Chapter 7 6. All regions have become independent one after another, and the Qing court is gone

Wuhan has been the thoroughfare of five provinces since ancient times. After the news of the uprising spread, the Qing government was extremely shocked and panicked. While sending Army Minister Yin Chang to lead the Beiyang Army to the south to suppress it, it also dispatched Sa Zhenbing to lead naval ships and Yangtze River Navy to help. Suppress. The Beiyang Army was very powerful, but Yin Chang could not command them. These people were all trained by Yuan Shikai. If Yuan Shikai asked them to leave, they would leave; if he asked them to stop, they would immediately stop.After the uprising in Wuchang, the situation in various places is getting worse day by day. The regent Zaifeng has become an ant on the hot pot, but he has nowhere to start.

Just as the revolutionary army in Hubei occupied Wuhan, the new army in Hunan also responded with an uprising on October 22.Under the planning of the revolutionary Jiao Dafeng and others, the Hunan New Army had already occupied the governor's office without encountering even a decent resistance.It is said that before these revolutionary soldiers reached the Governor’s Yamen, they saw a large flagpole erected in the courtyard from a distance, and a large white flag was floating on the flagpole. The word "big man"! It turned out that Governor Yu Chengge had already fled, so he set up a flag to show his sincerity.As a result, apart from firing three signal guns, the revolution in Hunan regained Changsha without bloodshed.

On the same day as the Hunan Uprising, the Revolutionary Party in Xi'an, Shaanxi also announced an uprising.Xi'an General Wen Rui and Nursing Governor Qian Nengxun knew that the new army was unreliable. Just as they were planning to transfer them out of Xi'an to disperse their forces, the news suddenly leaked out. The Revolutionary Party went ahead and forced Wen Rui to commit suicide , Qian Nengxun shot himself.The commanders who launched the attack were Zhang Fenghui and Zhang Yiqian, who were both graduates of the Japanese Non-commissioned Officer Academy and members of the alliance. As a result, the revolution naturally succeeded.

The day after the Shaanxi Revolutionary Party's uprising, the new army in Jiujiang, Jiangxi Province also declared independence. After Pu Liang, the prefect of Jiujiang, was driven out, Ma Yubao, the standard commander, was publicly elected as the governor.Only a week after Jiujiang's independence, the revolutionaries rushed into Nanchang and occupied the governor's office. The former governor Feng Rukui was ashamed and angry, and committed suicide by swallowing gold on the way to send him away. He became the first Han bureaucrat who died for the Qing Dynasty. On the second day after the independence of Jiujiang, the revolutionaries killed the new general of Guangzhou, Fengshan. Zhang Mingqi, the governor of Guangdong and Guangxi, knew that the situation was over, so he had to accept the request of the local gentry for "peaceful independence" on November 9, and then fled to the concession to save his life. important.Subsequently, the revolutionary Hu Hanmin came from Hong Kong and became the governor of Guangdong.After Hu Hanmin became the governor, revolutionaries swarmed here. Zhu Zhixin, Liao Zhongkai, Chen Jiongming and others all gathered in Guangzhou, and the revolutionary situation was very good.

After the revolution in Shaanxi, the Shanxi Revolutionary Party in neighboring provinces was also eager to try. On October 29, the Shanxi New Army launched an attack. Revolutionary soldiers quickly captured the governor's Yamen, and killed the governor Lu Zhongqi and the coordinator Tan Zhende on the spot, and Taiyuan declared its recovery.Subsequently, representatives from all walks of life in Shanxi held a meeting in the Advisory Bureau and publicly recommended Yan Xishan as the governor of Shanxi. The next to announce the revolution was Yunnan. On October 30, Cai E, the leader of the New Military Association who tended to revolution, and Tang Jiyao, a member of the revolutionary party, launched an uprising after many conspiracies, and then fought fiercely with the Qing soldiers who were Governor Li Jingxi and Zhong Lintong, who was in charge of the 19 towns. He was killed at the same time, Li Jingxi was captured, and Kunming was restored.

The most ridiculous thing is Zeng Yun, the governor of Zhejiang Province. Seeing that the provinces are becoming independent, he can't help but feel very worried. He has to convene a meeting with officials and gentry every day, but those gentlemen ask for "independence" every day. Zeng Yun is even more scalped when he hears it. Numb.Zhejiang was originally a place where the revolutionary party had frequent activities. How could they remain indifferent when they saw the success of the Wuchang Uprising?At that time, Chen Qimei and others planned to raise incidents in Hangzhou and Shanghai at the same time to make the scene bigger.

Unexpectedly, before Chen Qimei and others were ready, the Shanghai Revolutionary Party took the lead in attacking.After getting the news, the Zhejiang Revolutionary Party was naturally unwilling to be left behind, and organized a death squad to throw bombs at the Governor's Yamen the next day.As soon as the bomb rang, the revolutionaries rushed into the gate of the office one after another. The governor's guards were all stunned and did not dare to resist. Governor Zeng Yun was so anxious that he had to hide in the stables. Unfortunately, the revolutionaries were quick-sighted and caught him on the spot. .Fortunately, Zengyun did no evil, and was finally sent out of the country by a gift.Subsequently, a military government was established in Zhejiang, and Tang Shouqian, the leader of the constitutional faction, was promoted as the governor.

Originally, Chen Qimei organized the uprisings in Hangzhou and Shanghai. Unexpectedly, on November 3, Zhabei patrolmen took the lead in attacking the uprising, and then armed merchant groups rebelled in Nanshi.Subsequently, Chen Qimei led the revolutionary party to attack the last bastion of Jiangnan Manufacturing Bureau, took it down and announced the recovery of Shanghai on November 4, and Chen Qimei became the governor of Shanghai. On the same day as the Shanghai Uprising, the Guizhou Revolutionary Party also led troops to attack Guiyang City.As early as a few days ago, members of the Advisory Council had advised Governor Shen Yuqing to go anyway, but Governor Shen refused to agree. On November 3, when the revolutionary army entered the city, Governor Shen saw that the situation was over, so he handed over his power and resigned sadly.Later, Tang Jiyao of Yunnan led the Yunnan army to enter and became the governor of Guizhou.

Less than a month after the first Uprising in Wuchang, all provinces responded one after another. Those governors who had not yet recovered were also indecisive and restless. In the end, the governors of two provinces were cruel and declared independence. Province.Shen Bingkun, the governor of Guangxi, was squeezed away by the deputy governor and revolutionary Lu Rongting soon after anyway.Zhu Jiabao, governor of Anhui Province, declared independence in Hefei, Wuhu and other places, and also declared independence in Anqing, the provincial capital, and appointed himself the governor.Unexpectedly, this move was strongly opposed by the revolutionaries. They did not allow governor Zhu to make a revolution on his own, so they declared independence on November 11, and made Wang Tianpei the governor.Later, Zhu Jiabao instigated the patrol battalion to make trouble and regained the military and political power.The revolutionaries were furious and asked for help from the Jiujiang military government, so Li Liejun sent troops into Anqing to clean up the mess, and finally the revolutionaries Sun Yuyun became the governor of Anhui.

Cheng Dequan, governor of Jiangsu, is full of comedy anyway. On the evening of November 4th, the revolutionary party, which succeeded in the uprising, sent a detachment of 50 people to Suzhou to instigate rebellion against the new army. The next day, the new army and the revolutionary party entered Suzhou and occupied major yamen, demanding Cheng Dequan to declare independence.Cheng Dequan, who has always been cautious, was quite calm, saying: "At this time of helplessness, I do not agree with this move at the beginning", and he followed the revolution.In order to show the sincerity of the revolution, Cheng Dequan ordered someone to use a big bamboo pole to remove a few pieces of cornices from the lobby of the governor's yamen to show a clear line with the Qing court.In the sound of the big tiles "clanging" to the ground, Jiangsu also announced that it had joined the revolutionary camp—Cheng Dequan was the governor of Jiangsu in the Qing Dynasty yesterday, and he became the governor of Jiangsu in the revolutionary camp in the blink of an eye.

It is not without resistance when dragon flags fall frequently, such as in Fujian.Peng Shousong, a member of the Fujian Revolutionary Party, returned from Japan. After winning the support of Xu Chongzhi, the leader of the Fujian New Army Association and others, he decided to launch an uprising on November 12. On November 8, members of the Fujian Consultative Bureau urged the governor of Fujian and Zhejiang, Songshou, to hand over power, but Songshou was not enlightened and insisted on resisting to the end.Stimulated by this, the Revolutionary Party launched an uprising that night, and Matsushou also organized flag soldiers to resist desperately, and the two sides fought fiercely all night.In the end, the revolutionary party and the new army defeated the flag soldiers. Seeing that the situation was over, Song Shou committed suicide by swallowing gold, and General Fuzhou was killed.As a result, Fujian also fell into the hands of the revolutionaries. Sichuan, which triggered many revolutions, became independent later than other provinces. On November 22, Chongqing first declared its independence, and then other prefectures, prefectures, and counties became independent one after another. Only the remaining provincial capital, Chengdu, was surrounded by the revolutionary army and could not be broken for a long time. On November 26, Duan Fang, the newly appointed governor of Sichuan, was killed by soldiers of the Hubei New Army led by him on his way to Sichuan, and the situation in Sichuan became even more chaotic.To put it bluntly, although Duan Fang was a Manchu, he himself was an enlightened and capable official, and he did no evil.The governor of Sichuan, Zhao Erfeng, announced the day after Duanfang was killed, but he himself was caught by the revolutionary army and executed before he could escape. As a result, all southern provinces had declared their independence before December of 1911, and even more than a dozen naval warships on the Yangtze River voted for the Revolutionary Army under the planning of the Revolutionary Party.Interestingly, in the southern revolutionary provinces, the flags flying are quite different: Hubei, Hunan, and Jiangxi fly the eighteen-star flag; Guangdong, Guangxi, Yunnan, and Fujian fly the blue sky and white sun flag; Jiangsu, Zhejiang, Anhui, etc. The ground used the five-color flag of the Restoration Society; when Chen Jiongming raised righteousness in Huizhou, he actually held the ancient "well" flag in his hand; as for those provinces anyway, it is not so complicated, they just hang out a white cloth as a downwind flag ——At most, write "Dahan" or "Xinghan" on the flag. The situation in the north is also not optimistic.Shandong Governor Sun Baoqi, the son and daughter of Prince Qing Yikuang, actually declared independence amidst the storm, which really chilled the Qing court.Fortunately, Governor Sun found out later that with the support of Yuan Shikai, he announced the cancellation of independence—it was really a farce.Even the three eastern provinces were not at peace. Jilin and Heilongjiang also set up security committees, Fengtian also joined the revolutionary army, and the revolutionary Lan Tianwei even called himself the governor. What comforted the Qing court a little was that Zhang Renjun, Governor of Liangjiang, General Tie Liang, and Braided Commander Zhang Xun were loyal to the court.However, the Jiangsu-Zhejiang coalition forces that attacked Nanjing were not indomitable. Xu Shaozhen, commander-in-chief of the Ning army, Lin Shuqing, commander-in-chief of the town army, Zhu Rui, commander-in-chief of the Zhejiang army, Liu Zhijie, commander-in-chief of the Soviet army, etc., the revolutionary army gathered more than 30,000 troops to attack Nanjing. onslaught.Admiral Zhang Xun was also somewhat capable. He supervised the 18th battalion of the braided army that was like a wolf and a tiger to confront the revolutionary army. At the beginning, he did not suffer any losses, but in the end the revolutionary army was really tight, so Zhang Xun had to take him with him. Many people fled from the city, so Nanjing also fell into the hands of the Revolutionary Party. As a result, eight out of ten provinces in the country have gone, and the Qing court has only a few northern provinces that have not yet declared independence, and the general situation is over.