The Soong Ching Ling Mausoleum, originally the old site of the Cemetery of All Nations in the Concession era, is now located in the bustling area in the southwest corner of Shanghai.In this rare and lonely place in the busy city, a tombstone stands proudly in an even lonelier corner, engraved with the words "Tomb of Mr. Yang Xizi in Xiangtan". Calligrapher and seal carver Xia Shoutian's handwriting.What is puzzling is that there is a lying stele in front of the tombstone, with the words "Comrade Yang Du" engraved on it, which is so incompatible with the tombstones of the surrounding celebrities of the Republic of China...

Yang Du's grandfather, Yang Litang, was originally a scholar who inherited farming and reading. After the Taiping Army swept across the south of the Yangtze River, he led his eldest son Yang Ruisheng to join Li Xubin's Department of the Hunan Army.In the eighth year of Xianfeng (1858), 6,000 people from Li Xubin's department and tens of thousands of Taiping army rookies Chen Yucheng and Li Xiucheng launched an extremely cruel bloody battle in Sanhe Town, Luzhou, Anhui.After the battle, the main general Li Xubin, Zeng Guohua (Zeng Guofan's younger brother) and others were all killed in battle, and the main force was gone.After Zeng Guofan got the news, he vomited blood on the spot, and lamented: "After the defeat of Sanhe, the vitality was completely damaged; the elite of the Hunan Army will be overwhelmed once!"

Fate is cruel, and Yang Auditorium was also buried in this battle that year.However, Yang Du's uncle, Yang Ruisheng, who was in the same battalion as his father and son, crawled out from the pile of dead people under heavy siege by the Taiping Army. It is a rare lucky and odd number.Responding to the old Chinese saying, "If you survive a catastrophe, you will have good fortune", Yang Ruisheng was promoted step by step, and successively became the commander-in-chief of Guide Town, Chaoyang Town and other places. Yang Du's father, Yang Yisheng, was weak and could not fight with his father and brother on the battlefield, so he could only do farming at home.When Yang Du was six years old, Yang Yisheng passed away unfortunately. His uncle Yang Ruisheng later took Yang Du and his younger sister Yangzhuang to his residence. It was not until he moved to Chaoyang Town outside Guanwai that Yang Du and his younger sister returned to their hometown in Xiangtan.

Yang Ruisheng started his career with military exploits and knew the cruelty of war, so he didn't want his nephew to follow his own path.When he was very young, Yang Ruisheng saw that Yang Du was very talented, because as long as it was something Yang Du had seen, he could basically remember it with his memory. The appearance of a nobleman.Therefore, Yang Ruisheng spent a lot of money to invite well-known tutors for his nephews, so that this generation can be named on the gold list and win a sigh of relief for the Yang family. Later, Wang Kaiyun, a famous scholar in central Hunan, learned of Yang Du's literary name, and sent someone to recruit Yang Du to his Shigu Academy, where he focused on cultivation.Wang Kaiyun was a famous Confucian of his generation. At that time, Shigu Academy was also full of talents. There were many students who were awarded high school and advanced scholars, such as the well-known scholar Liao Ping, Yang Rui and Liu Guangdi who were later killed in the "1898 Coup", painters Qi Baishi and others all walked out of Shigu Academy.

After studying under Wang Kaiyun for three years, Yang Du successfully passed the Juren examination at the age of nineteen.The following year, Yang Du and his classmate Xia Shoutian went to Beijing for an examination to win the final fame.According to Yang Chang, Yang Du's cousin, "Brother Zhong Shuntian passed the provincial examination... He looked up and swaggered like a madman." But this time, Yang Du's luck seemed to have come to an end.After the list was released, Yang Du lost his name to Sun Shan, but Xia Shoutian got the second place. The crescent moon shines on Kyushu, some families are happy and some are sad.Just when Yang Du was very depressed, Xia Shoutian excitedly dragged him to Taoranting to play together.Taoranting is located in the south of Beijing, where reeds are overgrown and the lake is quiet. From a distance, you can also see the yellow palace wall in the north of the city.Yang Du, who failed the exam, was in a bad mood. He wrote two sentences on the pavilion: "The king of the Western Mountains is angry but sad, and the sun is setting and the grass is fading." The rain is enough, and the clear water and bright clouds shine together." The moods of the two are different enough to complement each other.

More than ten years later, Yang Du and Xia Shoutian came here to play again. At that time, Yang Du was already in the fourth-rank Jingtang, and he was in a good mood. He wrote two sentences on the pavilion: "Last night, the east wind blew the dream away, and the rivers and mountains in the dream It's better." Xia Shoutian reconciled: "The wind and rain in the abandoned garden of wild wild cats and cattails make the sound of autumn unbearable." It turned out that although Xia Shoutian was also an official in Beijing, he has not been going well these years, so his tone of voice is far from the high-spirited and high-spirited one when he was in the list.

Yang Du's master Wang Kaiyun is not a simple person either.When the Taiping Army was about to be wiped out, Wang Kaiyun once suggested to Zeng Guofan: "The general has a strong army and uses heavy weapons. It is advisable to eliminate the Taiping Army first, and then rectify the Hunan Army. There are a lot of things going on today, and this opportunity cannot be missed. Only the general can do this, so why not do it?" After hearing this, Zeng Guofan's face turned ashen, and a few days later he found an excuse to send Wang Kaiyun back to his hometown.As a result, Wang Kai Yunkong had no way to display the "Emperor's Learning" all over his body, so he could only pin his wishes on his disciples.Among all the disciples, Yang Du is the most valued. Wang Kaiyun once warned him: "Xizi, with your talent, you will have great potential in the future, and you must do it yourself."

Wang Kaiyun has three kinds of knowledge, one is the study of fame, the other is the study of poetry and prose, and the third is the study of emperors.The so-called "study of fame and fame" is used for scientific research, and learning is just a stepping stone. It is the duty of Liyan to pursue learning, "read the gains and losses of the past dynasties, study the relationship between heaven and man, and form a family's words"; as for "the study of emperors", that is the highest state, and you need to be proficient in everything from epic poetry to astronomy and geography However, we still need to wait for the opportunity before we can do something extraordinary.

Yang Du was once obsessed with Wang Kaiyun's study of emperors, but after failing the general examination in the Jiawu year, due to changes in the current situation, Yang Du's thoughts changed. He became suspicious of Wang Kaiyun's old studies and turned to new ones. Interested.At this time, under the leadership of Governor Chen Baozhen, Hunan implemented the New Deal, and Yang Du was quickly involved in this reform wave, and had a close relationship with Tan Sitong, Xiong Xiling, Tang Caichang, Liang Qichao and others who were active in the Changsha School of Current Affairs. .However, the Restoration Movement came and went quickly, and within a year, all of this became obsolete, and former friends and colleagues became ghosts under the knife.

After three years of depression, the Qing government implemented the New Deal and encouraged scholars to study abroad.Not long after the policy was promulgated, there was an upsurge of studying in Japan in China. Yang Du also went to Japan to study in Japan at his own expense without telling Wang Kaiyun in 1902, and was incorporated into the crash course of teachers at Tokyo Kobun College to learn new-style education. In 1903, the Qing court held special economic examinations in accordance with the example of the "erudite ci" subject, in order to select timely talents who "have a good knowledge and understanding of Chinese and foreign current affairs".This exam does not test stereotyped essays, but replaces them with policy theory, which can be freely played, but the difficulty is more difficult and more realistic than the previous exams. ".

After Yang Du heard the news, he was eager to try, and then returned to China to take the exam, not wanting to almost cause a disaster.It turned out that this special economic examination consisted of two sessions, the preliminary examination and the re-examination, and the chief examiner was Zhang Zhidong, who was famous all over the world, and he was also the only surviving one of ZTE's famous ministers.After the first test was released, Yang Du ranked second in the first class of high school, ahead of him was Liang Shiyi from Sanshui, Guangdong. Liang Shiyi and Liang Qichao used to be classmates of Foshan Academy. They both got the same ranking in the 1889 provincial examination. Later, in the 1894 national competition, Liang Shiyi won the Jinshi, while Liang Qichao failed the ranking.After becoming a Jinshi, Liang Shiyi entered the Imperial Academy to study, and worked for the National History Museum after it was dismissed.Because Liang Shiyi always liked to study finance, rivers and canals and other practical studies, he was not interested in the job assigned to him by the imperial court, so he took the special economic examination in 1903, but he did not expect to win the first place among the talents. But during the retest, Liang Shiyi and Yang Du were injured by the villain's back arrow.Someone sued them in front of the Empress Dowager Cixi, saying that Liang Shiyi was "Liangtou Kangwei" and his character can be known ("Liangtou" is also Liang Qichao; "Kangwei" is because of Kang Youwei's word "Zuyi". After the Reform Movement of 1898, Kang and Liang were the "rebels" that the Empress Dowager Cixi hated the most, and they must be eliminated soon).As for Yang Du, one was Yang Rui and Liu Guangdi, who were killed in the 1898 year, were from the same family, and the other was that he was accused of attacking the imperial court during his stay in Japan.Unexpectedly encountering such an accident, Yang Du and others had no choice but to run away wisely, so as not to cause disaster. After suffering this setback, Yang Du went to Japan again to study law and politics. Because of his handsome personality and high IQ, he soon became famous among foreign students, and was later promoted as the secretary-general of the International Students Association in Japan.Soon, his younger brother, younger sister, and his wife also came to Japan to study one after another. They all lived in the house rented by Yang Du. While learning Japanese, they planned to study in a specialized school. Once, a friend invited Yang Du, his wife and his sister to visit his home.According to Japanese customs, people usually wear clogs after taking off their shoes when entering a house, but because Chinese women have their feet bound, they are ashamed to show their ugly little feet in front of outsiders, so they are reluctant to enter the house for a long time.They waited until the hostess found two pairs of leather shoes, and the two were able to avoid this embarrassment.On the way home, the two women couldn't help crying because they were wronged. Yang Du comforted them and said, "Don't cry! From now on, you just let go of the foot binding and let it grow. Don't worry! This kind of bad custom has long since passed away. It should be eradicated!" However, Yang Du is not a revolutionary faction, and he does not want to join any faction.Among the Japanese students studying abroad at that time, the royalist constitutionalist and the revolutionary party attacked each other in public opinion, but Yang Du got along well with the two factions.When Liang Qichao advocated the "Young China Theory", Yang Du also wrote the famous "Hunan Youth Song" and sang: "I am from Hunan, and I sing and compose Hunan songs. Hunan youths are good at skills, but the time is dangerous, but what is Hunan?" ?... If it is said that the country of China will perish, unless all the people in Hunan die..." Sun Yat-sen also admired Yang Du quite a lot, and at one point wanted to draw him into the League, but Yang Du was politically inclined to a constitutional monarchy, neither royalist nor revolutionary.Although he declined Sun Yat-sen's request politely, he was the one who introduced Huang Xing to Sun Yat-sen, and thus the Chinese League was established.Because Yang Du is modest and hospitable, his apartment in Iidacho, Tokyo is often full of guests. Chen Tianhua, Huang Xing, Song Jiaoren, Cai E and others are frequent visitors. During this period, Yang Du earnestly studied Chinese and Western constitutional theories and published a large number of political articles, and was called a "constitutional theorist" at one time.An important long article of his, "The Theory of Metal and Ironism", was completed at this time.The so-called "gold and iron doctrine", "gold is gold, iron is black iron; gold is money, iron is iron cannon; gold is economics, iron is military", Yang Du proposed in the article, "If you want to use China as a golden country, In other words, it is an economic state, a military state, and an economic war state." To put it bluntly, Yang Du neither agrees with the theory of reform and national salvation of the royalist constitutionalists, nor with the revolutionary theory of national salvation of the radicals. In a unique way, he proposed that China should follow "economic hegemony and militarism". In this regard, Yang Du has a clear understanding, because "economic hegemonism and militarism", which is what he calls "gold and iron doctrine", is actually the mystery of the rise of modern Germany and Japan.As for constitutionalism, republic, and democracy, they were all scratchy and aimless, and could not solve China's internal and external difficulties at that time. But under the conditions at the time, it was obviously difficult to achieve this goal. Fortunately, in 1905, the Qing government decided to investigate the constitutionalism of various countries and prepare to implement a constitutional monarchy. This gave Yang Du hope again.After the "five ministers" returned to China, Yang Du was entrusted by Xiong Xiling, an attache of the inspection team and his fellow countryman, to write two papers for the inspectors: "China's constitutional government outline should absorb the directors of Western and Eastern countries" and "Implementing constitutional government procedures" ".Not only that, he also invited Liang Qichao to write an article "Comparison of Constitutional Governments in Eastern and Western Countries", which won him a big name and became a well-known "constitutional government expert" at that time. In the spring of 1908, under the joint sponsorship of Minister of Military Aircraft Zhang Zhidong and Yuan Shikai, Yang Du went to Beijing to serve as a candidate for the constitutional editorial office (fourth grade candidate).Soon, Yang Du became the head of the Bureau of Statistics in the "Royal Cabinet". Unfortunately, the good times didn't last long. With the sound of the Wuchang Revolution, Yang Du's official career disappeared in smoke.Although Yuan Shikai, who came to power later, admired Yang Du quite a lot, he never gave him a chance to display his talents, and Yang Du could only lean on the door and flick his teeth in such vacant positions as "consultant" and "participating in politics". When Xiong Xiling formed the cabinet, he thought of his old friend for a while. He said to Yang Du: "Please help Xizi, how about submitting to the head of education?" Yang Du said angrily: "I only help, not idle!" Duben intended to be nominated as the Chief of Communications, but he didn't want to be squeezed out because of the political struggle and balance of power among the various factions.He despises such an idle job. After looking around, Yang Du found painfully that Liang Shiyi, the Great God of Wealth, who had been in trouble with him, had already sat firmly in the position of Secretary-General of the Presidential Palace and became President Yuan's celebrity; He is still sitting on the cold bench to participate in politics, he is really envious and angry. Fortunately, the situation has changed at this time. The chaos in the early years of the Republic of China made some people miss their former monarchy after being helpless. Unfortunately, President Yuan was one of them.Yang Du, who has always been sensitive to politics, naturally sensed the direction of the wind, and he happened to be a die-hard supporter of constitutional monarchy.Although China has achieved a republic for three years, Yang Du does not think that a republic is a good system. In his eyes, the most suitable path for China is still a constitutional monarchy. In the summer of 1915, after Goodnow, an American adviser in the presidential palace, published the article "Theory of the Imperial Republic", Yang Du took the opportunity to throw out his ten thousand-word essay "On the Salvation of the Country by the Monarch Constitution", which openly stated: "The majority of the Chinese people do not know What is a republic... When the monarch is gone, the prestige of the central government is far less than before, and the land is scattered and uncontrollable. No matter who is the head of state, there is no other way than to use dictatorship for unified administration and domestic security.... In a word It is said: "The republic of China cannot be governed without despotism"; "The hopelessness of prosperity and constitutionalism is all due to the republic... If you want to save the nation, go to the republic first... If you want to establish a constitution, you must first seek the monarch"; "If China does not abolish the republic, it will be established For a monarch, there is no hope for a strong country, no hope for a rich country, no hope for a constitution, and ultimately the country will be destroyed... Therefore, using the power of autocracy to implement the cause of constitution is an excellent opportunity for a sage and hero to make great achievements." When Yuan Shikai saw Yang Du's majestic writing, he couldn't help clapping his legs and exclaimed: "It's really a talent of a long period!" Afterwards, Yuan Shikai personally inscribed the four characters of "a talent of a long period", and handed it over to the Zhengshitang to make a plaque. Someone sent it to Yang Du.After Yang Du received the plaque, he was even more surprised and delighted. He immediately posted a thank-you letter, saying that he was "insignificant, and absurdly participated in public opinion", while the president "has faced difficulties alone, and worked hard to eliminate dangers." I am willing to dedicate myself to serve the country with "the rest of my life in sorrow". Yang Du is not only a theorist, he is also a doer. On August 14, 1915, Yang Du recruited Sun Yuyun, Yan Fu, Liu Shipei, Li Xiehe, and Hu Ying to establish the Chou An Association, advocating a constitutional monarchy and advocating the monarchy. It was known as the "Six Gentlemen of Chou An" in history. In previous history, there were two groups of well-known "Six Gentlemen". One was the "Six Gentlemen" such as Zuo Guangdou who opposed Wei Zhongxian, the eunuch of the Ming Dynasty and was persecuted; Six Gentlemen".Yang Du, these dear friends, it is appropriate to call them the "Gang of the Imperial Six". What virtue and ability do they have, can they be worthy of the title of "Six Gentlemen"?It must be irony. Although Yang Du and others claim to be an academic group and use "patriotic enthusiasm" as a cover, not all people in the world are fools. Although the "heart of the six gentlemen" is not obvious in the sun and the moon, it is well known to passers-by.As soon as this article came out, Liang Qichao, a former friend, called him a "shameless, wriggling coward", and Cai E, who often went to Yang Du's apartment in Japan, also called Yang Du and six others when he rebelled against Yuan. "Ming canonical punishment, in order to thank the world"! Even Yang Du's teacher, Wang Kaiyun, saw that Yuan Shikai's tricks could not go on. He resigned from his position in the National History Museum and went back to his hometown, still going back to his hometown in Hunan to eat old rice.Before leaving Beijing, Yang Du came to see him off, the old man grabbed Yang Du's hand and sighed: "You better talk less!" Under the double blow of Liang Qichao's pen and Cai E's gun, the Hongxian Monarchy announced its collapse in less than half a year.It is said that Yuan Shikai once said to the people around him before his death: "Yang Du, Yang Du, you misunderstood me!" At the memorial service, Yang Du wrote an elegiac couplet to Yuan Shikai, not only regretting him, but also defending himself: Up to this point, Yang Du still didn't think he was wrong.At that time, a reporter came to interview him and wanted to ask him how he felt about the failure of advocating the monarchy. Yang Du replied in a very serene and firm tone: "Although my political ideas have failed, my idea of ​​a constitutional monarchy has failed." It is unshakable. Ten years ago, when I was in Tokyo, Japan, Huang Xing and Sun Yat-sen advocated a republican revolution. I disagreed. I thought republics had shortcomings. Liang Qichao and I were old friends. At first he also advocated a constitutional monarchy, but later, He changed his mind again. I never changed." Cai E, who had a glorious moment in the War to Protect the Country, also died young due to a throat disease shortly after Yuan Shikai's death.What made Yang Du sad is that Cai E specifically mentioned his old friend in his will: "Yang Du, a native of Hunan, once advocated "Theory of Saving the Country with the Constitution of the Monarch" and attached Yuan to carry out his ambitions. Those who are honored cannot be the same as Japanese. I hope that the government will cherish talents for the country and invite you to be lenient!" Wang Kaiyun recorded in his diary: "Disciple Yang Du, a book idiot who claims he is not an idiot, only gets scolded." After Yuan Shikai's death, the successor President Li Yuanhong issued an order to punish the culprit of the imperial system, and Yang Du ranked first.However, most of the arrest warrants in the Beiyang period were not taken seriously, and no one seriously pursued them, so Yang Du avoided disaster and moved into the Tianjin Concession to study behind closed doors.In this regard, Zhang Xun, the commander-in-chief, stood up and said something fair for Yang Du: "Monarchy and democracy have different opinions, and they all express their own opinions. The chief culprit, how can success or failure be the balance." Not only that, Zhang Xun also wrote in his own hand. He sent a letter to Yang Du to express his sympathy. One year later (1917), this old man with big braids finally did a major event that shocked China and foreign countries, known in history as "the restoration of Zhang Xun".However, Zhang Xun is a brave and foolhardy warrior who acts so recklessly and carelessly. The short-lived farce he directed can only completely destroy Yang Du's "junxian ideal" in the end. For this reason, Yang Du ignored Zhang Xun's sympathy and pity when he was down and down, and published an open telegram called "Against Zhang Xun's Restoration": "Du believed in a constitutional monarchy all his life... but he tried to think carefully and changed from a republic to an The monarch, the power is basically equal to the countercurrent, it must be carried out in an innovative form and the spirit of evolution, so as to attract the sympathy of Chinese and foreign people, seek the common understanding of the people of the country, and make the whole world know that it is for the security of a country, not for the sake of one surname Restoration... The public is equal to the beginning of the restoration. It is not called the Chinese Empire, but the Qing Empire. It is a mistake;... Such a perverted action will only harm the country and clean up the house. In fact, it is righteous and dare not do it. The republic of procedures is like a group of children making fire, and the restoration of unconsciousness is like the restoration of boxers. The two evils are in power, and it is really slow..." Obviously, Yang Du still believed that the constitutional monarchy was the best medicine to save the country, but he had to point out painfully that the stupid and perverse actions of Zhang Xun and others could only make "the holy monarchy constitutional, after this sacrifice, there will never be one." Goodbye day".At the end of the telegram, Yang Du told the world of his grief and indignation: "Du is sad and desperate, and there is no way to save the country. From then on, he has been scattered into the mountains, and he does not want to hear about world affairs." In the turbulent meeting, the demons danced wildly, Yang Dukong possessed the imperial art and the idea of ​​governing the country, and finally fell into disrepair because of this short-lived restoration, and he will never ask again.The disheartened Yang Du escaped into Buddhism, and turned to rethink and reflect on his life in Buddhism.Since then, there was one less politician in the political arena of the Republic of China, and one more "Zen Master Tiger" in the Buddhist circle. Xia Shoutian, a good friend for many years, served as an internal historian during the Hongxian monarchy, and was also wanted by the new government after Yuan Shikai's restoration failed. At this time, he changed to the channel, and the two often sang together.In the seventh year of the Republic of China (1918), after the arrest of the imperialists was lifted, Yang Du and Xia Shoutian came to Taoranting's Jiangting for the third time, and Yang Du wrote another inscription: Although Yang Du wanted to learn Buddhism, he still couldn't let go of his ambition to save the world.In his study room, there are six self-written and self-mounted sentences hanging, saying: "Enter the world at will, full of scars, have nothing to do but save the world, have no intentions except compassion, willing to be a doctor, and heal all diseases." , unconsciously said with a smile: "You are really a political monk. While studying Buddhism, you still never forget the real world!" During the warlord era, Yang Du once served as an aide to the Shandong warlord Zhang Zongchang, and made a lot of jokes.Zhang Zongchang often calls himself Liu Bang (the man who peed in the Confucian crown), the great ancestor of the Han Dynasty, and his favorite opera calls Yang Du Zhang Liang.Yang Du once said with a smile: "The ancestor of the Han Dynasty can serve meritorious men, but the father can only serve meritorious dogs. Of course I am not good enough to be Zhang Liang, and the father is not comparable to Henkel." Zhang Zongchang said: "Then you are a meritorious dog. ?” After that, General Dog Meat laughed out loud.The funniest thing is that Zhang Zongchang used Yang Du as his counselor, and he often called Yang a "counselor with sheep belly", and some people matched him with "general dog meat", which is definitely "right". Later, when the Northern Expedition started, Yang Du secretly informed Zhang Zongchang to join the Kuomintang to avoid being wiped out.After Zhang Xueliang learned of this, he asked Zhang Zongchang: "I heard that Xiongtai wants to become the Kuomintang. Is there such a thing?" Zhang Zongchang said in amazement: "Yes, there is. This is what Yang Du taught me." Zhang Xueliang said dissatisfied : "My father has an old relationship with Mr. Zhongshan, and we should act in unison with the Kuomintang. Now that the Northern Expeditionary soldiers have not yet crossed the river and are separated from each other, people will despise me. Moreover, my father is the leader of our group. Such matters should be made by my father, which is in line with the rules. " Zhang Zongchang knew he had made a slip of the tongue, so he had no choice but to agree. At this time, Xue Dake from Hunan was also present, so Zhang Xueliang turned his head and said to him: "Please send a message to Xizi (that is, Yang Du). If he talks again, I will ask for his head." He scolded Zhang Zongchang for not being able to conspire, and then fled overnight.Before long, the Northern Expeditionary Army swept across North China like a storm. Zhang Zongchang suffered a crushing defeat and finally fled to Dongying. After the Northern Expedition, Yang Du lived in Shanghai and became a "clearer" under Du Yuesheng's family.Du Yuesheng respected Yang Du very much, but Yang Du didn't take it seriously when the Shanghai tabloid said that he was Du Yuesheng's apprentice: "I have never handed over the post, and I have never lit incense candles. I call him Mr. Du, and he calls me Xizixiong, to be honest. , I'm not the Green Gang, I'm just a cleanup." However, during the White Terror period in 1929, Yang Du used his identity as a "clearer" to cover up many Communists and applied to join the Communist Party of China.Yang Du's joining the party was a secret. It was introduced by Pan Hannian, approved by Wu Hao (that is, Zhou Enlai), and contacted by Xia Yan through a single line.Someone once ridiculed Yang Du for speculating and changing, and he retorted: "Nowadays the white terror, why speculate?" Yang Du's identity as a member of the Communist Party has always been unknown, and it was not made public until more than forty years later. In the winter of 1975, when Zhou Enlai was seriously ill, he specifically mentioned that when revising the "Ci Hai", Yang Du's joining the Communist Party in his later years must be included, and he said: "He joined the Communist Party in his later years, under my leadership, until he dies." Yang Du died in the 20th year of the Republic of China (1931) and was buried in Shanghai Foreign Cemetery.Before his death, Yang Du, who was always good at writing elegiac couplets, also prepared a copy for himself: "The true way of the emperor is now a thing of the past; healing the people and saving the country will have successors." During the Anti-Japanese War, Yang Du's tomb was once moved to the gate of Yinchun Temple No. 13, Caobaozhi Road, Huxi, but it was severely damaged during the "Cultural Revolution". After the "Cultural Revolution", under the care of the old comrade Xia Yan , was moved to the west side of Soong Ching Ling Mausoleum on Hongqiao Road.Fortunately, the tombstone is still the one written by Xia Shoutian after the catastrophe, but he was worried that most people no longer knew who "Yang Xizi" was, so the relevant departments specially asked Zhao Puchu to inscribe "Yang Duzhi's Tomb" on the tombstone. "Four large characters. A desolate person in troubled times, a child with a lonely heart; everyone is cloudy and childish, who can understand the meaning?Sometimes history flies really fast... I don’t know that "Yang Xizi" is "Yang Du", but do I know that "Yang Du" is "Yang Du", and his broken ideal?