Chapter 48 47. Jin Yunpeng's cabinet turmoil and the short-lived Zhiwan War

During the May 4th student movement in 1919, Qian Nengxun's cabinet collapsed. In order to balance the forces of all parties, President Xu Shichang proposed Jin Yunpeng as the prime minister of the cabinet.The reason for this is mainly due to the following considerations: first, Jin Yunpeng is a big disciple of Duan Qirui, and his appointment as prime minister not only pleases Duan Qirui, but also can be passed in the Anfu Congress; secondly, Jin Yunpeng is more reasonable and reasonable. Unlike Xu Shuzheng, who is sharp-edged and difficult to deal with; third, Jin Yunpeng and Zhang Zuolin are relatives of sons and daughters, and it is said that they have exchanged posts with Cao Kun, which can buffer the conflict between the Anhui and Zhili cliques; Lian's change to the cabinet prime minister is actually a military man following the text, secretly weakening the old Duan's power.

This old Xu Ge is old Xu Ge. After decades of struggling in the officialdom, this old fox is almost mature. Sure enough, Jin Yunpeng was accepted by all parties, and thus began preparations for a new cabinet.Jin Yunpeng's hometown is Mencius' hometown Zoucheng, Shandong, and later moved to Jining. He was born in 1877, and his younger brother Jin Yun'e was also a man of the late Beiyang period.Due to the early death of their father, the family mainly relied on their widowed mother Qiu to sell pancakes for their livelihood. Therefore, the brothers and sisters of the Jin family often peddled along the street when they were young, and worked as small shopkeepers.After the First Sino-Japanese War, Yuan Shikai came to Shandong to recruit troops to train the new army. Forced by life, 18-year-old Jin Yunpeng voluntarily joined the army, and happened to be Duan Qirui's soldier at that time.

Since Jin Yunpeng had been in a private school for two years when he was a child, he was fluent in writing and worked hard in training, so he quickly stood out from more than 1,500 clumsy soldiers and attracted the attention of Duan Qirui, the commander of the artillery team.A few years later, Jin Yunpeng was recommended by Duan Qirui to study in the first phase of Suiying Armed Forces School. After graduation, Duan Qirui, who was then the supervisor of the Suiying School, stayed in the school as a teacher, and thus became Duan Qirui's subordinate. The main cadres of the "Four King Kongs" are tied for the first place.

After becoming the prime minister of the cabinet, the relationship between Jin Yunpeng, Duan Qirui and their Anhui faction has undergone very subtle changes.Speaking of this, the judges must not misunderstand, thinking that Jin Yunpeng took the position that the old Duan sat before, so he didn't know his weight, and thought that he could sit on an equal footing with the old Duan, this is not the case at all.In fact, Jin Yunpeng was still respectful in front of Lao Duan, just like the big soldier back then, and Lao Duan did not treat Jin Yunpeng differently because he became prime minister, he still treated Jin Yunpeng like a primary school student as before...

The so-called change is mainly due to the fact that since Jin Yunpeng is the Prime Minister of the Republic of China and the Chief of the Army, he should not only focus on the interests of the Anhui Clan, but also consider the overall situation, and coordinate the efforts of the Anhui Clique, the Zhi Clan, the Feng Clan, and the Southwest Warlords. In terms of the relationship between forces, we must also consider the country's foreign affairs, finances, education and other issues, so we can't stick to factional positions, but we must take care of the interests of all parties frankly and openly.

However, Jin Yunpeng's actions have aroused great dissatisfaction among Anfu politicians. They think that Jin Yunpeng is turning his elbows away. Instead of seeking benefits for the Anhui faction, they are helping other factions to speak. Therefore, these people often slander in front of Lao Duan. Jin Yunpeng, and tried to get him down.Old Duan was a prime minister for three terms. Of course he knew that it was difficult to be a prime minister in the cabinet. He still mainly supported Jin Yunpeng's administration, but there are too many villains in this world, and there are many people who say bad things. Old Duan can't help it. I am dissatisfied and suspicious of Jin Yunpeng.

The "Four King Kongs" under Duan Qirui's sect: Jin Yunpeng, Xu Shuzheng, Qu Tongfeng, and Fu Liangzuo. Then there is no harmony.Xu Shuzheng's style of doing things has always been arbitrary and domineering. Not only people outside the Anhui Department hate him, but there are not many people in the Anhui Department who like him.But the strangest thing is that Lao Duan has a lot of trust in Xiao Xu, and even more reliance on him than Jin Yunpeng. Therefore, the conflict between Jin Yunpeng and Xu Shuzheng is not only a conflict of personal style, but also the worry of competing for favor.The relationship between Jin Yunpeng and Xu Shuzheng is extremely bad. It is said that once Xu Shuzheng came to the ministry to report to Duan Qirui, and Duan Qirui happened to be away, so Xu Shuzheng walked around the offices one by one, and when he arrived at Jin Yunpeng's office, he peeped out the window. After being discovered by Jin Yunpeng, he left without saying a word.Jin Yunpeng was furious. He chased after Xu Shuzheng and yelled at Xu Shuzheng's back: "Xu Shuzheng, your grandma's x, what are you doing sneakily? Who are you going to check? Can you control it? Bitch, all day long!" If you don’t do good deeds and come up with bad ideas, are you a human being? You bastard!” After hearing this, Xu Shuzheng left in a hurry without looking back.

Due to repeated constraints, the Jin Yunpeng cabinet, which was supposed to be established in July, has been delayed. The former Finance Minister Gong Xinzhan was originally acting for January, but the new cabinet was difficult to deliver, so Jin Yunpeng had to temporarily act as the army chief.During this period, Xu Shuzheng showed his skills in Mongolia and solved the Mongolian border issue without a single soldier. In fact, Xu Shuzheng was lucky in this matter, because after the collapse of Tsarist Russia, the new regime of Soviet Russia was busy with domestic wars and had no energy to intervene in Mongolian affairs. Instead, some former Tsarist Russian bandits rushed to the border of Mongolia, trying to use Mongolia as a base Rebelling against the Soviet Union made the Mongolian prince feel threatened, so he took the initiative to ask for the abolition of autonomy and re-naturalization, and Xu Shuzheng, who was the frontier envoy of the Northwest, of course had to seize the opportunity and make an indelible contribution.

In October 1919, after the Mongolian prince announced the abolition of self-government, Xu Shuzheng went to Kulun as a canonized autocrat to recover.After arriving, Chen Yi, the clerk who was originally stationed in Kulun (not the later Marshal Chen Yi), went to greet him respectfully, but was reprimanded by Xiao Xu for having made no achievements for many years and took away all the power. After finishing the affairs in Mongolia, Xu Shuzheng returned to Beijing triumphantly and in a good mood.Duan Qirui has always favored and trusted Xiao Xu, and this time he has made great achievements. Of course he doesn't take it seriously, but it is very harsh to the ears of people from other factions. , requesting cancellation.

Because the Anfu faction continued to overthrow the cabinet, and the Zhifeng Eight Provinces Alliance continued to send telegrams to support the Jin cabinet and attack the Anfu faction, no one dared to come out to form a cabinet at that time.At this time, Jin Yunpeng no longer wanted to be involved in the political vortex between the two factions, so he resolutely refused to stay in office.While the political crisis is intensifying, the soldiers from both sides of the Strait and Anhui are also at war, and the situation of using force to solve it is becoming more and more obvious, especially after Wu Peifu led the army back to the north.

Under such circumstances, Elder Xu Ge had no choice but to call Zhang Zuolin, Cao Kun, and Jiangsu Governor Li Chun to Beijing to mediate in order to resolve the current crisis.Li Chun and Cao Kun didn't want to wade into this muddy water. One claimed that he was not sick, and the other tried to evade it with the excuse that "the direct army returned to the defense and could not be separated." Zhang Zuolin was the only one who felt pretty good. people. Zhang Zuolin is very interesting. He was originally a bandit, but he suddenly emerged in the troubled times of the late Qing Dynasty and the early Republic of China. He can also be a hero in troubled times.Don't look at Zhang Zuolin's thin stature, his northern face and his southern face, always showing a sly smile on his face, but his heart, his ambition...is so big! Zhang Zuolin is good at winning over his subordinates, and he often uses the marriage of his children to develop his own power. Every move has the taste of Yuan Shikai in his bones... Yuan Shikai is a hero of the right way, and Zhang Zuolin is a hero of the wild way. Calculating and good at maneuvering, who made Yuan Shikai Zhang Zuolin's most admired idol? The vast three eastern provinces outside the pass cannot be considered small by any means, but this does not satisfy Zhang Zuolin's ambition. The heart of aspiring to the top and the meaning of meddling in "inside", the fun of which may only be experienced and tasted by Zhang Dashuai. Opportunities come as soon as they come, no, if the President invites you, how can you still miss this opportunity to show your talents? On June 19, 1920, Zhang Zuolin entered Beijing gracefully. At that time, everyone had high hopes for this volunteer peacemaker. Even Xu Shuzheng, who has always been domineering, went to the station to greet him in person. This kind of courtesy is not low.It goes without saying that Zhang Zuolin is happy. You must know that just being the "King of the Northeast" is simply a night walk for him. Only becoming the focus of Beijing and even the whole country is the goal he pursues.This time, he has attracted the attention of all the people and has the heavy responsibility of reconciliation. If everyone sells his face, it will not be so beautiful. After Zhang Zuolin arrived in Beijing, he first went to see the President Xu Shichang to listen to the opinions of the elders; then he went to see Jin Yunpeng to persuade and persuade, but this was all superficial work, and Zhang Zuolin knew very well in his heart that the president and the premier They are all puppets outside the line, but the real behind-the-scenes people are Duan Qirui and Cao Kun. These two are the key figures who decide the situation. Before Zhang Zuolin came to Beijing, he had already prepared a mediation plan, which was to retain Jin Yunpeng and replace the three heads of the Anfu Department. Duan Qirui did not comment on this, and Xu Shichang asked him to seek Cao Kun's opinion.Subsequently, Zhang Zuolin went to Baoding with representatives of the governors of Jiangsu, Jiangxi, Hubei, Henan and other provinces to discuss a solution with Cao Kun.When Cao Kun saw Zhang Zuolin coming with a large group of people, he was naturally a kind and attentive entertainer, and Zhang Zuolin was also full of joy and pride.After all, Zhang and Cao are in-laws! However, chatting and laughing at the wine table always belonged to the category and level of eating, drinking and drinking. Once a meeting started, the atmosphere would be different.The relationship between Cao Kun and Zhang Zuolin is not normal, so naturally it is not easy to save Lao Zhang's face, but Wu Peifu's righteous and generous statement at the meeting is nothing more than to explain one problem, that is: Cao Kun sang a bad face, Wu Peifu Singing is red face! To be honest, Lao Zhang couldn't understand Duan Qirui's Xu Shuzheng, but Cao's family's Wu Peifu was also a thorn, especially Wu Xiucai's speech at the meeting, which made him hear harshly.Zhang Zuolin thought, you, Wu Peifu, are just a little teacher, you can always be old, so who are you?When we came out to hang out with old Duan and Lao Cao, you kid didn't know where you were?What "as a soldier, it is a duty to feed the country and protect the country is an unavoidable duty", it sounds nice, no wonder people say that Wu Xiucai has a mouth!What are you talking about about "subordinate soldiers, well-trained", who are you trying to scare! However, since Cao's family refused to make a statement, Zhang Zuolin had no choice but to let Wu Peifu and the others come first.After the meeting, the immediate party put forward five conditions 1.Disband the Anfu department; 2.Jin Yunpeng's reinstatement; 3.Replacing Wang Yitang, the general representative of the Northern Conference; 4.4. Dismiss the three heads of the Anfu Department; 5.The border guards were abolished, reorganized and placed under the direct jurisdiction of the Ministry of Army, and Xu Shuzheng was dismissed. Speaking of this, Zhang Zuolin's heart was half cold, knowing that he came here for nothing this time.Not to mention that the first four items are already full of difficulties, but the fifth item alone is completely impossible... Any fool knows that any warlord will automatically lay down his weapons. There is no need to discuss such conditions! After Zhang Zuolin returned to Beijing, he handed over the terms of Baoding to Duan Qirui. Duan Qirui immediately jumped up when he saw the fifth article: "Wu Peifu is no more than a division commander, but he openly threatened to dismiss the border guards. Once the wind blows, , Where is the prestige of the central government! If you want to bully others like this, even if you fight against me, will I still be afraid of him?" Seeing that Duan Qirui was really angry, Zhang Zuolin had no choice but to persuade him, "I tried hard to persuade them, but I didn't see them backing down. Don't be angry, Prime Minister Duan. You don't need to be mad at yourself for being a young kid." After hearing this, Duan Qirui said bitterly: "Xu Shuzheng took back Outer Mongolia without firing a single shot. What did he do to the country, but now he insists on giving up his official position? It depends on the owner when beating a dog. If they want to make things difficult for me, if they must remove Xu Shuzheng, well, Wu Peifu must also be removed at the same time!" While Zhang Zuolin was still staying in Beijing to make his last effort, Cao Kun and Wu Peifu published the "Report to the Generals of the Straight Army to the Generals of the Frontier Defense Army" on July 1, pointing the finger at Xu Shuzheng and the Anfu faction.Two days later, Cao Kun, Li Chun and others jointly sent a telegram to denounce Xu Shuzheng, and announced the six major crimes of "disaster for the country and the people, betrayal of the country and flattery to foreigners, holding power, undermining unity, killing superiors by subordinates, and deceiving the master with slaves". If you step down, you will never give up. Facing the direct telegram attack, the Anhui Department did not sit still. They also sent out telegrams repeatedly, accusing Cao Kun and Wu Peifu of "supporting their own self-respect and interfering in state affairs."All in all, it is "the public says that the public is right, and the mother-in-law says that the woman is right." What kind of problem can this telegram fight between you and me solve? On July 4th, Xu Shichang proposed a solution under the pressure of his immediate family, that is, to send Xu Shuzheng to the Northwest Frontier Envoy post, and to be awarded General Weiyuan, and the Northwest Frontier Defense Force was also taken over by the Ministry of the Army.As soon as this order came out, the Zhili was happy, but the Anhui was in an uproar. Xu Shuzheng, who was appointed a general by the sky, went to Lao Duan and cried, but did Lao Duan not know the truth that "beating a dog is beating the master", he then went In the name of the Border Defense Supervision Office, order the border guards to mobilize urgently, pay the troops enough military pay and ammunition, and prepare for the battle. In the situation where the straight and the Anhui sides were at war, Zhang Zuolin could do nothing but announce that the mediation had failed, and left the customs in desperation.At this point, if there is anything else to say, let's fight! On July 8, 1920, Duan Qirui held a military joint meeting. At the meeting, Duan Qirui said angrily: "The country attaches great importance to discipline. Making waves in Baoding. Cao Kun, the military governor, not only did not restrain his subordinates, but instead used military force to coerce the central government, blackmail the president, put forward all kinds of claims of breaking the law, and demanded that Xu Shuzheng be dismissed from his post, it is simply unreasonable!" Speaking of this, Duan Qirui saw that everyone below nodded in agreement, so he went on to say with satisfaction: "Xu Shuzheng's announcement of comfort to Outer Mongolia this time took back Wanli Jiangyu without using a penny from the central government. Cao, Wu, etc. People want to dismiss Xu Shuzheng instead, this is because there is no distinction between rewards and punishments, right and wrong are not clear, if things go on like this, discipline will be lost!" When the people below heard this, some shouted: "Prime Minister, they are riding on our heads to shit! We can't bear it anymore!" Some said: "Which one can bear? It seems that there is no way to solve it without force!" More warriors yelled: "Prime Minister, you just give an order! Let's beat the mother!" Seeing that all his subordinates were agitated, Lao Duan slapped the table: "I declare that in order to maintain the discipline of the country and the prestige of the head of state, we have to raise troops to fight against rebellion! Now we will enter a military state. If anyone does not obey the order, Military law!" Later, Duan Qirui sent Xu Shuzheng to lead the guards to the presidential palace, demanding that Xu Shichang immediately issue an order to dismiss Cao Kun, Wu Peifu and others.Xu Shichang was worried that the situation was irreversible, and he refused to send it at first. Xu Shuzheng said coldly: "The Dingguo Army is now ready, and it will be sent out as soon as it is ready. If you send it, you will send it. If you don't send it, you will send it!" In desperation, Xu Shichang had no choice but to issue an order to dismiss Wu Peifu from all positions, while Cao Kun was dismissed and retained. Baoding was not idle either. After Cao Kun received the dismissal order, he dismissed it, and then held a meeting to announce the crusade against Duan and Xu, and called his army the Rebellion Army. Cao Kun himself was the commander-in-chief, and Wu Peifu As the former commander-in-chief of the enemy, both sides dispatched troops one after another, and the conflict was imminent. From the point of view of military strength, the direct and Anhui sides have equal forces. The Anhui Army has a combined strength of more than 50,000 troops, and the direct line force is also more than 50,000. Judging from the deployment of the two sides, the front is mainly divided between Beijing, Baoding, and Tianjin. The arc is the main battlefield. What shocked Duan Qirui was that on the eve of the outbreak of the Zhiwan War, Zhang Zuolin outside the customs suddenly announced a crusade against Xu Shuzheng. On the immediate side.The reason why Zhang Zuolin joined the war is said to be because Xu Shuzheng bought the bandits on the Manchurian-Mongolian border with a lot of money before the war, and asked them to go outside the customs to harass the Fengjun, so as to prevent Fengjun from standing on the side of the direct line. However, although Xiao Xu is very smart, he made the right move, but the problem is that the bandits are bandits after all, and these profit-seeking guys have no fighting power. Prisoners, those who were captured didn't talk about loyalty in the world, so they confessed to Xu Shuzheng in one fell swoop. Zhang Zuolin originally hated Xiao Xu deeply, but this time he became even more furious when he learned the truth. He thought to himself: Xiao Xu, Xiao Xu, others say that you are too smart for all your tricks. I think you are smart but you are mistaken !It's a good thing now, it's actually on Lao Tzu's head!Alright, let's settle the old and new accounts together today, if I don't punish you to death, I won't be the king of the Northeast! Duan Qirui didn't know about Xiao Xu's secret troubles. He originally thought that even if Zhang Zuolin didn't stand on his side, he should at least remain neutral and sit back and watch success or failure. Who would have thought that this old man with a beard would have the same nostrils as Cao Kun and Wu Peifu? , this time, Lao Duan's nose was crooked again. However, at this time, the Zhiwan War was already imminent, and it had to be launched, and there was no way out. On the evening of July 14, the war officially started.But on the third day after the start of the war, the Anhui Army suffered a major defeat. First, the West Road Straight Army lured the enemy to go deep. The first division attacked the straight army with powerful artillery fire.However, due to the weather, it unfortunately landed on the position of Liu Xun's 15th Division, which aroused great anger from the friendly forces and they broke up and even fought back.Liu Xun's 15th Division was originally Feng Guozhang's troops, and they were not on the same mind with the Anhui faction, so they simply surrendered to the Zhijun.After losing the support of his friendly forces, Qu Tongfeng could only order the First Division of the Frontier Defense Army to retreat to Zhuozhou. What Duan Qirui didn't expect was that the Chen Wenyun Department of the Third Division of the Frontier Defense Army in the middle road was completely defeated by the direct army Xiao Yaonan and Peng Shoushen's Department.In this fierce battle, the division commander Chen Wenyun was seriously injured while commanding, and was finally carried away by the guards. On the 17th, Wu Peifu dispatched a direct army as a false soldier, and led his troops to detour to the flanks to attack the First Division of the Frontier Defense Army.Under the fierce attack of Wu Peifu's third division, the first division of the border defense army suffered heavy casualties. Fan Shangpin, the commander of the first brigade, died in battle, and Cheng Fa, the commander of the second brigade, was defeated and fled. According to legend, there is such a joke that Wu Peifu defeated Qu Tongfeng. It said that when Qu Tongfeng was teaching in the Wubei Academy, he was originally Wu Peifu's teacher. ), took good care of Wu Ye, and praised Wu Peifu as a general in the future.But the battlefield is a battlefield after all, and now the master and apprentice meet each other in battle, there is no sympathy for it.When Qu Tongfeng was defeated, it was this little fellow who personally captured him. At that time, Wu Peifu led his troops on horseback and rushed straight to the headquarters of the border defense army. Qu Tongfeng was stunned when he saw Wu Peifu had appeared in front of him , and saluted the former teacher, and reported: "Teacher, you have been captured!" After the news of the defeat in the middle road and the capture of Qu Tongfeng and other headquarters personnel in the west road spread to Tianjin, Xu Shuzheng also panicked. He hurried back to Beijing. Destroyed, or surrendered, or disintegrated, no longer an army.As for Duan Zhigui, the former enemy commander-in-chief commanding from the rear of Zhongxi Road, this Beiyang veteran was very rampant before the war. He set up his headquarters on a train and claimed that it would take only a few days to completely defeat the Zhifeng and Feng armies. Return by train. It is said that Duan Zhigui's train not only has military supplies, but also 14 pipes, 7 sets of mahjong tiles, and 24 professional chefs.After the battle between the Zhi and Anhui armies began, Commander Duan still sat on the mahjong table and refused to get down. When his entourage reported the battle situation to him, he played mahjong while reading the battle report, and was intoxicated by his calm and calm general demeanor. .Later, when he heard that Wu Peifu's army had crossed the Liuli River and rushed towards Changxindian, he panicked and ordered the train to start immediately and retreat to Beijing... Fortunately, Commander Duan had the foresight to head north. of. After Duan Zhigui fled back to Beijing, when everyone gathered around him to ask about the situation on the front line, he finally regained his strength, touched his head and said repeatedly: "It's dangerous! It's dangerous!" On the other side, Wu Peifu heard that Duan Zhigui was still playing mahjong during the battle, so he couldn't help laughing and said, "Old Duan uses someone like Xiao Duan as the commander of the former enemy, how can he be undefeated?!" On the evening of July 18th, Duan Qirui sat blankly at the dining table, as if he had aged ten years in a few days, and his temple hair looked thinner and grayer.He couldn't figure out how the border guards and the Northwest Army he had personally built could fail so quickly and so thoroughly. The battle between Zhiwan and Anhui was full of turmoil and turmoil. The conflict had been brewing for nearly two years. The two sides accused each other of intimidation and fought a telegraph war for several months. Finish). 3 days, just 3 days.The old Duan's famous name has been paid off in this way. At this time, the eldest disciple Jin Yunpeng came to the Duan Mansion and advised the teacher to admit defeat and declare a truce.Under Jin Yunpeng's suggestion, Duan Qirui had no choice but to send Fu Liangzuo to Tianjin to seek peace, but Fu Liangzuo was detained as soon as he got off the train, and his followers were told: only surrender, not peace! At this point, Lao Duan had no choice but to go to the presidential palace, accompanied by Jin Yunpeng and others, to ask President Xu Shichang to issue a truce order, lest the direct army continue to attack Beijing, which would be even more out of control.Xu Shichang didn't want the war to continue either, so he issued a truce order on the spot without saying a word.After the old Duan left, Xu Shichang sneered and said: "Old Duan, old Duan, if I knew today, why bother?" On July 19, Duan Qirui announced his resignation, resigned from the post of border defense supervisor, and requested that the honors and medals over the years be revoked.It is said that after the failure, Duan Qirui once wanted to commit suicide with a gun. Fortunately, his elder brother and veteran Jiang Guiti for many years stopped him, so no tragedy happened. As usual, if I fail once, I will commit suicide, so I have died many times?"...Jiang is still old and hot, and Jiang Guiti is worthy of being a veteran who participated in the Sino-Japanese War. Before the Zhijun and Fengjun marched into Beijing, in order to avoid the pursuit of the Zhili, 9 Anfu politicians and Anhui faction backbones such as Xu Shuzheng, Zeng Yujun, Duan Zhigui, Zhu Shen, Ding Shiyuan, Yao Zhen, and Liang Hongzhi fled to the Japanese embassy to seek asylum , Li Sihao fled to the Sino-Russian Daosheng Bank for refuge.Some people advised Lao Duan to hurry up and go to the embassy area to avoid the limelight like Zhang Xun did, but he firmly refused. Although Lao Duan suffered a terrific defeat, his breath is still there.Not only does he not go to the embassy area, he doesn't even leave Beijing, he just stays at home all day... Hmph, what can you Lao Cao and Xiao Wu do to me? Lao Duan's composure was emboldened, and no one could do anything to him at that time.Not to mention that Cao Kun was the same robe of the old Duan for many years, even Wu Peifu was his student in name (the same is true of Chiang Kai-shek who came later), plus these old relationships such as Xu Shichang, Zhang Zuolin, Jiang Guiti, Zhang Huaizhi, etc., There are also big disciple Jin Yunpeng and others working hard to mediate for it. It is not an easy task to break ground on Lao Duan. After all, Lao Duan still contributed to the Republic of China!Don't embarrass him too much, or everyone will look bad. This time, although the Anhui Department suffered a complete failure, Duan Qirui was unscathed. He still played cards and chess with the guests at home. After the wind calmed down, Duan Qirui went to Tianjin and started He lived in seclusion (and Li Yuanhong could feel pity in the same city), until he was promoted to interim ruling again 4 years later.This is something for later, let's put it aside for now. Speaking of this, some people may ask, the frontier defense army and the Northwest Army are both very good. The frontier defense army is all Japanese ordnance and Japanese-style training, and the Northwest Army is also advanced ordnance imported from foreign countries. The military pay is also the most generous, and the cadres in the military are all graduates of military schools, and the quality of personnel should be said to be relatively high. How could they be defeated? If the public opinion is not popular, we will not talk about it. The success or failure of any event often depends on the details.The border guards and the Northwest Army are indeed not bad in all aspects, but they lack history and actual combat.Any excellent army must have a glorious tradition... Failure is also a valuable experience. The most terrifying thing is that it has never failed, that is, it has no history. A new army is often unstoppable when its own side gains an advantage, but once it is frustrated, its morale is easily shaken or even collapsed immediately. This is actually the result of lack of actual combat.Furthermore, although the artillery fire of the participating army and the Northwest Army was fierce, it seemed that the artillery techniques at that time were not used properly, because the power of artillery was mainly in long-distance combat, and it was more effective to bombard dense crowds, while most of Wu Peifu's troops were in the skirmish line Attack, and the assault distance is very short, so not only did the artillery not play its due role, but its own safety became a problem. Besides, the Frontier Army and the Northwest Army were facing Wu Peifu's Beiyang Third Division. This is an old army with a history of more than 20 years. Hundreds of battles, the war experience accumulated by military cadres is an extremely precious wealth. Therefore, the frontier defense army and the Northwest Army, whose main cadres are composed of student teams, will definitely suffer a big loss if they fight against a mature army like the Third Division.Besides, Wu Peifu is indeed a rare general. Although Qu Tongfeng is a teacher, but "the blue comes from the blue and is worse than the blue", students don't have to be inferior to the teacher! In any case, the war ended quickly, which was a blessing to the common people.In the war between warlords at this time, the warriors still talk about martial arts, and if they fail, they fail, and they don't struggle... Dare to admit defeat is also a kind of courage and high efficiency.As for the subsequent civil war, the warriors refused to admit defeat, and insisted on stalking them, which would be even more rogue and unbearable. The Zhiwan War was the first war within the Beiyang Clan. Duan Qirui's famous name was destroyed, and the Anhui Clan as a political force also disappeared.However, if Yuan Shikai was overthrown, there would be the Civil War; if Lao Duan was overthrown, the attacks among warlords would not decrease, but would become more frequent. The so-called "There are no tigers in the mountains, monkeys are called kings", in this warlord period, the generally accepted rule is just four words: Power is king!