Chapter 22 Chapter 8 Chaos in China

On November 7, 1917, Russia, which was too poor, suddenly "fired the guns of the October Revolution", and the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic (Soviet Russia) was established under the leadership of Lenin. Since the First World War was not yet over, the post-revolutionary Lenin government endured humiliation and signed the "Brest Peace Treaty" with Germany. At the price of ceding about one million square kilometers of territory and paying six billion German marks in compensation, it withdrew from the war and won the war. Time to breathe.Fortunately, the Germans lost the "World War I", and Lenin took the opportunity to announce the abolition of this treaty, leading the super empire across Eurasia on its road to re-emergence.

Thus, Marx's theory was proved by the practice of the Russians: Socialism works! At that time, there were three people in China who were also excited.They are Peking University professor Chen Duxiu, Peking University professor and library director Li Dazhao, and teaching assistant Zhang Shenfu.Comrade Dazhao was especially excited. He who was always restrained could not help but raise his voice and prophesied: Just look at the world in the future, it must be the world of red flags! In March 1920, the Communist International (an international joint organization of communist parties and communist groups around the world founded under the leadership of Lenin, headquartered in Moscow) sent a representative to China, and met with Li Dazhao and Chen Duxiu in Beijing and Shanghai respectively. They studied Based on the situation in China, he believes that the conditions for the establishment of the Communist Party in China are already met, and the party can be formally established.

The great cause of party building begins here. In August 1920, Chen Duxiu established the Chinese Communist Party Initiation Group in Shanghai. In October of the same year, Li Dazhao established a communist group in Beijing. Around the same time, Mao Zedong's Changsha Communist Group was formed. In 1921, when Zhang Shenfu was studying in France, he and Zhou Enlai established the communist group in France. There were many outstanding people in this group, such as Chen Yi, Nie Rongzhen, and Deng Xiaoping. In July 1921, the First National Congress of the Communist Party of China (abbreviated as "One Congress") closed in Nanhu, Jiaxing.

Thirteen representatives from all over the country attended the meeting (among them, Chen Gongbo, Zhou Fohai, and Zhang Guotao, who rebelled against the party successively), plus Marin and Nikolsky, representatives sent by the Communist International, a total of fifteen people.However, Li Dazhao and Chen Duxiu did not participate, and the real reason is difficult to verify. In addition, due to the loss of the relevant files of the "One Great Congress" during the war, no one remembered the exact time of its meeting, but it was correct in July. After a discussion, the party's birthday was set on July 1st.

The Communist Party of China was born. Shortly after the end of the First Congress of the Communist Party of China, a crucial meeting was held in Washington, D.C., thousands of miles away. On November 11, 1921, the Washington Conference was held.The top eight countries including the United States, the United Kingdom, Japan, and France participated in the meeting. It is strange that China is also eligible to participate. The reason for this meeting is very simple - Japan's expansion in China is too fast, which has affected the interests of the United States, Britain, France and other countries in China.So under the leadership of the United States, all the powers slapped their heads and decided to bring Japan over and beat it, so that it would be more honest, and if it was not obedient, they would go up and beat it together.

As for China, the sufferer, they were also brought here to listen to the lesson, which means that you should not indulge Japan too much, and let our brothers taste the sweetness and share the benefits equally.If Japan bullies you too much, we can support you, and you can pay some benefits. The results of the meeting are not complicated. There are two main points in the resolutions related to China: 1. Japan made major concessions to Britain and the United States. Specific content: First, the ratio of capital ships of the British, American and Japanese navies was maintained at 5:5:3; second, under China's diplomatic efforts, Japan gave up its privileges in Shandong, China, which means that China took back the sovereignty of the Shandong Peninsula and Jiaoji Railway interests.

2. The great powers decided to implement the principle of "open doors and equal opportunities" proposed by the Americans in China. "Open doors" are essentially a stopgap measure.When the United States does not have the strength to monopolize China, it recruits a few buddies to control China together, so that the interests are equally shared, and one family is not allowed to dominate.After all, a stable situation is more suitable for everyone to make a fortune together.But after World War II, when the United States became the world's hegemon, it never mentioned "open door" again.It seems that there are no eternal friends or eternal enemies between countries, only eternal interests.

In any case, the results of the Washington Conference can be summed up in one sentence: the United States has established its superior control over China among the major powers, and Japan has been restrained to a certain extent. The new world order constructed by combining the Treaty of Versailles signed at the Paris Peace Conference and a series of results of the Washington Conference is what textbooks call the "Washington-Versailles system." Regarding the results of the Washington meeting, I don’t know what the Chinese government thought at the time. Anyway, the Japanese felt that they had been insulted: Didn’t the Americans and the British bully me for being weak?If you don't let me do it, I'm partial to it.The spirit of Japan's second pole broke out, and since then it has been secretly preparing for war, and is determined to monopolize China.

In fact, after the Sino-Japanese War and the Russo-Japanese War, Japan has de facto controlled the Korean Peninsula, Taiwan, and the three provinces in the Northeast, and it has become a "Great Japanese Empire." But the Japanese don't understand this truth: for a nation with insufficient digestion capacity, excessive greed is likely to bring about destruction. The Japanese invaded China in an all-round way after 1937, and continued to expand greedily. In the end, they suffered a crushing defeat, and the business of several generations came to naught. Behind the fall of Japan, we have seen one thing—no matter how it rises or falls, no matter how time passes, the laws of history are inviolable, even if it was arrogant for a while, even if it was once arrogant.

The drama of bullying the few with more has just finished playing in Washington, USA, and it has also begun in China. The Zhili and Fengli, two allies who fought side by side in the Battle of Zhiwan, turned their faces.There is only one reason: the spoils are not evenly distributed, and the direct lineage gets more benefits than the Feng lineage. If you want to blame it, blame the geographical position of the Zhili is better than that of the Fengli. It is located in the Central Plains, while the Fengshi is located in the northeast. . Even Feng Yuxiang, the commander of the Shaanxi Provincial Military Region, who has always been unsteady in his stance, has completely invested in the direct lineage. From a marginal role that the grandfather does not love and the grandmother does not love, to a child born to the stepmother, the situation and treatment have finally improved somewhat.

Since the Feng family cannot compete with the direct line in the local area, it has to make a fuss about the personnel arrangements of the central government in Beijing.Therefore, Zhang Zuolin arranged for Liang Shiyi, who was in the pro-feng family, to be the prime minister of the cabinet. Zhang Zuolin's idea is very good, he wants to use Liang Dashen's financial management skills to earn more money to spend.But the problem is that both he and Liang Shiyi are pro-Japanese factions, and they always help Japan to talk and do things, which seriously damages the interests of Britain and the United States. As a result, Mr. Wu Peifu, a professional householder who is "the first bird", jumped out bravely, criticized the Beiyang predecessor Liang Shiyi for coddling Japan and betraying the country many times, and strictly demanded that Liang Shiyi must step down! Liang Shiyi failed to withstand the pressure of his immediate family because he did not pay attention to improving self-cultivation and launching self-criticism.It is said that he had not discussed with Mr. Zhang Zuolin before he resigned on the grounds that his physical condition was not suitable for the heavy work pressure of the post. Zhang Zuolin suddenly became angry: You have been bullying too much, wait for me, this time I have to teach you a lesson! To be fair, the Zhi faction obviously contributed more in the battle of Zhiwan, and the Feng faction just followed behind to pick up some mistakes.According to the rule of "you get what you sow, the more you work, the more money you make", there is no reason for the Feng family to be unhappy.However, people are always like this. After seeing people with similar strength and background as themselves get rich, it is inevitable that they feel unbalanced. Just at this time, Duan Qirui's Anhui faction was trying to make a comeback, and Sun Yat-sen's Guangzhou ROC government was also trying to make a northern expedition. An enemy's enemy is a friend. The Feng faction, the Anhui faction, and Sun Yat-sen hit it off and formed a triangular alliance to deal with the Zhili. Immediately seeing that these three families are getting bigger, I feel a little panicked, I have to find an ally for myself! Wu Peifu looked around in accordance with the principle of "If there is a chance to stab in the back, resolutely not fight with the opponent head-on" in the "Three Keys to the Warlord's Chaos", he looked around and really found a suitable candidate for him to stab in the back. As a result, Sun Yat-sen was in bad luck again, because the person Wu Peifu picked was Chen Jiongming. When Wu Peifu sent someone to contact Chen Jiongming, it was already April 1922. At this time, the Triangular Alliance was ready to fight and was about to start a war.At this critical moment of gaining momentum, Wu Peifu stabbed Sun Yat-sen from behind, which was really cruel. Of course, Sun Yat-sen didn't know about this matter. He didn't know that the backyard was going to catch fire at all, and he was still full of confidence, thinking that this time's strategy should be foolproof.He wants to make full use of the internal contradictions of the enemy, disintegrate them, concentrate his forces, first defeat the most powerful direct warlord, and then calculate others. In fact, Sun Yat-sen's work of "provoking one warlord to fight another warlord" has not been smooth all the time. Generally, the result is that others have eaten up the benefits. He has not gained much. I don't know if the result will be different this time. What a difference. Before deciding on the Northern Expedition, Sun Yat-sen said to Chen Jiongming very sincerely: Come out and be the commander-in-chief of the Northern Expedition, and we will achieve the great cause of revolution together. But Chen Jiongming thought to himself: I like to be the commander-in-chief, but the commander-in-chief of the Northern Expedition doesn't matter.So he rejected President Sun Da's kindness. If you, Chen Jiongming, don't participate, can I, Sun Yat-sen, be unable to make the Northern Expedition?Sun Yat-sen made a careful plan: I can take away part of the Cantonese army, and then let Li Liejun bring over his Yunnan army headed by Zhu Peide, and the strength will be almost the same. If you think about it, Sun Yat-sen dared to resist the Qing government with only a few dozen members of the party. Now that he has more than 10,000 troops and many generals, what else is he afraid to do? I would like to add that the part of the Cantonese Army that Sun Yat-sen could take away mainly refers to the Second Army under the command of Xu Chongzhi of the Cantonese Army and the elite of the Cantonese Army's elite—the First Division of the First Army, the division commander is Deng Keng, and his subordinates Most of the officers are high-achieving students of Baoding Military Academy, their overall quality is quite good, and there are many fierce people.Look at these names who came out of the first division: Li Jishen, Xue Yue, Zhang Fakui, Ye Ting, Deng Yanda, Jiang Guangding, Cai Tingkai, Chen Keyu, Chen Mingshu, Chen Jitang, which one will not be a big bull in the future? On March 15, 1922, Sun Yat-sen swore an oath in Guilin. With Li Liejun as the commander-in-chief of the Northern Expedition and Xu Chongzhi as the commander-in-chief of the former enemy, he marched into the Northern Expedition via Hunan. Just as the Northern Expedition troops were approaching the junction of Guangxi and Hunan, Hunan "King" Zhao Hengti sent someone to bring a word to Sun Yat-sen: Hunan people need to rest, Hunan is neutral, and will not give excuses to the Northern Expedition Army. Otherwise, we will meet by force. Sun Yat-sen didn't intend to make more enemies for the time being, so his plan to enter Hunan fell through, and he decided to divert his route to Jiangxi for the Northwest Expedition. Unexpectedly, as soon as the team reached Teng County, Guangxi, they encountered Chen Jiongming's subordinates with machine guns to block the team from going north. At the same time, bad news came from Guangzhou: following the death of Zhu Zhixin a year ago (at the hands of the Guangxi clique), another capable general of Sun Yat-sen——Deng Keng, who provided logistical support for the Northern Expedition Army in the rear, was killed. Assassination (the mastermind behind the scenes is unknown, but Chen Jiongming is the most suspected). The situation was so unfavorable that Sun Yat-sen had to suspend the Northern Expedition. Sun Yat-sen was very angry, and the consequences were serious.He gave Chen Jiongming an ultimatum: 1. Participate in the Northern Expedition. 2. Raise five million yuan for military expenditure. This is not a negotiation, but an order!If you can do it, let it go. Chen Jiongming refused to accept it, saying that he would rather retire and go home to farm and take care of his mother.He did what he said and resigned immediately. However, this guy is very authentic. When he left his job and left, he asked his confidant Ye Ju to withdraw all the troops stationed in Guangxi to Guangdong, and took Sun Yat-sen's army. How could Sun Yat-sen have spare troops to defend these vacated territories! Chen Jiongming's behavior that only seeks his own pleasure and harms others has resulted in disastrous consequences.The former Gui family took this opportunity to revive in Guangxi, especially the golden trio of Li Zongren, Bai Chongxi and Huang Shaohong. The self-mutilation behavior of "Can Zaiming" gave them the space and soil to thrive. Although Sun Yat-sen was very angry, he kindly let Chen Jiongming return to his hometown safely.This incident also reminded Sun Yat-sen that the Northern Expedition was not as easy as he thought.Sun Yat-sen gradually calmed down, and then called a meeting to discuss solutions to the problem. At this time, there were two opinions within the Northern Expeditionary Army: one was to continue to detour the Northern Expedition to avoid various conflicts.The second is to suspend the Northern Expedition, kill the "Chen Jiajun" and eliminate internal troubles. Chiang Kai-shek is a representative of the second opinion. But Sun Yat-sen was a little hesitant: Chen Jiongming is a revolutionary comrade after all, even if he is not very obedient, his conscience is not so bad that he rebels and destroys the revolution.Taking a step back, even if he is rebellious, I still can't bear to do it when he doesn't take actual action. After all, we work together, and I have always convinced others with virtue. Maybe one day Chen Jiongming will be moved , Where is the prodigal son turning back (the race to survive and rebellion has not been revealed, and he has struggled in the Guangxi and Guangdong Army for several years, and he still wants to survive...Give me the special grace, I should be grateful)? These words really angered Chiang Kai-shek.Of course, he had a reason to be so angry this time.It turned out that his mother who had worked so hard to bring him to adulthood and depended on him in troubled times passed away half a year ago. According to the custom, he cannot go out to work and must stay at home to keep his filial piety.But for the sake of the Northern Expedition, he resolutely gave up his little filial piety to fulfill the righteousness of the revolution, but he did not expect such a result. Since President Sun does not listen to my opinion, the Northern Expedition will fail, so why should I go into this muddy water?In a rage, Chiang Kai-shek returned to Zhejiang in a fit of anger.I don't even know how many times Chiang Kai-shek left his post and left. Chiang Kai-shek's temper is really not small. If it is left in the present, if someone throws down the pick at every turn, it is estimated that not only will he be fired, but he will also be blacklisted by headhunters.But from the perspective of "after the fact", Chiang Kai-shek's opinion is very correct, and Chen Jiongming will definitely oppose it. Just as Sun Yat-sen was hesitating about whether to make the Northern Expedition, his allies were already at war. Thinking of the spectacular scene of the great triangular alliance besieging Zhili, the confident Zhang Zuolin couldn't hold back the excitement in his heart. He couldn't wait to lead his troops into the border. He wanted to enter Beijing as quickly as possible, and he wanted to let everyone They all witnessed his victory.Therefore, Zhang Zuolin gave the army a majestic name-Zhenwei Army, and he is going to do a big job! Damn, I don't want to hold back outside the pass, I want to throw a whip to cut off the Yangtze River, and take a look at the flowers in Luoyang! On April 10, 1922, Zhang Zuolin took command in person, Zhang Xueliang was the general, and 120,000 soldiers entered the customs. There is no ambiguity here.Cao Kun is handsome and manages logistics in the rear.The titan Wu Peifu was the commander-in-chief of the former enemy, and led 100,000 horses to meet the Feng army. On April 29, in Hebei, the two armies of Zhi and Feng met on a narrow road.The Zhifeng war broke out. Under Zhang Zuolin's personal command, Feng's army attacked like a rainbow with great momentum, and the rumble of cannons could be faintly heard even in the city of Beijing. Since the fall of the Anhui faction, the Japanese turned to fully support the Feng faction, so the Feng army had sufficient ammunition, and the artillery fire made the Zhi army unable to hold its head up. Can Zhijun really lose his head?No.Wu Peifu is not a simple-minded warrior with well-developed limbs. He is very good at using his brain, and he has won the secret of never being tired of fighting. Wu Peifu knew that Zhang Zuolin had enough ammunition, so he devised a good method for Zhang Zuolin to consume ammunition - a small number of troops disguised as the main force to lure the Feng army to fire frequently from the front, and let Zhang Zuolin waste it! Just as Fengjun was concentrating on wasting ammunition, the army sent by Wu Peifu had already circled behind Fengjun.When the sound of the artillery became sparse, Wu Peifu concluded that the opponent's shells were close to running out, and decisively ordered the direct army to attack, and the Feng army was attacked by the enemy. Moreover, Wu Peifu also has a secret weapon-the air force that once emerged during the restoration of Puyi.Under the cover of the air force's artillery fire, the morale of the Zhi army soared, and the weakness of the Feng army was also revealed. Most of the generals of the direct line are of professional background, while many of the generals of the Feng line are from the green forest. They can rob houses and rob houses. Commanding a team to fight is to drive ducks to the shelves. How can bandits without formal military education be able to command hundreds of thousands of people? Big battle? Under Wu Peifu's flexible tactics of luring the enemy to go deep, looking for opportunities to wipe out the enemy, concentrating his forces to outflank and defeat each of them, the Feng army retreated across the board. Five days later, the war was over. The Feng army killed and injured more than 30,000 people, took more than 40,000 prisoners, and lost as much as 30 million yuan in military expenses. Even Zhang Zuolin was almost captured alive by Wu Peifu. rescued. Just when Wu Peifu was about to take advantage of the great victory and rush out of Shanhaiguan to take the Northeast in one fell swoop, the United States, Britain, and Japan began to intervene and demanded a truce between the Zhili and Fengli. They would never allow a force that might unify China. As a result, the first Zhifeng war ended, the Feng army was defeated and the Zhi army made another glory. Wu Peifu once again won more with less, and his reputation reached the peak, and he won two handsome titles at once-"Shuai Yu" (ziyu) and "Marshal Wu". What about the triangle alliance?Where did you go?The triangular alliance saw a large number of people, but Duan Qirui had been injured, and he was weak at all, and Sun Yat-sen had no way to give support when the fire broke out in his backyard, so it was the Zhifeng two that really fought. The Zhi army galloped across the Central Plains, with deep roots in Beijing, while Zhang Zuolin's base was in the Northeast. This time, the labor force's expedition came and ran quickly, and it is not uncommon for them to return to the outside of the customs after a disastrous defeat. After this battle was over, there was another person who benefited from it—Feng Yuxiang. Wu Peifu gave Feng Yuxiang a task before the start of the battle, asking him to lead his troops to monitor Zhao Ti, the commander of the Henan Provincial Military Region who had colluded with Zhang Zuolin. This brother Zhao Ti is an idiot, he belongs to the type whose head likes to get into water, he may be out of the purpose of "destroying the morale of the enemy, showing his own power, and gaining the sympathy of the public", so he yelled anxiously before the battle was over It spread everywhere: Wu Peifu is dead, Zhang Zuolin will win! Feng Yuxiang thinks Zhao Ti is very funny: such a stupid guy actually occupies this precious land in Henan, what a waste of money. Feng Yuxiang decided that instead of letting Henan be wasted in Zhao Ti's hands, he might as well enjoy it by himself.Let's do it. Feng Yuxiang easily disarmed all Zhao Ti's troops. After the war, Wu Peifu was rewarded according to his meritorious service, and Feng Yuxiang was transferred from Shaanxi Governor to Henan Governor. At that time, Henan was more suitable for sustainable development than Shaanxi, so the seemingly mediocre Feng Yuxiang actually made a lot of money.With more and more resources in his hands, Feng Yuxiang began to expand the army.From this moment on, "Feng Jiaban" embarked on the road of becoming a vassal who ruled the roost. Both the Zhiwan War and the Zhifeng War ended in Zhili victory.The main competitors, Duan Qirui and Zhang Zuolin, were kicked out of the political center of Beijing successively, and the direct line was in full swing.The confidence of the best partners Cao Kun and Wu Peifu also increased greatly. Mr. Cao wants to adjust his career planning, improve his career, and become a president.And Wu Peifu is not satisfied with ruling the Central Plains. He wants to take over Duan Qirui's "unification by force" banner, unify the country, and leave his name in history.But to achieve this goal, Wu Peifu also needs higher power support. So the two with the same goal decided to quickly get the president into their hands. However, if Cao Kun wants to quickly climb to the position of president, he needs to solve two obstacles: one is how to get the current president Xu Shichang to step down, and the other is after Xu Shichang steps down, Cao Kun will come to power in what name. Fortunately, the human rights of Cao and Wu are powerful, and the counselors who defected here are like crucian carp crossing the river. One of them came up with a strange plan for Cao Sanye, known in history as "the rule of law". This strange man is named Wu Jinglian.He said: The current president, Xu Shichang, is a counterfeit and inferior product selected by our disbanded illegal product "Anfu Congress" controlled by Duan Qirui. It is illegal. We can justifiably ask him to step down.And during the blank period after Xu Shichang left office, we can invite Li Yuanhong back to decorate the front.And for good reason.Li Yuanhong was forced to resign as President during the extraordinary period of Zhang Xun's restoration. It cannot be regarded as voluntary resignation. Therefore, he should be welcomed back and fill up his term. Once his term ends, we will restore the Congress and the Constitution and re-elect big president.Once the president is re-elected, isn't your chance coming? Wu Jinglian's whole plan is simple, reasonable and highly operable.Cao Kun was delighted to see Lie Xin, and signaled Wu Peifu to start operating immediately. In order to realize the great ideal of unifying China, Wu Peifu was not afraid of being scolded for disrespecting his predecessors at all, and he had no psychological burden at all. He quickly found a few lobbyists to test Xu Shichang's views on "legal order and light". As an old literati born in the 1950s in the 19th century, Xu Shichang was very aggrieved when he was president. The most meaningful thing he did during his tenure was fighting.Of course, this is also because he is Yuan Shikai's elder brother, with senior qualifications and age, so he is suitable to be an intermediary mediator.However, with the rise of Wu Peifu and Zhang Zuolin, two post-70s in the 19th century, this old man is no longer qualified to be a peacemaker, and people don't take him seriously at all. Who is Xu Shichang?The old fritters have played tricks more than Wu Peifu has eaten.He knew that he was inferior to others, and he was tired of talking, so he stepped down very simply. At the age of 68, I should go home too! On June 2, 1922, Xu Shichang left Beijing in disappointment and opened the door of Tianjin. Picking chrysanthemums under the eastern fence, leisurely seeing Nanshan. Xu Shichang, who abdicated, no longer involved in politics, and lived a reclusive life of poetry, calligraphy, and painting. Xu Shichang was successfully forced to leave, but Li Yuanhong, another protagonist, was delayed. During the five years that Li Yuanhong lived in Tianjin in seclusion, he had no affiliation, no affiliation, and no attachments. Apart from investing in the industry and making a lot of money, he spent every day drinking tea, writing, taking walks, gossip, and participating in public welfare activities. I don't have to suffer from the coercion of being coerced, and my life is very nourishing. Li Yuanhong didn't want to go through the muddy waters of Cao Sanye's request, which was obviously to let him come out for a while, so he refused directly. However, Mr. Cao has already written the script, selected the actors, and made all the preparations. How can there be a protagonist who does not appear on stage?Ever since, the lobbying campaign of "All in One Heart" began. Cao Kun and Wu Peifu directly sent representatives to the door to try their best, and they even agreed to whatever conditions Li Yuanhong asked, as docile as cats. When Li Yuanhong saw the situation, he knew that they had to let him come out to be the transition bridge.Forget it, let's do it, and give them a favor. On June 11, 1922, Li Yuanhong returned to Beijing to resume his post. When Cao Sanye's presidential plan was on track, another great president, Sun Yat-sen, was deviating from his planned track. Let's go back in time a little bit to the days of the Zhibong War. Seeing the fighting in the north, Sun Yat-sen felt deeply that this was a golden opportunity for uniting Feng and Anhui warlords to pinch Zhili and unify China. He must send troops immediately to respond.He has no time to take care of Chen Jiongming's problem. On May 6, Sun Yat-sen swore to the Northern Expedition in Shaoguan, Guangdong, vowing to wipe out all evil warlords and corrupt bureaucrats and realize true democracy. The specific division of labor is as follows: Sun Yat-sen sits in Shaoguan, the base camp, to remotely control the war, and Li Liejun and Xu Chongzhi are the commander-in-chief and commander-in-chief of the Northern Expedition Army respectively. The ensuing battle went smoothly. The Northern Expeditionary Army entered Jiangxi and approached the city of Nanchang, seriously threatening Wu Peifu's rear.But Wu Peifu didn't panic, he just ordered the frontline army to strengthen the defense. He knew that the pawn he had laid long ago should work, but why hasn't it happened yet? In China at that time, the drama of "mantis catching the cicada, and the oriole behind" was played out everywhere. Everyone wanted to be an oriole, but they often became cicadas.Chen Jiongming is patient and has a city mansion. He doesn't want to be a cicada, so he will wait patiently and wait for Sun Yat-sen to give him the best chance. And now, Chen Jiongming's opportunity finally came. The Northern Expeditionary Army had penetrated deep into Jiangxi and could not rush back to Guangdong in a short time. On May 20, Ye Ju, Chen Jiongming's confidant, broke into Guangzhou and publicly demanded that Sun Yat-sen restore Chen Jiongming to his post. Guangzhou changed hands in an instant, and the situation was very critical. Sun Yat-sen, who was in Shaoguan, hurriedly sent Wang Jingwei to Chen Jiongming's hometown Huizhou to discuss with Chen Jiongming.Chen Jiongming has always adhered to the principle of "things can be done, but words can't be said". He patted his chest in front of Wang Jingwei and said: I guarantee with my party spirit and personality that I will never oppose Mr. Zhongshan, and I will stand up for my subordinates. Take full responsibility for your own actions. Sincere and touching, very face-saving!Wang Jingwei relayed Chen Jiongming's words to Sun Yat-sen, and Sun Yat-sen finally relaxed a little bit.As long as Chen Jiongming doesn't tear himself apart, there is always room for maneuver. But a few days later, Sun Yat-sen had to rush back to Guangzhou to fight the fire. Because Ye Ju's rebellious soldiers not only made Guangzhou city fly, Ye Ju also went to the Minister of Finance Liao Zhongkai every day to ask for money.Ye Ju said to Liao Zhongkai confidently: "The army cannot live without food and pay for a day, but we are the government's troops, and the government must allocate food and pay to us!" Liao Zhongkai was so annoyed that he had to send a telegram to Sun Yat-sen for help: Please return to Guangzhou temporarily to scare the president. But Hu Hanmin urged Sun Yat-sen: You must not go back, it is too dangerous, the troops near Guangzhou City only obey Chen Jiongming, if Chen Jiongming turns against you, the consequences will be disastrous. After much consideration, Sun Yat-sen believed that, judging from the situation reported by Wang Jingwei, Chen Jiongming would not tear himself apart. With his status as the great president, he could still deter the lawless Ye Ju. If the incident could be calmed down temporarily, it would be guaranteed that the great cause of the Northern Expedition would not be affected. . Therefore, Sun Yat-sen arranged for Hu Hanmin to stay in Shaoguan and return to Guangzhou with his own guards. Go ahead to dangers.President Sun is so courageous. At that time, the head of President Sun's security regiment was Chen Keyu, and he divided the three battalions under him in this way: Xue Yue's first battalion followed Sun Yat-sen as a mobile force, Ye Ting's second battalion stayed at the Presidential Palace in Guangzhou, and Zhang Fakui's third battalion was mainly in charge. The defense of the headquarters of the Shaoguan base camp. A mere security force has four famous generals of the Northern Expedition—Chen Keyu, Zhang Fakui, Ye Ting, and Xue Yue.Such a luxurious lineup is really unmatched in modern history. Interestingly, Zhang Fakui, Ye Ting, and Xue Yue are still sworn brothers. Among them, Xue Yue seems to be the least famous, but in fact he may not be.Xue Yue, formerly known as Xue Yangyue, styled Boling.Because of his bravery in battle, people gave him the nickname "Tiger Cub".More than ten years later, the name Xue Yue became the worst nightmare of Japanese pirates, known as the "God of Anti-Japanese War". Closer to home. Before Sun Yat-sen returned to Guangzhou, that is, on May 27, he ordered that "Chen Jiongming shall handle the military affairs of Guangdong and Guangxi as the chief of the army, and all the troops of Guangdong and Guangxi shall be dispatched under restraint." Clear: I have restored your power, and you should use your power to order your men to withdraw. Chen Jiongming was noncommittal about this appointment, but said: President Sun, don't worry, I have ordered Ye Ju to retreat. After Sun Yat-sen, Xue Yue and his party arrived in Guangzhou to join Ye Ting, their safety was finally guaranteed.But Sun Yat-sen immediately found that he had been fooled by Chen Jiongming.The rebels did not retreat at all, and in the ten days after Sun Yat-sen returned to Guangzhou, Chen Jiongming and Ye Ju avoided seeing him, and the chaos in the city continued unabated. House seemingly endless rain. On June 11, Li Yuanhong, the legal president of the Beijing government, came out of the mountain.The National Assembly is about to resume, so where will Sun Yat-sen find a legal reason for the Northern Expedition? The next day, on June 12, 1922, Sun Yat-sen held a press conference. At the meeting, Sun Yat-sen first defended why he wanted the Northern Expedition.He explained: The reason why I led the Northern Expedition was to break the military dictatorship in the north. As long as the military dictatorship does not end, I will continue the Northern Expedition. Next came the current crisis in Guangzhou.He said: I have agreed to Chen Jiajun's request, I have given the money, and Chen Jiongming's position has been restored, but they are still the same, disturbing Guangzhou. I hope that the newspapers will uphold justice and urge Chen Jiajun to make corrections. After saying this, Sun Yat-sen changed the subject and began to speak hard words: I ordered all Chen Jiajun to retreat 30 miles away from the provincial capital. If he refused to obey the order, I would use force to subdue him.People say that I, Sun Wen, are Sun Dapao, but this time the cannon is even more powerful. Instead of using solid bullets, they use bursting bullets, or gas bombs from eight-inch caliber cannons. Chen Jiajun turned into mud powder.It would be too violent to kill more than 60 battalions of soldiers and disturb the residents of the whole city, but if I don't do this, they will not give up.I only hope that the lords in the newspaper industry will uphold justice and do enough work within ten days to correct Chen Jiajun.If Chen Jiajun changes his attitude, it will be a blessing from heaven. If it is invalid, we will have to execute our powers as a general of the navy and army to sanction them! The reason why Sun Yat-sen dared to issue such a threat was not entirely bluffing, because he still had a force at hand that had obeyed his orders from the very beginning of the Dharma Protection Movement—the navy, which is now in the Pearl River. But intimidation won't work. If someone intends to oppose you, how can you give up the whole action just because of a few words? Sure enough, Sun Yat-sen's hope of a peaceful solution to the matter was shattered. On June 13, Chen Jiongming finally took the final step, ordering Ye Ju to launch a military coup to expel Sun Yat-sen, and instructing Ye Ju to cut off Sun Yat-sen's financial resources for the Northern Expedition as soon as possible-to arrest the Minister of Finance Liao Zhongkai and lock up "Sun Yat-sen's purse". On June 15, Liao Zhongkai was arrested.Later, Minister Liao escaped with the full rescue of his wife He Xiangning. On the night of June 15, the senior generals of the Chen family army held an emergency meeting to decide on the military deployment plan. Fortunately, Sun Yat-sen was very popular with the army. At 10 o'clock in the evening on June 16, some military officers who participated in the meeting informed the presidential palace before the action: "The Chen family's army may have misconduct tonight, please leave the presidential palace as soon as possible." After receiving the secret report, Sun Yat-sen fled the presidential palace in a hurry under the escort of the guards, fought bloody all the way, broke through the siege, and made his way to the navy "Yongfeng" ship.Under the protection of Xue Yue and Ye Ting, the pregnant wife Soong Ching Ling also fled under the hail of bullets. In the haste, the wife had a miscarriage, and later she could no longer have children, which shows how tense the situation was at that time. A handsome young officer was in charge of meeting Sun Yat-sen at the pier. This 25-year-old boy became Sun Yat-sen's personal bodyguard during the dozens of days of escape on the water. His name was Ye Jianying. Ye Jianying, a Cantonese, is Zhu De's junior in the Yunnan Lecture Hall.He was born in a martial arts family, and his father was a martial arts scholar.Influenced by her family, Ye Jianying has been good at martial arts since she was a child. When she was studying in the Yunnan Lecture Hall, she once competed with Japanese instructors in kendo. Regardless of the fact that he is still unknown at the moment, everyone will find out later that this man is present at almost every major turning point in the century-old history of modern China. Fortunately, Sun Yat-sen escaped quickly, and not long after, the presidential palace was bombarded three times. This was the "bombing of the presidential palace incident", also known as the "June 16 Incident". The Cantonese army was divided into two.Most of Xu Chongzhi's Second Army and most of the First Division of the First Army supported Sun Yat-sen. It is especially worth mentioning that the First Division was the "Iron Army" of the Northern Expedition with super combat effectiveness and the greatest achievements three years later. ——The team of the Fourth Army of the National Revolutionary Army.As for most of the rest of the Cantonese army, most of them followed Chen Jiongming all the way to the end. Mr. Sun is really lucky. If he walks half an hour late, the consequences will be disastrous.Reminiscent of Mr. Sun Yat-sen’s decades of revolution, someone would help at every critical moment, and I have to sigh: behind every successful person, there is always a little bit of good luck, which seems to be destiny. On the 17th, Sun Yat-sen sent the first telegram on the "Yongfeng" ship, ordering Li Liejun and Xu Chongzhi to lead the Northern Expeditionary Army back to fight against the thieves. On the 18th, another telegram was sent: it is urgent, please come quickly.This was sent to Chiang Kai-shek. Chiang Kai-shek is a man of loyalty. After receiving Sun Yat-sen's telegram, he didn't lament that Chen Jiongming had turned his back on him, and he didn't keep his filial piety. He just arranged for his two sons, Jiang Jingguo and Jiang Weiguo, to his brother Zhang Jingjiang. Back to the center of the storm. As soon as Chiang Kai-shek boarded the "Yongfeng" ship, he was entrusted with full authority to command the navy to fight against Chen Jiongming, and he performed very well. When Sun Yat-sen was in distress, Chiang Kai-shek put aside his suspicions and came to "rescue him" and tried his best to accompany him. How could Sun Yat-sen not be moved?Sun Yat-sen then cited Chiang Kai-shek as his confidant.After this battle, Chiang Kai-shek entered the top leadership of the Kuomintang military with his head held high. Later, Chiang Kai-shek wrote this experience into a book called "President Sun Yat-sen's Tribulations in Guangzhou". He described how he gained Sun Yat-sen's trust and how he shared weal and woe with Sun Yat-sen.Although the book focuses on Chiang Kai-shek's loyal and heroic performance and the insidious and shameless faces of the revolutionary traitors, which is somewhat subjective, it is still a wonderful narrative historical material. When Chiang Kai-shek "rescued him" on the front line, the rescue operation of Li Liejun and Xu Chongzhi also began. The Northern Expeditionary Army was ordered to return to attack Guangdong, but as soon as they entered Guangdong, quite a few officers from Guangdong fell under the attack of Chen Jiongming's sugar-coated shells and turned their backs one after another.In addition, under the lure of Wu Peifu, Shen Hongying of the Guangxi Clique also led the army to make trouble.The Northern Expeditionary Army was attacked by the enemy, so they had to retreat in two parts. Li Liejun retreated to Guangxi, and Xu Chongzhi retreated to Fujian. 在“永丰”舰上熬了五十多天后，孙中山连续收到坏消息：海军中的不少将领没能经受住大浪淘沙的风雨磨砺，晚节不保，英雄变狗熊，倒在了陈炯明的金钱攻势下。 孙中山眼见无法扳倒陈炯明，只得率蒋介石等人借道香港，于8月初回到了皖系卢永祥势力范围内的上海。 又失败了。孙中山已经算不清自己是第几次失败了。