Chapter 24 Chapter Ten Whampoa!Whampoa

With the help of the Soviet Union, Sun Yat-sen finally took the first step of "establishing a military academy and establishing a revolutionary army": the establishment of a military academy preparatory committee, and the appointment of 37-year-old Chiang Kai-shek as the chairman of the preparatory committee. It is worth mentioning that during the preparatory process of the Whampoa Military Academy, due to the heavy preparatory work, the extreme lack of school funds, weapons, ammunition, and training equipment, and the fact that many senior revolutionary cadres constrained him everywhere out of psychological imbalance, Chiang Kai-shek He had planned many times to quit, but in the end it was Sun Yat-sen who took the airs of an old leader and scolded him fiercely, which made him reluctantly take up the burden.

In Guangzhou in the early spring of 1924, it was raining continuously and the spring was cold.The hazy weather and the drizzle are staged alternately, which seems to tell people that winter is not far away. In such a cold weather, the newly erected "Army Military Academy Preparatory Committee" signboard on Nandi No. 2 seemed to be shivering from the cold, but this did not affect the enthusiasm of the large group of members of the Preparatory Committee. The revolutionary situation is gratifying and time is waiting for no one. Everyone is very impatient and working hard. The preparatory committee was only established in late January, and the school was completed in May and began to enroll students. On June 16, the new students were enrolled.

Such progress is unavoidable.In fact, according to current standards, the Whampoa Military Academy is not a formal military academy.To say it is not formal is because I don’t want to disgrace these historical heroes. To put it harshly, it means that the school is a bit "pheasant".Although the Whampoa Military Academy is a bit like that, it has finally started. It is not easy to be poor and white! Let's take a look at the first leadership team of the Whampoa Military Academy. Please note that most of them will be powerful in the next few decades. What Mr. Sun loves most in his life is the title of prime minister, so much so that military academies have to have a prime minister.

Although his qualifications are not old enough, as the only senior cadre who is proficient in military affairs and political propaganda and has won the trust of Sun Yat-sen, he has no choice but to be the principal.Of course, this also has something to do with his good interpersonal skills. For example, his brothers Zhang Jingjiang, Dai Jitao, Xu Chongzhi, and Liao Zhongkai who have a good relationship on weekdays are all willing to speak for him and support him as the principal. He has never been in the army, but he has followed Sun Yat-sen for many years and has been tested for a long time, and his financial ability is also good.This party representative system is learned from the Soviet Union, which is equivalent to the political commissar of our current military academy.

This man ran away after less than a month of work, and left without saying goodbye. After careful verification, it was found that this matter was related to the power struggle within the Kuomintang. The power structure of the Whampoa Military Academy is like this: Liao Zhongkai is the party representative, Chiang Kai-shek is the principal, and Dai Jitao is the director of the political department, forming a seemingly balanced troika.Usually, the principal is responsible for the specific work, the party representative assists and supervises it, and the director of the political department is the chief of staff of the party representative. Under special circumstances, he can act as the party representative and serve as the temporary boss.

Here comes the problem.The principal Chiang Kai-shek and Dai Jitao, director of the political department, are close buddies. If the combination of "Jiang Dai" joins forces, who can resist in Huangpu?For the Whampoa Military Academy, a place where the interests of all parties are entangled, this obviously destroys the political power balance in it.Therefore, jealous people within the Kuomintang have jumped out to oppose: Either Jiang walks away, or Dai walks away, and the other is one of the two! Dai Jitao was loyal enough, he left the opportunity to Chiang Kai-shek, left the Whampoa Military Academy by himself, and went to organize a new university-Sun Yat-sen University.

But then again, fortunately he ran away, and the handsome and promising Zhou Enlai was able to take over. He studied at Zhenwu School in Japan and is an alumnus of Chiang Kai-shek.A year ago, he was still working under the warlords in Guizhou, and his position was the chief of staff of the Guizhou Provincial Military Region. Unfortunately, the fighting was too fierce there, so he switched to his promising classmate Chiang Kai-shek.Later, He Yingqin became the second most influential person in the Whampoa Clan after Chiang Kai-shek, and worked in Taiwan until his retirement. I mentioned the relationship between Li Jishen, Hu Hanmin and Deng Keng before, so I won't repeat it here.He graduated from Baoding Military Academy and was promoted to the commander of the First Division of the Guangdong Army shortly after Deng Keng's death.He is not only a powerful faction in the Cantonese army, but also has a very good relationship with the Xingui faction, and has a strong activity in Guangdong and Guangxi.This person later became the vice-president of the People's Republic of China.

Graduated from Baoding Military Academy, he was originally a staff officer of the First Division of the Guangdong Army, and later formed a "third party" to sing against Chiang Kai-shek. Graduated from Baoding Military Academy, he is a classic character who runs away when he encounters danger. Ye Jianying, who was only a junior officer two years ago, has now become the deputy director of the professor department.The reason, the only explanation can only be: Chen Jiongming bombarded the Presidential Palace incident, he "rescue" the front line, won the trust and appreciation of Sun Yat-sen.

This person's real name is Brucher, who was later named Marshal of the Soviet Union.The advisory group he led also included artillery expert Borokin, communications expert Dratvin, and strategy expert Cherepanov... Their arrival greatly improved the tactical level of teachers and students of the Whampoa Military Academy. Chen Cheng, word diction repair.Graduated from Baoding Military Academy and followed Chiang Kai-shek all his life, whether in the mainland or Taiwan, he is one of Chiang Kai-shek's most trusted people. This person is the nephew of Chiang Kai-shek's brother Chen Qimei.

The younger brother of Chen Guofu and the nephew of Chen Qimei, a graduate of the University of Pittsburgh with a master's degree in mining. ※※※ No one would have imagined that the Whampoa Military Academy, which started out tremblingly on an inconspicuous island, would become famous all over the world in the future.From then on until 1976 when Ye Jianying took the lead in crushing the "Gang of Four", in the long years of more than half a century, the shadow of Whampoa soldiers can be seen in almost every major historical event. There are so many excellent teachers and outstanding graduates in Whampoa Military Academy, and the stories of each of them can be written into a book or filmed.So, what is the power that makes this hastily built grass-roots team burst out with such incredible energy?

Don't worry, let's enjoy the beautiful scenery of Huangpu first. About 20 kilometers east of Guangzhou, in the middle of the Pearl River, there is a small island with lush trees and rolling hills. It is named Changzhou Island because of its long and narrow shape.The Whampoa Military Academy is located on Changzhou Island, facing north from the south, with a total construction area of ​​more than 10,000 square meters. It is a southern ancestral temple-style building with strong Lingnan characteristics. The most beautiful season in the school is autumn: blue sky, yellow leaves, autumn colors, cold smoke and emerald green waves, emerald green drunk stone house people. However, the essence of Whampoa Military Academy is not its beautiful scenery, but a pair of couplets on the school gate: Seeing this, I wonder if you have a little understanding of the success code of the Whampoa Military Academy?The key to the success of Whampoa Military Academy lies in the excellent quality of students. Speaking of the source of students, let's first look at how other forces at that time recruited troops for themselves. Years of wars had severely depleted the supply of soldiers at that time, so warlords from all over the country regarded the work of recruiting soldiers as very important, and sent capable generals to recruit soldiers everywhere, and they did not hesitate to go back to their hometowns to be deceived or even kidnapped. Judging from this posture, the degree of competition for the source of soldiers at that time was no less than that of the current enrollment of private universities, and it was even more cruel.If you're not careful, the admissions officer can lose his head. Zhang Zongchang, Zhang Zuolin's legendary general known as the "General of the Five Poisons", did such a ridiculous thing: Zhang Zongchang sent four of his cronies to Shandong to carry out conscription work, but the four recruiting officers The work was not satisfactory, and few soldiers were recruited. As a result, all four were shot by Zhang Zongchang. Enrollment is difficult!It is even more difficult to recruit outstanding students! But Whampoa cattle are cattle here: don't worry about the source of students.Speaking of this, we have to thank the Soviet Union and the Communist Party for their help, and of course we must also thank Sun Yat-sen for his change. Taking the Soviet Union as his teacher, Sun Yat-sen not only received solid material assistance, but also greatly improved the ideological quality of the cadres with the help of the Soviet Union or the Communist Party. It took less than a year for the main leaders of the Kuomintang to abandon the habit of looking only upwards and their arrogance towards ordinary people.The Kuomintang began to sincerely and enthusiastically go to the grassroots, to propagate its own ideas and theories among the workers and peasants. Therefore, Chinese people began to feel that Sun Yat-sen and the Guangdong government represented progress and hope. It was against this background that "go to the Whampoa Military Academy" became the most fashionable slogan for a while, and countless aspiring young people took action one after another.They either agree with Sun Yat-sen's "Three People's Principles" or are elites recommended by the Communist Party of China.In short, they went to Guangzhou in droves with only one purpose—to save China. In Guangzhou in 1924, elites gathered, and it was these people who led and starred in China's modern history dramas for decades. The recruitment of Whampoa Military Academy is not like those warlords, who only recruit people, but they have to talk about conditions.Please see Whampoa's strict admission criteria: Standard one, politically qualified. Candidates have to be rooted in Zhengmiaohong.To put it simply, candidates must be "members of the party", or "identify with the views of the party", or be recommended by "members of the party". "Our party" of course refers to the Kuomintang.right?There are many students of the Communist Party among the students of the Whampoa Military Academy. Could it be that they were recommended by the representatives of the Kuomintang? Yes, it is.At that time, the KMT and the Communist Party were one family, so these Communist Party members had dual identities, and they were also members of the Kuomintang.Among the one hundred and ninety-six representatives of the "National Congress" of the Kuomintang, more than 10 percent had dual party memberships of the Kuomintang and the Communist Party. Senior leaders such as Chen Duxiu, Li Dazhao, Qu Qiubai, Zhang Guotao, and Mao Zedong were all representatives of the "National Congress" of the Kuomintang. Mao Zedong was elected as an alternate executive member of the Central Committee of the Kuomintang, and Li Dazhao was even among the five-member presidium. Standard two, must have a higher level of education. The Whampoa Military Academy's admissions examination is divided into three levels: the preliminary examination, the re-examination, and the general examination. The examination content actually includes geometry and algebra, which few people have heard of at that time.It is difficult to pass the test without high school knowledge, that is to say, the candidates already have the equivalent academic ability of high school or above before taking the test. Standard three, the interview must be able to pass. In fact, they have higher requirements for eloquence and adaptability, because these people are also cadres after graduation. If they are cadres, they have to engage in political propaganda work. If they are not eloquent and have poor adaptability, they cannot do political propaganda work.The main test of the interview is the candidate's understanding of "ism" and the degree of yearning for "revolution".Of course, you have to express it with your mouth, and preferably a little impassioned. It is said that there is also a special content in the interview-the assessment of appearance. Principal Jiang will have a good impression of those students with clear bones, correct faces and bright eyes, and will take care of them, but he will resolutely reject those crooked melons who are too much below the aesthetic standard.This may be the reason why most of the Whampoa soldiers we saw later were heroic. After such a rigorous examination, only 350 people were admitted in the first phase of Whampoa, plus 120 students from the Lecture Hall of the Military and Political Department who were merged, the number of students in the first phase of Whampoa was only 500. Why did the 120 students sent by the Martial Arts Hall come here without taking the exam? The reason is simple: human face, Cheng Qian's human face. In the war to protect the law, Cheng Qian made great contributions in the battle of Hunan, and he had a certain amount of energy in Hunan, and he himself was a member of the Kuomintang, so he was naturally the object of Sun Yat-sen's attention. Before the Whampoa Military Academy started school, Cheng Qian brought a group of Hunan students to Guangzhou, that is, the 120 people, to train in the lecture hall he set up.But this lecture hall is not only relatively old-fashioned, but also informal, and there is no dormitory, leaving all the students in the Guandi Temple.After the establishment of the Whampoa Military Academy, the students clamored to go to Whampoa. These students were very stubborn and made a lot of noise, even Cheng Qian couldn't stand it.In fact, it's no wonder Cheng Qian couldn't stand it. Look at these names: Chen Geng, Chen Mingren, Li Mo'an, Song Xilian, Zuo Quan, Yuan Pu, Deng Wenyi... Therefore, Cheng Qian asked Chiang Kai-shek to sell him a face and recruited this group of soldiers for him.Principal Jiang is a loyal person, so of course he will help.So the lecture hall closed down and merged with the Whampoa Military Academy. Thanks to the collective ownership of the Jiangwu Hall, Hunan has become the province with the largest number of students in the first phase of Huangpu. In fact, the Jiangwu Hall was not the only one who went through the back door. There were also a group of students from Shaanxi who were introduced by Yu Youren, a veteran of the Kuomintang. Some people said that Yu Youren opened the back door because of his face, and the student he recommended, President Jiang, was admitted without taking the exam, which is too unfair.Not to mention, Mr. Yu is really talented. Among the dozens of young men from the Northwest he introduced, headed by Guan Linzheng and Du Yuming, nearly 20% of them will be promoted to lieutenant general after more than 20 years.It is particularly worth mentioning that Guan Linzheng and Du Yuming have a peerless general under their command - Dai Anlan, a genius general from Anhui in the third phase of Whampoa, who will occupy a very glorious page in the story of the War of Resistance. Next, we will focus on a few fierce people. It is said that there is a 1.9-meter-tall, long-legged "male god" in the Northwest Army. This guy is so handsome. Compared with him, those famous stars who are now painted and painted are not only far less heroic, but even handsome. Even the martial arts star Wu Yanzu and the singer Fei Xiang who sang "A Fire in Winter" can barely have his charm. This person was Zhang Lingfu, the second mighty general of the Kuomintang who later became famous all over the world (there is no way, since Zhang Lingfu was born, and He was born to Dai Anlan), at this time he was still called Zhang Zhonglin. Zhang Zhonglin is a talented man with good handwriting. He often helps people write pairs and so on during the New Year and holidays. He is already a well-known calligrapher.The reputation of Zhang Caizi later spread to the ears of Yu Youren, a modern "sage of grass" with good handwriting.Yu Youren was the kind of person who was happy to see Lie, so he had to ask Zhang Zhonglin to write a few words for him to read, so he found the barracks where Zhang Zhonglin was. After Zhang Zhonglin heard about the intention of the great calligrapher Yu, he splashed ink on the spot and wrote several banners in a row, which was very face-saving.Yu Youren read Zhang Zhonglin's words and sighed that talents are rare, then changed the subject: I heard that you were admitted to the History Department of Peking University, why did you become a soldier again? Zhang Zhonglin replied: When you are born in troubled times, you should throw your pen and join the army. Yu Youyi listened: It's not like you to join the army with a pen. What can you do in this motley army?Since you voted for the "Peking University" pen, then you should vote for the "Whampoa" Rong.Come, let me write you a letter of recommendation, you go to Guangzhou. So in the fourth phase of Whampoa, there was an extra hunk with a degree from Peking University. At the same time, there was a thin and thin man in Linjia Dawan, Huanggang, Hubei who had just graduated from Wuchang Gongjin Middle School. His parents wanted him to stay as a teacher in the local area so that he could take care of the family. However, he responded to the party’s call and decided to go to the Whampoa Military Academy.His name is Lin Yurong, a very feminine name, which fits his shy and introverted personality. Before studying at Gongjin Middle School, Lin Yurong had completed his initial education in a private school in his hometown. His initial teacher was Li Zhuohou. Mr. Li has been an elementary school teacher all his life in the valley, and he is unknown to outsiders. However, Mr. Li is very satisfied because he has a very promising son, who is the famous scientist Li Siguang who later laid the foundation for China's geology.In addition, Li Zhuohou also taught three wonderful students: Lin Yuying, Lin Yunan and Lin Yurong.The three are cousins. Both Lin Yuying and Lin Yunan are older than Lin Yurong, and both were early revolutionaries of the CCP. When Lin Yurong came to Whampoa Military Academy, it was just in time for Whampoa's fourth phase of enrollment expansion, and some unimportant standards dropped, so Lin Yurong, who was thin and not handsome enough, was able to successfully enter Whampoa.Of course, Lin Yurong's other abilities are enough to make him enter this talented group.His later performance also proved to the world the examiner's insight.When filling out the registration form, he didn't use that feminine real name, but gave himself a very masculine name - Lin Biao. Also during this period, a guy named Mao Renfeng also came to apply for the Whampoa Military Academy.Although this person is well-defined, his eyes are a bit gloomy, and he is not very flattering. However, this young man from Zhejiang, who has studied at Fudan University in Shanghai, has good comprehensive conditions and was finally admitted. But God may want to torture him.Not long after enrolling, Mao Renfeng had some health problems, and he couldn't hold on, so he had to drop out of school. On the way back to his hometown, this dear friend unexpectedly met Chunfeng, a classmate from elementary school, in the guest house where he stayed.According to historical records, this guest house is the top-level express hotel chain that most often appears in Chinese literature - "Yuelai" Inn. Chunfeng's appearance hasn't changed much, with a square face and thick eyebrows. According to Chunfeng himself, he has been miserable these years.When I was studying at the Zhejiang Provincial First Normal School in my early years, I was expelled within a few days of schooling because my thinking was too progressive and I "propagandized the principles of revolution" among my classmates.I have to add a word here. According to historical records, Chunfeng was expelled for being mischievous and not abiding by school rules. After being expelled, he spent a while in Shanghai Bund, dealing with ruthless people such as Wang Yaqiao, the leader of the "Axe Gang", Huang Jinrong, the rogue tycoon, and Du Yuesheng.During the wandering days of wandering around, he met two powerful figures who changed his destiny in the Shanghai Stock Exchange-Chiang Jieshi and Dai Jitao.Of course, this is something that he, who is still a punk, cannot foresee. After being a gangster for a period of time, he heard a lot and saw a lot. He felt that being a soldier is the kingly way, so he went to a warlord to hang around for a while... What a miserable word to describe! Mao Renfeng saw that Chunfeng was doing so miserably, so he gave him an idea to get out of the current predicament: It's not a problem for you to be like this all day long. I will recommend a place for you. If you are willing to work hard, you must have a great future. future. When Chunfeng heard it, there was such a good thing?So I asked Mao Renfeng with great interest: Where are you talking about? Mao Renfeng told him: You go to the Whampoa Military Academy in Guangzhou. You also know Chiang Kai-shek, the head of the Whampoa Military Academy. Later, the spring breeze really went.It's just that because I have been in the society for too long, I have returned all the knowledge to the teacher, and I didn't pass the exam the first time.It is said that under the care of Dai Jitao, he barely passed the Whampoa Sixth Phase in the second exam when he was nearly 30 years old. This Chunfeng classmate later became an intelligence genius.Since then, no one dared to call his nickname Chunfeng, but called him the devil.As for Chunfeng's name "Dai Li", I believe everyone has heard of it. Mao Renfeng also changed his life trajectory because of this priceless suggestion, and eventually became Dai Li's assistant and the successor of his intelligence career. No matter how good the rough jade is, if it is not carved well, it will not be a great tool.How can a crash course with a short schooling period and a period of only forty days to eight months produce so many generals and even marshals who lead the war? This is related to the teaching content of the Whampoa Military Academy.Compared with lecture halls in various places, Whampoa Military Academy is completely a new military academy, which is new in two aspects-ideology and practice. Let's take a look at ideological education first. Thoughts and beliefs are the most fundamental things that people rely on in their hearts. Only an army with thoughts and beliefs can last long.Because only an army with thoughts and beliefs can develop a mysterious and invisible but real terrorist force-beyond the secular and cohesive force of interests. Only with such a cohesive army can it become a strong team, and only then can it not pursue promotion and wealth and its own special interests before the final victory, and can it win or lose in the battle of war and the bloody test of life and death? Don't be discouraged by arrogance and defeat, and risk your life regardless of gains or losses.This kind of cohesion is not possessed by the Hunan Army, Huai Army or even the Beiyang Army mentioned earlier. Whampoa Military Academy has always paid close attention to ideological education, the essence of which is to instill "ism" in students and require them to accept the leadership of the party. At the Whampoa Opening Ceremony, Sun Yat-sen came to the venue in person and gave a speech to boost morale. Among them was a famous historical quote-why the revolution still failed?It is because our revolution has only the struggle of the revolutionary party, not the struggle of the revolutionary army! Therefore, Sun Yat-sen and Chiang Kai-shek introduced the experience of the Soviet Union in building the army with the party, equipped party representatives, established political departments, and consciously instilled the concepts of "party state" and "party army" in students, so that students recognized the party's absolute command over the army and recognized the party's "ism" and fight for the correct "ism".At the same time, students are also required to have the ability to inspire and publicize, so as to lay the foundation for future recruitment and training. In other words, the Whampoa Military Academy has fundamentally solved the problem of "for whom to carry guns and for whom to fight".An army that can combine "fighting for itself" with "fighting for the mission" is unimaginably strong in cohesion. When it comes to ideological education work, we have to mention the most outstanding political worker in the history of Whampoa Military Academy——Zhou Enlai, director of the Political Department.Some gossip people arranged Zhou Enlai's family tree, saying that he was the descendant of Zhou Yu and Xiao Qiao. Not to mention, judging from his appearance as a "beautiful man in the Republic of China", he is really reliable, and his talent for governing the country and the people he showed later is even higher than that of Zhou Lang of the Three Kingdoms. Under the effective work of Zhou Enlai, director of the Political Department of the Whampoa Military Academy, the Whampoa Military Academy has established a prosperous style of "political discussion" since the first phase. The political atmosphere inside the Whampoa Military Academy is strong, and both the Three People's Principles and Marxism are allowed to be spread openly in the school.As a result, students from the Kuomintang and the Communist Party organized their own political groups, preached their ideas, and developed their own teams.Among them, the most famous political organizations of the Kuomintang and the Communist Party are the "Sun Wen Doctrine Society", the "White Flower Drama Club", the "Young Soldiers Federation", and the "Blood Flower Drama Club". Taiwan's parliament has a fight. Speaking of these two factions, one has to mention the leaders of the two factions, Jiang Xianyun, one of the leaders of the "Young Soldiers Federation" and a member of the "Blood Flower Drama Club", the president of the "Sun Wen Doctrine Society" and a member of the "Baihua Drama Club" President He Zhonghan. Jiang Xianyun and He Zhonghan are two Hunanese among the famous "Three Heroes of Huangpu" in modern history, and the other hero is Chen Geng, another Hunanese "Ever-Victorious General". From Zeng Guofan, Zuo Zongtang, Wei Yuan to Huang Xing, Cai E, Song Jiaoren, from Mao Zedong to Jiang Xianyun, He Zhonghan and Chen Geng.Modern Hunan is a land of true heroes! Jiang Xianyun, courtesy name Xiangyun, alias Wu Sheng, was born in 1902. It must be admitted that some people are born to be dragons and phoenixes.Jiang Xianyun, who ranks first among the "Three Heroes of Huangpu", is such a character.According to the memories of my classmates back then (who were later all super masters), Jiang Xianyun is like a star, no matter where he is, his brilliance does not diminish, and he is a natural leader. He was the first batch of students of the Whampoa Military Academy, entered the school with the honors of the first place, and graduated with the first place.Not only that, he also created a miraculous record in Whampoa - from admission to graduation, he won the championship of all subject examinations. Genius, Jiang Xianyun is definitely a genius, and it is the kind of genius that can only be described as admiration! Jiang Xianyun is not only talented and talented, but also handsome and courageous. Such an excellent student is of course Principal Jiang's favorite. However, President Chiang's favorite student, the first teacher was Mao Zedong, Chiang Kai-shek's biggest opponent in the future.Jiang Xianyun was a party member personally developed by Mao Zedong. He became the director of the "Workers' Club" before he was 20 years old, and led the Anyuan strike together with his teacher Mao Zedong. After Jiang Xianyun entered Whampoa, he had high qualifications, outstanding talents, and great personality charm, so he was promoted as the secretary of the Whampoa Communist Party branch.He quickly gathered a group like stars attracting planets. In the first phase of Whampoa alone, Jiang Xianyun developed more than 80 party members, including Xu Xiangqian, Wang Erzhuo, Zuo Quan, Zhou Shidi and others who later became generals of the Communist Party. Although He Zhonghan's aptitude is a little worse than Jiang Xianyun's, it's not far behind, otherwise he wouldn't be listed among the "Three Heroes". He Zhonghan, courtesy name Junshan, was born in 1900. At the age of 20, he became one of the earliest members of the Communist Youth League in China. In the autumn of 1921, He Zhonghan went to Soviet Russia as a student representative from Wuhan to attend a conference with a very long name. The name of the conference was not important, so I will not mention it. During the time when he went to the Soviet Union for a meeting, He Zhonghan, who had a staunch personality, became strongly dissatisfied with Zhang Guotao, the head of the Chinese delegation who claimed to be the best in the world.The two often clash fiercely, but He Zhonghan is eloquent, and Zhang Guotao often loses completely.Zhang Guotao is not a broad-minded person, this person later found an excuse to expel He Zhonghan's membership. If they operate according to their original orbits, the "Three Heroes of Huangpu" will all become communists.It's just that He Zhonghan hated Zhang Guotao, also hated Wu Jiwu, and even hated the Communist Party.This hatred changed He Zhonghan's political choices throughout his life, and he eventually joined the Kuomintang. After He Zhonghan returned to China, he ran a magazine, criticized the warlords, and promoted the revolution, and was imprisoned for it.People with criminal records are generally more admired.Therefore, before entering Whampoa, he was also a very prestigious person.After entering the Whampoa Military Academy, He Zhonghan quickly stood out among his classmates, ranking second among the "Three Heroes of Whampoa". Probably to prove that he is better than the other party, this man loves to go against Jiang Xianyun the most.As a result, the Jiang and He factions in Whampoa fought happily. The deeds of the "Three Heroes of Whampoa" will continue to unfold below, so I won't list them for the time being. An army with super cohesion is undoubtedly excellent, but it cannot be invincible because it still lacks one thing - combat effectiveness. Let's talk about the practical education of the Whampoa Military Academy to cultivate students' combat effectiveness. In terms of teaching, the Whampoa Military Academy has simplified and practical the curriculum in view of the actual situation of the short schooling system, the different educational levels of the students, and the differences in IQ. The purpose of doing so is clear: learning is to fight.The school directly links learning with fighting, and does not learn the most advanced, but only the most useful.How to fight the battle, how to set up the class, how to train the soldiers, all for the sake of winning the battle. In order to ensure a good teaching effect, the school also hired a large number of Soviet instructors. At this time, the Soviet Union had just finished the civil war. These people not only had an excellent military school education background, but also had rich experience in leading troops to fight. Moreover, the Soviet Red Army's combat command, firepower utilization, and coordination management capabilities were already at the forefront of the world at that time.Therefore, the Soviet instructors taught the students the most advanced and practical things, which could be directly used in combat after going out. Due to the chaotic war situation at that time, it was impossible for Huangpu students to study intently in the quiet campus like us today.They can only learn while fighting, and combine learning with practice in the test of blood and fire. This can explain why the Whampoa Military Academy has always been a "short training class" and has an indeterminate semester before evacuating from the mainland, because students will go to the battlefield before they graduate.Although this is cruel and eager for quick success, it is undeniable that "learning war in war" is a shortcut to success. Of course, the Whampoa Military Academy is not a crash course every term, as long as time permits, it will definitely improve. After the running-in and exploration of the first three periods, Huangpu’s teaching has become more formal and targeted. In the fourth period, a stage was added, similar to the current boot camp. All students first undergo various individual training. and preliminary examinations, and then screening and placement. In the fourth phase of Whampoa, the preliminary examination system was adopted, and the school officially started after the preliminary examination was completed.The students were divided into two regiments: the Cadet Corps and the Cadet Corps, later called the First and Second Regiments.As the name suggests, these two regiments are a bit of a key class and an ordinary class.That is to say, the results of the preliminary test of the first group are better, while those of the second group are almost. However, the list after class division made people a little puzzled. The two most famous students of the Kuomintang and the Communist Party in the fourth period were actually ranked in the second group.The little Lin Biao was assigned to the second regiment and the third company, and the big man Zhang Lingfu was assigned to the second regiment and the second company. Why is there such a division result?There are two possibilities. Possibility 1: The test results are not good or the individual combat quality is not strong.As far as Lin Biao's plastic physique is concerned, being able to persevere in the training of the new barracks is already Amitabha. Possibility 2: Not being politically active enough.Whampoa pays the most attention to political performance, and these two people are dull gourds, with dull personalities, they like to think about things by themselves, and they don't like to show off.But if you don't perform, who will know that you have improved? Although both of them were in ordinary classes, Zhang Lingfu, the handsome guy, soon became famous in the Whampoa Military Academy for his excellent calligraphy, while Lin Biao remained unknown. If it wasn't for a firearm accident, he hardly left any traces in Whampoa. During the training period for recruits, Lin Biao not only failed to hand in his firearms as required, but also fiddled with the firearms himself while sleeping at night, not wanting to go off by accident and shot through the upper bunk. Fortunately, his roommate Lin Weichou went out to drink Water, otherwise the two anti-Japanese generals would have confessed at once. Later, Lin Weichou, as the lieutenant general of the Kuomintang army, was defeated by Lin Biao, a roommate who slept in the lower bunk, in the two major battles of Liaoshen and Pingjin, and was eventually defeated and captured. After talking about the students of the Whampoa Military Academy, let's take a look at their principal, Chiang Kai-shek. On May 2, 1924, it was a historic day for Chiang Kai-shek. Sun Yat-sen appointed Chiang Kai-shek as the principal of the Whampoa Military Academy and the chief of staff of the General Command of the Guangdong Army. Since then, Chiang Kai-shek has become known as "Principal Chiang".This is his first official title.Even though he later became the president and president, his old subordinates still like to call him "principal", which shows that he was his student back then, and the relationship seems more intimate. As we all know, Chiang Kai-shek made his fortune by relying on the Whampoa Military Academy.However, it seems that the Whampoa Military Academy is not his world at present, so how did he make a fortune? The answer is simple, because the Whampoa Military Academy will soon become his world. First, the opportunity was good, and the god of fate took care of him, and Sun Yat-sen and Liao Zhongkai, who were enough to restrain him, would pass away in a year.Secondly, his tactics and means are also good-three in one of discipline punishment, ideological education and personal power, simple operation and excellent effect. After the hustle and bustle of the start of school, the Whampoa Military Academy officially started classes. Principal Jiang moved his family to Cheung Chau Fort, and devoted all his efforts and energy to the work of the Whampoa Military Academy. To put it simply, what Comrade Chiang Kai-shek does is such a job that has no scope, no boundaries, and everything must be controlled.Sleeping later than an owl, waking up earlier than a chicken, no bonus for a good job, and responsibility for a bad job, it's heartbreaking.In short, President Jiang is still working hard for the revolutionary cause.Let's talk about his dedication, day and night, and hard work, which has become the conscience of the industry. Chiang Kai-shek summed up the experience he learned from the Japanese and his own revolutionary experience over the years, and concluded a rule: an invincible army must have strict military discipline and have the core values ​​of not being afraid to sacrifice for the revolution. Know absolute obedience and teamwork. Now, Chiang Kai-shek has decided to perfectly interpret this law with the five tricks he has pondered over. The trick one is to lead by example and temper military discipline. For several years, Chiang Kai-shek got up at five o'clock in the morning every day, rain or shine, and was the first person to appear on the playground. At night, he quietly patrolled the dormitories and classrooms.Whoever does not work and rest according to the discipline, Chiang Kai-shek does not mind holding a criticism meeting for him in front of the teachers and students of the school, so that he can have a longer memory. Gu Zhutong and Liu Zhi, the instructors from Baoding Military Academy, were caught out of bed by Chiang Kai-shek one morning when they didn’t go out for exercises on time, and they were severely reprimanded and punished in front of the whole school’s teachers and students without giving any face. As for Chiang Kai-shek's strict military regulations, rectification of military discipline, strict attendance system, leading everyone to run and exercise, and standing in queues, I won't say much. Comrades who have participated in student military training understand that it's just that the execution strength of the Whampoa Military Academy is ours. It is only a hundred times and a thousand times the standard of military training for students. The second trick is to lecture at both ends in three days to brainwash teachers and students in Whampoa. Chiang Kai-shek wrote at his desk with the head of the lamp like a chicken blood. After dozens of nights of hard work, he created dozens of excellent propaganda articles, such as "Obeying Orders and the Personality of Soldiers", "Sacrifice for the The Only Gist of the Revolutionary Party", "How to Be a Real Revolutionary Party Member", etc., are used as speech materials to inspire the morale of officers and soldiers and enhance the combat effectiveness of the troops. The third trick is to become a talent by self-taught, learn and apply psychology flexibly. Since the start of school in Whampoa, Chiang Kai-shek has frequently asked students to talk to the principal's office alone to carry out his plan to recruit elites. The opening of the conversation is usually "I don't have anything to do with you today, just to see if you are used to your life at school, and whether you have encountered any difficulties at home" and other warm words. Of course, Principal Jiang is not just playing around, he is also a real person.As long as the student is willing to raise conditions, he will definitely meet them. Of course, most people will not raise excessive conditions. This is all about the kind elders caring for the juniors enthusiastically. Where is the headmaster's airs?For these sensitive and self-respecting young people, Principal Jiang's corporal attitude is enough to make them heartbroken, and they are willing to do the same. If the two parties chat very happily, he will then ask: Do you have any words, if you don't mind, I will get one for you?Completely close the relationship.Think about it too, the name is called on the lips every day, and you still can't remember Principal Jiang? 去蒋校长办公室的次数多了，他就会跟学生深入聊一些对三民主义、共产主义的理解之类的话题，趁机判断对方是否可以拉过来。当然是拉到国民党这边来，因为那时大部分学生都没有入党。 抗日名将杜聿明就是这么被蒋介石忽悠进国民党的。可杜聿明万万没想到，在他加入国民党的同时，他妻子曹秀清却正在陕西榆林中学加入共产党，举着右手朝斧头、镰刀和列宁像宣誓。 绝招四，也是最具特色的招式。蒋校长带头走时尚路线，另辟蹊径，培养师生“以塑造军人魅力凝聚军心为荣，以不重仪表破坏军人形象为耻”的荣辱观。 相信有人在民国历史相关的纪录片中见到过蒋校长的那一身行头：黑色的披风、笔挺的军装、整齐的风纪扣、武装带、皮靴和白手套，一整套搭配下来，很威严很酷，让同学们是既羡慕又佩服。 无论何时何地，他这身行头是不变的。即便是在凉风习习、淡月当空的傍晚，他领着幼子蒋纬国和新夫人陈洁如在黄埔岛上散步，衣着也是如此。 当然，蒋介石并非一味怀柔，若有人胆敢挑战他的权威，他绝不介意给对方一点颜色看看。 由此，这就有了最狠的第五个绝招——“以权服人”。 这一招在蒋介石处理“宣侠父事件”时，表现得淋漓尽致。 根据苏联顾问的建议，黄埔军校须实行“以党治国，以党治军”，即在学校成立特别党部，作为学校的最高领导机构。 可问题是，不仅特别党部的五名成员的地位是平等的，而且除了蒋介石，其他全都是有共产党员身份的国民党员。也就是说，尽管蒋介石身为校长，但没有特权，还受到了强力监督。 但是，蒋介石很快就从中发现了机会。 蒋介石以校长、特别党部的名义下文，直接指定各党小组长，还规定党小组长每周直接向校长书面报告党内活动及工作情况。蒋介石的计划是一箭三雕：一是插手党务；二是控制黄埔学生；三是防范共产党坐大。 文件下发后，共产党员宣侠父迅速站出来抗议，这位蒋校长的老乡也是被指定的党小组长。 宣侠父给特别党部写了一份十分正式的报告，毫不客气地把矛头直指蒋校长。他认为校长此举是企图以军权代替党权，违背了孙中山“以党治军”的原则。 蒋介石看见报告后，自然是气得骂了娘希匹：居然有人公然挑战我的权威！但考虑到此事非大非小，处理不好会影响自己的政治形象，于是他以老乡和校长的双重身份召见了宣侠父。 两人的谈话很快陷入了僵局。 蒋介石说：念在你年轻不懂事，赶紧交代背后主使，回去写悔过书，否则开除。 宣侠父是个很讲原则并且极有主见的人，不仅不写，还在收到蒋校长的通牒三天后就愤然离开了军校。临走时给同学留言：大璞未完总是玉，精钢宁折不为钩。 宣侠父所维护的，正是孙中山当作命脉的东西，而蒋介石所使的，正是其赖以掌握黄埔的技术手段。 当然，蒋介石有自己的底线，他的底线就是北伐。基于北伐大局，他还是懂得让步的。 如他对共产党在学生中发展党员睁一只眼闭一只眼，这就使得黄埔的优秀毕业生中，国共所占比例不至于很悬殊。而且蒋校长有空的时候还懂得喊一喊“反共便是反革命”、“反农工便是替帝国主义服务”等口号，江湖人称“红色将军”。 表面上大家其乐融融，这就使得国共两党能在最初的几年中顺利合作下去，最终成就了北伐大业。 蒋介石提拔人才时，有一些“潜规则”，如重用浙江同乡，重用对他个人十分忠诚的人，但最重要的一条一定是重用黄埔学生。 蒋介石麾下的核心将领大多出自黄埔军校，象征荣誉地位的“中正剑”绝大部分送予黄埔军校出身的将领，甚至在败退台湾时也不忘带走黄埔军校，校址迁至台湾高雄县凤山市，而且现在还在办。 孙中山、蒋介石把黄埔军校办得如此出色，连毛泽东都十分眼热。 1936年红军长征一到陕北，毛泽东便提出：我们要像孙中山先生办黄埔一样，办我们的“红埔”！这就是后来的抗日军政大学。 其实，黄埔军校虽然不是“红埔”，却也为中共培养了许多红色人才。 周恩来入主黄埔军校政治部之后，便建立了共产党掌握的第一支军队——一支以黄埔一期学生为核心的一百多人的铁甲车队，这支武装力量日后成为对抗国民党的火种。 井冈山期间，包括林彪在内的约五百名黄埔毕业生追随毛泽东。 整个大革命期间，红军中有约三千名骨干是黄埔毕业的学生。 新中国成立后第一次授衔，十大元帅中的五名——林彪、徐向前、叶剑英、聂荣臻、陈毅，十名大将中的三名——陈赓、许光达、罗瑞卿，均是黄埔军校学生或曾在黄埔军校任职。