Chapter 91 The Qing Dynasty wants a constitution

Seeing that the national power of the Qing Dynasty is growing, the Russians and Japanese are getting nervous, and the invasion of the Qing Dynasty must be done faster! So, in 1904, black bears fought hyenas. After the signing of the "Xin Chou Treaty", the Russians and Japanese did not keep their promises, and still stationed a large number of troops in Northeast China and North Korea.The purpose is self-evident, they all want to grab this large piece of land into their arms.But why did these two countries suddenly tear their faces apart?There are three reasons: One of the reasons, and also the most fundamental reason, is to erode China as soon as possible in order to compete for Northeast China and North Korea.One mountain cannot accommodate two tigers, and the two countries are incompatible!

The second reason is that Japan cannot stand the oppression of Russia.After the First Sino-Japanese War, Russia first forced Japan to return the Liaodong Peninsula to China, and later forced Japan to recognize that Russia had the same status as it in Korea, splitting half of Korea that Japan had worked so hard to defeat. The third reason is that the Tsar wants revenge.Fourteen years ago, the Tsar, who was still the crown prince at that time, was shot by a Japanese assassin when he visited Japan. This revenge must be avenged! Kuropatkin, the commander-in-chief of the Russian Army, first launched a provocation: Japanese monkeys who are vulnerable to one blow, your army is too naive, and it will take a hundred years to even catch up with our worst army in Europe!

Before Kuropatkin finished his big talk, the Japanese took the lead. As a result, Japan, a constitutional monarchy, and Russia, an autocratic monarchy, fought a big battle on the land of Northeast China, known as the "Russian-Japanese War" in history. This time, Cixi declared neutrality.In other words, China only provides venues for competitions and native spies.China finally became the host for a while, and finally passed the addiction of a neutral country.It's just suffering the people of the Northeast! More than a year later, the battle was over. Briefly report on the situation.

Comparison of troops: 300,000 Japanese troops and 500,000 Russian troops. Casualties: The Japanese army suffered about 110,000 casualties.The Russian army suffered about 200,000 casualties and captured about 80,000 people. Result: Russia was defeated, and Japan thus gained dominance in Northeast China and Korea.Not only was Russia forced to promise to detour when it saw the Japanese boss in these two places in the future, but it was also forced to cede to Japan the southern part of Kuye Island, which was obtained by robbing the Qing Dynasty. This result is a great shame to the Russians who have always looked down on the yellow race!From then on, the Russians made up their minds that one day they would seek revenge from the Japanese and get back their position.Unexpectedly, forty years later, the Russians really succeeded in revenge on the Japanese.This matter will be discussed later.

The results of the battle surprised the ruling and opposition parties alike. The Russian army with an average height of 1.8 meters cannot beat the Japanese army with an average height of 1.6 meters! A small island country in Japan actually defeated the behemoth-like Tsarist Russian Empire! Reminiscent of the Sino-Japanese Sino-Japanese War of 1899-1995, it is rare for the ruling and opposition parties to agree this time. They all believe that there is only one reason for all this: Japan’s constitutional monarchy is superior to Russia’s absolute monarchy. It is the constitutional reform that made Japan leap forward. Become a top power!

The word constitutional monarchy is a bit too abstract, let's use a simple analogy to help understand. If the country is regarded as a company, then the ownership of the company belongs to the emperor or the king, that is to say, the emperor is the chairman, and the chairman is hereditary.However, the management right of the company belongs to an organization called the cabinet, and the head of the cabinet is the prime minister (the prime minister) who can be called the executive president.But there are always conflicts between the chairman and the executive president, what should we do at this time?They go to a place to quarrel and negotiate, and this place is called the Congress or Parliament.

Everyone represents the interests of one side, and the quarrel is very fierce, sometimes even to the point of disregarding the overall situation of the company. How to solve this problem? Fortunately, a company charter can be formulated to regulate the behavior of various roles. This thing is called the constitution. However, for the sake of fairness, the chairman and executive president cannot participate in the legislative process, so the legislative power must be handed over to Congress. Although there is a law, it is still difficult to guarantee that someone will not follow the rules. What should be done at this time?Still no problem, there is such an independent institution to punish those who do not play cards according to the rules, this institution is called the court.

The cabinet, the Congress, and the courts are respectively responsible for the management, legislative, and judicial powers of the enterprise, and they can be regarded as checks against each other, so that one family does not dominate. However, the power of the chairman of the supreme leader is still quite strong. He can issue many orders, such as approving laws and declaring war with other companies.If the chairman is too stupid, wouldn't the company be prone to bankruptcy? At this time, there is another rule - the "cabinet responsibility system" can be used. The order of the chairman must be signed by the executive president to take effect. If it is not signed, it will be invalid. Of course, this rule is not used by all companies.

After a long time, it turns out that the CEO is the biggest boss!That's right, but it's not that easy to be the CEO. He has to be elected through congressional elections, and he can't be inherited like the chairman, so the CEO always changes every once in a while. Everyone can see that there are checks and balances everywhere.Yes, this is the lesson of history blood.Absolute power leads to absolute corruption and absolute desire, so it is better to control power. Since the constitutional monarchy is so good, the voices of insightful people in the Qing Empire can be understood.

Constitution!Constitution!