Chapter 12 12. Zhang Taiyan: genius, "madman", master

When Zhang Taiyan passed away in 1936, less than a hundred people came to express condolences at the memorial service, and the situation was very lonely.For this reason, Mr. Lu Xun also wrote an article complaining about it: "Young people are not as enthusiastic about scholars in their own countries as they are about Gorky in foreign countries. This lament is actually inappropriate. The assembly of officials and gentry has always been something that ordinary people dare not attend; Moreover, Gorky is a writer of war. Although Mr. Taiyan also appeared as a revolutionary before, he later retreated to a quiet scholar. He separated himself from the times with the walls built by himself and others.  … The people gradually became decadent, and later they participated in throwing pots and receiving gifts, and they were often dissatisfied by commentators. There is no second person in the world who is unyielding: this is the spirit of the sage, and the model for the younger generation. Recently, there are literary crooks who colluded with the tabloids, and even wrote an essay to ridicule Mr. to be self-satisfied. , and 'It's ridiculous to shake a big tree with a mayfly'!"

Mr. Lu Xun's article "Two or Three Things about Mr. Zhang Taiyan" is also flawed, that is, Sun Chuanfang did invite Zhang Taiyan to participate in the "pot throwing", but Zhang Taiyan did not attend, and Mr. Lu Xun took this rumor as a fait accompli and thought it was Zhang Taiyan's "sadness in the late festival" that "becoming decadent" is actually a misunderstanding. "Touhu", also known as Shehu, has similarities with current throwing circles and shooting flying marks. This is not only a traditional game in ancient times, but also a kind of etiquette recorded in "Book of Rites".During the warlord period, Sun Chuanfang, the "commander of the five provinces", recruited some well-known scholars to "throw the pot" in order to advocate respecting Confucius and restoring rituals. Because Sun Chuanfang was the enemy of the Northern Expedition, the participants were inevitably criticized after the victory of the Northern Expedition.However, Zhang Taiyan did not participate, and it was also explained in the notes in the later "Complete Works of Lu Xun".

Zhang Taiyan's original name was Zhang Binglin, originally named Xuecheng, styled Meishu, and later changed his name to Zhangjiang because he admired Gu Yanwu (named Jiang) and Huang Zongxi (styled Taichong), two great scholars in the late Ming Dynasty. One is known all over the world.Zhang Taiyan was born in 1869 in his hometown of Yuhang, Zhejiang. His father, Zhang Jun, was once a county school instructor. Zhang Taiyan received systematic Confucian education from an early age. He took the county examination at the age of sixteen, but suddenly suffered from epilepsy and gave up the examination. Fighting in the examination room.

Although he had never achieved any fame, Zhang Taiyan was quite savvy since he was a child. Later, he respected his father's order and entered Hangzhou Gujing Jingshe, which was presided over by Yu Yue, a master of Confucian classics, to study for seven years. appreciation.At the age of twenty-eight, the disastrous defeat in the Sino-Japanese War of 1898-1895 greatly stimulated the Chinese scholars. Zhang Taiyan, who originally "keep his ears off the outside world and only read the books of sages and sages," also went north with anger. He also sent sixteen silver dollar membership fees to join the Shanghai Strong Society established by Kang Youwei in Shanghai.

In 1896, despite the dissuasion of his teacher Yu Yue, Zhang Taiyan went to serve as the editor-in-chief of the "Current Affairs News" run by the Shanghai Reform School. , "Shi Xue Bao" chief writer, and was invited by Zhang Zhidong to Wuhan to organize "Zheng Xue Bao" after 1898, but left within a month.In July of that year, Zhang Taiyan returned to Shanghai to serve as the editor-in-chief of "Chang Yan Bao". In the summer of 1898, the situation in Beijing changed suddenly. Kang Liang and other reform parties fled overseas. Zhang Taiyan, who had emerged in the reform movement, was also on the wanted list. In the end, he panicked and avoided disaster in Taiwan, and soon went to Japan.Zhang Taiyan was originally a reformist, and his relationship with Kang Youwei was not bad. They even exchanged letters and admired each other during their stay in Taiwan.But after the change of the Gengzi Kingdom, Zhang Taiyan completely despaired of the Qing court, and thus embarked on a radical road.

In July 1900, Zhang Taiyan returned to Shanghai and participated in the Chinese Parliament organized by Tang Caichang. However, when formulating the charter, Tang Caichang refused to recognize the Qing government on the one hand and asked Emperor Guangxu to restore it. Cut braids and take off clothes, and declare resignation.After Yu Yue learned of this, he scolded him, "It's unfaithful to litigate the revolution, it's unfilial to go away to the country of parents, unfaithful and unfilial, it's not human, it's okay for a boy to beat the drum and attack", "Quyuan is not a disciple ", Zhang Taiyan was expelled from the division.

Although he was expelled from Quyuan, Zhang Taiyan had been infiltrated under the guidance of Yu Yue for seven years after all, and his later academic achievements were based on this instead of establishing his own school.In this year, Zhang Taiyan engraved his first book "Xi Shu", which is rich in accumulation, ancient in style and extensive in quotations. It is not known to people today because it is difficult to read, and even his contemporaries read it quite well. incomprehensible.Since then, Zhang Taiyan has written profusely and out of control. One of the most famous articles is "Refuting Kang Youwei's Theory of Revolution" in 1903. At the same time, it also brought him a disaster of prison.

In that article, Zhang Taiyan scolded: "Zaiyun clown, don't distinguish between wheat and wheat", not only knocked down Emperor Guangxu who Kang Liang and others relied on for self-respect, but also swept away the majesty of the Qing court, making people Those in power were extremely annoyed, and finally exerted strong pressure on the concession authorities, intending to leave as soon as possible.After Zhang Taiyan got the news of the arrest, he followed Tan Sitong's example and said that it was not the first time that the Qing court wanted to arrest me, and that the revolution would bleed, so what are you afraid of!When the patrol came, he went up to meet him and said, "I am Zhang Binglin, arrest me!" The concession authorities finally sentenced Zhang Binglin to three years and Zou Rong to two years in detention.Speaking of which, Zhang Taiyan's three-year torture was still a good deal, because the Qing court suffered even greater losses, and a rebellious criminal was sentenced to only three years in prison. How could the dignity of the dynasty be ashamed?In the era of autocracy, imperial power is sacred and inviolable. Once this fig leaf is removed, there is nothing sacred at all.

Later, Zou Rong died first due to illness, Zhang Taiyan was quite sad, and wrote a poem to mourn: "Zou Rong, my little brother, was sent to Yingzhou. Quickly cut off the braids with a knife, and made dried beef. When the hero is imprisoned, the world is also sad. There are only two ends in the universe.” In June 1906, Zhang Taiyan was honorably released from prison, and then traveled east to Japan to find a revolutionary organization and became the editor-in-chief of Min Bao. The relationship between Zhang Taiyan and Sun Yat-sen was originally good. When he came to Japan in 1902, Sun Yat-sen summoned dozens of volunteers from Yokohama to help Zhang Taiyan clean up the dust, which was extremely important.At this party, Zhang Taiyan claimed to have drank more than 70 cups without getting drunk, which can be seen from his high interest.During the period when he took over as the editor-in-chief of "Minbao", Zhang Taiyan was in charge of all editing and publishing of the remaining issues, except that Zhang Taiyan had a brain attack and was edited by Zhang Ji and Tao Chengzhang for three issues.

Zhang Taiyan's talent and personality determine that he cannot get along with anyone for too long. In March 1907, under the pressure of the Qing court, the Japanese government presented Sun Yat-sen with 5,000 yuan to urge him to leave the country, and the Japanese businessman Suzuki Kyugoro also presented him with 10,000 yuan.After Sun Yat-sen accepted the two sums of money, he left 2,000 yuan for the "Minbao" without discussing with the headquarters of the Tongmenghui, and then left Japan with Hu Hanmin, Wang Jingwei and others to start a revolution on the southwestern border.

After Zhang Taiyan learned that Sun Yat-sen had received two sums of money but only left 2,000 yuan to "Minbao", he immediately yelled, and the headquarters of the Tongmenghui also exploded.Zhang Ji said: "Just leave, why do you want other people's money! It's shameful!" Liu Shipei scolded: "Sun Wen took bribes!" Zhang Taiyan was even more angry. The number "Sun Wenying who sold "Minbao" will be removed immediately" was approved.This is still not relieved, he thought that Sun Yat-sen was in the Hong Kong branch of the Tongmenghui, so he sent the approved photo to Hongkong to show his humiliation. When the Tokyo headquarters of the Tongmenghui was in a mess, Sun Yat-sen instigated three consecutive uprisings in the southwest, but all ended in failure.After the news reached Tokyo, the voice of "anti-Sun" became even higher. Zhang Ji, Zhang Taiyan, Liu Shipei, Tan Renfeng and others all asked Liu Kuiyi, who presided over the work of the Tongmenghui headquarters, to convene a meeting to remove Sun Yat-sen from the post of prime minister and re-elect Huang Xing to succeed him.Zhang Ji and others claimed: "Before the revolution, the order of the revolutionary party must be revolutionized." Liu Kui disagreed with these people's opinions, so Zhang Ji and Liu Kuiyi scuffled each other; Sun Yat-sen bought bullets to prepare the military secrets of the armed uprising, so that the uprising could not be launched.Zhang Taiyan's reason was that launching an uprising with inferior weapons sold by profiteers in Japan would be tantamount to letting the revolutionary righteous die in vain. After falling out with his revolutionary comrades, Zhang Taiyan once had the idea of ​​going to India to become a monk. On April 27, 1908, in the Guangzhou "National Daily", the revolutionary comrades compiled a live drama called "Zhang Binglin's Monk" for Zhang Taiyan to exhort him: "(Comrade sweeps the board and sings) Zhang Binglin has given up his lifelong ambition; ( Adagio) Seeing that among the Han people, there are few helpers; they wear cassocks, sit on futons, and ignore their ancestors; Make a pagoda." "(Zhang Binglin's Zhongban singing)...removed three thousand troubles, and forced me to invite an eminent monk to come to Tokyo to shave my head. Fleeing, from now on I will not care about the ups and downs of the chaos, enter the monks, and join the Buddha to do the Bayeux work." In October 1908, "Min Bao" (No. 24) was banned by the Japanese government. Zhang Taiyan tried his best to support the affairs of "Min Bao" and suffered a lot. In addition, he disagreed with Huang Xing and Song Jiaoren. Angrily resigned from the post of president, and "declared that he would no longer hear about the "Min Bao"".A year later, Wang Jingwei came to Tokyo to restore "Minbao", and Tao Chengzhang and Zhang Taiyan were excluded from the original editorial committee, which aroused even bigger disturbances. In anger, Zhang Taiyan published the "Report of the Pseudo-People's Daily", and Tao Chengzhang also wrote the "Book of Comrade Announcement". In the end, they openly broke with the Tongmenghui and restored the name of the Restoration Society in Tokyo.The royalists who were watching the excitement were overjoyed, and they also clamored for big events in order to combat the revolutionary arrogance.As a counterattack, the Revolutionary Party published the letter from Zhang Taiyan to Liu Shipei asking for help.It turned out that when Zhang Taiyan wanted to go to India to become a monk, he suffered from lack of funds, so he wrote to Liu Shipei, a former revolutionary friend who had defected to Duan Fang, Governor of Liangjiang, and asked Duan Fang for funding. Zhang Taiyan and the revolutionary camp also went farther and farther. After the abdication of the Qing emperor, the revolution was accomplished. Zhang Taiyan publicly claimed that "the revolutionary army rises and the revolutionary party disappears", and demanded that the secret revolutionary party organization be changed into a legal organization and carry out open political activities. After 1912, amidst the call for "disappearing the revolutionary party", a vigorous party formation movement also began to be staged in major cities across the country, and reached a climax before the 1913 congressional election. As a figure in the limelight at the time, Zhang Taiyan became the vanguard of the party formation movement in the early Republic of China. On January 3, 1912, Zhang Taiyan joined forces with Cheng Dequan, the governor of Jiangsu, to establish the Federation of the Republic of China. Zhang Taiyan served as the chairman and Cheng Dequan as the deputy.Soon, Tao Chengzhang, Zhang Taiyan's comrade and leader of the Restoration Society, was stabbed to death by Chen Qimei. Zhang Taiyan reorganized the Federation of the Republic of China into the United Party, and even more fiercely accused and reprimanded the Tongmenghui.In his view, the Tongmenghui is an organization with serious violent tendencies. These people disregard the interests of the country and the interests of the nation, and want to continue to make trouble (revolution) after the peace agreement has been reached. If these people are lucky enough to obtain state power, Dissidents must be excluded, blood will flow like rivers, and there is no doubt that one-party dictatorship will be established. Zhang Taiyan even bluntly pointed out in his conversations and correspondence that he set up other political parties to target the Tongmenghui. During this period, he accused Sun Yat-sen and even publicly abused Huang Xing, Chen Qimei and others as "bandits", which was almost commonplace. Open your mouth and come.On issues such as "Han Yeping's loan", "moving the capital", and "big loan for aftermath", Zhang Taiyan was in a dilemma with Sun Yat-sen and others everywhere.For Zhang Taiyan's defection, the members of the Tongmenghui also fought back angrily. They scolded Zhang Taiyan as a "lunatic" in the newspaper, and released rumors that Zhang Taiyan wanted to shoot the Prime Minister Tang Shaoyi with a gun, because he had serious violent tendencies. When it comes to the word "crazy", Zhang Taiyan does have intermittent epileptic symptoms, but he is called "Crazy Zhang" because he likes to be independent in his life and is good at making amazing words.For this nickname, Zhang Taiyan not only does not think it is disobedient, but also hopes that his comrades and friends will be a little crazy.He once gave a speech in Tokyo: "Generally, people who are not mentally ill cannot think about extraordinary arguments. They can think about it but can't say it. When encountering difficulties and hardships, people who are not mentally ill must not go back and do their own way. Therefore, in ancient times, those who have learned to become great careers must have a mental illness. For this reason, brothers admit that they are mentally ill, and hope that all comrades have one or two points of mental illness. Recently, it is said that a certain person has a mental illness A certain person is also mentally ill, from my brother’s point of view, I’m not afraid of having mental illness, but I’m afraid that when riches, honor and fortune appear in person, the mental illness will be cured immediately, that’s a serious matter!” "Song Shu·Yuan Can Biography" said: "There was a country in the past, and there was a water in the country. It is said that if the king is not mad, he is crazy. So he gathered together to conspire with the ruler of the country, and healed his madness. Fire moxa acupuncture and medicine are all available. The ruler of the country does not let him suffer, so he goes to the spring, drinks water, and drinks it. Crazy. Kings and ministers, big or small, are as crazy as one, and everyone is happy." This is probably what they mean. Lu Xun also recalled in his article that in the first year of the Republic of China, Mr. Zhang Taiyan had a lot of discussions during his stay in Beijing, and he praised and criticized others without any scruples. A group of people who were often demoted nicknamed him "Crazy Zhang" , the person is a lunatic, and of course talking about it is crazy, and he is a person of no value.But whenever there is a speech, it is still published in their newspaper, but the title is special, saying "Crazy Zhang Going Crazy".Once, he scolded their opposition party, but when it was reported in the newspaper the next day, the headline became: "Crazy Zhang is not crazy!" Zhang Taiyan's "crazy" also affected his marriage.Zhang Taiyan suffered from epilepsy in his early years, coupled with his mouthful of reactionary remarks, no one in the local area dared to marry his daughter to him, so his mother had no choice but to betroth her dowry girl, Mrs. Wang, to him.According to the customs at the time, this kind of marriage could not be regarded as a formal marriage ceremony, but could only be regarded as a "concubine". After giving birth to three children for Zhang Taiyan, Wang died unfortunately in 1903.In the next ten years, Zhang Taiyan ran into exile for the revolution and never married. It is rumored that Zhang Taiyan once published the "Marriage Confession" in Beijing's "Shuntian Times", which mentioned five conditions: first, he must be from Hubei; second, he must be a lady with an open temperament; The fourth is that both parties are equal and equal to each other; the fifth is that the husband can marry or divorce after death.This was considered groundbreaking at the time, and it was only natural that there was no result.After the victory of the revolution, Zhang Taiyan asked for marriage again and put forward the following criteria for choosing a spouse: "People marry wives for food, and I marry wives for medicine. People from the two lakes are very good, followed by Anhui people. The most unsuitable are northern women, and Guangdong women speak It doesn’t make sense, like a foreigner, that’s the most daring thing to do!” Mr. Cai Yuanpei, who used to be a colleague of the Patriotic Society, heard about it, and he introduced Ms. Tang Guoli, a talented woman and founder of "Shenzhou Women's Daily", to Zhang Taiyan.However, Tang Guoli is not a girl from Hunan, nor a girl from Hubei, but a fellow from Zhejiang (from Wuzhen). Zhang Taiyan is partial to girls from the two lakes, and for some reason. After the "Second Revolution", at the behest of Yuan Shikai, the "Republican Party", "Democratic Party", and "United Party" were combined into the "Progressive Party" to fight against the largest party in Congress at that time, the "KMT". The later "Progressive Party" was still too weak, so some people advocated the introduction of Zhang Taiyan, who was very well-known and had a deadlock with the "KMT".After Zhang Taiyan came to Beijing, he lived in the former headquarters of the "Republican Party" at the Dahuashi Bridge in Qianmen. Unexpectedly, on the first day he arrived, the front door was already full of military police, called protection, but actually monitoring.It turned out that Zhang Taiyan "talked about it, just to slander it", and he was an old revolutionary party, Yuan Shikai was quite jealous of him, "There is no way to go to heaven, and there is no way to go to hell", Zhang Taiyan actually sent it to his door . Zhang Taiyan's disciple Qian Xuantong and others came to visit. Seeing that the teacher was very angry, they approached Zhang Jian, who was the head of the agricultural business at that time, to help him.Zhang Jian proposed to Yuan Shikai to set up a "Hongwen Museum" and asked Zhang Taiyan to lead some disciples to compile dictionaries and do research. Yuan Shikai said: "As long as Zhang Taiyan does not leave Beijing, the Hongwen Museum can be set up. This is not a problem." Yuan Shikai He also agreed on the spot to allocate thousands of yuan as the start-up fee, and will allocate a certain amount every month in the future. Although the matter has been settled, the efficiency of the office is extremely low. Time passed in a flash on New Year's Day in the third year of the Republic of China (1914). I can't stay for another day, and tomorrow I will go to Tianjin first, and then go south from Tianjin." Qian Xuantong and others said: "The matter of the Hongwen Museum has been settled, why don't you wait, teacher?" Zhang Taiyan snorted and said: "Yuan Shikai can only lie to you, how can he lie to me! Do you think he is really willing to allocate funds to open the Hongwen Museum!" The next day, Zhang Taiyan went to the train station, but was soon stopped by the military and police, so there was "Zhang Taiyan" Havoc at the Presidential Palace" anecdote. The novel "Monument" of the Republic of China once made a wonderful description of this: "On the New Year's Day of the third year of the Republic of China, on the evening of the seventh day of the first lunar month, a loud noise was suddenly heard inside the Xinhua Gate of the Presidential Palace. One person came out and pushed the other person into the carriage, surrounded by soldiers all around, and took him to the gendarmerie coach station... After careful questioning, he realized that he was caught... a lunatic... he always The gentleman suddenly became happy that day, and went to the Presidential Palace at 8:00 in the morning to meet the President. He was wearing an oiled woolen fur coat, stepped on a pair of tattered satin boots that looked like they had been buried in the ground, and held a pair of The white feather fan kept waving back and forth; there was another glorious thing called a medal, which was not hung on the chest, but was carried on the big finger of the hand holding the fan... sitting crookedly On the first big chair in the reception room of the Presidential Palace, no one could see that haughty look. "Think about it, everyone, what a dignified place the Presidential Palace is, and how respectful the people who meet the President are in dresses and hats, and the officials who enter the Presidential Palace are all tiptoeing and sniffling. He didn't dare to come out. Although there were many people coming and going, it was a quiet and quiet scene, as if there was no one there. How could he have seen this lunatic, such a monster! Needless to say, as soon as the messenger reported back, President Yuan naturally I refused to see him. This lunatic is really weird. The more he said he couldn't see him, he just wanted to see him. "Until it was getting late, he not only didn't go, but also moved in and stayed here for the night. The person who heard the rumors reported to the President to see Xiang Ruikun. He got angry and said: "Xiang Rui Kun, a child, can see it, can’t I see it?” He said to himself, the more he spoke, the more angry he became, and he started to curse. The guard asked him to keep his voice down, and he was angry at the guard’s rudeness, smashed the tea bowl, and immediately Throwing at the guards. At first, the guards saw him carrying a glorious thing, thinking about his background, wondering how many bowls of dry rice he could eat, and didn’t dare to compete, so they had to let him make trouble. Then they didn’t know why An order came from the place, so the guards took him out of the reception room like a chicken, and put him into the carriage, and sent him to a place in no time, and put him in a cage. "It turns out that his surname is Zhang Taiyan, and he is from Yuhang, Zhejiang. Everyone admires him when he talks about old learning, but because of his strange behavior, most people call him Zhang Crazy. Since then, Zhang Crazy has been a prisoner for a long time. The transfer of prisoners from the military police coach to Longquan Temple, and from Longquan Temple to Dr. Xu's house is a later story. After Zhang Luanzi was imprisoned, there were many people who rescued him. One person asked President Yuan's most trusted Secretary Zhang , For him, he said slowly: "President Yuan has a hundred thousand elite soldiers, so why be afraid of a scholar and not let him recover his freedom!" !' So Taiyan is imprisoned, and everyone has no hope of releasing him. This is a deep understanding of the meaning of being in power..." After Zhang Taiyan was transferred to Longquan Temple in the outer city, he was very angry. He refused to provide supplies from the government. He only relied on the travel expenses he brought when he came to Beijing to show that "righteousness does not eat Yuan Su".Soon, all travel expenses were used up, and Zhang Taiyan began a hunger strike.After Yuan Shikai found out, he didn't want to bear the reputation of killing the master of Chinese studies, so he specially summoned Wu Bingxiang, the police chief of the capital, and asked him to try to persuade him to deal with it properly, so that Zhang Taiyan really didn't die on a hunger strike. Wu Bingxiang then found Xu, the director of the official hospital, and asked him to issue a report saying that Zhang Taiyan was ill, Longquan Temple was not suitable for his illness, and should be relocated for recuperation, so he moved Zhang Taiyan to Xu's apartment in Dongcheng Bensi Hutong, so that Taking care and treatment at any time, Zhang Taiyan's hunger strike was imperceptibly reversed.In addition to preventing Zhang Taiyan from going on a hunger strike, Xu also secretly had the task of persuading Zhang Taiyan.Once when Qian Xuantong and other disciples went to see Zhang Taiyan, they heard him give a speech in front of the crowd: "Your teacher is a man of great learning. Not only we admire him, but President Yuan also thinks highly of him. If your teacher understands the kindness of the President, , agree with each other, the President will definitely treat him differently, and he will never fail him. However, the President is also fierce. If he doesn't know what to do, he must offend his old man, and his old man will turn his face and deny anyone. 'Plop' With a single sound (as of shooting at this point), your teacher’s life is in danger! You should always persuade him!” At that time, Xu’s performance was full of voices, and Qian Xuantong and others had nothing to say. Zhang Taiyan sneered slightly after hearing this. After Zhang Taiyan lived in Xu Yu, Yuan Shikai still refused to allow him to leave Beijing, and only agreed to provide him with expenses in Beijing, that is, to pay 500 yuan per month as "high-level prison food".However, the 500 yuan was not directly handed over to Zhang Taiyan, but was handled by Xu, so Zhang Taiyan's actual income was only 300 yuan.Later, for some reason, Zhang Taiyan went on a hunger strike again. Xu's persuasion was ineffective, and he couldn't help scolding him angrily: "President Yuan gave you 500 yuan for free every month. How comfortable you are, you are still not satisfied, and you are on a hunger strike for no reason. I really don't know what to do. !” After speaking, Xu sneered and left.At that time, Xu was only angry, and accidentally leaked the truth about the 500 yuan. After Qian Xuantong and other disciples heard this, they all went to Xu together and said, "You are qualified as a dealer. Ming told Mr. Zhang 500 yuan; if he still only pays 300 yuan in the future, Mr. Zhang will be deceived and get angry, can you afford the consequences?" After some negotiations, Xu finally handed over the 500 yuan give. During the period of house arrest, Zhang Taiyan wrote the word "Yuan Thief" every day, drinking with peanuts, saying: "Kill Emperor Yuan's head!" The villains reported Zhang Taiyan's rebellious words and deeds to Yuan Shikai, and suggested that Zhang Taiyan be killed Yuan Shikai said flatly, a lunatic, why should I be serious with him! House arrest was returned to house arrest, and Zhang Taiyan's knowledge was not delayed. During this period, he revised "Xu Shu" and "Guoxue Lunheng" and other works, which can be regarded as a gift from Yuan. In 1916, after Yuan Shikai proclaimed himself emperor and was defeated, Zhang Taiyan regained his freedom, but a new era was upon us. Unintentionally, Zhang Taiyan had become an "antique" figure criticized by new figures and new trends of thought. During the New Culture Movement, traditional Chinese academics were swept away, which made Zhang Taiyan quite uncomfortable.Dr. Hu Shi, who returned from studying abroad in the United States, wrote an "Outline of the History of Chinese Philosophy" (the first book in China to use new punctuation marks).Because he benefited from Zhang Taiyan’s many thoughts, Hu Shi specially sent a copy to Zhang Taiyan after it was published, with the words “Mr. He said: "What is Hu Shi! How dare you scribble on my name!" Then he saw a black line drawn next to the word "Hu Shi" which was "a gift from Hu Shi". Then he turned his anger into joy, and said with a smile: " There are also lines around his name, which cancel each other out." (In the previous punctuation rules, people's names, place names, etc. were often distinguished by lines) It is true that Zhang Taiyan is an "old revolutionary", but he is also a revolutionary heretic. Not to mention the serious conflict with Sun Yat-sen before, after the May 4th Movement, he couldn't keep up with the situation.During this period, Zhang Taiyan not only opposed the redification of Russia and advocated inter-provincial autonomy, but also did not agree with the Nanjing National Government after the Northern Expedition, which was extremely out of place.Zhang Taiyan's remarks criticizing Chiang also made the authorities very dissatisfied. He was once listed as a "reactionary scholar" and was wanted. After 1928, Zhang Taiyan began to live in seclusion and concentrate on learning.According to Chen Cunren, a private disciple of Zhang Taiyan and a famous doctor in Shanghai, Zhang Taiyan was in a difficult situation at that time, and his only income was from selling calligraphy (mostly to Duo Yunxuan); because he suffered from sinusitis all year round, what he ate every day was fermented bean curd , peanut butter, salted fish, salted eggs, etc.; there are only three or four sets of clothes all year round, and I have never seen him change into new clothes; because he often has bad relations with people, few people visit him... Chen Cunren is a doctor, and Zhang Taiyan also has profound attainments in Chinese medicine, especially the research on the literature of "Treatise on Febrile Diseases", which is even more unique.Zhang Taiyan wrote medical books such as "On Cholera", "New Theory on Sudden Diseases", "Mr. Zhang Taiyan's Treatise on Febrile Diseases" and other medical books. Someone once asked him: "Is Mr. Confucianism the first in Confucianism or History?" To be honest, I am number one in medicine!" According to Chen Cunren, in the spring of a certain year, he and another disciple Zhang Cigong accompanied Zhang Taiyan and his wife to Hangzhou, where they stayed for several months before returning.On the second day after arriving in Hangzhou, Zhang Taiyan went to Yuanqu Garden early in the morning to pay homage to his teacher Yu Yue. Unexpectedly, things had changed, and the owner had changed hands. He did not know that this was Yu Yue's former residence.Another day, Zhang Taiyan went to Lou Wai Lou Restaurant for dinner and wrote a very long poem about Zhang Cangshui’s death for the owner of Lou Wai Lou. When eating in the outer building, the two parties did not greet each other because they did not know each other. Chiang Kai-shek and his wife ate very quickly. Before leaving, Zhou Xiangxian whispered to Chiang Kai-shek that the person writing on the opposite side was Zhang Taiyan.After hearing this, Chiang Kai-shek came over to say hello, "Mr. Taiyan, how are you?"Chiang Kai-shek said: "I'll wait for you and take you back home. You can take care of Xiang Xian anytime you need anything." Zhang Taiyan frequently said "I can't use it, I can't use it", and insisted on not taking the car.Chiang Kai-shek had no choice but to give his cane to Zhang Taiyan as a souvenir.Zhang Taiyan was quite satisfied with this cane, thanked him for shaking hands and said goodbye. The next day, the major newspapers in Hangzhou published the news that "Zhang Taiyan's Zhang Guozhang Dynasty" and Chairman Jiang care about the old people".In fact, in Zhang Taiyan's eyes, Chiang Kai-shek was just a junior revolutionary, not to mention that he personally led people to assassinate his comrade Tao Chengzhang.Moreover, Zhang Taiyan had a lifelong feud with Chiang Kai-shek and never said anything kind. The authenticity of this story is still unknown. When Zhang Taiyan lived in Shanghai in his later years, he often made jokes.Once he went out to buy books and asked a rickshaw to deliver them. After reading for a long time, he didn’t buy a single book. Then he came out unceremoniously and got on another rickshaw. The driver asked him where he was going, but he didn’t remember his address, just said to go west.They pulled him for a long time and asked him where he lived.Zhang Taiyan said: "I am Zhang Taiyan, known as Zhang Crazy. Everyone in Shanghai knows my address, don't you know?" Later, when Zhang Taiyan had some money, he bought a house in Suzhou and moved there to settle down.During his stay in Suzhou, Zhang Taiyan held a seminar on Chinese studies, taught "A Brief Introduction to Primary School", "A Brief Introduction to Confucian Classics", "A Brief Introduction to Historiography", and "A Brief Introduction to the Studies of Zhuzi", etc. He received many students and did a lot for the preservation of Chinese studies. big contribution.Zhang Taiyan wrote a lot of works in his life, with about 4 million characters. He has made achievements in literature, history, linguistics, medicine, poetry, calligraphy, etc. His works such as "Introduction to Chinese Studies" and "On the Balance of Chinese Studies" can be called Confucian classics during the Republic of China.Zhang Taiyan's life has not been wasted from a genius to a "lunatic", from a revolutionary to a master of Chinese studies. In the summer of 1936, Zhang Taiyan died of illness in Suzhou on June 14 (the etiology should be sinus cancer) at the age of 68 after he finished lecturing the "Shangshu" to the students at the Chinese Studies Seminar.Before his death, Zhang Taiyan only left a sentence, "If a foreign race enters the Central Plains, the descendants of generations should not eat their official salary." He seems to have realized what dangers will happen to China in the future. In view of Zhang Taiyan's status as a "revolutionary hero" and "master of Chinese studies", the Nanjing Nationalist Government ordered a state funeral.However, due to the outbreak of the Anti-Japanese War and the troubled times, Zhang Taiyan’s remains were not buried in his apartment on Jinfan Road in Suzhou. It was not until after liberation that Zhejiang officials buried him in Pingshan, West Lake, Hangzhou. Next to Zhang Cangshui's tomb. Zhang Taiyan’s life was very contradictory. He wanted revolution while preserving the quintessence of the country; he wanted a republic but opposed a representative government; he was a Confucian but also yearned for Buddhism... According to Chen Cunren, Zhang Taiyan hated evil like an enemy, and mortals would be reprimanded for doing bad things. , leave no room for it.In his later years, he would never meet anyone he didn't like to see;Zhang Taiyan's ambitions in his later years were quite different from those in his early years. They became more and more plain, and his self-cultivation skills became more and more profound. He once wrote banners for others, mocking himself: "Young people are full of energy, and they talk about different people. From today's perspective, it is too persuasive. Roughly ten can get five ears. If I leave it for a few years, maybe there will be no major mistakes." From breaking through tradition to finally returning to tradition, Zhang Taiyan finally got spiritual relief from the struggle.But unfortunately, in the era he lived in, the trend of thought became more and more extreme and fierce. In the end, he couldn't keep up with the trend of the times and was abandoned by the "revolution". , Is it not a kind of "solitary anger" that returns to the basics!Fortunately, after staying behind closed doors and concentrating on academics, Zhang Taiyan did not fail to live up to his talent and early academic training, and eventually became a generation of masters of Chinese studies; while some talented scholars and beauties of his generation, after a century of "revolutionary tide" passed, After that, it has long since disappeared!