Chapter 26 Chapter 12 The Revolution Has Not Succeeded, Comrades Still Have to Work Hard

It is said that after the "three sons' meeting", Sun Yat-sen did not support Lu Yongxiang as agreed, and he was suspected of breaking his promise. In fact, Sun Yat-sen had difficulties. Just before the Jiangsu-Zhejiang War broke out, something happened in Guangzhou. Since Sun Yat-sen established the three major policies of "union with Russia, the Communist Party, and support for farmers and workers", the working elites in Guangzhou have stepped onto the big stage of anti-imperialism, adopting a non-violent and non-cooperative attitude and not going to work. Then it was broadcast to the vast rural world, organizing peasants to carry out campaigns against exploitation and landlords... Everything is modeled on the Soviet Union.

In this case, a contradiction arises. The first person who was dissatisfied was Chen Lianbo, a big businessman with a British background (he is the head of the Guangzhou branch of HSBC). The revolutionary movement caused losses to his business and affected his career development. He wanted to stop this from happening again. . You might say, what energy can a businessman have? You underestimate businessmen.Since the constitutionalists came to power, the status of businessmen has been greatly improved. Many big businessmen have even set up private armed forces similar to the army in the name of chambers of commerce. This is the "business group".

This Chen Lianbo is the head of the Guangzhou business group.Not only did he flirt with Chen Jiongming to cause sabotage, he even bought a batch of arms from the British to engage in an arms race.The number of this batch of munitions is unknown, but there are sources saying that there are 10,000 rifles and 3 million rounds of ammunition.Anyway, he wants to recruit troops, strengthen the business group, destroy Sun Yat-sen's Guangdong government, destroy those rebellious workers and peasants, and let the business group dominate the city of Guangzhou. However, news of Chen Lianbo's plan leaked out, and the ship carrying the arms was discovered by Sun Yat-sen's naval fleet.

Sun Yat-sen's Guangdong base camp did not allow private sales of arms, so Marshal Sun ordered Chiang Kai-shek to deal with the smuggling of arms by business groups on August 9. Without even thinking about it, Chiang Kai-shek chose to withhold the weapons. In fact, Sun Yat-sen asked Chiang Kai-shek to deal with this matter very clearly: the Soviet Union's arms aid has not yet arrived, and most of the current Whampoa students are training with wooden sticks. These weapons can be used to arm the students of the Whampoa Military Academy. Chen Lianbo was "sent charcoal in the snow".

Of course he refused to spend money in vain to relieve the enemy's suicide.So Chen Lianbo came to Sun Yat-sen to settle accounts aggressively: the seized ordnance has already obtained an import license, and the government's seizure of the firearms is purely illegal. If you don't return them to me, I will be rude! Sun Yat-sen said: Then you are welcome. Frustrated, Chen Lianbo first organized a strike of merchants, and then organized a group of merchants to surround the base camp, and the incident intensified. How can the prestige of the government be challenged! As a result, the business group was dispersed by the army sent by Sun Yat-sen, and Chen Lianbo was wanted by Sun Yat-sen all over the world.The old boy jumped over the wall in a hurry, and found the British boss in the background—nine British warships sailed into Baishuitan, Guangzhou. The British Consul General informed Sun Yat-sen: If you suppress the businessmen by force, the British navy will intervene!

Sun Yat-sen was very angry, and immediately sent a diplomatic note to the British government, asking the British government to explain the incident. The British government saw Sun Yat-sen's tough attitude and seemed not to be trifled with, so they didn't want to cause trouble because Chen Lianbo openly offended the more powerful Sun Yat-sen, so they quickly distanced themselves, claiming that this was an act of ultra vires by the Hong Kong British government, and the British government would not Interfering in China's internal affairs. Things finally calmed down. Just as the business group incident was still unresolved, the Jiangsu-Zhejiang War broke out.

Although the interior of Guangzhou was not quiet, Sun Yat-sen believed that the opportunity was rare, so he decided to make the Northern Expedition. Chiang Kai-shek urged Sun Yat-sen to say: The base area is not stable now, and it is not suitable for the northern expedition rashly. Moreover, the northern expedition is very difficult and may not be successful. It is very likely that the northern expedition will fail and lose the base area at the same time.Let's not talk about suppressing Chen Jiongming, no matter what, the merchant group must be suppressed before the Northern Expedition can be launched.

It seems that President Jiang's idea of ​​"to fight against the outside world, we must first settle the inside" has always been very firm. However, both Sun Yat-sen and Hu Hanmin believed that with the restraint of Zhang Zuolin and Lu Yongxiang, the Northern Expedition was likely to succeed. In fact, the deeper reason is that they think that Guangdong has become a desperate place, and they should leave Guangdong, return Guangdong to the people of Guangdong, and go to find a new world (Guangdong has become a desperate place, and it is urgent to make a living by the Northern Expedition. —— "The Complete Works of Sun Yat-sen: Recovering Chiang Kai-shek Zhongzheng Power").

Seeing Mr. Sun's point of view, do you feel a little strange? Behind this point of view, there is the shadow of the Soviet Union.The Soviet adviser Borodin who was beside Sun Yat-sen played a special role.The Soviet Union was more superstitious about occupying the central city and then radiating the "central flowering" revolution throughout the country, so Borodin persuaded Sun Yat-sen to abandon Guangdong and occupy big cities such as Wuhan, Nanjing or Shanghai to replace Guangdong. The reason why Sun Yat-sen wanted to leave Guangdong was not only influenced by the Soviet revolutionary model, but also another reason.

Under Sun Yat-sen's call, many small warlords who could not get along in the local area also came to Guangzhou to speculate and join the "revolution", such as Yang Ximin from the Yunnan Army, Liu Zhenhuan from the Guangxi Army, and Tan Yankai from the Hunan Army and Fan Zhongxiu from the Henan Army who came later.According to the normal situation, there are many people and great power, but these warlords each have their own selfishness, which leads to the fact that the troops are numerous and do not belong to each other. Of course, Comrades Tan Yankai and Fan Zhongxiu are worthy of praise. Although they also have small plans, they are still good comrades on the whole and really make revolution.

But Yang Ximin and Liu Zhenhuan should be criticized. They are morally corrupt, have no revolutionary spirit, and all they think about is money. The happiest thing they can think of is to be surrounded by rich people, let the other party take money and smash themselves to death-the remaining half Tate is used to count and spend money.So you have to use money to find a way to do business with them, but the problem is that Sun Yat-sen has no money, so these two brothers not only stayed in Guangdong, but also refused to listen to Sun Yat-sen's instructions.But it’s okay to occupy the latrine and not shit, they still make trouble everywhere, destroying the stable and united revolutionary situation.What's more serious is that the strength of these two mouse shits cannot be underestimated, and there is no way to take them easily. It is easy to ask gods to send gods away, which is one of the reasons why Sun Yat-sen was slightly discouraged by the situation of life and death in Guangdong and was eager to open up a new world. Although he had plans to leave Guangdong, Sun Yat-sen also made thorough consideration.Before sending troops to the Northern Expedition, he did four things: 1. Negotiate peace with Tang Jiyao and Chen Jiongming. 2. Send Li Jishen to do the ideological work of Li Zongren, Bai Chongxi, and Huang Shaohong, and strive to draw these three brothers and the army with good combat effectiveness under their command into the revolutionary ranks. 3. Confess to Hu Hanmin: If the business group continues to cause trouble, they will also confiscate ordnance in batches, and release the wanted arrest of Chen Lianbo. 4. Keep the most elite Cantonese army in Guangdong to watch the house in case of any eventuality. In short, Sun Yat-sen hoped to have a stable rear so as not to hold back the Northern Expedition. On September 18, Sun Yat-sen swore an oath in Shaoguan and ordered the Northern Expedition with Tan Yankai's Hunan Army, Fan Zhongxiu's Henan Army, and Zhu Peide's Yunnan Army as the main force. The marching route was the same as the strategy set by the "Three Young Masters Conference" - attack Jiangxi first, and then enter Anhui after capturing Jiangxi. By way of Anhui, they can threaten Nanjing, the hometown of Qi Xieyuan in Jiangsu. It will take some time before the results of the Northern Expedition are announced. First, let's take a look at the two pieces of news that Sun Yat-sen received: one good news and one bad news. The good news is that on October 7, the Whampoa Military Academy received the first batch of arms aid from Soviet warships, including mountain artillery, field artillery, light and heavy machine guns, and ammunition. These are heavy weapons.For the teachers and students of Whampoa who were armed, if anyone dared to despise them, there was only one explanation: they were impatient. The bad news is that on October 10, the business group rebelled. Guangzhou's military strength is weak, and the number of business groups has a clear advantage. Therefore, Hu Hanmin wants to follow Marshal Sun's established method and compromise with the business groups.Hu Hanmin's idea was firmly opposed by Chiang Kai-shek. Chiang Kai-shek believed that the rebellion must be suppressed, otherwise the business group would make progress! Although it is said that politics is all about compromise, compromise must also be based on principles, and there must be struggle.Compromise without principles and without struggle often fails to achieve results. Sure enough, the business group turned their noses up and asked Sun Yat-sen to abdicate and establish a "merchant government"! This is absolutely impossible. Hu Hanmin and Chiang Kai-shek sent telegrams asking for help to Sun Yat-sen, asking the teachers to put down the chaos. Three days later, that is, on October 13, the Guangdong base camp was in danger. Fortunately, Lu Yongxiang announced his surrender on this day. Sun Yat-sen finally made up his mind to suspend the Northern Expedition and turned his attention to consolidating the base.He secretly ordered Chiang Kai-shek to command all the armed forces in Guangzhou to quell the rebellion. At the same time, he ordered the Shaoguan guards to immediately return to Guangzhou in secret to support the rebellion. Chiang Kai-shek had already prepared for this, and quickly selected more than 400 of the most elite students from Whampoa. They were like a "general army", and they went to Guangzhou City in full armor, claiming that it was a night exercise. After the Whampoa student army joined a part of the Cantonese army and the "peasant self-defense army" and other armed forces outside Guangzhou, they surrounded Xiguan, the headquarters of the merchant group, and quickly launched an attack. Most of the core leaders of the business group are rich second-generation, and towering trees cannot grow in the greenhouse, so these rich children who have not experienced wind and rain and neglected training can usually scare the hooligans and hooligans, but they can only die when they go to the battlefield. The resistance of the merchant groups died down after only half a day, and the rebellion was put down on October 14. Seeing that the general situation was over, Chen Lianbo sneaked to Hong Kong.The early birds ran away, and business groups from all over Guangdong also dispersed. In the process of suppressing the rebellion of the merchant group, although Chiang Kai-shek had a heavy burden on his shoulders, a lot of work pressure, and was busy around, he was full of energy and felt very comfortable. In the battle to put down the rebellion of the merchant group, the student army composed of students from Whampoa showed its strength and captured the headquarters of the Xiguan merchant group in one fell swoop. It made the first contribution to the complete suppression of the chaos and was praised by all parties.No one dares to underestimate Whampoa, no one dares to underestimate Chiang Kai-shek! More importantly, the second batch of students has already entered the school, and the "teaching regiment" (most of the grassroots officers are from the best instructors and students) is also being formed, and soldiers recruited from Jiangsu and Anhui are coming to Guangzhou one after another .Sun Yat-sen also promised to allocate a considerable part of the firearms and funds aided by the Soviet Union to form a teaching group.This convinced Chiang Kai-shek that he would be able to form an army to fight on the battlefield in a short time! Chiang Kai-shek put down the business group, relieved his worries, and Sun Yat-sen finally felt relieved. On October 26, Feng Yuxiang invited Sun Yat-sen to go north to preside over the plan.Four days later, Sun Yat-sen issued a telegram response in Shaoguan and decided to go north. Although Hu Hanmin, Chiang Kai-shek, and even Zhou Enlai opposed Sun Yat-sen's going north, he still insisted on his own opinion. He explained it this way, Beijing is the center of China's political situation, and the eyes of the whole country are on Beijing. The people hope to see me go to Beijing to deal with the aftermath. Even if I can't solve any problems, as long as I go, I will not disappoint the people's hope , It can also expose the nature of Zhang Zuolin and Duan Qirui's warlords, so that the people can see clearly this group of people, and then have more sympathy and support for the revolution. Before going north, Sun Yat-sen made several important personnel arrangements: 1. Order Hu Hanmin to stay in Guangzhou to act as Generalissimo. 2. Appoint Tan Yankai as the commander-in-chief of the Northern Expedition coalition forces, and Fan Zhongxiu as the advance commander-in-chief, and continue to lead the Northern Expedition as a strong force backing for his negotiation and struggle in Beijing. On November 13, Wang Jingwei accompanied Sun Yat-sen to board the "Yongfeng" ship and head north. The "Yongfeng" ship passed by Whampoa, and all the teachers and students of Whampoa lined up on the shore. Chiang Kai-shek asked Sun Yat-sen to go ashore to say goodbye to the teachers and students of Whampoa. This was the last time that Sun Yat-sen stepped into Whampoa. Accompanied by Wang Jingwei and others, Sun Yat-sen went ashore by motorboat.He seemed to know that it would be difficult to return to the campus where he placed his greatest hopes. Before leaving, he inspected the student dormitories, classrooms, and cafeterias one by one, and watched the students' tactical exercises. Sun Yat-sen then delivered a short but passionate speech to all the students: Sun Yat-sen's high hopes made all the teachers and students present burst into tears and their blood boil.Chiang Kai-shek then delivered a speech, admonishing all students to bear in mind the Prime Minister's instruction and work hard for the revolution. Nearly a thousand people in the audience stood at attention at the same time, raised their right hands, clenched their fists, faced Sun Yat-sen, and spat out every single word from their chests: The voices roaring from thousands of young throats are passionate and fiery. Qian Shuang's resolute eyes shone with dazzling fanaticism. Thousands of heroic faces are solemn and excited. The straight body like a thousand spears stands upright under the banner of the hunting army, letting the wind howl, the rainstorm raging, and the flames raging, fearless. They have received a good education in this era. They did not escape or seek a secluded harbor when the country was in peril and the nation was in crisis. Instead, they devoted themselves to Huangpu without complaint and hard work! In the next twenty years, their blood will be sprinkled all over the land of the motherland and foreign countries. Most of them did not live until peace comes, but at this moment they have only one thought: to save China! The "Yongfeng" ship gradually went away, carrying away one of the greatest figures in modern China. Sun Yat-sen arrived in Beijing on December 31. Unexpectedly, he could not afford to be ill in Beijing. He was admitted to Union Medical College Hospital for investigation and found that he was liver cancer. Subsequent operations failed to save Sun Yat-sen's life. He died of illness on March 12, 1925. His coffin was placed in the stone pagoda in Biyun Temple, Xishan, Beijing. When he was dying, Wu Zhihui drafted it, and Wang Jingwei and others participated in the formulation of his political will. Wang Jingwei read it to Sun Yat-sen on the sick bed. After Sun Yat-sen agreed, he signed it on the day before his death. Zhang Jingjiang, Wu Zhihui, Wang Jingwei, Song Ziwen, Kong Xiangxi, Dai Jitao, and He Xiangning, who were guarding the ward, signed as witnesses in turn, and Wang Jingwei finally signed as "note-writer". The full text of Mr. Sun Yat-sen's political will is: So far in the book, there have been a lot of words about Sun Yat-sen, some of which are praises and some restraints, all of which are written according to historical materials, aiming to restore a real Sun Yat-sen, a Sun Yat-sen with flesh and blood. Sun Yat-sen is just a mortal, he is neither a saint nor a god, he has the seven emotions and six desires and joys, sorrows and joys of ordinary people. On the surface, it seems that he has failed countless times and made countless mistakes, which can even be called naive mistakes. But when you think about it carefully, how many times in history can there be people like him who have been defeated and fought repeatedly and become more courageous? indivual? ! Isn't a person who has struggled continuously for nearly forty years, from a heroic youth to the last moment of his life, and still never gave up? Isn't he a hero? ! Countless failures did not weaken his courage in the slightest, and each time he stood up again with a hundredfold courage and led his supporters to launch another attack.He fell down again and again, and stood up again and again.As long as you can stand up and continue to fight, the fight is not over.Sun Yat-sen never lost to any opponent, he just lost to time. Fortunately, before he was fatally hit by time, he made the most important and wise decision in his life-union with Russia, the Communist Party, and support for farmers and workers. The flourishing Whampoa Military Academy and the rapidly growing iron-blooded National Revolutionary Army relying on the Whampoa Military Academy will help him realize his ideal of the Northern Expedition to the Central Plains. More importantly, this group of iron-blooded soldiers who serve the country with sincerity will stand up twelve years later and build the indestructible Great Wall of the Chinese nation with their flesh and blood. Great!Sun Yat-sen!