Chapter 75 Creating a New Soviet Area on the Shaanxi-Gansu Border

In the early 1930s, Shaanxi, especially the Shaanxi-Gansu border area, experienced successive years of famine.There have been horrific scenes of thousands of miles of red land, victims displaced, wives sold, and roads blocked by starvation.However, the oppression and exploitation of the ruling class continued unabated, and they continued to impose exorbitant taxes in various currencies.Stealing and plundering and amassing wealth quickly intensified social conflicts in various fields.Poor peasants rose up one after another, gathered crowds to rebel, and struggles for "handling over farmers", grabbing grain, and distributing grain spread all over the place: civil upheavals and civil violence followed one after another, forming a growing tide of mass struggle.At the same time, the "Shaanxi-Gansu Guerrillas of the Chinese Workers' and Peasants' Red Army" led by our party rose rapidly and became active in the vast areas along the Shaanxi-Gansu border.A favorable revolutionary situation emerged in the Shaanxi-Gansu border area.

Among them, the central part studies the political and economic situation in Shaanxi, especially in the Shaanxi-Gansu border area.In a timely manner, he proposed two important strategic tasks related to each other to the Shaanxi Provincial Committee of the Communist Party of China, namely, the establishment of the new Soviet area on the Shaanxi-Gansu border and the 26th Army of the Chinese Workers' and Peasants' Red Army. On April 20, 1932, the CPC Central Committee made the "Resolution on the Work of the Shaanxi-Gansu Border Guerrillas and the Creation of a New Soviet Area on the Shaanxi-Gansu Border." The "Resolution" analyzed the struggle situation in Shaanxi "under the unprecedented famine, peasants resisted taxation, usury, and the Kuomintang, fought for land, and distributed sugar and grain to the victims" and the "increasingly increasing In view of the actual situation of "growing stronger", the Shaanxi Provincial Party Committee proposed the task of "creating a new Red Army team and the Shaanxi-Gansu border Soviet area while actively carrying out local guerrilla movements."The central government decided to follow the Red Army Organization Law.The "26th Army of the Red Army of Chinese Workers and Peasants" was established. "Instruct the Shaanxi Provincial Party Committee to select one person from its Standing Committee to serve as the Political Commissar of the 26th Army"; landlords and gentlemen, ancestral halls and temples, and lands that help counter-revolutionary rich peasants", "completely destroy the local counter-revolutionary political organs, organize Soviet political organs", "disarm all counter-revolutionary forces in the border areas, and extensively carry out arming of workers, farm laborers, and poor peasants." and the middle peasants" in order to establish a solid revolutionary base in the Shaanxi-Gansu border.

On June 26, 1932, the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China held a joint meeting of representatives of the northern provincial party committees in Shanghai, and passed the "Resolution on Developing Guerrilla Movement and Creating Northern Soviet Areas." "Resolution" further emphasized. "Creating, consolidating and developing a new Soviet area on the Shaanxi-Gansu border" is the "basic task and work of the northern party", which requires that "in the border area, the broad masses of the hardworking people should first be mobilized to carry out and mobilize the mass struggle", and "destroy and eliminate all reactionary forces in the border area." Force. Arming the masses of toilers”; implementing “all decrees of the Soviet Central Government”; the Red Twenty-Sixth Army should “train to become a powerful Red Army and consolidate and develop the Shaanxi-Gansu Border Soviet Area.”

On August 1, 1932, the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China issued an "Instruction Letter" to the Shaanxi Provincial Party Committee, reaffirming the Central Committee's decision to establish a formal Red Army and a new Soviet area on the Shaanxi-Gansu border, demanding that "the Shaanxi Party must intensify tenfold and a hundredfold." For this work", "we must resolutely confiscate the land of the landlord class, temples, local tyrants and evil gentry, and distribute it equally to hired peasants, poor peasants, and middle peasants according to the labor force and population." A bunch". "Start a planned guerrilla movement", "strengthen party work in the Border Regions".

According to the above-mentioned resolutions and instructions of the Party Central Committee, the Shaanxi Provincial Committee of the Communist Party of China passed a resolution and issued instructions accordingly, specifically deploying the work of planning to build a new Soviet area on the Shaanxi-Gansu border and forming the 26th Army of the Chinese Workers' and Peasants' Red Army. On June 1, 1932, the Shaanxi Provincial Committee of the Communist Party of China passed the "Resolution on the Establishment of the Shaanxi-Gansu Bianyun Soviet Area and the Guerrilla Team Accepted by the Central Committee". The "Resolution" pointed out: "The establishment of a new Soviet area and the development of guerrilla warfare" are "a central task of the whole party in Shaanxi"; it was decided to form peasant guerrillas in the Shaanxi-Gansu border area.To carry out guerrilla movements and carry out land revolutions, "select some of the most elite troops from guerrilla movements in various places. Organize them into a regiment."Workers from Xi'an and peasants from Sanyuan, Fuping, and Pucheng were recruited to join the Red Army; the provincial party committee also decided. "Send effective comrades to organize the special committee of the border area, and instruct the guerrilla team committee to use the maximum strength to establish this work in the Xunyi Party Headquarters", "In the Red Army's base areas and guerrilla areas, we should develop Party organization. Absorb farm laborers, poor peasants, and good middle peasants into the party."

On August 25, 1932, the Shaanxi Provincial Committee of the Communist Party of China held an enlarged plenary meeting to convey and implement the "August 1st Directive" of the Central Committee and the spirit of the joint meeting of representatives of the northern provincial committees, and passed the "Four Encirclement and Suppression of the Imperialist Kuomintang, "Resolution on Creating a New Soviet Area on the Shaanxi-Gansu Border Area and the 26th Red Army", further proposing, "A regiment of the Red Army must be formed immediately according to the strength of the current guerrilla forces. In the near future, the task of forming a division will be realized", 26 The army "must resolutely implement the military plan of the provincial party committee in order to realize the task of creating a new Soviet area." The "Resolution" requires that the Red Twenty-Sixth Army and the Shaanxi-Gansu border party organizations should "mobilize the masses to join in the land distribution campaign", "establish and consolidate the temporary revolutionary regime of the Revolutionary Committee", and "carry out guerrilla campaigns" extensively in the border areas. Establishing Red Guards, Guerrillas, Young Pioneers and other armed organizations", the "Resolution" pointed out: "Developing and consolidating the party organization is the most important center for carrying out the above tasks", in order to strengthen the work in the border area, "immediately establish the Shaanxi The Ganbian Special Committee, Xunyi, and Chunhua local Party headquarters are led by the Border Special Committee.”

In order to realize the decision of the Party Central Committee on creating a new Soviet area on the Shaanxi-Gansu border area and implement the instructions of the provincial party committee, the Shaanxi-Gansu guerrillas of the Chinese Workers' and Peasants' Red Army and the party organizations in the Shaanxi-Gansu border area deeply mobilized the masses in Juyi and Zhengning to carry out guerrilla warfare.The creation of a democratic regime for workers and peasants has carried out arduous work.After countless battles and repeated explorations, the Shaanxi Provincial Committee of the Communist Party of China, the Shaanxi-Gansu Guerrillas of the Chinese Workers' and Peasants' Red Army, and the Shaanxi-Gansu border party organizations adjusted their strategic deployments according to the needs of the struggle situation.Gradually shifted the focus of the creation of the Shaanxi-Gansu Border Soviet Area to the Zhaojin area.

Zhaojin area is located in the northwest of Yaoxian County, Shaanxi Province, in the prominent area at the southern end of Juqiao Mountain Range, bordering Chunhua, Xunyi, Yijun, Tongguan (now Tongchuan) and other counties.It leans against the middle section of Ziwuling in the north and overlooks the Weibei Plateau in the south.It is adjacent to Weiyu Avenue in the east.The west leads to the side belly pool of Shaanxi and Gansu.In the territory, there are meandering mountains, crisscross rivers and streams, anchored gullies, dense forests like the sea, and steep dangerous peaks in the center, among which Xuejiazhai is the most.At an altitude of more than 1600, there are several natural caves running through the cliffs. The village is magnificent and extremely dangerous.The land in the Zhaojin area is very concentrated, most of which are occupied by a few big landlords and Xiangshan monasteries, and as many as 60% of the landless farmers.Under the mutual oppression of exorbitant taxes, high debts, and military disasters, the people's lives are miserable.Due to the persecution of successive years of famine, hungry people in eastern Sichuan, Henan, Sichuan and Guanzhong fled here to seek refuge and seek a way out, which aggravated the poverty here.

In the spring of 1932, Liu Zhidan and Xie Zichang led the Shaanxi-Gansu guerrillas of the Chinese Workers' and Peasants' Red Army to the Zhaojin area. In the summer of the same year, the people of Sanyuan Wuzi area launched guerrilla warfare.The movement to create the Soviet regime spread to the Zhaojin area and aroused strong repercussions among the masses; the Weibei guerrillas also used Zhaojin as a maneuver and retreated from the area, mobilized the masses in the Zhaojin Gaoshanhuai area, and established the Peasant Federation and other mass organizations. organize.As the party's agrarian revolutionary line is deeply rooted in the hearts of the people, the situation of the Red Army's Shaanxi-Gansu guerrillas and the people's revolutionary struggle in Sanyuan is expanding day by day. condition.

Zhaojin's geographical conditions and the development of the revolutionary situation received the attention of the provincial party committee.On September 17, 1932, the Provincial Party Committee formulated the "Military Plan for the Border Region."Clearly put forward the strategic goal of establishing the Shaanxi-Gansu Border Revolutionary Base Area including Zhaojin, and stipulated the specific policy for establishing the base area: "(1) The scope of the border area is currently Xunyi Zhitian, Qingshuiyu, Tuqiaoyuan; Chunhua Anzi Gua, Baixiangyuan, and Zhaojin and Malan areas in Yaoxian County. The Zhengning Mountains, Hebei Newt, Panke Newt, Qiutou Newt, and Shishicun Newt are 400 miles away as the center, and the military base is in Qiutouyuan; 2) Align the masses with armed forces. First, eliminate the White Army and militia forces around the border area: (3) Eliminate all counter-revolutionary activities of the gentry, landlords, and rich peasants; (4) Immediately start testing all military dangers in the border area. Cannons and firearms are equipped on these projects." The "Plan" calls for the immediate organization of the peasant guerrilla groups in the Zhaojin area, "to form a large group. The Sanyuan local party headquarters and border special forces will be in charge." Clear out all the armed forces of the enemy in this area." The "Plan" also stipulated principles for the organization, mission, and strategic battle zone of the Red Twenty-Sixth Army.

After the "Military Plan" was formed, the Provincial Party Committee selected and dispatched some cadres to the Shaanxi-Gansu guerrillas to strengthen the backbone.The Provincial Party Committee also decided that Du Heng, a member of the Standing Committee of the Provincial Party Committee, would serve as the political commissar of the 26th Army of the Chinese Workers' and Peasants' Red Army, and ordered Sheheng to go to the Shaanxi-Gansu border to find troops.Since the Shaanxi-Gansu Red Army guerrillas moved to northern Shaanxi at that time, all the cadres selected by the provincial party committee turned back due to impassable roads, and Du Heng stayed in Xunyi to wait for the guerrillas. The provincial party committee ordered to return to the Shaanxi-Gansu border.Gather in the Zhaojin area to prepare for the implementation of the "Military Plan" of the Provincial Party Committee.Liu Zhidan, Xie Zichang and other leaders of the Shaanxi-Gansu guerrillas of the Red Army, after analyzing the serious situation of lack of food and food for the people in the Zhaojin area, decided to start by leading the masses to carry out the distribution of food and carry out the struggle to establish a revolutionary base.Immediately, Shuangmiaozhai organized a taro garden guerrilla team in Zhaojin. The cadres and fighters of the guerrilla team went deep into rural households and mobilized the masses extensively.From December 16, 1932.The army held massive mass meetings in succession to accuse the evils of the ruling class, propagate the agrarian revolution, call on the masses to establish armed organizations, and establish Soviet regimes; The committee formulated a grain distribution method to distribute the grain hoarded by the big landlords to the people, which greatly improved the revolutionary accumulation of the people, expanded the influence of the party and the Red Army, and laid a broad mass foundation for the construction of revolutionary base areas. December eighteenth.Du Heng was appointed by the Provincial Party Committee to go to the Shaanxi-Gansu guerrillas of the Chinese Workers' and Peasants' Red Army. According to the "Military Plan" of the Provincial Party Committee and the mobilization of the people in the Zhaojin area, the leaders of the Shaanxi-Gansu guerrillas of the Chinese Workers' and Peasants' Red Army studied the "Ju Shenfang Mu" for the establishment of the Shaanxi-Gansu Border Revolutionary Base Area, and in 1932 On December 20, 2011, Du Heng reported to the Provincial Party Committee.The Zhaojin area has already met the main conditions for opening up a revolutionary base area.1. Zhaojin is the center of Xunyi, Chunhua, Yaoxian, Sanyuan, and Yijun, connecting Shaanxi and Gansu, especially close to Weibei.It can get the closest connection with the creation of the Weibei Soviet Area; the Red Twenty-Sixth Army can effectively promote the creation of the Weibei New Soviet Area: 2. There are about 100,000 disaster victims in the Zhaojin area.Their urgent demands for the agrarian revolution are the "most powerful conditions" for creating base areas; third, they are conducive to mobilizing the surrounding masses to join the Red Twenty-six Army.Rapidly expand the strength of the Red Army; 4. The Red Army can get sufficient food supply;Based on this, it was decided that the 26th Army would "use this area as a base to create a new Soviet area on the Shaanxi-Gansu border. It would be connected with the new Soviet area in Weibei and become one." cavalry company. On January 4, 1933, the Provincial Party Committee replied to the 26th Army, approved the Shangbu report, and pointed out, "We need to use great power to expand and consolidate the 26th Red Army, and to carry out extensive mass movements in the border areas." With the opening of the revolutionary base in the Zhaojin area, the Provincial Party Committee issued a "Letter of Instructions to the 26th Red Army" on March 15.It further clearly instructed the Red Twenty-Sixth Army to resolutely implement the task of "creating a new Soviet area in the Shaanxi-Gansu border and Weibei with Zhaojin as the center".It is emphasized that "the Red Twenty-Sixth Army must step up efforts to create a new Soviet area centered on the Zhaojin area and a base for the Red Twenty-sixth Army to develop outward."So far, the Provincial Party Committee has determined the strategic goal of creating a new Soviet area on the Shaanxi-Gansu border centered on Zhaojin.