Chapter 11 Chapter 11 "September 18", behind the hatred of the family and the country

In May 1931, the warm spring breeze was gone, and the heat of early summer had arrived. Although countless underground organizations of "communist bandits" have been uncovered, Chiang Kai-shek's mood is not getting better because the Kuomintang has split again. This was done by Chiang Kai-shek. Although Chiang Kai-shek has been very busy these years, the reasons for his busy work are roughly the same: "one party, one doctrine, and one leader" (to clean up the party), and "to fight against the outside world must settle the inside" (to eliminate opponents and unify the whole country).To put it bluntly, it is to engage in centralization and individual dictatorship.

It should be said that Chiang Kai-shek walked happily on the road of dictatorship.He not only replaced Tan Yankai who had already gone to see Sun Yat-sen as the chairman of the National Government, but also served as the president of the Executive Yuan. He also mastered the real power of party affairs through Er Chen, and he was definitely the number one real power figure.Even so, he was still constrained by the "five-house system" and the "three-tier power structure", and it was very troublesome to do things. After the end of the Central Plains War, Chiang Kai-shek unified the country in name, and he decided to take advantage of the situation to get rid of these constraints. How did he do it?

When he fell asleep, someone sent him a pillow. Chiang Kai-shek was worried about finding a breakthrough. Hu Shi, a handsome scholar, published articles such as "Human Rights and the Law" in the "New Moon" magazine, criticizing the serious lack of human rights in China at that time and the government's abuse of power. Formulate a constitution and build a country ruled by law. Therefore, Chiang Kai-shek proposed: convene a national meeting in advance, formulate a constitution (that is, a constitution), implement a presidential system, and elect a president. Of course, this president was tailor-made by Chiang Kai-shek for himself, with the purpose of guaranteeing him a dictatorship with a legal system.

However, this proposal was strongly opposed by Hu Hanmin, President of the Legislative Yuan, a member of the Standing Committee of the State Council.The reason for Hu Hanmin's opposition is not difficult to think of: the struggle for leadership.Originally, Hu Hanmin and Chiang Kai-shek were equal, but once the presidential system is implemented and Chiang Kai-shek becomes the president, then Chiang Kai-shek can justifiably lead the Fifth Academy, and Hu Hanmin will be demoted to become a subordinate. Relying on his seniority, Hu Hanmin's opposition was particularly fierce, especially because he didn't give Chiang Kai-shek face.

And Chiang Kai-shek's temper is not very good, especially not being stimulated.Once stimulated, you will lose your cool.As soon as he loses his composure, he will follow the old path of military intervention in politics. This is true of the "Zhongshan Ship Incident" and "April 12".I can't beat you, can't I win? Therefore, on the evening of February 28, 1931, Chiang Kai-shek tricked Hu Hanmin out of the house and put him under house arrest in Tangshan, a suburb of Nanjing, on the grounds of "please have a big meal". This is known as the "Tangshan Incident" in history.

This extreme action, which was untenable in terms of law, reason and sentiment, immediately gave Chiang Kai-shek's opponents a good opportunity to rebel. The first person to jump out was Lin Sen, the vice president of the Legislative Yuan and the Xishan Conference faction. At this time, Chen Jitang, who was far away in Guangdong, felt very keenly that his opportunity had come. He wanted to learn from Cao Cao and coerce the emperor to command the princes.Therefore, Chen Jitang led the younger brothers to send a telegram in response to the "Proposal to Impeach Chiang Kai-shek".

It would be easy if there were local powerful factions to respond. Besides, Guangdong is the base camp of the "revolution".In this regard, anti-Chiangists from various factions went south one after another. Wang Jingwei's reorganization faction, Sun Ke's Prince's faction, Gu Yingfen's veteran faction, Zou Lu's Xishan Conference faction, and the Guangxi faction gathered in Guangzhou. At the end of May 1931, the Anti-Chiang Alliance established a separate "National Government" in Guangzhou, with Wang Jingwei as its leader. Because almost all the people who opposed Chiang this time had registered permanent residence in Guangdong, this split was called "Ningyue Confrontation" or "Ningyue Split".

Let alone a split, the anti-Chiang alliance also demanded that Chiang Kai-shek resign and leave, or meet with force. These people are not kidding. Under their care, Yan Xishan and Li Zongren, who had been completely abolished by Chiang Kai-shek, went to their hometown to rebel.A few months later, on September 18, another major event happened, which made Chiang Kai-shek, who was under mass attack, have no time to care about him. Yan Xishan and Li Zongren were also able to make a successful comeback. The enhanced version of "Chameleon" Shi Yousan accepted the appointment and funding of Wang Jingwei of the Guangdong Nationalist Government and led the crowd to rebel in Hebei.

As I said before, Shi Yousan was originally a general under Feng Yuxiang, and he turned Feng to Jiang, Jiang to Feng, Feng to Zhang, Zhang to Wang, and the Communist Party against the Communist Party. Peerless.However, those who come out to mess around will have to return it sooner or later. This person was later buried alive on the bank of the Yellow River by his subordinates.Of course, this is for another day.At this moment, Shi Yousan took advantage of Wang Jingwei's help, got everything going right and left, cheated and abducted, and had more than 60,000 people at hand. After Shi Yousan rebelled in Hebei, Zhang Xueliang, the highest official in the North China region of the Nationalist Government in Beijing, panicked, because he didn't have enough troops to guard the territory in the pass, which was not enough to suppress Shi Yousan.Zhang Xueliang had no choice but to hastily transfer his direct troops from the Northeast to enter the pass, and with all his strength, fought until the end of August before defeating Shi Yousan.

After Zhang Xueliang dealt with Shi Yousan, he did not let the more than 100,000 direct descendants on hand return to the Northeast, but stationed there.This may be because he wants his brothers to leave the bitter cold of the Northeast for a while, and enjoy the flowers, willows and greens of the world inside the pass.It may also be because he is more assured of the strength of the troops left behind by the Northeast Army. On the one hand, the elites of the direct descendants of Shenyang, the headquarters of the guard, the Seventh Brigade and the Northeast Air Force are strong. Listen to his command, but the number is hundreds of thousands. Zhang Xueliang is confident that the 20,000 Kwantung Army of the Japanese will not be able to defy the sky.

But the reality is that the Northeast is already in crisis. In the past six months, the Japanese not only conducted provocative military exercises in Northeast China, but also created troubles such as the "Wanbaoshan Incident" and the "Nakamura Incident". In the face of provocation, Zhang Xueliang's clever strategy is to follow the established policy - starting from his father Zhang Zuolin, the Northeast Army's method of dealing with the Japanese has always been "to avoid direct conflicts, to give small gains, but not to suffer big losses." In hindsight, the effect of this method seems to be "good", because the Japanese's repeated provocations were ignored and no war was launched.But Zhang Xueliang didn't know: the Japanese didn't go to war just because the best time to go to war didn't come. Therefore, when the time came to the night of September 18, 1931, the young marshal Zhang Xueliang enjoyed Yingge Yanwu as always. However, in the northeast thousands of miles away, something Zhang Xueliang did not expect happened. At about ten o'clock in the evening on September 18, 1931, the Japanese army created the "Liutiao Lake Incident" and blew up the tracks of the Nanman Railway near Liutiao Lake in Shenyang, falsely claiming that the Fengjun had destroyed the railway. At about eleven o'clock in the evening, nearly 200 Japanese troops (a squadron) used this as an excuse to raid the North Camp in Shenyang. That unforgettable national humiliation, that disaster before Nirvana and rebirth—the "September 18th Incident" broke out.However, the "September 18th" gunshots aroused the blood and awakening of the Chinese nation, and the great anti-Japanese war also kicked off! According to investigations by historians, the Japanese cabinet was basically unaware of the "September 18th Incident", and the emperor and the military only acquiesced.This operation of the Japanese army was actually arranged by three Japanese pirates, the "Three Heroes of the Kwantung Army" Kanji Ishihara, Seishiro Sakagaki, and Kenji Doihara.You must know that among these three guys, the highest rank is the Colonel, who is just a colonel, but this is not surprising in the Japanese army where "downing the top" is a common practice. There is only one reason why the three devils chose to start the war at this time: the timing is right. As mentioned above, in the 1920s, Japan's economy was not in a good mood.With the outbreak of the Great Depression, the situation in Japan in 1931 became more severe: the economy retreated in an all-round way, the unemployment rate hit new highs repeatedly, the people's lives were difficult, and social conflicts were on the verge of breaking out. Facing the precarious domestic situation, the Japanese Military Ministry thought of a solution that was in line with the interests of the military: take the road of militarism, launch a war, and fully control Northeast China.In this way, they can not only obtain a broad raw material production area and consumer market to solve the country's economic crisis, but also make it easier for them to make contributions and become rich and famous. However, the idea of ​​the Japanese military department was opposed by the Japanese cabinet and the National Assembly, not because these politicians were kind-hearted and sympathetic to China, but because they did not want to invade through war, or delay the start of the war as much as possible. Relatively speaking, politicians often have a long-term vision than soldiers, and are not as eager for quick success as soldiers, because they don't want to pay for risks.From the standpoint of the Japanese cabinet, the huge military appropriations brought about by the war, international intervention, and China's inevitable resistance may lead to further deterioration of Japan's domestic situation.What's more serious is that once the domestic situation continues to deteriorate, these politicians will inevitably resign and leave, and the power in their hands will disappear. This is unacceptable to them. Therefore, the Japanese cabinet insisted that the benefits obtained through war may be obtained through a combination of diplomatic negotiations and military intimidation, so why bother to launch a war with huge risks? But the problem is that the military forces represented by Emperor Hirohito and the Japanese military department, and the political party forces represented by the Japanese cabinet and parliament each have their own propositions and interests, and they all want to dominate Japan in their own way.Therefore, in order to end this kind of internal conflict that seems to be a divergence of direction and line, but is actually a conflict of power and interest, it will inevitably require a life-and-death struggle full of conspiracy, bloodshed and killing. But in any case, for the Kwantung Army, who can't wait to expand its territory and make contributions, the situation at this time is very favorable: the military headquarters has the intention to send troops, and when the Northeast is empty of troops, and the Kuomintang is "separating Ningyue and Guangdong", it is not necessary at this moment. Start a war, when will it be! Due to the opposition of the Japanese cabinet, the Kwantung Army's launch of the war can only be done first and then played.Neither the cabinet was notified, nor was the emperor Hirohito and the Japanese military department expressly approved, so as not to cause trouble to the superior leaders. When the Kwantung Army launched its attack, Zhang Xueliang was watching a play (one was watching Mei Lanfang sing an opera, the other was watching Chu Minyi singing "Empty City Strategies"). Of course, it was impossible to contact him in time. As usual, he ordered his subordinates to surrender rather than resist, and wait for news from the boss. If the Seventh Brigade of Zhang Xueliang's direct descendants in Shenyang Beidaying (strengthened brigade, nearly 10,000 people. It was the most elite unit of the Northeast Army, and it was also the most equipped unit in the Chinese Army at that time. It was equipped with heavy weapons, more than ten tanks, and the Northeast Air Force artillery support) immediately fought back bravely, fighting hundreds of Japanese devils, the result is really hard to say. After Zhang Xueliang got the news of Rong Zhen, he issued a response policy ("Mr. Wang Tiehan's Interview Record") at about 1 am on the 19th. Without exception, it was still the old method: avoid conflicts, do not resist, and wait for diplomatic representations.That is the so-called "non-resistance". Since you don't resist, the Japanese will not be polite to you. On the 20th, Shenyang, Yingkou, and Changchun fell one after another; hundreds of fighter planes of China's most powerful air force at that time, the Northeast Air Force, had become decorations, and all were "gifted" to the Japanese army for free; The mighty signature "Northeast Man" was almost smashed to pieces because of the "September 18th Incident". After that, Zhang Xueliang ordered the part of the Northeast Army that had not surrendered to "retreat to the inside of the pass." This withdrawal was to Jinzhou, the last strategic hub leading from outside the pass to inside the pass. The Northeast Army didn't know that this retreat was a long fourteen-year wait.Zhang Xueliang didn't even know that this retreat meant seventy years of wandering, and he would never return home. Zhang Xueliang thinks that if he endures it, the Japanese will accept it as soon as they see it, and they will make big and small things like the previous Japanese provocations.But he didn't realize at all that this time Japan was going to occupy the entire Northeast. This is not a wild guess. In the 1990s, Zhang Xueliang admitted in an interview with Chinese-American scholar Tang Degang: Many books say that non-resistance is an order from the central government. This is not the case. The order not to resist was issued by me.The so-called non-resistance order I gave means that you don't conflict with him, if he comes to provoke, you leave him and avoid him.Because the provocations against Japan in the past have always been made small and trivial.At that time, I also turned big things into small things, and made small things into small things...I didn't understand the situation of the Japanese when it was such a big thing in the Northeast...I never thought that Japan would dare to do this (referring to occupying the entire Northeast by force). This incident was not expected beforehand, and the information is not enough. As a big official in the frontier, I have to bear this responsibility. These words were all said by Zhang Xueliang in the 1990s. At that time, the old Jiang and Xiao Jiang had all died, and the parties involved in the KMT and the Communist Party had almost passed away. There was no political pressure, so he didn't need to tell lies. While ordering the Northeast Army to lay down their weapons, Zhang Xueliang also telegraphed Nanjing, asking the Nationalist government to take diplomatic action.However, Chiang Kai-shek, the head of the national government, was not in Nanjing. Chiang Kai-shek was camping in Nanchang, Jiangxi at that time.Because Jiangxi is not only the location of the Central Soviet Area of ​​the Communist Party, but also borders Guangdong to the south, and is the front line for the troops defending Guangdong to go north, so Chiang Kai-shek came to Nanchang to balance resources between "suppressing the Communist Party" and defending Guangdong. Let's look through Chiang Kai-shek's little diary together. 1. On the 19th, Chiang Kai-shek learned of the "September 18th Incident" from newspapers issued in Shanghai and Nanjing. In fact, newspapers in Shanghai and Nanjing only reported the news of the Japanese raid on Shenyang on the 19th.Chiang Kai-shek read the newspaper and received the news, which is obviously quite different from the so-called Northeast Army's retreat under Chiang Kai-shek's order "no resistance". 2. On the 20th, Chiang Kai-shek left Nanchang. 3. From the 19th, at the beginning of the diary for several days in a row, Chiang Kai-shek wrote down a sentence: avenging shame, man will conquer nature. It can be seen that Chiang Kai-shek still has patriotism.However, he did not issue an order to counterattack, but hoped that the powers that had conflicts of interest with Japan would intervene in the mediation.In addition, Chiang Kai-shek hoped that China could unite, practice internal strength well, and when the national power is strong, give Japan a stick (unite internally, go to the national disaster together...the last act of self-defense). From the "Jinan Massacre" to the "September 18th Incident", Chiang Kai-shek's consistent strategy towards Japan is: seek self-existence internally and coexist externally.In a word - forbearance.Unless you can't bear it, you don't need to bear it anymore. From Chiang Kai-shek's point of view, the reason why he thought so and did so at the time was nothing more than feeling internal instability. 1. The Central Plains War has just ended, and the strategic reserve is insufficient; 2. The Kuomintang is split, and Guangdong has another central government; 3. His enemy, the Communist Party, is engaged in armed separatism across the country; 4. The Northeast Army fled faster than anything else, passively avoiding the battle. Therefore, Chiang Kai-shek firmly believed that it was not suitable for an all-out confrontation with Japan at this time, and "to fight against the outside world, we must first secure the inside." Of course, Chiang Kai-shek did something more meaningful than keeping a diary.He released Hu Hanmin and sent a signal of peace to Wang Jingwei in Guangdong.He said to Wang Jingwei: When the country is in crisis, let's stop fighting among ourselves.As long as your Guangzhou government can take on the responsibility of national unification, I can cooperate with you... I can hand over my power and step down, and you are welcome to come to Nanjing to govern. When Wang Jingwei heard it, you, Chiang Kai-shek, can step down, and I can stay out of power, and we will go to the national crisis together.So the national government in Guangzhou was abolished. It's just that Wang Jingwei didn't know, he didn't count on what he said, but Chen Jitang did.On the surface, the government has been abolished, but in fact Guangdong is still in an independent state. Chiang Kai-shek didn't talk empty words, and really resigned from all positions. Since then, Sun Ke became the president of the Executive Yuan, and Lin Sen, who was sent by the Xishan Conference, became the chairman of the National Government... The Kuomintang is basically the head of the right wing. Before the internal strife on the national government's side ended, Japan's internal conflicts were also temporarily quelled. In view of the reality that the Kwantung Army took over half of the Northeast at almost no cost, the Japanese cabinet did not provoke any trouble, and even paid military expenses to the Kwantung Army after receiving the promise of "not expanding the war" from the Japanese military department. The Japanese cabinet did not settle accounts after the fall, and the Japanese military was naturally extremely satisfied with the performance of the Kwantung Army, especially Emperor Hirohito, who, as the supreme commander of the Japanese army, confirmed the "merit" of the Kwantung Army's occupation of large tracts of land in the three eastern provinces. Commendation: ... or in Nenjiang, Qiqihar, or in Liaoxi and Jinzhou, bravely fought in the ice and snow, uprooted the root of the disaster, and publicized the might of the imperial army at home and abroad.I deeply commend his loyalty.There are high hopes for the soldiers and soldiers to establish the foundation of peace in East Asia with perseverance and self-respect ("Modern History Materials · 7 · Manchuria Incident" by Misuzu Study Group)! Hirohito's statement was a ratification of the Kwantung Army's unauthorized war actions as a national policy, and it also gave Wanji Ishihara, Seishiro Sakagaki, and Kenji Doihara a shot of stimulant, making them even more unscrupulous. Among them, Kenji Doihara is the most excited.This kid brought Yoshiko Kawashima to the meeting alone, and came to Tianjin to "invite" Puyi, who had already settled here, to come out of the mountain to be a puppet.Puyi was reluctant at first, but Kenji Doihara gave Puyi a fruit basket full of bombs, which means are you going or not?If you don't go, you will be blown up.Puyi was afraid, so he obediently agreed to Kenji Doihara. In order to successfully leave Tianjin controlled by the Northeast Army, Kenji Doihara also hired about 2,000 bandits, soldiers, hooligans, drug addicts and other traitors at a low price to create chaos in Tianjin and attract the attention of the Chinese side.Kenji Doihara took the opportunity to leave and successfully brought Puyi to Shenyang. This was the "Tianjin Incident".Later, the Japanese established "Manchukuo" in the northeast, and Puyi ascended the throne again, becoming the first and last emperor of "Manchukuo". While Kenji Doihara took care of Puyi, the Japanese army also chased Jinzhou. Sun Ke, who took office as a new official, decided to be passionate once. He strictly ordered Zhang Xueliang to stick to Jinzhou and not follow Chiang Kai-shek's old path of external compromise. Sun Ke did not expect that Zhang Xueliang, who had an army of nearly 200,000 troops, had no sense of guarding the country and defending the territory as a feudal official. He was still acting out of selfishness at this moment, worried that his power would be damaged.The Japanese army advances to Jinzhou, and the entire Northeast is about to fall.At this critical time of life and death, Zhang Xueliang still sent the first army of the national government led by Sun Ke: the Japanese army is very strong, please support the central military expenditure, and ask the central reinforcements to support it. However, the country has been at war, and the national government has not spent much to earn, and Chiang Kai-shek, Song Ziwen and others who can get money will not be kind enough to help their old enemy Sun Ke to borrow money everywhere. How can Sun Ke get the money.Furthermore, the north is almost all the private armies of local warlords. Could it be that Sun Ke was asked to transfer troops from the south thousands of miles away?Zhang Xueliang saw that the central government had no money and no one, so he ordered to abandon Jinzhou and withdraw to the pass. Let me clarify here that not all the Northeast Army has withdrawn to the pass, and some hard bones that are not afraid of death stayed behind, staying in the encirclement of the Japanese army to fight guerrillas and fight against Little Japan.For example, Deng Tiemei's Northeast Volunteer Army, Yang Jingyu's Northeast Anti-Japanese Alliance, and Ma Zhanshan's Northeast National Salvation and Anti-Japanese Allied Forces. Zhang Xueliang didn't listen to his commands, which made Sun Ke understand the difficulties of Chiang Kai-shek in this position-the warlords are self-respecting and put their personal interests above the survival of the nation. It is really difficult for the central government to do things down-to-earth. The Northeast Army retreated without a fight, and the three eastern provinces fell. The loss of the three eastern provinces and the infamy of "non-resistance generals" left Zhang Xueliang with a heavy burden.From then on, Zhang Xueliang, the carefree son, tasted the warmth and coldness of the world, learned to endure humiliation, and learned that being a warlord also requires a bottom line and principles!However, Zhang Xueliang broke out again in Xi'an four years later. We talked about the major protagonists in the "September 18th Incident" above, and now we will focus on a few enthusiastic graduates of the Whampoa Military Academy who were stimulated by the "September 18th Incident". The warlords separated each other, and the country suffered a lot.This made Teng Jie of Whampoa Phase IV, a 26-year-old young soldier who returned from studying in Japan, have a desire to revive the country in his heart. By researching and summarizing the development history of major countries in the world, especially Germany, he discovered a "rule": when a country is in crisis, "leader autocracy" and "nationalism (which can be understood as the opposite of liberalism)" go hand in hand. effective solution. He believes that since China became a republic in 1912, democratic politics has not only failed, but has turned the country into a mess. The dragons have no leader, the world is at a loss, and the country's construction is inefficient.In his view, only dictatorship can effectively avoid such internal friction and struggle. Therefore, he wants to use Whampoa students as the backbone and combine the elites of civil and military youth across the country to establish a fascist-style organization to assist the most suitable candidate for dictatorship—Chiang Kai-shek, the principal who believes in "one leader, one party, and one doctrine" to become China's leader. The supreme leader, clean up corruption, awaken the people, resist foreign aggression, and finally revive the Chinese nation! What is rare is that his fiancée Chen Qikun, one of his elder brothers - one of the "Three Heroes of Whampoa", He Zhonghan, who was the director of the political training department at the time, also supported his idea. He Zhonghan is a young talent that Chiang Kai-shek values ​​very much, so their idea quickly reached Chiang Kai-shek's ears and was highly appreciated by Chiang Kai-shek.Chiang Kai-shek also gave the organization they planned a name-"Three People's Principles Lixingshe", or "Lixingshe" for short. In January 1932, Lixing Society was established, and Chiang Kai-shek personally served as the president. Compared with those Huangpu generals who directly led troops to fight, Teng Jie was completely unknown.But this incident is enough for him to be recorded in the history of the Kuomintang. The backbone of the Lixing Society is known as the "Thirteen Taibao", and almost all of them are Whampoa students, such as Teng Jie, He Zhonghan, Deng Wenyi, Kang Ze, Dai Li, Zheng Jiemin, etc. These people are political geniuses. In just two years, the Lixing Society became In their hands, it has developed to the extreme, extending out multiple peripheral organizations.Among them, the most famous and most influential is the "Fuxing Society", with as many as 500,000 members.Because the members of the Fuxing Society wear blue clothes and yellow trousers, it also has a very popular name: "Blue Shirts Society". The reason why the Blue Shirts are so well-known is entirely because of its ability and spy work comparable to the German Nazi movement society. Under the banner of patriotism, the Blue Shirts Society, holding Chiang Kai-shek's precious sword, carried out large-scale anti-corruption, anti-corruption, prohibition of pornography, gambling and drugs, and correct official style. For political parties, corruption and corruption are like grass on the original land. The wildfire will never burn out, and the spring breeze will regenerate it. The effect of fighting corruption and promoting integrity cannot be good.On the contrary, the militarization movement of social life initiated by the Blue Shirts Society, such as the "New Life Movement" with the "emphasis on civilization and new style" as the shell, and the practice of military training for the whole people, has had a profound impact on later generations.Today's schools raise the national flag, sing the national anthem, conduct military training for students above high school, and hang portraits of leaders everywhere. These are all "pioneers" of the Blue Shirts. Compared with the impact on the social form, the project that the Blue Shirts has invested heavily in--secret work is even more powerful. Like Dai Li's "Military Command", the "Three Youth League" of the power that Prince Jiang Jingguo relied on to "ascend to the throne", and Kang Ze's "Nanchang Camp Rangers" (hereinafter referred to as "Range Rangers"), which shocked the Republic of China and consisted of tens of thousands, all came from Blue Shirts.Thinking about these three examples, it is enough to show how terrible and powerful the Blue Shirts Club is. Although everyone is very interested in secret agents full of mystery and excitement, firstly, the concealment of spy work makes it difficult to verify, and secondly, secret agents are not the research focus of this book, so here we will focus on introducing "" military order". The predecessor of Juntong was the Secret Service under the Blue Shirts Society, and the head of the Secret Service was naturally the well-known Dai Li. Everyone knows that the military and political circles are the most concerned about seniority, but Dai Li's qualifications are a bit shallow.As mentioned above, Dai Li is not young, but he is only a sixth-generation student of Whampoa, and the other backbones of the Blue Shirts Club are almost all Dai Li's Whampoa seniors.That being the case, why did Chiang Kai-shek promote Dai Li, who had the lowest qualifications, to be the head of the Secret Service? There are two reasons. talent.Dai Li is cautious in his words and deeds, patient, and has strong memory, observation, abstract thinking, and face recognition abilities—as long as he has seen one side of the person or even certain parts of the face, he can still recognize it after many years. This person.With these good conditions, it would be a waste of money not to engage in spy work. Loyalty, that's the decisive reason.The two met at the end of the day—both hang out in Shanghai Bund, and then reunited in Huangpu. Especially during the "April 12 Coup", Mr. Dai Li firmly stood by Chiang Kai-shek and actively reported dozens of Whampoa classmates ——All of them were Communist Party members that he had observed and concluded on a daily basis, proving his loyalty to the leader. As a result, Dai Li entered the field of espionage. However, Dai Li must first respond to internal challenges before showing his talents as a spy. Colleagues are friends, so the Zhongtong, which belongs to the spy system, always targets colleagues from the secret service.The Zhongtong, who grew up in the process of dealing with the Communist Party, is naturally no problem bullying the "junior" military commanders, but Dai Li is not someone who is willing to admit defeat, so the two families fought happily.Later, both parties even put their work aside and took pleasure in creating friction with each other. They would be happy for several days if they tricked each other in a certain design, or pretended to have misunderstood and beat up the other person. In order to solve this kind of internal friction, Chiang Kai-shek decided to set up a unified agency to coordinate the work of secret agents. This is the Bureau of Investigation and Statistics of the Military Commission, referred to as the Military Command.Note that this military command is not the military command known to everyone later, the director of the military command bureau is Chen Lifu. The Bureau of Investigation and Statistics of the Military Commission consists of three divisions. A party affairs office, which was upgraded from the investigation section of the Central Party Headquarters, is naturally headed by Xu Enzeng, the leader of the Central Committee; The second military and police department is Dai Li's special affairs department; The third office is the newly established postal inspection office, headed by Ding Mocun.Later, Ding Mocunshui became a traitor and became the prototype of the "Mr. Yi" written by Zhang Ailing. After the outbreak of the Anti-Japanese War, Chiang Kai-shek decided to separate the three places. The Party Affairs Office was upgraded to the Bureau of Investigation and Statistics of the Central Party Headquarters, referred to as Zhongtong; The Postal Inspection Office was changed to be subordinate to the General Office of the Military Commission, and the original department-level structure remained unchanged; The Military Police Department was upgraded to the Bureau of Investigation and Statistics of the Military Commission, referred to as the military command, which is the military command we are familiar with. The boring history of the development of the Kuomintang's secret service agencies is probably over.In the following, we call all Xu Enzeng's spies Zhongtong, and Dai Li's are called Juntong, which is easier to describe and understand.