Chapter 52 May 1st, Feng Yuxiang launched a coup, and Duan Qirui came out again

It is said that after Feng Yuxiang received the telegram asking for help, he quickly returned to Beijing. On the evening of October 22, 1924, Feng Yuxiang's troops touched the base of Beijing without anyone noticing, and it was Sun Yue's 15th Mixed Brigade, the internal response that Feng Yuxiang had set up, to guard Beijing. Sun Yue is a native of Gaoyang, Zhili. He was born in 1878. It is said that after Sun Chengzong, a famous general in the late Ming Dynasty, he was a chivalrous man in his early years. He once killed a local bully and became a monk. The Artillery Department of Baoding Armed Forces Academy, after graduation, was assigned to the third town of the Beiyang Army. During the Revolution of 1911, Sun Yue served as the town's staff officer.Sun Yue joined the Tongmenghui very early and was one of the important leaders in the north. He can be said to be an old revolutionary party.

After the Wuchang Uprising, Sun Yue went south to vote for the revolutionary government because he was involved in the "Luanzhou military remonstrance". .After being hit by this, Sun Yue changed from an active revolutionary to a decadent. In the end, he found his old leader Cao Kun, took the post of head of the officer teaching regiment, and was promoted to the daimyo's guardian envoy and the tenth Five mixed into brigade brigade commander. Feng Yuxiang and Sun Yue were acquaintances in the late Qing Dynasty. After Feng Yuxiang planned to launch a coup in Beijing, he confessed to him. Sun Yue agreed after hearing this, and took the initiative to undertake the liaison work with Hu Jingyi and Yue Weijun of the Shaanxi Army.Before the Zhifeng War, because Wang Huaiqing, who was originally in charge of Beijing's public security, was transferred to the front line, Feng Yuxiang recommended Sun Yue to Cao Kun as the deputy commander of Beijing's security.Cao Kun didn't know what it was, so he agreed to Feng Yuxiang's proposal and transferred Sun Yue's department from Baoding to Beijing.Afterwards, Sun Yue smiled and said to Feng Yuxiang: "After a long time, it turns out that you specially brought me here to open the city gate for you!"

After talking about Sun Yue, he was talking about Feng Yuxiang, the main protagonist of this coup.Feng Yuxiang, courtesy name Huanzhang, was born in Chaoxian County, Anhui Province. He was born in Qingxian County, Zhili Province in 1882 and grew up in Baoding as a child.Feng Yuxiang's father joined Liu Mingchuan's Ming Army in his early years, and participated in the suppression of the Taiping Army, the Nian Army, and the Shaanxi-Gansu Rebellion.After the same light year, the world was at peace, and because the Ming Army was disbanded, Feng's father also disbanded and returned to the field. However, after years of serving in the army, he no longer wanted to engage in other industries. In the end, he joined the Huai Army and was stationed in Zhili and other places with the army.

Feng Yuxiang's father was a low-level military officer, and there were many children in the family, so Feng Yuxiang's life was very difficult when he was a child.Feng Zeng said in his memoirs that when he was young, he followed his elder brother to pull grass and firewood to help with the family; the house at home was so small that sometimes there was no place to sit when guests came.Due to the hardships of life, Feng Yuxiang often went to the pawnshop to pawn household items (because the adults were too embarrassed to go there), so as to barely make ends meet.Because of this life experience, Feng Yuxiang had little affection for the Qing court and hated the old society extremely.

Feng Yuxiang was originally called Feng Jishan instead of Feng Yuxiang.At that time, most of the military training in Baoding was father-son soldiers, that is, the father retired and the son made up for the camp. It was difficult for irrelevant people outside to make up for it.Therefore, there are a lot of people fighting for a vacancy in a year or so.Feng Yuxiang's father was in a difficult situation at that time, which his comrades knew very well. Once there was a vacancy in the camp. At that time, a supervisor surnamed Miao said, "This time to make up for the son of Mr. Feng." The person asked: "Then what's his name?" The Miaoguan couldn't remember it for a while, so the person said: "Let me ask."Miao Guandai was afraid that he would waste time by asking, so he quickly waved his hands and said: "I know, there is no need to ask", and then wrote "Feng Yuxiang" on the paper.

Therefore, Feng Jishan became "Feng Yuxiang". Feng Yuxiang was only 11 years old when he became a soldier, but he was tall and burly since he was a child, and he was born to be a soldier.As an adult, Feng Yuxiang was more than 1.9 meters tall, with big arms and a round waist. He was known as "Big Feng".However, since the Feng family did not have any prominent background, Feng Yuxiang received relatively limited education when he was a child. Therefore, unlike other military officers who have studied in military schools such as military schools, he relied entirely on his own efforts to gain experience in the army. It took years of fighting to get promoted gradually.Because of this, his daily style is very simple, and he has never been contaminated with some of the bad habits of the time, such as opium smoking, gambling, prostitution, etc., which is completely different from other senior generals.

Because the Huai Army at that time was already weak, Feng Yuxiang later switched to Yuan Shikai's Wuwei Youjun, because the Wuwei Youjun at that time was the best in terms of training and treatment.Due to his tall stature, when the Empress Dowager Cixi returned to Luan from Xi'an, Feng Yuxiang also saw the Empress Dowager Cixi in Baoding as a guard of honor (very upset).In Yuan Shikai's army, Feng Yuxiang was gradually promoted all the way up from deputy head, head head, whistle chief, team officer, etc., and became the battalion leader of the twentieth town at the end of the Qing Dynasty.

After the Wuchang Uprising, the revolutionary party lurking in the twentieth town (stationed in Luanzhou) was also ready to move. At that time, the backbone of the battalion management leaders Wang Jinming, Shi Congyun, Feng Yuxiang and Zhang Shusheng, Zhang Zhijiang, Lu Zhonglin, Li Mingzhong, Gong Boling , Shang Zhen, Liu Ji and other comrades or subordinates, even Zhang Shaozeng, the governor of the town, was inclined to revolution, which also triggered the later "Luanzhou military remonstrance". It is a pity that because Zhang Shao was indecisive and asked to resign, the "Luanzhou military remonstrance" finally ended with the killing of 14 revolutionaries including Wang Jinming and Shi Congyun.Participants such as Feng Yuxiang were lucky, but they were dismissed from the military and sent back to their hometowns.Coincidentally, when the people from the Military Law Department escorted Feng Yuxiang through Beijing, they happened to run into Lu Jianzhang, his former superior.

It turned out that after Yuan Shikai, who had been idle for three years, came back, he no longer had absolute confidence in the Beiyang Army he had compiled and trained, so he wanted to form a direct army loyal to him (later facts also proved that Yuan Shikai's judgment was correct). It is the five-way preparation and supplementary army.At that time, Lu Jianzhang was transferred back by Yuan Shikai from Chaozhou, Guangdong, to serve as the commander of the left army. He had a good impression of Feng Yuxiang leading the troops back then, but he was in urgent need of excellent mid-level and lower-level officers, so he immediately decided to ask Feng Yuxiang to stay and help.

As a result, Feng Yuxiang stayed in Lu Jianzhang's left reserve army as battalion commander, and was later promoted to regiment commander.During the "suppression of white wolves" in the early years of the Republic of China, Feng Yuxiang was promoted to brigade commander and entered Shaanxi with Lu Jianzhang.After Yuan Shikai proclaimed himself emperor, Feng Yuxiang's 16th Mixed Brigade was ordered to march into Sichuan to fight against the National Defense Army, but within half a year, Yuan Shikai died of illness, and the National Defense War ended. At this time, Lu Jianzhang, the governor of Shaanxi who was loyal to Yuan Shikai, was also expelled by the Anhui warlord Chen Shufan. Feng Yuxiang lost his backing and could not return to Shaanxi.Fortunately, later Zhang Xun made a restoration and Duan Qirui organized a rebellion army. In fact, he did not have a basic army, so the 16th Mixed Brigade came in handy, and old Duan looked at Feng Yuxiang differently.

However, Feng Yuxiang was not Duan Qirui's direct descendant after all. Later, when the Guangdong French Guards invaded Fujian, the 16th Mixed Brigade was ordered to go to support them, but after the troops arrived in Nanjing, Jiangsu Governor Li Chun was ordered by President Feng Guozhang (Feng Guozhang opposed Duan Qi Rui's "unification by force" policy) kept them until Duan Qirui's faction gained an advantage in Beijing, and was ordered to leave Nanjing and go to Hunan to participate in the Battle of Hunan and Hubei. In February 1918, at the instigation of Lu Jianzhang, when Feng Yuxiang's troops arrived at Wuxue at the junction of Anhui, Hubei and Jiangxi, they suddenly announced the main peace, and accused Duan Qirui of "declaring no war to the outside world and not declaring the civil war." The warlords of the Anhui faction were very shocked, and it hurt Duan Qirui's heart, and eventually led to the murder of Lu Jianzhang ("Wuxue Zhuhe" is said to be Lu Jianzhang's idea).Although Feng Yuxiang later led his troops to station in Changde, Hunan under the pressure of the Anhui warlords, after Wu Peifu led his army to retreat northward and defeated the Anhui forces in the Zhiwan War, the 16th Mixed Brigade also went north to join Cao Kun, Wu Peifu under the door. Feng Yuxiang himself was born in poverty, has always been hard and simple, and shared weal and woe with the soldiers, so the troops he led were very united and cohesive.Although his troops have been squeezed out repeatedly, they have tempered their tenacious style of work, and their combat effectiveness cannot be underestimated. In 1921, Feng Yuxiang entered Shaanxi as a vanguard to expel Chen Shufan, the governor of Anhui Province, and then took over the post of Governor of Shaanxi because of Yan Xiangwen's suicide.In the first Zhifeng War, Feng Yuxiang defeated the Henan Governor Zhao Ti and became the Henan Governor because of his meritorious service.However, because Wu Peifu's army was stationed in Luoyang, one mountain could not accommodate two tigers, so Feng Yuxiang was quickly pushed out to the post of an army patrol envoy with positions but no authority. This was also the direct cause of the conflict between Feng and Wu. As early as before the Second Zhifeng War, Feng Yuxiang contacted the Feng faction through his subordinates and conspired to jointly fight against Wu.After learning that Feng Yuxiang was extremely depressed and embarrassing in Beijing, Zhang Zuolin decided to join forces with Feng Yuxiang and donated some military equipment and money to Feng's department (one said it was two million yen, and another said it was more than one million yuan from the Fengtian official bank).Later, Feng Yuxiang contacted Sun Yue, Hu Jingyi, Yue Weijun and others who were also non-directed and had the background of the Tongmenghui and the Revolutionary Party, and jointly formed the Feng, Sun, and Hu Alliance, which was also the initial prototype of the later National Army series.At this time, Wang Chengbin, Cao Kun's general and Zhili Military Affairs Superintendent, also had different ambitions because Wu Peifu cut off the military power of the 23rd Division, and secretly cooperated with Feng Yuxiang. This is why Wu Peifu later sent Wang Chengbin to Gubeikou to monitor Feng Yuxiang. The reason why it was used by Feng Yuxiang. Although Feng Yuxiang looks tall and burly, like a military veteran, he is actually bold and careful.After making military preparations, he is also consciously looking for candidates to replace Cao Kun's government politically. This is the former cabinet premier Zhang Shaozeng and Huang Yu, who was the Minister of Foreign Affairs and Education.Zhang Shaozeng was inclined towards revolution in the late Qing Dynasty, and Huang Yu was a valuable revolutionary party member. He was Chen Qimei's ally and also an ally of Chiang Kai-shek who later made a fortune.After the failure of the revolution, some revolutionary parties changed their strategies and beliefs and re-entered the Beiyang government. Zhang Shaozeng and Huang Yu were outstanding representatives among them.The liaison work Feng Yuxiang did before the Second Zhifeng War all laid the groundwork for the subsequent coup. After the Zhifeng War broke out, Feng Yuxiang left a battalion of troops in the city as an internal response under the pretext of training recruits, while the other troops moved out of the city one after another, but their daily travel was only twenty or thirty miles, and their movements were very slow.After Feng Yuxiang's headquarters arrived at Gubeikou, they immediately used an excuse to raise supplies and ordered Lu Zhonglin's troops to practice marching every day, so that the residents along the way would not be surprised, so as not to attract the attention of the outside world when the squadron returned to Beijing. Lu Zhonglin was born as a soldier. When he was in Sichuan, he served as the battalion commander of the 16th Mixed Brigade. He was highly regarded by Feng Yuxiang.Before entering Beijing, he sent two companies into the city each time to pretend to be carrying things, but every time they entered more and left less, so he gathered nearly a regiment of troops in the city one after another, and Sun Yue The defenders of the city also turned a blind eye to this. On October 23, 1924, on the night of the coup, Sun Yue ordered the city gates to be opened, and Lu Zhonglin's troops entered the city in a large scale. Not a single shot was fired.The next morning, the residents of Beijing got up and saw that Feng Yuxiang's National Army's Anmin notices were everywhere in the city, and the traffic arteries on the streets were also full of citizens wearing white armbands that read "swear to save the country, don't disturb the people, and really love the people" army soldier.At this time, the telegrams and telephone calls between Beijing and the outside world had already been cut off by the internal response troops who had practiced many times, the guards of the presidential palace were disarmed, and Cao Kun was also placed under house arrest in the Yanqing Building in Zhongnanhai. The next day, Feng Yuxiang rushed back to Beijing and established the National Army together with Hu Jingyi and Sun Yue. Feng was the commander-in-chief of the first army, and Hu and Sun were the commanders-in-chief of the second and third armies.Later, Feng Yuxiang sent people to force Cao Kun to issue a truce order and remove Wu Peifu from his concurrent positions; in addition, Cao Kun was asked to abdicate automatically. President Cao Kun did a good job, but he was surprised by such an accident overnight, especially when he heard that Sun Yue and Wang Chengbin had turned against each other, he was so angry that he was speechless for a long time.When Xue Dubi, Feng Yuxiang's representative, and Yan Huiqing, the cabinet premier, went to see Cao Kun, Cao Kun's tone was still very tough, and he asked, "Where is Ziyu?" I also agreed, if you want to deal with Ziyu, you must deal with me, Cao first." Later, Sun Yue and others came and advised Cao Kun: "I can guarantee the safety of the public. The truce is for peace. You might as well leave early. As for Wu Peifu, you can give him a name to let him step down." Cao Kun saw that the situation was gone, and then It's useless to fight, so I had to say to Yan Huiqing: "The responsible cabinet, everything can be handled in charge, you can figure it out yourself." After the truce order and the order to dismiss Wu Peifu were issued, Wu Peifu on the front line still couldn't believe it.At this time, the National Army defeated Wu Peifu's original garrison in Yangcun and Langfang one after another, and those direct reinforcements going north were also blocked by Shandong Governor Zheng Shiqi and Shanxi Governor Yan Xishan. So far, Wu Peifu's failure is inevitable. reverse. On November 2, under Wang Chengbin's persuasion, Cao Kun announced his resignation.Cao Kun never thought that Wang Chengbin, who had taken Li Yuanhong's seal and helped him to the stage, would want him to step down today.After Wu Peifu learned of Cao Kun's resignation, he also knew that it was useless to stay in Tianjin. Fortunately, Cao Kun's personal safety was guaranteed, and then he led more than 2,000 disabled people to flee to the south of Hainan the next day. Since Sun Yat-sen's journey to the north was far away, Feng Yuxiang decided to recommend Duan Qirui to clean up the mess after negotiating with Zhang Zuolin.Before Duan Qirui went to Beijing, Feng Yuxiang pushed Huang Yu out to organize a temporary cabinet as a transition.Huang Yu's interim cabinet had a short lifespan, but it seized the time to do a major event, which was to order the expulsion of Qingxun Emperor Puyi from the palace. On November 5th, Lu Zhonglin and Li Shizeng, the representative of the interim cabinet, led the pistol team and came to the Forbidden City in a murderous spirit with the "Amendment to the Preferential Treatment Conditions for House Cleaning" signed by the interim cabinet. Move out of the Forbidden City within hours. Shaoying, Minister of Internal Affairs, saw the catastrophe, and was very anxious for a moment. He went to Li Shizeng first and said, "Aren't you the son of Li Hongzao, a scholar, how can you help the authorities to oppress the house?" Seeing that Li Shizeng ignored him , Shaoying walked up to Lu Zhonglin tremblingly and begged: "Aren't you the heir of Grand Tutor Lu Chuanlin, why are you so hard on the Qing Dynasty?" He took out a bomb from his bosom, put it heavily on the table, and shouted: "If you don't take it out again, I will make Jingshan to fire!" Judging from historical experience, coercion by force is generally successful, and it can also avoid many verbal disputes.As a result, Pu Yi and others were frightened out of their wits, and hurriedly moved out of the Forbidden City.At that time, the National Army prepared five cars for Puyi and others, and Lu Zhonglin personally sent them to Chunwang Mansion (North Mansion) where Puyi's father and former Qing Regent Zaifeng lived. After Puyi got off the car, Lu Zhonglin smiled and shook hands with Emperor Xun, and asked: "Mr. Puyi, do you plan to be an emperor or a commoner?" Puyi said: "I am willing to be an emperor from now on." A civilian." After hearing this, Lu Zhonglin let go of Pu Yi's hand, and said with a smile, "Okay! Then I will protect you!" Hearing this, the soldiers of the National Army around him also applauded. The emperor is now... the emperor is not good either. But having said that, Feng Yuxiang's move to expel Emperor Xun from the Forbidden City is certainly very gratifying, and it is his personal long-term wish (he mentioned it many times in his memoirs, especially during the anti-Zhang Xun restoration period, if there is no Duan Qi If Rui stopped him, he would fight all the way to the Forbidden City).This is not surprising at all, the revolutionary party and the emperor have always been at odds with each other, how can you allow an inexplicable person like you to live in the Forbidden City and enjoy the privileges of a fake emperor? However, the international public opinion at that time was illegally interfering in our country's internal affairs, and the awareness of the domestic people was too low. Feng Yuxiang's move was criticized at the time.In addition to the Southern Revolutionary Party’s great appreciation for this, other countries, such as ministers stationed in China, protested this, believing that Feng Yuxiang had violated the promises made before the Republic of China and ignored international rules; Duan Qirui, Zhang Zuolin and other warlord celebrities also believed the same. It is unnecessary to force the clean room, and there are suspicions of self-destructive promises, lack of integrity, and trampling on the law. In any case, Beijing at this time is completely under the control of Feng Yuxiang, even if someone wants to help Puyi, there is nothing they can do.Puyi was driven away, Feng Yuxiang sealed up the Forbidden City and prepared to open it as a museum, but the Forbidden City is so large and has a large collection of objects that it cannot be completed in a year and a half. , was unclear, and Feng Yuxiang was misunderstood and criticized by the public opinion at that time. Another important hidden danger of expelling Puyi into the Forbidden City is that it provides Japan with a useful tool to split China.After the expulsion incident, the Japanese paid a high degree of sympathy and unusual attention to what happened to Pu Yi.Later, under the conspiracy of the Japanese military department, Puyi fled to the Japanese embassy, ​​and then fled to the Japanese Concession in Tianjin. It's something later. After the Beijing coup, although Feng Yuxiang temporarily controlled the situation, with the collapse of Wu Peifu's forces and the continuous entry of Fengjun, it is not Feng Yuxiang's ability to dominate alone how to clean up the mess. On November 10, 1924, after Zhang Zuolin arrived in Tianjin, he immediately invited Feng Yuxiang to Tianjin to discuss the aftermath.At the meeting held in Caijia Garden, Zhang Zuolin, Feng Yuxiang and others reached an agreement on supporting Duan Qirui as the interim ruling.As a result, Duan Qirui, the Beiyang tycoon who had been lurking for nearly four years after the failure of the Zhiwan War, was pushed out again. After Duan Qirui failed in the Zhiwan War, his family moved to Tianjin and lived a life of seclusion.The strange thing is that Lao Duan suddenly started to eat fast and chant Buddhist scriptures. Every morning, the first thing he did when he woke up was to burn incense and chant Buddhist scriptures in his own Buddhist hall, which never stopped.Moreover, Lao Duan also started to switch to vegetarianism after he became a Buddhist. Except for raising a few hens to lay eggs for supply, he did not touch meat at all. Although Duan Qirui had already eaten fast and recited Buddha's name, he didn't see through the world of mortals that all things are empty.Every time students, former ministries, and friends came to visit him and talked about the raging domestic wars and the displacement of people, Lao Duan always kept a straight face and said nothing.Only when these people said "to clean up the situation, it is not the teacher who makes a comeback", Lao Duan's always cold face will show a somewhat gratified smile. In the later period of the Second Zhifeng War, Wu Peifu was trapped in Tianjin. It is said that Duan Qirui sent him a letter, advising him to come to Japan for a long time, to make another plan, and not to do unnecessary things.In the words of Duan Mansion, it is "the old man saw that Wu Xiaogui fell into the well, so Xiao Zhuang mentioned it and pointed him to the way."In the end, Wu Peifu still fled to the south of the sea, and before leaving, he put a seal on the abandoned food and ammunition, which said "hand over to the supervisor". After receiving invitations from all parties, Lao Duan was not humble. He issued a telegram and said: "I am also a member of the people. If Chinese public opinion insists that I go out of the mountain, I will not refuse the opportunity to serve the public. It is also my duty as a citizen to work together for the stability of the current situation."...Since you Feng and Zhang are pretending to sing the song, let me play a fake show and sing for real! After these four years of lurking and thinking, Duan Qirui had a new view on the current situation. He said: "This war is an extension of the first revolution (that is, the Revolution of 1911). Naturally, all existing systems should be broken, and a Create a new political structure. Now the president, state officials, and congressmen are all dispersed, and the legal procedures under the previous system have been destroyed. When we clean up the situation, we don’t have to worry about everything. We only need to build the republic based on public opinion. Work hard, there is no better way than this.” The old paragraph is quite thought-provoking.In his view, the attempts at a democratic republic since the Revolution of 1911 have completely failed, and the repeated cabinet turmoil, congressional turmoil, and government court disputes show that the structure of "president, cabinet, and congress" in the early years of the Republic of China itself was There are serious problems.Whether it is protecting the country or protecting the law, or proclaiming the emperor or restoring it, they are actually all kinds of rescues for the system disorder after the collapse of the imperial system, but they all fail without exception. After the collapse of the imperial system, there will be no imperial system, but a new system that is truly suitable for China’s national conditions has not been able to be produced in practice. The 1911 Revolutionary Party simply and naively transplanted the Western system, and the final result was warlords and chaos.History has played a bad joke on the Chinese people, which is actually caused by the young revolutionaries lacking the most basic understanding of China's traditional system, historical status quo and specific national conditions.Facts have proved that in a country with more than 2,000 years of imperial autocratic tradition, a brand-new institutional framework has not undergone rigorous theoretical derivation and repeated verification, and has not fully educated and popularized the people and established a basic consensus among the people. After it is introduced and implemented, all kinds of chaos are inevitable, and failure is also 99% of the time. Therefore, Duan Qirui's proposal to "break all existing systems and formulate a new political pattern" is correct in terms of thinking, but how to find a new way out when the situation is chaotic and chaotic , this is a big problem that is even more difficult.Although Duan Qirui said, "There is no need to worry about everything, but to rebuild the republic based on public opinion", but the people at that time were still chaotic and ignorant, politicians always fought for power, and warlords still spoke with guns... Where is the way out? The old has been broken, and the new has not been established. How easy is it to clean up the old land and build a new China? After many consultations with Zhang Zuolin, Feng Yuxiang and others, all parties finally decided to establish an interim government of the Republic of China, with the interim ruling as the head of state and government.This kind of plan is actually a summary of the unsuccessful presidential system and cabinet system in the past thirteen years, because in name, although the temporary ruling has the word "temporary", it has quietly replaced the previous president and prime minister. The functions and powers are combined into one, and there will be no longer the troubles of the previous "fighting between the government and the court". To put it bluntly, the "ruling system" is a presidential system in disguise, but it is more suitable for China's national conditions than the cabinet system.Since the Congress as a public opinion institution has been disbanded, and Duan Qirui has no intention of restoring the previous Congress, because both the first Congress and the Anfu Congress have degenerated into shameful pronouns such as "bribing votes and piggies".Lao Duan did not restore the Congress this time, but no one objected, which shows that the Congress has no value and no sense of trust in the hearts of the Chinese people. In fact, the complete failure of the Western democratic republic system in the early years of the Republic of China should lead to deeper thinking among Chinese people: any institutional framework, if it has not been well-designed and verified, has not achieved the basic consensus of the people, and has not been established on the basis of the traditional Chinese system. Based on a detailed analysis of the specific national conditions, not only failure is inevitable, but if it is not done well, the country will be divided, civil wars will continue, and the families of the people will be destroyed.From the perspective of later history, pure and kind hopes that the introduction of Western democratic systems will make China prosperous and strong. On November 24, 1924, Duan Qirui, who was already gray at the temples, held an inauguration ceremony in Iron Lion Alley (the former site of the Army Department of the Qing Dynasty), and officially took office as the temporary ruling.After taking office, Lao Duan took over the policy of "abolishing supervisors and reducing troops" of his old opponent Li Yuanhong.After years of ups and downs and ups and downs, the two finally came to an agreement on the issue.But it's a pity, why do these strong people always implement "unification by force" when they are strong, instead of thinking of "abolishing supervisors and disarming troops" when they are weak?This is absolutely no accident. But this time, Zhang Zuolin, who is the most powerful, stood up first to express his support. He asked to revoke the name of "General Zhenwei" and the name of Northeast Tour Envoy, which is considered to have given Duan Qirui a big face.Now that Zhang Zuolin made a statement, the governors of other provinces followed suit and removed their names as military governors, and renamed them "supervisors of military affairs aftermath".But what is the difference between the supervision and the military supervision, or the "supervision of military affairs aftermath" could have been referred to as "supervision" or "supervision", which was originally a mixed use of changing the soup without changing the medicine. Duan Qirui then played another card, which was to invite celebrities from all walks of life, military and political dignitaries to come to Beijing to hold a "remedial meeting" to plan the future system structure and development direction of China (it is best to have a constitution or something).But unfortunately, at this juncture, Sun Yat-sen, the southern revolutionary leader who was invited to go north to participate in the meeting, passed away on March 12, 1925, which inevitably cast a shadow over the aftermath meeting. It can be predicted from the history of the early Republic of China that it is difficult for Duan Qirui's aftermath meeting to achieve results.The reason is very simple. Duan held this meeting not to gain the consensus of the people, but to gain the consensus of the upper-level figures. Of course, there are many fewer representatives and the level has risen several steps, but what about the contradictions?What about conflicts of interest?The same amount! For example, the key topic of the meeting was "reform of the military system." Duan Zhizheng wanted to take away the military power of the warriors. How could it be so easy?Let’s talk about “financial reorganization.” If the central government wants to take back financial power, how can the local governments agree?Therefore, the aftermath meeting is just "a lot of thunder, but little rain", and finally nothing happens. In a word, the convening of the aftermath meeting or the National Assembly needs the support of guns, but how can there be a real public opinion conference with the support of guns? This is obviously a paradox.This problem cannot be solved by the previous people, but can be solved by an aftermath meeting?It's not realistic.