Chapter 44 Four four, two sleeves breeze in the right

Yu Youren, the patriarch of the Republic of China, was born in the fifth year of Guangxu (1879). He had abnormal appearance since he was a child.The most peculiar thing is that Yu Youren's toes are as flat as an eminent monk's practice (the so-called "round head and square toe"), and his life is also full of legends. Yu Youren lost his mother at the age of three, and was raised by his aunt on his behalf. When he was a child, he worked as a sheep herder for a period of time.When he was seven years old, his flock of sheep was attacked by wild wolves, and Yu Youren survived because he walked away for a while.After the incident, his uncle was worried about his nephew's safety and sent him to study in a private school. What he didn't expect was that Yu Youren was naturally intelligent, studious and motivated, and he became a good seedling in the scientific examination room.In a province-wide annual examination, Yu Youren, who was only 20 years old, won the first place and was personally summoned by Shaanxi scholar Ye Erkai, who also praised him as a "Northwest Wizard". In 1903, Yu Youren won the National Examination, but just as he was proud of his spring breeze and was preparing to take the national examination, a collection of his poems brought him a lot of trouble, which almost caused his death.

It turned out that Yu Youren once went to Xingping County to teach apprentices at the invitation of the magistrate of Xingping County. In his spare time, he visited various places of interest and learned about the current situation of the people. From this, he wrote some poems reflecting social injustice and even "reactionary" , With the support of friends, these poems were published under the title of "Half Crying, Half Laughing Building Poetry Grass".In the collection of poems, Yu Youren called himself "the landlord who is half crying and half laughing", and published a photo of his hair holding a knife on the title page. ".After the publication of the collection of poems, it has been widely circulated. Among them, "Ode to the Tomb of Concubine Yang", there is such a sentence in it: "Women's power abuses the precepts for the ages, and fragrance powder should not mislead people anymore." Empress Dowager Cixi.

De Rui, the magistrate of Sanyuan County, was shocked when he saw the collection of poems, and then secretly reported to Shaanxi Governor Shengyun, who ordered the arrest on the charge of "changing the revolution, treason and injustice". to Shanghai.Afterwards, the Qing court ordered Yu Youren's reputation to be removed, and Yu Youren finally embarked on the road of revolution. After arriving in Shanghai, under the alias of "Liu Xueyu", Yu Youren entered the Aurora College presided over by Ma Xiangbo, and later followed Ma Xiangbo to establish Fudan Public School and served as the principal secretary and taught Chinese. After 1905, Yu Youren emerged in the press. The name "Youren" was often used when submitting articles to "Xinmin Congbao", but his real name was unknown later. In 1906, Yu Youren went to Japan to investigate for the preparation of "Shenzhou Daily". Under the introduction of his fellow countryman Kang Baozhong, Yu Youren met Sun Yat-sen and joined the Tongmenghui.After returning to China, Yu Youren boldly abolished the reign title of the Qing emperor in the newly founded "Shenzhou Daily" and used the Ganzhi to record the year. Due to his violent remarks, the sales of the newspaper surged several times, and the momentum went straight to the "Shenbao", which had been established for many years.Unfortunately, due to internal disagreements, Yu Youren later withdrew from Shenzhou Daily and founded Minhu Daily in 1909.

"Minhu Daily" is a newspaper advocating revolution, and its purpose is to "speak out and plead for the people", which also aroused the hatred of the Qing court.Soon, the concession authorities forced the newspaper to suspend publication under the pressure of the Qing court.At that time, someone in the government said that if Yu Youren dared to commit another crime, his eyes would be cut out.Two months later, Yu Youren re-founded "Minyu Daily". Eyes, I think I should dig them myself!" The "Minxu Daily" did not last long, but the suspension of publication this time came from the pressure of Japan.It turned out that after the assassination of the former Japanese Prime Minister and Director-General Ito Hirobumi by North Korean patriot Ahn Jung-geun, the "Minyu Daily" reported vigorously and denounced Ito Hirobumi as a "bandit and hooligan leader" in an editorial, which aroused the Japanese Consulate in Shanghai. "Outcry".This time, not only the publication of "Minyu Daily" was suspended, but Yu Youren himself was driven out of the concession by the concession authorities. In September 1911, Yu Youren founded the "Minli Daily" again, and he worked hard to write in the midst of the mountain rain, which became popular all over the place for a while.After the Wuchang Uprising, this newspaper became the main place for the revolutionaries to speak, and its influence greatly exceeded that of the previous newspapers.

After the establishment of the Nanjing Provisional Government, Yu Youren served as the deputy minister of the Ministry of Communications. However, after Yuan Shikai came to power, Yu Youren never found an official position. After the failure of the "Second Revolution" in 1913, "Minli Daily" ceased publication, and Yu Youren went into exile overseas, and his journalism career came to an end temporarily.After Yuan Shikai's death, Yu Youren returned to Shaanxi to organize the Yasukuni Army to respond to the "war to protect the law", and persisted for many years, which was extremely difficult.After Sun Yat-sen put forward the "union with Russia" policy, Yu Youren visited and studied in Soviet Russia.In the Wuyuan Pledge in 1926, Yu Youren presented the flag to Feng Yuxiang's National Revolutionary Army on behalf of the Kuomintang and served as the deputy commander-in-chief.After the victory of the Northern Expedition, Yu Youren successively served as a member of the National Government and the president of the Audit Institute. On February 2, 1931, Yu Youren became the director of the Supervisory Yuan of the Nanjing National Government. This position was the most important official position in the second half of his life until his death.

According to the design of Sun Yat-sen's "Constitution of Five Powers", the executive, legislative, judicial, examination, and supervisory courts are at the same level, and the supervisory court is mainly responsible for supervision, impeachment, and correction. However, under Chiang Kai-shek's strong rule, Yu Youren's Overwatch Council didn't even have a decent office space, so it was not easy to fight real tigers.At that time, a certain newspaper published such a cartoon: "Yu Gong holds a fly swatter and slaps a fly", which is of course intended to be satirical ("Only swatting flies, not tigers").

During the Anti-Japanese War, a secretary of the Central Bank approached Yu Youren, then the dean of the Supervisory Yuan, and reported to him the corruption and fraud inside the bank, and Yu Youren immediately ordered an investigation.After the audit, it was found that several sums of money in the bank were embezzled by Kong Xiangxi, and the people who handled them were also pocketed.However, after the news of the impeachment case came out, Chiang Kai-shek ordered all press releases to be retracted. Only Yi Shi Bao still published the news the next day. As a result, it was punished by withholding the newspaper of the day and suspending its publication for one month.When Yu Youren learned about it, he cursed angrily: "The enemy looms on the outside, and self-destructs on the inside, and Li Zi can work together!" Intimidated by Yu Youren's prestige, they did not dare to attack him openly, but behind the scenes, these people did dirty tricks.Afterwards, someone suddenly claimed that he was ordered to send two barrels of gasoline to the Overwatch Council, and that Dean Yu was about to travel far away.After hearing the news, Yu Youren slapped the table and angrily scolded: "Zhuzi deceived me, Zhuzi deceived me!" For this reason, Yu Youren once resigned from the post of supervisory superintendent angrily, and was unemployed in Chengdu for a period of time.

Yu Youren had a turbulent life in his early years. Although he later became the head of the Overwatch Council, his life was a breeze, and he could even be described as "poverty". Chen Cunren, a famous Shanghai doctor in the 1930s, said in his book "Life History in the Silver Dollar Era" that Yu Youren once suffered from typhoid fever and had no money to pay for the consultation, so he had to write a copy of "Thousand Characters" in Huai Su style. gift.He once said to Chen Cunren: "(I) only take the salary of a civil servant, and I don't charge any office fees or confidentiality fees. The salary I get is only enough for a very poor family. I only carry a 'sack bag' on my body. Others put money in it. I only put two stamps in my bag bag. If I attend any cultural and wine gatherings, or someone presents cultural relics, I have nothing to repay. Just put two seals on it."

"Three old houses and one ancient locust tree, the commoner clothes fall into the universe." Among the political leaders of the Republic of China, Yu Youren's style of work can be said to be unique and independent, different from others. It is a homemade robe, and a pair of old cloth shoes are under the feet. Even the socks are made of homemade.These common clothes and shoes were all sewed by his wife himself.It is no exaggeration to say that although Yu Youren's official career was great and his calligraphy was first-class, he was poor almost all his life. Yu Youren wrote a good calligraphy, as early as the 1920s, he was known as "North to Southern Zheng" ("Nanzheng" refers to Zheng Xiaoxu).In his early years, Yu Youren was good at regular script and integrated seal script, official script, and cursive script, creating a unique method; in his middle age, he specialized in cursive script, and took part in the brushwork of Wei Bei, and finally formed a family of his own. In 1932, based on the principle of "easy to read, easy to write, accurate and beautiful", Yu Youren compiled the "Standard Cursive Script Thousand Characters" to popularize cursive calligraphy.Among the veterans of the Kuomintang, Yu Youren, Hu Hanmin, Wu Zhihui, and Tan Yankai are collectively known as the "Four Treasures of Calligraphy": Yu Youren's cursive script, Hu Hanmin's official script, Wu Zhihui's seal script and Tan Yankai's regular script.Zhang Lingfu, the later commander of the Reorganized 74th Division, is also said to be a direct disciple of Yu Youren.

Yu Youren was hailed as the "Sage of Grass of Kuang Dynasty" by the calligraphy circles, but he did not write calligraphy for fame and fortune, but as a kind of sport and a kind of pleasure. He wrote calligraphy every day and regarded it as a lifelong hobby. The few years after the "Second Revolution" was the most difficult period for Yu Youren. He once set a rule for embellishing the characters, but because he was not famous enough at that time, not many people came to ask for books. It only sells three or five copies a month, and then the Runge was canceled altogether. As long as someone likes it, they can write it immediately without taking a penny.Yu Youren usually writes in the early morning, one hour to three hours a day. People who ask for writing find him, whether they are political dignitaries, post-academic bureaucrats, or even traffickers. If you don't take a penny, it will be like a day for ten years.

Yu Youren wrote books for others, with a serious attitude and a rather particular and appropriate language.For example, Zhang Daqian's title: "Wealth can rival a country, and poverty can't stand a cone"; it's Jiang Jingguo's title: "The profit of the world should be calculated for the benefit of the world, and the fame should be sought for the fame of the world".What he wrote the most in his life was the line "to establish a heart for the world, to establish a life for the people, to inherit the knowledge of the sages, and to bring peace to all generations". The number is about one or two thousand.Although he has written countless books for others, Yu Youren would occasionally refuse other people's requests for words. For example, Song Ziwen once bought a pair of exquisite fans and asked Yu Youren to inscribe ink, but he was rejected. After Yu Youren became famous, he was also a senior official of the Kuomintang, and his calligraphy became valuable. Some down-and-out literati began to use his name to sell calligraphy.When Yu Youren found out, he didn't pursue it, and he also took special care of his subordinates "don't embarrass them".After going to Taiwan, there was a store sign on the street of Heping East Road in Taipei that faked his name. Yu Youren saw it and was not annoyed.The shopkeeper was very sorry and sent a large sum of money, but Yu Youren drifted away. Interestingly, the dean of the Overwatch Council, who had no money, even participated in the "Vice President" election in 1948.The elections at that time burned a lot of money. Other candidates, such as Sun Ke, Li Zongren, Cheng Qian, etc., treated guests and gave gifts. Some even provided cars or hotels for the delegates to enjoy, but Yu Youren had nothing.At that time, Li Zongren, Cheng Qianqian, and Sun Ke held a banquet at the Fuchang Hotel, and opened banquets to entertain representatives from various provinces; Yu Youren had no money to entertain guests, so he had to set up a table with the Eight Immortals in front of the Great Hall of the People. Swipe to write a picture.Someone joked: "Dean Yu, there are dozens of tables, hundreds of tables, how many people do you plan to invite for this table?" Yu Youren stroked his long beard, smiled and said: "Whoever votes for me, I Write a couplet for someone!" During the election period, although many supporters came to line up to ask for words, and wrote thousands of pages in a few days, but this alone, the election must be hopeless.On the eve of voting, the situation was urgent, so Yu Youren managed to invite a few guests. During the meeting, he reluctantly confessed his true feelings: "I don't have any money in my family, so I can't have a good time with everyone. Today's host is actually an old friend. Feng Ziyou and other 20 people are raising money, and I'm just offering wine to the guests." There is no doubt that paper bullets are no match for silver bullets. On the first day of voting, Yu Youren only got 493 votes and was eliminated in the first round.Afterwards, his old friend Feng Zizi said sadly: "Your old man is penniless, and he only campaigned on personal prestige and pen and ink. How could he succeed? This time, You Lao's failure in the election is entirely due to the ignorance of our old friends. Because of it." The election failed, and Yu Youren had no choice but to go back to being the director of the Overwatch Council, which had no position or authority. Yu Youren, who has been an official for most of his life, is still poor in his later years.Once he was sick and admitted to the hospital. After he heard that the one-day hospitalization fee would cost one-fifth of his monthly salary, he argued with the adjutant Xiaofang to go home. In fact, he had no money to be hospitalized.Fortunately, Jiang Jingguo came to visit at this time, and was arranged to be admitted to the Veterans Hospital.Another time, when Yu Youren had a toothache, someone recommended a doctor with excellent medical skills to him, but after hearing that it would cost NT$300 to extract a tooth, Yu Youren could only shake his head with a wry smile and say, it’s too expensive! Yu Youren, who had been "poor" all his life, did not treat his subordinates, relatives and friends harshly, and always tried his best to help them.During his stay in the Overwatch Council, the dean originally received a "special fee", but Yu Youren only received a monthly salary and nothing else.At the end of the month, he often asks the secretary-general: "How much is my special payment this month?" When he hears that there is still a surplus of "special payment", he invites his colleagues and business friends to the restaurant Go to eat a meal here, and never take a penny home.It can be seen that Yu Youren's "poor" is not because he has no ability, but because of his outstanding and independent spirit of "not taking anything and treating money like dung". When Yu Youren was in his later years, he often sat alone in the living room and took a nap. Sometimes the book in his hand fell on the floor, and the old man didn't even notice it.One winter day, Chiang Kai-shek came to visit Yu Youren and saw that there was a charcoal basin burning in his old house, so he suggested to replace it with two large electric stoves.Yu Youren said that the electricity used in the electric stove was too expensive and he didn't want to change it, so Chiang Kai-shek specially approved that the electricity bill in his hometown would be paid by the "Presidential Palace" in the future.After this matter was learned by a certain reporter, he came to interview and wanted to disclose it to the newspapers. After hearing this, Mr. Yu hurriedly stopped him: "This matter cannot be reported. There are many veterans in the 'government'. Only an electric furnace, which would cost too much public money, must not be published.” "Walking against the wind and circling again, curling up your long beard and flying over your shoulders; will the world be peaceful in a single anger, and when will the wind and cloud meet?" In his later years, Yu Youren lived on an isolated island, and often missed his hometown and relatives stranded in the mainland, but his long-cherished wish was not fulfilled. Remuneration, so that in November 1964, he died of hatred.In his diary in January 1962, Yu Youren left a will: "After a hundred years, I would like to be buried in Yushan or Alishan, where there are many trees, so that I can always look at the mainland. The mountain should be the tallest, and the tree should be the largest." The next day, I wrote another song: "Bury me on a high mountain, and look at my hometown; my hometown is invisible, and I will never forget it. Bury me on a high mountain, look at my mainland; the mainland is invisible, only weep bitterly. The sky is gray, the wild is vast, and above the mountains, there is a state of mourning. " After Yu Youren's death, his relatives and friends in Taiwan handled the funeral according to this song, and his body was temporarily housed on Guanyin Mountain, the highest mountain in the suburbs of Taipei.Later, the bust of the bronze statue was carried to the top of Yushan by members of the Mountaineering Association. The main peak is 3996 meters high, and the height of the 4-meter bronze statue is exactly 4000 meters. When the relatives and friends were sorting out Yu Youren's belongings, they found a small iron box with a lock. Everyone thought it was something valuable, but when they opened it in public, they found that there were no gold and silver jewelry, precious antiques, or stocks in it. The securities and banknote certificates of deposit are just a few receipts for borrowing money: thousands of yuan owed to Adjutant Song, and thousands of yuan owed to Adjutant Fang.Isn't it embarrassing for the patriarch of the Republic of China, a generation of giants, to be so shabby!