Chapter 3 Chapter 02 Warning of the Huaihe River

"Traveling thousands of miles is not as good as walking along the banks of the Huaihe River." "Jianghuai cooked, the world is full." I don't know how many ages this ancient ballad has been passed down. The Huaihe River originated from Taibaiding, the main peak of Tongbai Mountain in Henan Province. At first, it was just a trickle as light as a line, trickling in the dangerous mountains and wild valleys between the Yangtze River and the Yellow River. When he came to the vast plain, he converged with Nachuan with a broad mind, and embraced hundreds of rivers such as Quanhe, Yinghe, Guohe, Kuihe, Yihe, Shuhe, etc. into his arms.As a result, it quickly became torrential, and finally became a big river crawling in the heart of the motherland.

On the territory of China, there is no other river that criss-crosses like a cobweb.There are more than 120 first-level tributaries, more than 460 second-level tributaries, and more than 100 major inter-provincial rivers in the entire basin, supporting more than 150 million people on both sides of the river, and its population density ranks first in the country The first of the major river basins! The Huaihe River Basin spans most of Henan, northern Anhui and Jiangsu, southern Shandong and a small part of Hubei.There are 36 prefectures and cities, including Zhengzhou, Kaifeng, Xuchang, Pingdingshan, Fuyang, Bengbu, Huainan, Huaibei, Xuzhou, Yangzhou, Huaiyin, Yancheng, Linyi, Jining, Zaozhuang, Lianyungang, which are well-known at home and abroad; Bozhou, Suzhou, Yanzhou , Tengzhou, Xiangcheng, Huai'an, Lankao, Qufu, Xuyi and other 182 towns and cities above the county are dotted all over.

The Huaihe River was called Huaishui in ancient times.It is as old as our nation. According to legend, the clans and tribes of Fuxi and Nuwa lived on the banks of the Ying River in the upper reaches of this basin and today's Huaiyang, Henan Province.Xia Yu, the head of the three kings, not only married the Tushan family on the bank of the Huaihe River, but also, in order to divert the Huaihe River, went through the house three times without entering the house, which finally made the land more prosperous and prosperous. The Xia Dynasty, the first slavery state in the history of our country, established its capital here.The rise of the Xia and Shang dynasties created a splendid oriental culture.

During the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period, the Huaihe River was often adjoining the great powers of various countries. Afterwards, whenever there was a division between the North and the South in history, the Huaihe River was often used as the boundary. The kingdoms of the Northern Zhou Dynasty confronted each other for more than 170 years, and they were ruled by drawing the Huai River.In the unified period, the Huaihe River was often the boundary of states, counties, prefectures, and roads.Therefore, there were many wars on both sides of the river. How many times have there been swords, swords, drums and horns, and scenes of mighty and majestic live dramas have been staged: the Battle of Feishui, the Peasant Uprising of Chen Sheng and Wu Guang, the battle between Chu and Han by Liu Bang and Xiang Yu, and the battle of Pengcheng by Cao Cao and Lu Bu. ... The turmoil of war and wolves.

The Huaihe River has many heroes since ancient times.The names of many people are still like dazzling stars, shining above us: great thinkers Confucius, Mencius, Zhuangzi, Laozi; outstanding politicians Guan Zhong, Liu Bang, Cao Cao, Zhuge Liang, Zhu Yuanzhang; national hero Guan Tianpei, heroine Liang Hongyu , the genius doctor Hua Tuo, the calligrapher Wang Xizhi and Yan Zhenqing, the historian Sima Guang, the writer Shi Naian and Wu Cheng'en; there are also famous Shaolin monks, Liangshan heroes, and the Eight Eccentrics of Yangzhou... Literary talents and martial arts are all the rage, and they are really outstanding.

However, the Huaihe River is a very unfortunate river.Its encounter is rare in China, and even in the world. According to records, the Yellow River, carrying a large amount of silt, began to invade the Huaihe River from the time of Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty.The most serious one was in 1194 A.D., when the Yellow River burst in Yangwu [now Yuanyang County, Henan Province]. The Jin ruler who occupied there hoped to use water instead of soldiers to use the flood of the Yellow River to invade the Southern Song Dynasty, resulting in the tyranny of the Yellow River. In the unobstructed Huaibei Great Plains, the waterway of the Huaihe River into the sea was snatched away.Since then, the Yellow River has begun a history of more than 700 years of seizing the Huaihe River.

The yellow water carrying more than one trillion tons of sediment prevented the Yi, Shu, and Si rivers in southern Shandong from entering the Huai River; Lakes are silted up or deserted.The entire Huaihe River system was completely destroyed. The Yellow River has changed the environment of the Huaihe River, making it one of the most drastic changes in the history of rivers in the world. The beautiful ballads of the past were shattered by the mighty Yellow River; the richness in history has also become a distant fairy tale.The people on both sides of the Huaihe River live in dire straits: heavy rains cause major disasters, light rains cause minor disasters, and no rains cause droughts.There will be disasters with or without rain.

The Huaihe River has become a world-famous harm river. In the second year after the founding of New China, the Huaihe River flooded again.The affected people have no food or clothing.Mao Zedong looked at the telegrams about the disaster in the Huaihe River, especially when he read that "the masses of the people were struggling in the vast ocean and were bitten by poisonous snakes and died", he couldn't help reading: "After liberation, the common people still suffer such a great crime?" Then he shouted. The secretary, Tian Jiaying, stomped his feet and said, "If you don't save the people, what is the Communist Party?!"

At that time, the country's economy was very difficult, and the imperialists tried to strangle New China in its cradle, and the flames of war burned to the Yalu River.At this time of internal and external troubles, Mao Zedong resolutely issued a call for "the Huaihe River must be healed", and regarded the governance of the Huaihe River as equally important as resisting US aggression and aiding Korea. "Man can conquer nature" battlefield. This is the first great construction project carried out after the Communist Party of China came to power.This project has been going on for more than forty years.Over the past 40 years, the total investment has exceeded 40 billion yuan.More than 5,300 reservoirs of various types, 4,364 large, medium and small sluices have been built, and more than 15,000 kilometers of tributary dikes have been heightened and reinforced.In particular, the completion of the Northern Subei Irrigation Canal opened up a new channel to the sea; moreover, the water systems in the four provinces of Henan, Anhui, Jiangsu, and Shandong were basically straightened out, putting the entire river basin under effective control.

The Huaihe River has finally turned from flood damage to water conservancy, and the ancient ballad is becoming a reality day by day. However, who would have thought that after more than 40 years of arduous process of harnessing the Huaihe River, floods are hidden and pollution is emerging.The Bulletin on the State of the Environment in China issued by the National Environmental Protection Agency in 1993 pointed out: "The water pollution in the Huaihe River Basin is relatively serious. Water quality pollution is serious during the dry season, and 82% of the river section exceeds the standard." The Huaihe River has become the most serious water pollution in China. of a river.This kind of harm is more serious than that brought by the Yellow River.It directly endangers the living environment of the people on both sides of the strait, and brings disaster to future generations.

A new ballad expresses the hidden pain in the hearts of the children of Huaihe River. 1 Xuyi is a small county by the Hongze Lake in the central part of Jiangsu Province.Thousands of miles of Changhuai rushed in, crossed Xuyi, and poured into Hongze.Of course, Hongze Lake, the fourth largest freshwater lake in China, is not the final destination of the Huaihe River.The Huaihe River, which was stored by Hongze, was divided into two routes. Most of them went southeast and entered the Yangtze River from the Sanjiang Camp in Yangzhou City; People in Xuyi can't bear to look back on that nightmarish day in July 1994, that dark day. In the early morning of July 28, the people of Xuyi, who were exhausted by the continuous drought and high temperature, woke up and were shocked: the usually yellow-green Huaihe River suddenly turned soy sauce-colored; the turbid water surface seemed to be smeared. The thick and grotesque paint, floating with white foam, has a strange stench; the dead fish that can be seen everywhere are all staring at the horrible eyes, as if asking the sky angrily. This is the only source of drinking water for the people of Xuyi to maintain their lives! Although the day before this, the county government issued a notice about the serious pollution of the Huaihe River, informing the residents to save up water and the water supplied by the county water company would be undrinkable, but everyone did not take this matter to heart.Because, since the 1980s, water pollution accidents of the Huaihe River have occurred from time to time, and there have been more than a dozen of them in the past ten years.Every bite passes.However, this time, even the officials of the county government who issued the notice were surprised: they did not expect the "serious pollution" to be so "serious"! The 200 million cubic meters of sewage released this time formed a more than 100-kilometer-long pollution belt from Wuhe River in Anhui Province to the mouth of Hongze Lake in the lower reaches of the Huaihe River.This is the longest pollution cluster that has appeared on a river in the history of our country.Due to the small drop between the upper and lower reaches of the Huaihe River, and the long drought and no rain along the Huaihe River, the overwhelming pollution belt broke into Xuyi, which is at a low water level, and it was almost static and stagnant for a long time, making this place, which was originally one of the top ten cities in Jiangsu Province. Xuyi County, one of the three financially inverted counties, fell into disaster in an instant.Factories shut down.Stores are closed.Summer and autumn agricultural harvest.The more than 11,000 fishermen who depended on fishing for their livelihood were wiped out due to cage farming, and their debts were high. The situation was miserable. Everyone is busy with one thing: looking for water. It wasn't until this time that people suddenly realized that there is nothing in this world without water. Overnight, the bustling and noisy commercial centers and entertainment venues became deserted and quiet; from one street to two alleys, from time to time, there was the clinking sound of the craftsmen rushing to make iron buckets. The city of Xuyi County is built on a hillside called "the first mountain".This mountain belongs to basalt geology, and there is generally no groundwater.The County Power Supply Bureau once spent hundreds of thousands of yuan hoping to drill two wells, and both of them were drilled below 150 meters. See you. The lack of underground water sources and the unbearable thirst finally forced the masses to earth wells that had been abandoned for many years.Most of those wells have dried up, and many of them have to go down to the bottom of the well to scoop up water. Even so, at most, there will be nearly a thousand people around a well.Scenes of grabbing water that people don't want to see happen from time to time. The news media not only lagged behind but also acted cautiously on this sudden serious pollution accident.On the twelfth day, an important newspaper in Jiangsu Province still reported on "Hongze Lake under Drought", avoiding the word "pollution".The slogan "All people unite to resist the drought" distributed for the article could not have made it clearer that what was disclosed was only the drought situation. During this period, more than 100 officers and soldiers of a chemical defense regiment of the Nanjing Military Region drove 20 water trucks to transport drinking water from the Longwangshan Reservoir more than ten miles away from the county seat; later more than 60 officers and soldiers of a certain unit stationed in Jiashan, Anhui , took 30 military vehicles, and was ordered to set off in the starry night, and rushed to Xuyi with water delivery equipment; a 15-kilometer water delivery pipeline was laid in surprise to bring the reservoir water into the county, so as to alleviate the water shortage of the people of Xuyi. On August 13th, contrary to people's expectations, "People's Daily" reported Xuyi's pollution facts with pictures and texts, and with a clear banner, it used such a title: "Sewage is greater than natural disasters"! This is the first time China has publicly disclosed the huge pollution incident of the Huaihe River.The eyes of the Chinese Communists and the eyes of the people of the whole country are at the same moment, watching this small mountain city by the Hongze Lake. 2 Xuyi once thought about the legal system. my country's first "Environmental Protection Law" was officially promulgated and implemented on December 26, 1989 after ten years of trial implementation.This marks the development of my country's environmental protection work to a new stage.Now, people from Xuyi have entered the Higher People's Court of Jiangsu Province in accordance with the relevant provisions of this law.They demanded that the unit responsible for this water pollution incident be investigated for legal responsibility and compensate for all economic losses caused thereby. The Provincial High Court did not accept it.Because it's impossible to find out who is the defendant in this matter.There are tens of thousands of factories in the upstream area, not to mention the large and medium-sized state-owned enterprises, but the small paper, small leather, small chemical, small printing and dyeing, and small brewing industries that have been booming in the past few years alone are numerous.The total amount of sewage discharged in the entire river basin is more than 7 million tons per day, and there are only three centralized sewage treatment plants that have been built or are under construction. On weekdays, the sewage is all stored by thousands of dams. Once it pours down, who will share it? Which units are responsible for the clearing?Moreover, it also involves the relationship between provinces and provinces. Later, I read the "Situation Report" in Xuyi. They described the accident as: "The nearly 200 million cubic meters of sewage discharged from the Bengbu Gate in the upper reaches of the Huaihe River brought 200,000 people and industrial production along the Huaihe River to Xuyi. Serious disaster." The direct cause seems to come from the Bengbu gate in Anhui, which is obviously not accurate enough. The fact is: this incident happened on a tributary that straddles the two provinces of Henan and Anhui.This is the largest tributary of the Huaihe River Basin.The Anhui side is called the Ying River; the Henan side is called the Shaying River.Over the past ten years, the population along this river has increased dramatically, industrial and agricultural production has advanced by leaps and bounds, and township enterprises have sprung up. Every day, domestic sewage, industrial wastewater, urban garbage, waste residue from factories and mines, hospital dirt and farmland are doubled. The pesticides and fertilizers in the river are all released into the river along with the rain in the gutter.It only accepts waste water from more than 30 cities in Henan Province, from Zhengzhou to Xiangcheng, with a daily output of 1.662 million tons; five counties and cities in Fuyang, Anhui Province also discharge 138,000 tons a day Ton.Therefore, this tributary has changed beyond recognition before it enters the main road of the Huaihe River.The dissolved oxygen in many river sections is almost zero, which has lost the use value of the river; in addition to the long drought and no rain along the way these days, a large amount of river water has evaporated and lost, and it has been blocked by one dam after another. Wastewater with high concentration and high toxicity. Near the Huaidian Gate in Shenqiu County, Henan Province, is one of the most polluted sections of the Shaying River.The water surface, which is more than ten meters deep and more than one hundred meters wide, has become stagnant water due to long-term accumulation, foaming, bubbling, and emitting a pungent and strange smell. The most worrying thing happened in mid-July.Due to the sudden continuous rainstorm in Henan, the water volume of various rivers in its territory increased sharply.On July 13, in order to ensure the safety of the dam itself, the Huaidian Gate in Shenqiu County began to release floodwater, discharging more than 9 million tons and 110 billion tons of water into Anhui Province every day.Shenqiu Gate Park is next to the gate. Zhu Xiyu, the director of the park, said that on the day the water was released, the stench on both sides of the river was so strong that the monkeys in the park were blinded and all the trees along the river died. On July 14, the sewage was pressed to the Yingshang gate in Anhui.For the same reason, Yingshang Sluice was opened for flood discharge. On the night of July 15th, a large number of dead fish flooded the river in Fengtai County, Anhui Province, and the boat people had to use the rainwater they usually received for cooking. On the morning of July 16, sewage flowed into the Lizuizi Water Plant in Huainan City, Anhui Province.Citizens turned on the faucet as usual, intending to brush their teeth and wash their faces, only to find that black water flowed out. In the night of that day, sewage broke into the Tianjiaan Sanshui Plant in Huainan City. Because the plant had already prepared, in order to make the water reach the standard, they desperately increased the amount of water purifying agent and tried every means to change the process. As a result, the cost per ton of water was reduced from the original The four cents of the money increased to three yuan, an increase of more than seven times, but the water produced was still yellowish-brown and had an obvious fishy smell.Many people experienced dizziness, diarrhea, nausea, and fatigue after drinking, and some even developed symptoms of kidney damage, and the hospital was full for a while. On July 19, a 70-kilometer-long powerful pollution zone had formed and reached the Bengbu Gate.At this time, the nearly 100-mile section from Huainan to Bengbu became a terrible black river. It is conceivable that the Bengbu gate is tight.When the gate was built in 1958, the design water level was only 17.8 meters. Now the water level of the intercepted sewage has exceeded 18 meters, and the gate must be opened according to regulations. Bengbu, like Huainan, relies on the Huaihe River for its draft.Hearing that the pollution swarm had hit, the hearts of the half a million Bengbu citizens suddenly rose to the top of their voices, and they couldn't breathe. The three waterworks in Bengbu tried their best, and even used activated carbon, but the waterworks have now become sewage treatment plants, and all the employees are "talking about water." Some data show that after the sewage was released, the water quality has improved. The Bengbu City Water Company took 3,000 liters of Huaihe River water and sent it to Shanghai for testing. Among the 129 species, 90 and 95 were found in the source water of Bengbu No. 3 Water Plant and No. 1 Water Plant, among which 67 were carcinogens! On the afternoon of July 27, the sewage vanguard finally reached Xuyi County; in the early morning of July 28, it attacked the mountain city.The sewage then entered Hongze Lake, which suffered the worst pollution ever. Because the Jiangsu provincial government took certain emergency measures in advance, it activated the largest Jiangdu water turning station in China to turn the Yangtze River water into Hongze Lake, which increased the water storage capacity and dilution capacity of Hongze Lake, and closed the Sanhe Gate in time. , Control the sewage this time between Hongze Lake and the main stream of the Huaihe River, so as to avoid the large-scale spread of pollution downstream.Otherwise, the 20 million people and 30 million mu of cultivated land in Huaiyin, Yancheng, Lianyungang and Yangzhou will all fall into a huge disaster! 3 The catastrophic water pollution accident in the lower reaches of the Huaihe River immediately attracted great attention from the Party Central Committee and the State Council.Li Peng, Zou Jiahua, Song Jian, Chen Junsheng and other high-level leaders all gave instructions to the emergency report of the Huaiyin Municipal People's Government. "People's Daily" released the news of the huge pollution accident on the Huaihe River to the world in a timely manner, showing that the Chinese government is determined to fight against pollution.Avoidance is not conducive to solving the problem; facing pollution is to face up to our future, which is an expression of confidence. On August 19, Xie Zhenhua, Director of the State Environmental Protection Agency, and Yan Keqiang, Vice Minister of the Ministry of Water Resources, were entrusted by the State Council to lead a working group to Nanjing, the capital of Jiangsu Province.Arrived at Huaiyin on the 20th.At this time, the vice-governors in charge of environmental protection work in Henan, Anhui, and Jiangsu also arrived one after another.On the 21st, everyone took two "big minibuses" to Xuyi. The working group conveyed the condolences of the leading comrades of the State Council to the victims, and conveyed the spirit of Premier Li Peng's instructions. Li Peng pointed out that the prevention and control of water pollution in the Huaihe River Basin must be accelerated, and the water in the Huaihe River must be cleared as soon as possible; by the end of 1997, all enterprises must meet the discharge standards, and enterprises that are not well managed must be shut down and converted according to law, including large enterprises. .It is necessary to improve the legal system of environmental protection and gradually strengthen environmental law enforcement.Relevant environmental protection laws and regulations should be amended, relevant penalty clauses should be added, and major cases should be grasped.Those who cause serious environmental pollution should be publicly punished. I met Gao Jie who participated in the Xuyi conference interview in Xuzhou.Gao Jie is the person in charge of the Propaganda and Education Center of the Xuzhou Environmental Protection Bureau, and concurrently serves as the reporter of "China Environment News" in Jiangsu Province.That time, he took a motorboat with the Central Working Group and boarded Laozi Mountain in Hongze Lake.Just as Director Xie Zhenhua came ashore, a fisherman in his seventies wearing a broken straw hat suddenly walked up to him from nowhere, convinced Xie Zhenhua to be a high-ranking official, and knelt down without saying a word. At that time, the streets and alleys of Xuyi were full of water-receiving teams, fire trucks were used to transport water, and military vehicles were used to deliver water.Gao Jie followed everyone to see the ground water plant, the water quality data, the farmers' fish ponds, and the Huaihe Bridge to check the water conditions.The sewage has receded, but there are still many traces of pollution on the piers.At noon, I went back to the county guest house to rest. I used mineral water to wash my hands. In the afternoon, everyone took a motorboat along the river to the north and boarded Laozi Mountain in Hongze Lake.Just as Director Xie Zhenhua came ashore, a fisherman in his seventies wearing a broken straw hat suddenly walked up to him from nowhere, convinced Xie Zhenhua to be a high-ranking official, and knelt down without saying a word. The old man's face was sunburned and haggard, and every wrinkle on his face was full of grief and anger.He said that his family had a loan of more than 20,000 yuan, 16 net cages, and more than 24,000 catties of fish all died. Xie Zhenhua hurriedly stepped forward to help the old man up, and said, "We are here to visit the victims, to understand the situation, and to report back to the State Council." The old man stood up tremblingly, and asked sadly: "Can we still raise fish in the future? Really, the government has to find a job and give everyone a bite to eat!" Kneel again. Xie Zhenhua helped the old man and nodded seriously. Because this happened so unexpectedly, even the reporters present were in a daze.But Gao Jie immediately realized that this was a good shot. He found that the side facing the lake was not blocked by people, the angle was not bad, and the water was not too deep. He jumped down decisively and grabbed a photo.Later, this photo won the bronze medal in the "National Women, Family, Earth Photography Contest", but he paid a big price for it: he just stopped in the lake for a few minutes, but his feet were surprisingly infected by sewage The itching was unbearable, and it was not until I returned to Xuzhou to ask the military hospital for treatment for a few days, and it took half a month before I slowly recovered. He said that as an environmental worker, such an experience is enough to benefit him for life; he saw his responsibility clearly from a deeper level. It is not only Gao Jie who is unforgettable for a lifetime.Yan Keqiang, vice minister of the Ministry of Water Resources, witnessed the plight of the fishermen in Guishan Village, and what he said at the meeting shocked the participants.He said very emotionally: "The fishery has failed, the debts are heavy, the livelihood is poor, and some are forced to leave their homes. As a government official in charge of this work, I am deeply saddened! If things go on like this, it will be difficult to maintain social stability. I am very worried. In fact, the damage caused by the sewage is not limited to Guishan. The same is true in the urban and rural areas along the Huaihe River in Anhui Province, and the residents on both sides of the Shaying River in Henan are even more so. Some veteran officials said that we did not die under the hail of bullets, but we may die from the sewage Harm! Pollution not only affects economic development, but has shaken the foundation of our existence!" When I approached Xuyi, it was late May 1995, and it had been ten months since the serious pollution. I thought this matter should have been resolved long ago.That day, I was talking to the two section chiefs of the general department of the county government office. Deputy Section Chief Sun Yaxing suddenly stood up and said apologetically, "You guys continue to talk, I'm in line." I couldn't help wondering: "...what's the line?" "Catch the water." He shyly pushed open the window in front of me. The picture outside the window was strong and clear at a glance, and my heart couldn't help sinking: On the wall opposite the window, a water intake pump was installed. The water flow rate was extremely low, but there was a long line of plastic buckets next to it.Counting them, there are at least 20 of them in order.I suddenly realized that draft is still the biggest problem for Xuyi people. This is in a government agency. I think, what will happen to ordinary people?Especially those farmers in mountain villages who couldn’t even afford water pumps, and fishermen who were still surrounded by sewage after the catastrophe. You have to clean it with well water again." The expression on his face was one of numb helplessness. What surprised me was another piece of news. Just before I went to Xuyi, on March 8, the day of International Women's Day, the upper reaches of the Huaihe River once again opened the gates to discharge sewage, and the total amount reached 220 million cubic meters "far exceeding V The discharge of sewage that meets the water quality standard"—the total amount of "extraordinary pollution" that alarmed the central government last time was only nearly 200 million cubic meters—a larger pollution cluster hit the lower reaches of the Huaihe River again, and wounded Xuyi. Take the salt! A black July. Another Black March. When I bid farewell to Xuyi, my head was filled with terrible pollution.Turning around, I saw a child standing on the field near the station with a bucket not much shorter than himself standing in one hand.He is waiting for water.The worried look in his eyes was extremely out of proportion to his age.He stood there, and stood forever in my memory, as heavy as a bronze statue. 4 The first serious pollution in the history of the Huaihe River Basin occurred in Bengbu City in the late 1970s.Because the news at that time did not appear in the newspapers, little is known about this matter. Bengbu was originally a small fishing village on the bank of the Huaihe River. It used to be an "ancient pearl fishing place", so it got its name.With the emergence of the Huaihe Iron Bridge and the Jinpu Railway, it became the only junction of the north-south artery and the east-west Huaihe River. In the early days of the founding of the People's Republic of China, the headquarters that mobilized thousands of troops to control the Huaihe River was located in Bengbu.Bengbu prospers because of water, lives because of water, and is suffering because of water today. In October 1978, due to a severe drought, the water level of the Huaihe River was very low. In order to ensure the normal operation of the East China Power Grid and make the Huainan Power Plant generate electricity on time, the Bengbu Gate was closed for 247 consecutive days, and the Bengbu Ship Lock also stopped passing ships. Therefore, the goods transported by ships can only be unloaded to the shore first, and then transported through the lock. Closing the Bengbu gate means that the Huaihe River will stop flowing. Bengbu discharges 230,000 tons of sewage every day. After half a year, tens of millions of tons of various waste waters are concentrated in the 42-kilometer river channel in the urban area. The concentration is increasing, bloodworms breed, and mosquitoes and flies form clusters , Fish and shrimp are extinct.The waterworks were forced to close, and the half a million citizens who depended on water from the Huaihe River had to drink water from waste wells and dirty air-raid shelters.Its tragedy is not comparable to the huge pollution in Xuyi mentioned above. The first secretary of the Anhui Provincial Party Committee at that time was Wan Li, who had just stepped down from the position of Minister of Railways.He made a special trip to Bengbu and arranged for the 323 Geological Team stationed in Bengbu to investigate the groundwater in Bengbu. The results of the investigation were disappointing: on the south bank of the Huaihe River, where the citizens live concentratedly, there is a hard rock formation below 30 meters, and there is basically no water to be recovered. In order to relieve the thirst of hundreds of thousands of people, the Water Conservancy Department of Anhui Province set up the Headquarters for Turning Water, and came up with a bold plan: Turn the sewage stagnant along the Bengbu River to the upstream of the Bengbu Sluice. When everything is pumped out, the water from Hongze Lake and the Yangtze River downstream will follow.So more than 20 bulldozers were urgently dispatched to dredge the Gangliang River on the south side of the gate first. "Steel Grain River", as the name suggests, is a waste river that was dug in 1958 when the iron and steel business was carried out, and it has been abandoned for many years.After the waste river was dredged, forty large water pumps were installed, each with a water inlet thicker than a bucket, to force the water to flow backwards and over the Bengbu gate. I didn't think that within a few days, the sewage accumulated around Bengbu could be pumped out, and the clean water from Hongze Lake and the Yangtze River would follow. When we met, a torrential rain poured down in Henan Province, and the sluices and dams along the way released the flood. The Bengbu Sluice couldn't resist, so all the sewage discharged from the upstream and ascended from the downstream all flowed in again.As a result, a larger amount of sewage remained near Bengbu, lingering for a long time.The result is worse, worse!The massive overturning project fell through. Huang Yu, secretary of the Municipal Party Committee at the time, left the Bengbu gate and drove back to the city without saying a word.Deep pain and guilt surfaced on his pale face. Before getting off the car, he instructed his secretary: "Tell the real situation to the people!" Before he could speak, his voice was choked up, his eyes were full of tears, and he couldn't continue. Bengbu is an important town on the Jinpu Railway, with 88 pairs of trains passing by every day. In those days, the water supply to all passing trains had to be cut off, which is rare for the Jinpu Railway for more than 80 years. Bengbu, once known as the "Food City" in the world, has almost paralyzed industrial production due to serious water pollution; people's lives are like years. According to the information provided by experts, the first pollution accident in the Huaihe River Basin occurred in 1974, and the second accident occurred four years apart; the third accident occurred only three years apart.From May 1982 to February 1989, in less than seven years, the Huaihe River suffered three major pollutions, with an average interval of only two years.Since the 1990s, such water pollution accidents have occurred every year, more than twice a year; four occurred in 1994 alone.Now it has developed to only a few months between two major pollutions! The water pollution in the Huaihe River Basin has come to a time when it must be cured! From May 24th to 26th, 1994, just over a month before the extremely heavy pollution in Xuyi in July, Song Jian, State Councilor and Director of the Environmental Protection Committee of the State Council, hosted a meeting in Bengbu to discuss environmental issues in the Huaihe River Basin. Protection law enforcement inspection site will be held.Leaders from the State Planning Commission, the State Economic and Trade Commission, the Ministry of Finance, the Ministry of Water Resources, the Ministry of Agriculture, the Ministry of Chemical Industry, the National Development Bank, the National Light Industry Federation and the Huaihe Water Conservancy Committee gathered in Zhucheng to study the water quality of the Huaihe River Basin. pollution control issues. Everyone has realized the seriousness of the pollution of the Huaihe River and the urgency of the treatment work.They unanimously stated that illegal pollutant discharges must be cracked down on like cracking down on drug trafficking and smuggling; those who interfere with law enforcement and cover up and condone illegal pollutant discharges must be resolutely pursued for legal responsibility. The meeting held that the "Regulations on the Prevention and Control of Water Pollution in the Huaihe River Basin" must be drafted promptly, and the Legislative Affairs Bureau of the State Council was invited to participate in the drafting work in advance, and strive to submit it for review within the year. At the meeting, many relevant departments of the State Council were added as members of the "Leading Group for Water Resources Protection of the Huaihe River Basin" in order to jointly coordinate various upstream and downstream relationships and organize joint prevention of pollution in the entire river basin. After discussions between ten ministries and commissions and the four provinces along the Huaihe River, it was decided that within the year, 196 enterprises in Henan, Anhui, Jiangsu, and Shandong will be shut down, suspended, merged, or transferred to reduce the pollution burden of the Huaihe River. At this meeting, Song Jian declared on behalf of the Chinese government: "The water of the Huaihe River must be cleared by the end of this century!" He solemnly pointed out that criminal clauses should be added to legislation.To this end, he mentioned Malaysia, where he said that he was hanged for selling a tael of heroin.A tael of heroin only poisons more than a dozen people, and it does not lead to death, but the death penalty is still imposed.As for us, fortunately, a river has poisoned tens of thousands of people, but no one has punished them. How can this be done?If you don't punish the guilty, you don't fear the evil.Legal means must be used to protect the environment of the Huaihe River Basin. Before the meeting, he led the officials from various relevant ministries and commissions of the country to set off from Zhengzhou, Henan Province, and travel all the way to check the pollution point sources and river sections in the upper reaches of the Huaihe River. For four words: "shocking!" On the day of inspection at Yingshang Gate, the weather was gloomy and hot. Song Jian walked up to the gate and watched the turbid current rolling in from the upper reaches and the black current flowing away from the lower reaches.Can't help but feel sad, and repeatedly sighed: "Shocking! Shocking!" In addition to all kinds of emotions, only the four words "shocking" can be described. After inspecting the pollution of the Huaihe River, Song Jian specially met with reporters from the Central News Agency and pointed out: "The responsibility for the pollution of the Huaihe River lies not with the masses, but with the leaders. The responsibility for curing the pollution of the Huaihe River lies with leaders at all levels." He said solemnly, "If you don't pay attention to governance, the Spark Project, the Harvest Project, and the Vegetable Basket Project will all come to naught. The Song Dynasty poet Su Dongpo once said, "Only the breeze on the river and the bright moon in the mountains are inexhaustible. Inexhaustible, it is the Creator’s inexhaustible possession.” Now the people in the Huaihe River Basin have been deprived of even such a little bit of rights given by nature, and they can’t even enjoy the breeze on the river and the clean water that is not polluted!” He shouted loudly: "If you don't make up your mind to govern, you will be ashamed of the 150 million people in the Huaihe River Basin, and you will be sorry for our future generations, and you will not be able to explain to history..." Today, one year later, I am standing on the gate where Song Jian stood, and I still think of the thoughts expressed by another person.This person is Qian Zhengying, the former Minister of Water Resources who worked hard for the Huaihe River and turned the water damage into water conservancy.Facing the turbid current and the overwhelming stench, she couldn't tell whether it was the Huai River, the "yellow" river, or the "black" river? With tears in her eyes, she shook her head and exclaimed: "If you die for three years, the river will be over!" She has been saying this for three years. 5 I grew up drinking the water of the Huaihe River, and I have an innate affection for the mother river.From March 22 to July 7, 1995, I was sick and ran among the children raised by the mother river.It started from Tongbai Mountain in Henan Province in the west, arrived at the shore of the Yellow Sea in Jiangsu Province in the east, from the hinterland of Dabie Mountain in Anhui Province in the south, and went north to Yishui in Mengshan Mountain in Shandong Province. It took 108 days and a journey of more than 10,000 miles. Let many people worry about it?To what extent has the Huaihe River been polluted?Can the Huaihe River Basin of 270,000 square kilometers reproduce the picture of clear water and thousands of sails? ... When it comes to Henan, Anhui, Jiangsu, and Shandong, people will realize that these four provinces play a pivotal role in the process of China's modernization without numerical proof.The Beijing-Shanghai and Beijing-Guangzhou railways run through the north and the south, the "Great Beijing-Kowloon" new line passes in the middle, and the Longhai Railway runs across the east and west; in addition to the Beijing-Hangzhou Grand Canal running through the north and the south, the main road of the Qianli Huaihe River and its criss-crossing tributaries are like A huge net connects the four provinces together.However, what we are facing is such a grim reality: Among the 191 relatively large tributaries in the whole basin, 80% of the river water has turned black and smelly; two-thirds of the river sections are completely lost. use value.What flows in the main arteries of the motherland is the "blood" that has deteriorated!Although we have already formulated a policy of synchronous development of economic construction and environmental construction, and promulgated a large number of relevant laws and regulations, what happened in the Huaihe River Basin is still contrary to expectations.Instead of accepting the painful lessons of Western countries, we are repeating their mistakes of "pollution first, governance later"! For quite a long time, the layout of industries in this area was almost at will.Completely disregarding the characteristics of the geographical environment, disregarding the lives and health of the people, industrial projects with pollution hazards are everywhere in the upstream of water sources, in the upper air outlets of cities, in residential areas, cultural and educational areas, and even scenic spots.过去，这种现象只是突出地表现在城市，随着乡镇企业遍地开花，特别是大量的乡镇企业采用原始的、极其落后的工艺进行生产，这就把乡镇的环境污染与城市的环境污染联成了一片，这是过去所没有的，也是西方国家历史上很少出现的。 共振产生的摧毁力是惊人的，密集工业对环境产生的共振则常常是毁灭性的。 据有关部门统计：山东省临沂市一九九三年乡镇企业总产值达一百八十五亿元，占全市工业总产值的百分之七十，为全省榜首，撑起的岂止“半壁江山”？安徽省阜阳地区一九八三年时乡镇企业还是寥寥无几，一九八三、一九八四两年大抓了一下乡镇企业，并且，还抓出了除“温州模式”、“苏南模式”、“耿东模式”之外的“阜阳模式”：个人办、户办、联户办、村办、乡办、合资办，“六个轮子一齐转”。于是，一九九三年这样的企业猛增到二十五万五千多家，企业总产值达一百七十九亿元；在安徽省的十强县市中，阜阳地区便占了三分之一，阜阳市和亳州市还分别夺得前两名。不必细说，江苏省沿淮一带乡镇企业的发展更是令人刮目相看。 在这些惊人的数字背后，人的生存环境是无法避免重大牺牲的。 淮河源自桐柏山，处于源头的桐柏县应该说水是绝对不会有问题的了，其实不然。桐柏造纸厂每天都要向淮河排放大量废水，每获得万元产值，就要排放七千四百吨造纸黑液。除了这家造纸厂，县里还有吴城碱厂、毛集铁矿等一批污染企业。 一九九三年桐柏县的工业产值仅有一亿六千五百万元，却排放了二百三十多万吨工业废水；而治理投资却只花了七千元！它在全流域一百八十二座县级以上的城镇中，不仅单位工业产值与工业废水量的比值被排在第一，其单位污染量也遥居榜首。 这是淮河的不幸。母亲河在她刚刚走出高山大峒，尚没有从容地迈开步伐，就变得满目污秽。 一路之上，她更是遍体鳞伤。 就是在她同自己养育的儿女们作离前告别时，情景又将如何呢？依然没逃脱最后的杀戮：濒临长江的扬州市，每年都要把占流域总量第七位的工业废水朝她泼去，而单位工业产值的治理投资才仅仅是全流域的第一百二十八位！这是淮河入江口的景况。 入海处的滨海县虽只是个不大的县城，工业废水排放量却排在全流域的第二十九位！ 淮河何以洁身？ 豫皖苏鲁四省每年的工业废水和生活污水就是二十三亿五千二百万吨！ 一个吓人的“天文数字”！ 如此庞大的废污水，淮河的躯体何以承受？ 江苏省处在流域的最下游，深受河南、安徽和山东三省下泄污水之害；可是，从全流宏观上分析，排放工业废水最多者，恰恰又正是江苏省，每年高达五亿七千三百万吨。其次，便是河南省。但是，在排放生活的污水上，最多又是河南省，其次才是江苏省。 当然，污水排放的绝对量，从城市来看，居于前三名者，分别是河南省的郑州市、安徽省的淮南市和蚌埠市；而这三座城市在治理投资占工业产值的比重上，又分别只排在一百八十二座城市的第九十位、第七十七位和第九十八位！ 据估计，一九九三年淮河流域国民经济生产总值为两千一百亿元，较“七五”期间平均水平增加百分之四十五；而用于污染治理的资金仅是两亿两千一百万元，比照“七五”平均水平只增长了百分之三十六。这些数字表明，环境保护严重滞后于经济发展。 经济发展的结果不是改变了环境，而是加重了环境的污染，这就说明，我们发展经济的政策上有了重大失误。这种失误突出表现在追求经济增长的数量上，忽视包括环境在内的增长的质量；我们的一些市长、县长、镇长和企业的厂长们，在经济发展的综合决策中，很少甚至根本不去兼顾环境保护的要求。 不该发生的故事就这样发生了。 6 淮河上游有一条不大的小洪河，它流经河南省的舞钢市和舞阳县，这两处有五家造纸厂，据了解到的情况推算，五家一年的利润加起来不过一千多万元，但它们排放的污水给下游的西平县造成的损失却是巨大的，每年农业收入至少减少一个亿！ 一九九一年七、八月间，中国华东水灾曾震惊世界。淮河流域灾情最重，处于淮河干道中段的安徽省，为减轻江、浙、沪一带的压力，炸坝行洪，作出了巨大的牺牲，当时的经济损失不亚于一次唐山大地震。但是，当中央拨巨款治理淮河时，豫皖交界的安徽人虽深受洪水之苦，却拒绝疏通河道。理由又似乎可以放到桌面上去的：因为上游老下污水！ 我们对母亲河的不孝和伤害，其恶果已等不到子孙后代来“品尝”。我们需要付出比发展经济更大代价的日子已经临头了。 黑河，原来并不黑，它是淮河上游数百条中一条极其普通的二级支流。但由于污染严重，它已经成为一条害河。河南医科大学教授刘华莲曾带领学生，于一九九一年到一九九二年期间，对黑河上蔡段进行了为时一年的调查，结果表明：这一带人群死亡率比一般水平高出三分之一；每三个成年人就有两个脾肿大；十个孩子有九个肝不正常；百分之六的新生儿患有先天畸形；沿河许多村庄连续数年没有一个人符合参军入伍的条件。 因为水污染，什么事都是可以发生的。你听说过水可以燃烧，而且可以爆炸的吗？ 河南省开封市，一九七四年至一九七九年，短短五年时间，由于树脂厂和日用化工厂把含苯及石油的废水直接排入惠济河，引起九次河面起火，火焰蹿出十多米高，河边柳树、电杆、高压线都被烧坏，着火的电线还殃及沿路的建筑；坚硬的石板也被烧裂，先后造成数十万元的经济损失。 一九七六年八月，山东省枣庄市十里泉秦柚河湾，由于化肥厂、发电厂等单位排放含油的废水，因小孩点火玩耍，引起水面着火，火焰高达五米，烧死岸边柳树十一棵；同年秋，再度起火，因抢救及时，仍烧死大树三棵。 被污染的地面水还严重地影响到了地下水。 江苏淮阴市近年来对部分水井进行过水质监测，吃惊地发现：浅层乃至中深层地下水均严重污染；山东菏泽地区十个县的城关区，半数地下水查出了剧毒砷【As】；河南开封市周围一百平方公里的地下水，砷、氰、酚及三氮均有检出，百分之五十七的浅层地下水和百分之十三的中深层地下水都不能饮用。 安徽省阜阳市坐落在颍河与泉河的交汇之处，本来在用水上是得天独厚的，却因为河水严重的污染，不得不大量开采地下水。地下水的水质好坏且不去说它，由于长期恶性的超采，已导致地面下沉，十年居然下沉了一点一米，就是说，整座城市，十年“矮”了一米一！ 这是件多么可怕的事！ 更可怕的是，地下水长期得不到休养生息的机会，阜阳的地下水已经形成一个一千平方公里范围的“锅底状”，其后果不堪设想。 更令人困惑的是，污染问题如此严峻的一个地区，繁重的环境保护工作竟只是由城建局里面的一个科室来管理，全科仅有四个人，其中一人还是从下面监测站借来的，担任副科长的一个同志竟兼任监察室副主任，实际就只有两个半人。这与担负的三市七县的环保任务极不适应。而且，局里长期没有一个分管环保的局长，这项业务全由一位土建工程师兼管了五六年，环保科的管理工作差不多是停留在走走形式这个层面上，环保机构几近虚设。 我在阜阳采访期间，正值省里在阜阳召开现场办公会，邀来了一大批厅局长和各地市的要员，戮力共商振兴阜阳的大计。因为“大京九”铁路的修建，为这座城市和这个地区提供了可以“跳跃式”、“超常规”大发展的机会。也许出乎组织者的意料，许多同志考察后不无忧虑地指出，水成了阜阳经济进一步发展的制约因素。严重的缺水，可能会使许多美好的计划化为泡影。 谁能够想到，近年来，同样因为地下水的急剧下降，梁山周围的农民已经把庄稼种到了山坡上，水泊梁山没有了水。今天的孩子还能去想象一百单八将的故事是发生在一个“水浒”的地方吗？ 在阜阳城一个极难摸到的地方，我找到了行署水产管理站。毕业于四川水产学校的渔政科长丁图强，谈起颍河和涡河的污染，像憋了一肚子话要往外掏。他旁边没放材料，大脑都比电脑还管用。“水产部门是第一受害者！”他说着，一边有力地竖起右手的食指。 他说，虾，螃蟹，河蚌，这些甲壳类的水生动物对水的污染最为敏感，最容易死亡，因此，被称作环境保护的“指标生物”。一九八〇年渔业调查时，这个地区还有约十五科五十四属六十九种水生物，二级保护动物吻虾【左鱼右虎】和背瘤丽蚌，到处都是。而现在，泉河无鱼可捕，河水已不能灌溉，颍河也废了。著名的“四大家鱼”：青、草、鲢、鳙，河道里基本绝种。 他说从前这地方推广网箱养鱼，总面积曾占到全国的百分之一，占了全省一半；涡阳县有“五十里涡河五十里网箱”之说，被国家列入“星火计划”。现在呢，计划跟不上变化，一九八八年一月至一九九二年六月，四年半时间竟发生了大大小小死鱼事故六百多起，渔业损失逾亿元，超过该地区利辛、阜阳、太和、临泉四个县市全年财政的总收入。 世世代代靠涡河为生的亳州渔民，无数次遭受河南省流来的污水的侵扰，这一天，忍无可忍了，终于同河南那边的有关方面对簿公堂。结果掉了一层皮，又破费二十多万元，最后还是把官司打赢了：对方赔偿了五千元。 渔民们为此激动得放了一整夜炮仗。那是高兴啊。有人却不理解。因为，鱼的损失且不去说，又贴进去了二十多万，人家仅是赔出五千元，这官司，划算不划算？ 渔民却笑了，不过那笑最后冻结在脸上，仍硬气地说：“讨回一个公道！” 丁图强的话结束了。接下来，是长时间的沉默。 我望着渔政科整整一面墙上挂着的彩色鱼类图，耳边老是响起豫皖边界时下流行的那首新渔歌—— 在以后的日子里，在从山东济宁去邳县的路上，我亲眼目睹了一条蛇因为受惊吓蹿入洸府河。那蛇刚落水，便像跌进开水锅被烫了似的，身子扭作一团，挣扎了几下子，就被河水摄走了魂魄。 一个多么凄惨的画面。 在由曲阜开往兖州的长途汽车上，曲阜师范学校一年级的学生何树凯给我讲述了他的一次奇遇。那是一九九五年春上，一群要好的同学相邀到泗水边上去游玩，那可是被孔夫子咏叹过“逝者如斯夫，不舍昼夜”的一条著名的河啊，经历了数千年的人世兴衰，它在这些学子的心目中不啻是条圣河。但它现在也被严重污染了。偏偏有个叫杜春梅的女同学，不甘心就这样扫兴而归，因为她原就准备去钓鱼，尽管水面又黑又腥又臭，她却一定要试一试。一试，还真的钓出一条草鱼。可那草鱼通体散发着酸臭，扒开腮时，在场的人无不为之惊诧：鱼腮内有一股强烈的恶臭如子弹射出。 大伙无论如何想不通，在这严重污染了的河水里会有鱼，会有这种污水鱼。 我惊呼淮河流域出现了如此怪物。是呀，它还能叫鱼吗？ 转而一想，生活在淮河两岸的亿万父老乡亲，不也正在不知不觉地适应着这种恶劣的生存环境吗？ 这肯定是最大的不幸。 7 我是怀着十分复杂的心情走进蒙山沂水的。 这是我第一次走进这块曾经养育过几十万人民军队的革命老区。去时，那儿经国务院正式批准，刚刚撤销临沂地区，设立地级临沂市，辖三区九县，成为山东省面积最大、人口最多的城市。这标志着具有光荣传统的沂蒙山区，经济和社会各项事业的发展进入了一个新的历史时期。 八百里沂蒙的发展速度是相当惊人的。其乡镇企业总产值一九九三年已达一百八十五亿元，为山东省第一，一九九四年利税超过千万元的企业就有四十八家，出口商品企业两千余家，完成工业总产值高达五百二十亿元！ 凡是了解它过去的历史，又了解中国众多城市发展水准的，都会惊异于这个革命老区展翅腾飞的英姿。难怪一位中央领导同志称它是“齐鲁开放城，老区第一市”。但是今天，一个不容置疑的事实是：它已成了淮河流域十分典型的重污染区。 当临沂市环境监测站站长了解了我此行的意图，他的心情也变得十分矛盾。站长姓公，名培富，他的名字也似乎具有一种寓意，他在为我提供《临沂市重点工业污染源名单》的同时，赠送我一本他私人珍藏的长篇报告文学：《沂蒙九章》。这部作品写的是沂蒙人民摆脱贫困与落后“伟大的觉醒”，“庄严的涅槃”，“神奇的再生”，并创造出新的辉煌的故事，唯独没写到的，恰恰正是与这辉煌和崛起相伴相随的痛苦的代价，巨大而又沉重的代价。 沂蒙有大小河流两千多条，可采淡水资源堪为山东之最，但进入上世纪八十年代，随着该地区工业特别是乡镇企业的超常发展，对水资源的恶性开采，地面河流趋于枯竭，地下水位日渐下降，导致全区几千个自然村，一百多万人严重缺水。缺水状况之糟糕，《沂蒙九章》第四章《水的生死轮回》曾作了最惊人的记述：水成了沂蒙山缺水乡村珍贵的礼物，山民走亲探友时带的是水，干部下乡扶贫车屁股上驮的是水，解放军进山支农汽车上拉的是水；沂南县王山村有个老支农模范，耕田时，渴疯了的黄牛狼奔豕突，竟把老人活活拖死；沂水县大崮村刘老汉，筲里的水洒在了地上，他居然扒下棉袄在地上浸了又浸，然后拧出水喂猪；高山子村会计挑一年水走的路，正好能去一趟哈尔滨，全村一百户，一年挑水的路程差不多围着地球转一圈儿…… 一方面严重缺水，使多少生命在干燥中呻吟；一方面又严重污染了河流和地下水，给沿岸更给下游的人民带去灾难。 截至一九九三年的资料显示：临沂所辖三区九县，除蒙阴、费县、莒南三县而外，其余各区县每年排放的工业废水总量都在三百万吨以上；一个郯城县就高达一千一百万吨。大量的工业废水通过白马河、浪青河、沂河、沭河、邳苍分洪道、中运河、小蓟河等十多条河道，流入江苏省的邳州市和新沂市，其化学耗氧量【COD】最高值超标七百四十倍，含氧量【DO】常年出现零值现象，致使邳州、新沂两市二十条主要河道成为没有任何利用价值的“害河”。受到污染的地表水已渗透到附近的浅层，二十米深手压井出水已呈褐色，异味难闻，不能饮用；严重的水污染使得癌症的发病率高达百分之四。污染范围已扩大到邳州市二十四个乡镇三百五十四个村庄八十万居民，新沂市十六个乡镇二百四十五个村庄五十五万居民。 沂蒙山区的临沭、莒南等地每年还有三千万吨未经处理的工业废水，经新沭河和石门头河进入江苏最大的人工水库——石梁河水库，使得八万亩水面呈现棕黑色，并有明显臭味。由于石梁河灌区十多座大中小水库依赖石梁河水库的水源补充，因此，石梁河水库一被污染，整个灌区就形成了一个庞大的水库污染群。 石梁河水库担负着连云港市区和赣榆、东海两县一百五十万人民生活、工农业生产、港口进口外轮供水的任务，因为水质变坏，每年给连云港市造成的直接经济损失都高达一亿八千四百多万元，给人体造成的巨大损害就无法用经济指标来衡量了。 沂蒙山区的工业废水严重影响了苏北受害地区的经济发展和群众生活的正常秩序，江苏省环保局多次向国家环保局报告，江苏省人民政府也曾向国务院陈述实情。国家环保局副局长王扬祖受宋健和解振华委托，取道徐州，先从西线了解了鲁南工业废水对苏北污染的情况。这事，鲁南方面事先得知，就在王扬祖没到之前，他们从水库放了三百万吨清水，对被污染得目不忍睹的白马河进行稀释。因为库水放得太急，水量太大，以致把江苏邳州市合沟乡段白马河河堤冲毁，并在王扬祖抵达时，组织人下河游泳，以制造河水压根儿就未被污染的假象。 这其实是在掩耳盗铃。 第三天，王扬祖去了连云港。他是在江苏省环保局副局长史振华的陪同下，去考察石梁河水库水质的。 站在苏鲁交界的大兴镇桥头，巡看滔滔不断泄入湖中的污水，王扬祖沉吟良久，悲痛地说道：“竟污染到了这个样子！” 他要沿河而上，亲眼看一看污染最典型的牛腿沟。牛腿沟在山东境内，得知王扬祖要来牛腿沟，山东省环保局一位总工和临沂地区一位专员，早早地就等候在大兴镇。他们接走王扬祖，却把陪同的史振华堵住，不许江苏的同志进入山东境内，且振振有词：“王局长到山东，就由我们山东来安排！” 这意外情况不免令史振华大为惊诧，他怎么也想不到，地方保护主义竟然到了这种地步！当时王扬祖的秘书坐的是史振华的车，史向山东同志说明情况，希望给予放行，可是，任你怎么解释也没用，为了不让江苏环保局的人过去，古秘书也就只能留在江苏境内了。 史振华很生气，他通知司机：“一定要过去！” 车强行冲了过去。<