultry sewage... Thousands of tons of sewage are randomly discharged into the Suzhou Creek every day.How can the ancient Suzhou Creek, which is not wide, be able to bear such a filthy spill? It can only be borne by its own pollution and the continuous decline of self-purification ability. To make Suzhou Creek and Huangpu River clean, the first task is to cut off the source of pollution. This is the only way to cure the root cause, and there is no other shortcut.This is also the top priority of the first phase of the renovation project. How to intercept pollution is complicated and the project is huge.The Shanghai Municipal Government has made up its mind that no matter how difficult it is, no matter how many obstacles there are, it will never retreat.Thousands of factories, enterprises, and docks along the Suzhou Creek and its tributaries have been closed, stopped, and relocated.Factories and enterprises with sewage discharge are no longer allowed to discharge randomly, and must carry out sewage treatment and bring it into unified management. On August 25, 1988, at an open space at No. 606 Pushan Road, Shanghai, the first phase of the combined sewage project in the Suzhou Creek area was laid.A massive water control battle was launched quietly in a secluded small alley... In the following five years, the first phase of the Suzhou Creek Confluence Sewage Project built a 34.28-kilometer-long double-hole underground box culvert, covering the Suzhou Creek. The wastewater and initial rainwater from nearly 200 enterprises along the main stream were included. The first phase of Suzhou Creek Comprehensive Improvement Project closely revolves around the core of sewage interception and water control.The northern and southern parts of both sides of the Suzhou Creek, as well as the Hongkou Port and Yangpu Port areas connected to the Suzhou Creek water system, the sewage from related factories, enterprises, livestock farms and residential areas will no longer be directly discharged into the river, but will be collected through special pipelines and transported to the river. to the sewage treatment plant.For example, the sewage collected from the Hebei area of ​​Suzhou is sent to the Shidongkou urban sewage treatment plant. After advanced secondary biochemical treatment, it reaches the national first-level standard, and then discharged to the Yangtze River estuary. The treated water can be used for fish farming. The first phase of the Suzhou Creek sewage treatment project was completed at the end of 1993. Within an area of ​​more than 100 square kilometers on the north bank of the Suzhou River, 1.4 million cubic meters of domestic sewage and industrial wastewater were directly discharged into the Suzhou Creek every day, laying the foundation for the governance of the Suzhou Creek. . The sewage interception project of the tributaries of Suzhou Creek is the main measure for water control of Suzhou Creek, and it is also an important prerequisite for the elimination of black and odor in Suzhou Creek.The sewage collection area of ​​the tributary sewage interception project is about 200 square kilometers. It is planned to intercept 1,635 pollution sources, and the intercepted sewage volume reaches 254,400 tons per day.The tributary sewage interception project has been carried out in an all-round way as planned, and the management of the intercepted pollution source units has already started. During the three years from 1998 to 2000, Shanghai successfully implemented various engineering and management measures such as tributary sewage interception, sewage diversion, river aeration, factory relocation, and coastal greening.A total of 8,266 relevant rivers [sections] have been rehabilitated in the city, with a length of 5,397.2 kilometers [including 88.2 kilometers of urban rivers and 5,309 kilometers of suburban rivers], and 36.628 million cubic meters of earthwork dredged [including 1.199 million cubic meters in urban areas and 35.429 million cubic meters in suburban areas] ], 3,175 pollution sources were intercepted, and an average of more than 300,000 cubic meters of sewage was discharged to Suzhou Creek every day.Demolition or demolition area of ​​254,000 square meters, removal of 492,000 tons of garbage and aquatic plants on the water surface; relocation of all industries, transportation, sanitation terminals and polluting enterprises along the urban section of Suzhou Creek, adjustment of the direction of ships entering and leaving the Suzhou Creek waterway, Implemented the sewage interception project of the six main tributaries of the upper reaches of the Suzhou Creek, the second phase of the Bailonggang combined sewage treatment project, and the Humin sewage north drainage project; and organized hydrology, sluices, pumping stations, drainage and other institutions, and started 53 The sluices will carry out continuous comprehensive water diversion operations to divert and clear sewage, which will significantly improve the water body of Suzhou Creek, basically eliminate the black and odorous water quality and the color difference at the intersection of Suzhou Creek and Huangpu River. On April 20, 2001, Shanghai's "Liberation Daily" reported a piece of news titled "Introduction to Suzhou Creek Harnessing Projects", which reported the ten major projects of the first phase of the Suzhou Creek Comprehensive Harnessing Project, which moved Shanghai readers: The overall improvement of Suzhou Creek will implement 17 projects successively. The first phase of the project consists of ten major projects. It is expected to be fully completed by the end of 2004. The total investment of the project is 8.65 billion yuan. The ten projects are: 1. Suzhou Creek tributary sewage interception project: This project mainly collects 597,000 m3/D sewage from 19 plots without drainage system in the six tributary areas of the middle and lower reaches of Suzhou Creek. The backbone project was completed at the end of 2000. 2. Shanghai Shidongkou Urban Sewage Treatment Plant Project: Located in the north of Yunchuan Road, south of the planned shoreline of the Yangtze River.The scale of the project is controlled at 400,000 m3/D for the first phase and 800,000 m3/D for the long-term.Sewage treatment adopts secondary biochemical treatment, denitrification and phosphorus removal, and discharges after reaching the standard after disinfection.The first phase of the project is expected to be completed in 2003. 3. Dry-flow sewage interception project in Hongkou Port and Yangpu Port area: the project will use the dry-weather surplus of the interception main pipe of the combined sewage first-phase project in the near future to intercept 416,600 tons of dry-flow sewage that is directly discharged into the two ports every day, and will be included in the sewage treatment three in the long-term period project.The interception pipeline of the project has a total length of about 29,000 meters and was fully completed in 2001. 4. Relocation of Sanitation Wharf of Suzhou Creek and Water Cleaning Project: The project includes the construction of waste transfer stations and parking lots in Huangpu, Jing'an and Zhabei districts; two excrement discharge stations; one set of water cleaning system; one set of environmental sanitation management station and berthing point; 1 set of relocation transition project. 5. Sluice construction control project for seven tributaries of Suzhou Creek including Mudu Port: The project mainly builds sluice control projects for seven tributaries of the Suzhou River Basin, dredging some tributary channels, and building and repairing pumping stations and gates.The project officially started in 1998. 6. Comprehensive water diversion project: The project involves the adjustable river network areas on both sides of the Suzhou River in the north and south, involving four water conservancy sub-sections of Yunnan, Jiabao North, Dianbei, and Qingsong Controlling Sections and the establishment of the hydrological and water quality of Suzhou Creek. Monitoring System. Construction started in 1998, and the backbone project was completed before 2003. 7. Hongkou Port Water System Improvement Project: Mainly carry out flood control wall reinforcement, reconstruction and new construction on both sides of Hongkou Port, Yujingpu, Shajing Port, Xisitang, Nansitang, Jiangwan City River and Zoumatang waters, and build three new ones Pumping stations, sluices and a dividing culvert.Construction started in 1998 and was completed in 2003. 8. Suzhou Creek bottom sediment dredging project: The project will dredge the Suzhou Creek bottom sediment in the urban area.The dredged sludge will be disposed of in a comprehensive way, and it is now considered to be implemented simultaneously with the renovation project of the Suzhou Creek flood control wall, which will be completed before 2004. 9. Suzhou Creek Flood Control Wall Reconstruction Project: The construction scope of the project is from the east side of Xinjing, Hebei, Suzhou to the estuary. The total length of the river is about 16.7 kilometers. landscape issues.The project was completed before 2003. 10. Aeration and re-oxygenation project of Suzhou Creek: It can reduce organic pollutants in water body in a relatively short period of time, increase dissolved oxygen level in water body, and improve water body environmental quality.工程范围自黄渡至河口共35公里范围，重点在北新泾至河口18公里河段。工程计划于2002年启动，2003年结束。 报道中介绍的这些工程，都是规划中的内容，如今早已一一兑现。这是无数上海人齐心协力共同奋战的结果，苏州河水也随之一天比一天少了混浊，多了清澈。 苏州河地区合流污水一期工程让上海人看到希望：只要用心治理，苏州河就不是一潭死水。这是一个需要毅力与恒心的过程，持之以恒的关键，在于明确的治理规划，以及相应制度的建立和完善。 2000年，苏州河黑臭现象基本消除。那年11月间，北大、清华、上海交大等高校在苏州河上赛艇，这是苏州河上举办的第一次大型水上活动。市民们奔走相告，争相前来观看。这不禁使人想起了英国泰晤士河上的牛津大学与剑桥大学的划艇比赛。泰晤士河也曾是一条被污染的河流，虽然情况远不如苏州河那么严重，但也因鱼虾死亡而曾引起英国人的担忧和惊叹，很多人认为泰晤士被污染难以逆转。我很多年前看到过关于泰晤士被污染的报道，心想，城市河流，大概难逃苏州河的命运，即便在发达国家，也是如此。然而泰晤士河却经历了由清变浊，又由浊而清的变化。几年后，关于英国人整治泰晤士河成效显著的报道，我也看到了。当时曾经感慨，什么时候，苏州河也能变清，并且也举行划艇比赛呢？想不到，这梦想一般的愿望，竟在苏州河上变成了现实。 2003年苏州河综合整治二期工程启动，主要目标仍然是治污。2003年4月的《解放日报》上，有一篇题为《明日苏州河：先睹未来苏州河四大亮点》报道，描绘了苏州河综合整治第二期工程完成后的美妙前景，市民争相传阅这篇给人带来美妙想象的报道： 苏州河环境综合整治二期工程在春日和煦的微风中启动了。 苏州河、黄浦江口将现“小瀑布”！河口水闸工程的蓝图引来了海内外人士的好奇目光。其实，除了河口水闸，苏州河二期规划中还有一系列鲜为人知的亮点。在不久的将来，苏州河上，绿树葱茏掩映粼粼碧波，河流与湖泊亲密接触，艺术岸线边白帆点点，工业博览馆乍现河畔……记者将带着你穿越时空，先睹未来苏州河四大亮点。 亮点一：梦清园水清木华 亮点二：银锄湖通吴淞江 亮点三：游艇码头八九处 亮点四：工业区变“博物馆” 据统计，苏州河沿线列入保护名册的市级以上文物保护单位以及市级优秀近代保护建筑达28处之多，此外还有37处公寓、里弄建筑以及仓库建筑被认定为具有保留价值。根据城市肌理，除昌化路段的工业建筑保护区外，苏州河沿线还划分出3个特色建筑区：吴淞路桥地区，体现河口历史风貌，建设具有国际水准、体现上海特色的都市休闲综合体；浙江路至乌镇路地区，将作为仓库工业建筑保护区，具有历史意义的仓库建筑将恢复原貌，形成苏州河畔的艺术展示区；华东政法学院区域，重点保护中西合璧的校园建筑。 这篇报道中对未来苏州河及其沿岸美妙风光的描绘和想象，现在大多已经成为现实。当年人们避之不及的苏州河，已经成为可亲可近的城市风景。 2005年二期工程完工之后，苏州河干流的截污能力已达到90％，苏州河水质大为改观。2007年，苏州河整治三期工程启动。2009年将实施苏州河中下游底泥疏浚，进一步恢复河道生态。从1988年苏州河河流污水治理一期工程奠基开始，20多年过去，上海市领导换了几任，苏州河治理却从未间断。20年中，治理苏州河投入数百亿元，苏州河开始美丽变身。 治理改造苏州河的过程，对上海人来说，是一个圆梦的过程。 苏州河属于双向流动的潮汐河流，有涨潮，也有落潮。涨潮时，黄浦江水倒灌进苏州河，退潮时，苏州河便露出黑臭的面目。记得我儿时在苏州河游泳，总是挑选涨潮时分，退潮的苏州河，是一条污浊可怕的脏水河。用一道开启自如的闸门，控制潮水，是治理苏州河污水的重要手段。 上世纪90年代初，在苏州河口建造了吴淞路闸桥，对防汛和交通起到了很好的作用，但吴淞路桥水闸只能单向挡水，对截污清流起不了什么作用。在苏州河口新建一座全新的双向挡水排水的水闸，是苏州河综合整治第二期工程中最引人注目的大工程。这是一项施工技术异常复杂，集景观、环保于一身的大工程，接下这个工程的上海三航局亮出“誓以一流苏州河水闸工程回报社会”巨大横幅，表达了打造一流精品工程的决心。 从2003年开始动工的苏州河河口水闸工程，是一个异常艰巨困难的工程，施工过程几乎处处受限。一是苏州河口不能停航施工，100米宽的河口船只穿梭往来，留给施工的空当太小。二是跨汛期施工，26个月的工期中有两大汛期，紧而又紧的工期不允许在汛期停工。三是水下和地表下施工，水下防渗系统改造、防冲护地铺设、闸底板沉放固定等均在水下施工，质量控制与检测难度极大。四是噪声、震动、油雾等环保因素对施工限制多，施工会不会破坏环境，制造污染，尤其对墩墙与水下施工提出很高的要求。五是施工质量要求高，墩台设计精度为2毫米，3个墩台不是同时施工，要求3个水下搁置点最终水平误差在2毫米之内，难度可以想见。 在工程前期施工中，南北中三个墩面的沉井安放和打桩施工是重中之重。中墩沉井长13米，宽18米，中间打入24根直径60厘米的钢管桩，南北墩沉井长与宽为16米、30米，南墩沉入40根钢管桩，北墩做40根钻孔灌注桩，在南北两岸打地下连续墙、支护钢板桩、高喷、悬喷、灌砂等土体支护结构和采用多种支护手段，2003年9月30日，中墩施工率先开始。基坑开挖后，400多吨的沉井套箱沉放是个难题。项目部成立了QC攻关小组，保证沉箱均匀准位下沉。整整一个多月，沉井终于沉到离标高仅一米左右，暂停沉放，开始在沉井里打桩。 24根桩打完后，沉井离标高还有40公分无论如何沉不下去了，沉桩后的土体更密实了，无论怎样用高压水枪冲，沉箱动也不动。于是QC小组通过土体摩擦力的一系列计算，认为有360吨压力可以将它压到位。于是用反压千斤顶将电子控制液压压力调至360吨，终于一次压到位。 北墩邻近俄罗斯领事馆，打桩的噪声和震动势必影响俄领馆。what to do?施工队改用沉井内做钻孔灌注桩，在把钢浮筒打入水下30米之后，32根灌注桩施工开始了。在上海地区做水下深度为－70米钻孔灌注桩是匪夷所思的事情，但他们终于取得了成功，并创造了上海滩做钻孔灌注桩水下深度的纪录。 在沉井安放和桩基施工的一年半中，施工单位的设点监测哨一直睁大了眼睛，观察两岸地表、深层和土体位移情况、监测环境保护点分布在黄浦公园、海鸥饭店、外白渡桥等处，他们每天提供大量测出的数据，为工程下一步施工提供依据。 为了减小对周边环境的影响，施工单位除了在北墩施工中采用钻孔灌注桩，在中墩和南墩施工中，又别出心裁，用起重船吊打液压振动锤压桩的办法，尽量避免了噪音、震动和油雾污染。施工项目部在沉井里用槽钢搭制一个施工平台，然后用多个榔头试打，一开始困难重重，一筹莫展。全上海没有能沉放－71米标高桩长的大能量的压桩设备。项目部用液压振动锤试打，打了一万多次后，桩的贯入度为零，就是下不去，后来换成一个英国产的56吨重锤，桩是下去了，但噪声大，震动剧烈，还是不行。经过反复试验，最后采用一个重量仅20吨的S150锤的能量和频率，成功了。施工队委托上海交大噪音研究所设计了一个消音罩壳罩在锤体外，又减小10分贝噪音。在近两年的施工过程中，外白渡桥上、黄浦公园内、上海人民英雄纪念塔下仍然游人如织，人们几乎没有觉察到，一个巨大的水下工程正在近在咫尺的地方轰轰烈烈地进行。 长99米、宽14米、吃水6米深、重达8200吨的闸底板制作、运输和安放，是水闸工程的压轴大戏，科技含金量极高，系工程成败于一身。大闸底板在外高桥的南造船基地制作，考虑到这个巨型封盖式钢浮箱在水中虽有千吨以上浮力，但底板与船坞底板之间会有巨大的附着力，等到闸底板起浮时，会不会被这股附着力如同大吸盘般吸牢。为了解决这一疑难问题，一批资深专家彻夜不眠研究对策，终于想出了对策：向贯通闸底板上下的100多个预留注砂孔注水，消除了大部分吸附力；在底板四周凿空60厘米，减小底板吸附面积；缓加水400吨，减小底板自重；准备10只100吨级千斤顶以防不测；提前注入3米深水，让底板充分浸润……2004年10月18日早晨，大底板在坞内徐徐浮起，悬在人们心上的石头落了地。大底板从外高桥经吴淞口进入黄浦江，等候在一年一次的高潮位抵达苏州河河口落位。由于闸底板呈L形不均匀几何状，底板起浮后拖运时保证平衡是又一个难题，若浮在江面上的闸底板两端有20厘米高差将无法顺利进入沉放位置，这些问题必须在拖带待命时解决好，如抵达现场再纠正时间将不允许。施工项目部在闸底板的相应位置及底板内部分分舱灌水或抽水进行调平。由于预案周密细致，措施有力，L形的大底板四平八稳。2004年10月29日上午，将近万吨重的巨大底板“兵临城下”，此时，正是苏州河全年的最高潮位。根据瞬时潮位，指挥部发出指令，闸底板于10时、11时、12时、13时依次进位。下午1时半，指挥部下达了最后到位的指令。5部绞车拉放有序，底板外侧的两艘拖轮簇拥着闸底板微微前移，缓缓靠在了南北边墩的限位槽内。下午3时40分，闸底板终于下沉到设计标高，准确到位，丝毫无误，工地上一片欢腾。 新建的苏州河河口水闸，功能和作用与吴淞路闸桥完全不同。河口水闸宽102米、高9米，位于外白渡桥边，是国内同类型中最大的水闸，可以抵御黄浦江千年一遇的潮汛。苏州河河口水闸能够灵活闭启，随时截流或放水。水闸启动时，还能调控苏州河水位。建河口水闸前，有关部门曾做过试验，一个污水团在苏州河里，要经过14天才能最终入海。有了苏州河河口水闸，涨潮时放下水闸，落潮时打开水闸，苏州河脏水自西向东流入大海，再不会在原地徘徊不前，确保流水不腐。通过综合调水，改变了苏州河因涨、落潮造成的河水回流，让河水变成由西向东单向流动，从而充分调用上游相对清洁的水源，使苏州河上、下游的水量分别增加2.5倍和3.3倍，这对改善苏州河水质发挥了显著作用。除河口水闸外，苏州河各支流上还有6座水闸，在苏州河消除黑臭过程中，各守一方。 苏州河整治二期工程另一个重点是沿岸市政泵站雨天排江量削减工程，也就是雨水调蓄池。下暴雨时，早期雨水会冲刷、携带大量污染物，直接排入苏州河，这是苏州河重要的污染之一。新建的雨水调蓄池可以把最初半小时到一小时的肮脏雨水储存起来，不让它们流入苏州河，之后再把储存的雨水输送到污水厂处理。规划中的五个雨水调蓄池建成之后，将有7.52万立方米的初期雨水被收集处理后排放，大大减少雨水给苏州河带来的污染。 苏州河二期工程计划截流6条主要支流污染源636家，其中320家的污水将在年内被收集处理。如今的苏州河，黑臭现象已不复存在。专家指出，2004年苏州河主要水质指标监测数据中，苏州河主要水质指标化学需氧量、五日生化需氧量较1998年大幅降低，已稳定达到五类水标准，排入苏州河的污染负荷明显减少。 在整治苏州河的过程中，现代科技发挥了巨大的作用。科技人员用开拓创新的精神，为江河清污工作交出一份又一份出色的答卷。 获得2003年国家科技进步二等奖的项目《苏州河水环境治理关键技术研究》就是使苏州河干流消除黑臭的重要法宝。If a worker wants to do a good job, he must first sharpen his tools.为了掌握污染源的具体位置，项目组建立了全市污染源GIS【地理信息系统】定向数据库，对全市近6万个水环境污染源在大比例尺地图上进行定位，使每个污染源的排放量，直排还是间接排放，排放变化等情况一目了然。这就像一个随时跟踪敌情的“作战地图”，使整治苏州河有了本明白账。项目组还建立了环境数学模拟技术，可随时了解水源情况，水质变化，用计算机进行数字试验，大大节省了人力财力。 对“病症”心中有数之后就可以对症下药，下一步工作就重点放在“治”上，也就是要截污治污，截断大量排放到干流的污水，将污染源纳管外排，减少工业废水和生活污水排入苏州河。项目组研发的微型顶管技术可以直接在地下施工铺设管道，不但改善了用开挖法施工的耗时耗力，还不破坏地上设施。 苏州河综合治理工程点多线长，开挖路面施工不仅严重影响交通，而且也会影响市容，在上海正举行重要国际会议期间，市有关部门要求施工不准挖开路面。施工单位针对曹安路和沪青平公路地下管线复杂、障碍物多以及流沙土地质给施工带来的困难，进行了多次现场试验，首次研制生产出小口径钢筋混凝土管道。施工中，先用带有雷达导向仪的定向钻机，按照设计轨迹，钻出一个通道，当通道达到预定的大小后，再将小口径钢筋混凝土管道逐节顶进，同时，在管道的周围进行加固处理。直径分别为30厘米和45厘米、每条长约60米的小口径钢筋混凝土顶管，作为截污支管，先后28次成功地从地下穿越车水马龙的曹安路和沪青平公路，而路面交通未受到任何影响。如此小口径的钢筋混凝土顶管施工在上海尚属首次，比采用同类规格的钢管费用降低40％左右，并能解决防腐等一系列问题。使用小口径钢筋混凝土顶管进行过路施工，为在交通繁忙、人口稠密的市区进行同类施工提供了成功的范例。 地下管道万涓汇合，通向建在石洞口的污水处理厂，这个世界上最大的脱氮除磷污水处理厂，每天可以处理40万立方米污水。 水体生态系统重建工作也是苏州河整治的重要环节，而且最能直观体现整治工作效果。2001年鱼儿再现苏州河，说明水质已有很大好转，但据专家介绍，出现属于清洁指示种的椭圆萝卜螺等底栖无脊椎动物，河水才算是真的清了。为此，项目组设计了综合调水方案，通过闸门群的调度，“涨潮关闸、落潮开闸”，使苏州河水由循环流动变为单向流动，防止了死水的淤积，而变成活水。2002年一艘集充氧、加菌、加药等多种功能于一体的河道曝气复氧船投入使用，成为流动的“制氧车间”，提高了水体溶解氧含量，同时又筛选了大量本地菌种投入河道，帮助苏州河恢复自然的河道生态系统。 作为苏州河整治一期工程十项主要工程之一的河道曝气复氧工程，其主力军就是由河道曝气复氧船担当。这条为苏州河度身定造的“河道曝气复氧船”，外形酷似一只银灰色和浅蓝色相间的鞋子，总高度为3.6米，核心部分——制氧曝气装置位于长12米、宽6米的工作舱内。据介绍，制氧装置每小时可以制出浓度为90％的纯氧150立方米。 除制氧外，曝气复氧船自身也具备多项环保功能，船底有一台专门用于处理机舱含油污水的油污水分离装置，集粪舱用来收集厕所的生活污水，船上选用的柴油发电机组，其废气排放达到了国际先进水平。此外，曝气复氧船采取了得当的降噪措施，昼夜噪音不大于65分贝。 曝气复氧船在世界其他河流治理工程中也曾发挥过巨大作用，英国泰晤士河河水水质在通过曝气复氧船堵污充氧后，得到了明显改善。上海的环保专家称，这座流动的制氧车间在苏州河上的投入使用，对苏州河水恢复清澈起到了推动作用，有了充足的氧气，河中鱼儿可望增多。此外，这个运动的制氧车间还增加了好氧菌的数量，而好氧菌对有机物的降解速度高于恶氧菌，能更快地降解河水中的有机物。 苏州河中的污染底泥不仅数量大，还含有多种有毒有害物质，是影响苏州河水质的重要因素之一。清除河底