Chapter 45 45. The mysterious representative of the Communist International

In November 1935, the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China had lost contact with the Communist International for a year and three months. Before the Long March, the radio station of the Central Revolutionary Military Commission in Ruijin was not powerful enough, so it had to rely on the radio station of the Shanghai Central Bureau of the Communist Party of China to communicate with the Communist International indirectly. On August 16, 1934, the Shanghai Central Bureau sent the last telegram to the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China in Ruijin. After that, the Communist Party organizations and radio stations in Shanghai were destroyed, and the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China lost contact with the Communist International.

After the Zunyi Conference, in order to report the details of the Zunyi Conference to the Comintern, the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China decided to send Pan Hannian as a liaison officer, and transferred to Shanghai to report to Moscow. In early June 1935, after the Red Army occupied Luding Bridge, the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China held a meeting and decided to send Chen Yun and others as representatives of the Central Committee to carry the radio codes to Shanghai to restore the party's work in the White Area and re-establish the telecommunication connection between the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China and the Communist International.

One day in November 1936, Zhang Wentian suddenly received a phone call from Guo Hongtao, Deputy Secretary of the Shanxi-Gansu-Jinxi Provincial Party Committee in Wayaobao: The party organization in Dingbian County, Gansu Province, hundreds of miles away, had just sent a telegram saying that there was a A small businessman named Zhang Hao, wearing a sheepskin coat and carrying a peddler's burden, asked to meet with the leaders of the party and the Red Army.Guo Hongtao didn't know who Zhang Hao was.After Zhang Wentian heard this, he also felt puzzled. He didn't know who this Zhang Hao was, but he felt that this person must have a history.He brought Li Weihan and others to discuss it, and everyone was guessing that this mysterious "Zhang Hao" was probably a comrade who had returned from the Communist International.So they sent a telegram to the party organization in Dingbian County, asking them to take good care of this man named "Zhang Hao".

In mid-November, under the escort of the Red Guards of Dingbian County, this man named "Zhang Hao" arrived safely at Wayaobao, the seat of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China.As soon as Zhang Wentian saw him, he immediately went up to meet him, and the two embraced tightly, so excited that they couldn't say a word for a while.It turned out that this mysterious representative of the Communist International was none other than the familiar Lin Yuying, the cousin of Lin Biao (formerly known as Lin Yurong). Lin Yuying's life was full of legends. Lin Yuying, born in 1897 in Linjiaranpuwan, Huanggang County, Hubei Province, is one of the outstanding leaders of the labor movement in my country.

In February 1922, introduced by Yun Daiying and his younger brother Lin Yunan, Lin Yuying joined the Communist Party of China and became one of the earliest workers' members of the Communist Party of China.Lin Yuying and others raised funds to establish Liqun Towel Factory in Wuchang.The factory became the contact point of the Chinese Communist Party in Wuhan. After the May 30th Movement in 1925, Lin Yuying ended her studies at the Eastern University of the Soviet Union and returned to Shanghai to lead the labor movement. On the afternoon of December 6, 1925, in the square in front of Dongfang University on Qingyun Road, Zhabei District, Shanghai, workers, students, and citizens held a rally of thousands of people to support the revolution in the capital.Suddenly hundreds of heavily armed soldiers and police surrounded the venue.The meeting decided to hold a parade of 10,000 people.Lin Yuying led the workers from the Hudong District to the front of the team and rushed out of the encirclement of the military and police.The distraught military police opened fire, and Lin Yuying calmly directed the workers to take the guns from the military police.He, who took the lead, had a hole more than an inch wide opened on the top of his head by the enemy's bayonet, bleeding profusely.In order to prevent the parade from being dispersed, Lin Yuying struggled to get onto the rostrum, raised her arms and shouted: "Go! Go! Go!..." Before finishing speaking, she fainted.The crowd carried Lin Yuying, whose head was covered with blood, and rushed towards the military police, who were so frightened that they were at a loss and retreated step by step.The parade team rushed out of the encirclement of the military and police, and marched mightily on the streets of Shanghai. The slogans of "Down with Duan Qirui's government!" and "Call the National Assembly!" shocked the whole Shanghai.

Lin Yuying escaped by being sent to the hospital for emergency treatment, but since then she has suffered from frequent headaches. In 1928, the Party Central Committee sent Lin Yuying to Anyuan to form the Hunan Provincial Party Committee together with He Chang and Teng Daiyuan.He served as member of the Standing Committee of the Provincial Party Committee and Secretary of the Workers Committee. On July 22, Peng Dehuai, Teng Daiyuan, and Huang Gonglue led the Pingjiang Uprising.Most of the comrades of the Provincial Party Committee left Hunan, leaving only Lin Yuying to continue to be in charge of liaison work in Anyuan.A large number of enemy soldiers and policemen came to search, and Lin Yuying, who was astute, shaved off her hair and went to the temple to become a monk.The old monk in the temple knew that the fake monk was a member of the Communist Party. When the enemy came to search, the old monk hid Lin Yuying under the melon shed, thus avoiding the enemy's search.Then the old monk covered Lin Yuying and left Anyuan safely.Lin Yuying, who was penniless, dressed up as an ascetic monk and begged for alms along the way.After more than a month of trekking, I finally arrived in Shanghai.

In 1930, Lin Yuying led the labor movement in Northeast China.In order to contact the masses and deal with the enemy, he blackened his face with soot and worked with the workers.Betrayed by traitors, Lin Yuying and other 34 people were imprisoned by the Japanese invaders.The Japanese believed that he was the leading Communist Party member, wanted to open a gap from him, and used various tortures on him.Under the inhuman torture, Lin Yuying was already skinny and dying.But he did not waver in his revolutionary belief and strictly guarded the party's secrets. In 1932, Lin Yuying was released from prison and returned to Shanghai to work in the All-China Federation of Trade Unions.

In 1933, Lin Yuying was sent to Moscow as a member of the CCP delegation to the Communist International and a representative of the All-China Federation of Trade Unions in the Red Workers International. In July 1935, the Communist International held its Seventh Congress and decided to establish a world anti-fascist people's united front.Lin Yuying participated in the meeting and participated in the formulation of the strategic route.He is one of the drafters of the "August 1 Declaration" of the Communist Party of China. In August 1935, Chen Yun arrived in Moscow and reported to the Communist International the situation of the Long March of the Red Army of Chinese Workers and Peasants.In order to convey the spirit of the Seventh Congress of the Communist International to the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China and restore the relationship between the Communist International and the Communist Party of China, the Communist International and the Chinese Communist Party delegation to the Communist International decided to send a comrade back to China.After careful selection, Lin Yuying became the best candidate to complete this important task.To be on the safe side, Lin Yuying gave herself the pseudonym "Zhang Hao".On the way back to China, Lin Yuying dressed up as a small businessman returning from Mongolia, endured hunger, ate and slept in the open, crossed the desert, and arrived in the Shaanxi-Gansu Border Region in November.

In Wayaobao, Lin Yuying met Zhang Wentian, Bo Gu, Liu Shaoqi, Li Weihan and others who were in charge of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China.When someone asked Lin Yuying how he came back, Lin Yuying, who didn't like publicity, only said lightly, "Take a car if you have a car, walk without a car", without mentioning the difficulty of traveling thousands of miles.How Lin Yuying crossed the vast thousands of miles of desert is now impossible to investigate. On December 8, Zhou Enlai returned to Wayaobao and had a long talk with Lin Yuying.Mao Zedong, who had just finished commanding the battle of Zhiluo Town, heard that Lin Yuying was coming, so he was very happy to call the central government and asked to meet Lin Yuying at Ansai between Zhiluo Town and Wayaobao.Mao Zedong was impatient, he arrived at Ansai first, and found that Lin Yuying and the others hadn't arrived yet, so impatient he rushed to Wayaobao.Unexpectedly, as soon as he left, Zhang Wentian and Lin Yuying rushed to Ansai.After learning about the situation, the two of them rode back to Wayaobao overnight.

From December 17th to 25th, the Political Bureau of the Central Committee held an enlarged meeting of the Political Bureau in Wayaobao.At the meeting, Lin Yuying conveyed the spirit of the Seventh Congress of the Communist International and described the formulation of the "August 1st Declaration".The Wayaobao Conference determined the policy of establishing the broadest anti-Japanese national united front, and put forward the slogan of "People's Republic" instead of "Republic of Workers and Peasants".At the same time, the meeting also determined that since Lin Yuying had brought back the code for communicating with the Comintern, "it will take six months (February to July) to complete the communication with the Soviet Union."The convening of the Wayaobao Conference heralds that the Chinese revolution will enter a new stage.

Mao Zedong, Zhang Wentian and other central leaders decided that Lin Yuying would do Zhang Guotao's work in a special capacity as a representative of the Communist International, so as to get him to go north.Lin Yuying's "telegram offensive" thus started. Around December 16, Lin Yuying sent the first telegram to Zhu De and Zhang Guotao, informing him of his arrival in northern Shaanxi. After receiving Lin Yuying's telegram, Zhang Guotao, who was being tortured by the failure of going south, was a little ecstatic.He is very familiar with Lin Yuying, they are old friends and colleagues.Together they led the labor movement as early as 1922.Zhang Guotao believes that he has finally found an opportunity to sue the Communist International.So he replied to the telegram in the name of the "Party Central Committee", accusing Lin Yuying of the six "crimes" of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China.Lin Yuying read Zhang Guotao's reply and felt that the situation was serious, and the contradictions and differences within the party far exceeded his original imagination. On December 22, Lin Yuying replied to Zhang Guotao, conveying the spirit of the Seventh National Congress of the Communist International and the new strategy of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China to establish an anti-fascist united front. and the International. I think these issues can be satisfactorily resolved at the International and the Seventh Congress.” He suggested: First, the debate within the party should not be sharpened at present.Second, Zhang Guotao could follow the example of the Northern Bureau, Shanghai Bureau, and Guangzhou Bureau of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China, or be directly under the Central Committee, or be managed by the Chinese Communist Party's delegation to the Communist International. Lin Yuying's call had a great influence on the Fourth Red Army, and Zhang Guotao had to relax his restraint and control over Zhu De. On December 30, Zhu De sent a telegram to Lin Yuying, calling on the First Red Army and the Fourth Front Army to strengthen contact, especially to increase the intensity of information exchange.This is the first telegram sent by Zhu De in his own name since the grass split.Mao Zedong was very excited after reading the telegram. On New Year’s Day in 1936, he telegraphed back to Zhu De: We have not only contacted the Northern Bureau and the Shanghai Bureau, but also the Communist International; your development policy should be reported to the Central Committee at any time for approval; Controversies over the past within the party can be resolved by the Communist International and the Seventh National Congress of the party, but the organization must not go beyond the track. Zhang Guotao was very dissatisfied with Mao Zedong's telegram. On January 6, 1936, in the name of the "Party Central Committee", he sent Lin Yuying a telegram criticizing Mao Zedong and others' so-called anti-Party opportunist line, slandering Mao Zedong and others for splitting the party. On January 16, Lin Yuying called Zhang Guotao again: The Communist International sent me to solve the problem of the first and fourth front armies. I have met with Comrade Mao Zedong and asked the first and fourth front armies that there are very few calls; If there are any telegrams that need to be submitted to the International, I can deliver them on my behalf; also, I participated in the Seventh Congress of the Communist International, and the Communist International has new opinions on China issues, and I am going to convey them to you. However, Zhang Guotao insisted on his wrong opinion. In his reply message, he said that the resolution of the Zunyi meeting should not be recognized, and that what should be abolished should not be his second "Central Committee", but the "fake Central Committee" of the CPC Central Committee.Principles must be adhered to. On January 22, the Political Bureau of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China made the "Decision on Comrade Zhang Guotao Establishing a Second "Central Committee", ordering Zhang Guotao to immediately cancel his "Central Committee", give up all anti-Party tendencies, and decided to announce it within the party. On September 12, 1935, the Political Bureau of the Central Committee made the "Central Committee's Wrong Decision on Comrade Zhang Guotao" in the Russian circle. On January 23, Lin Yuying sent a very important telegram to Zhang Guotao and Zhu De: For Zhang Guotao, this telegram was tantamount to a slap in the face.The meaning of the telegram is very clear: the Communist International does not recognize Zhang Guotao's "Central Committee", denies Zhang Guotao's accusation of the Central Committee's so-called escape idea, affirms the victory of the Central Red Army's Long March, and supports the political line of the CPC Central Committee; at the same time, it also gives Zhang Guotao a step down, temporarily It may not be managed directly by the central government.More and more officers and soldiers of the Fourth Red Army realized the correctness of the Central Committee's policy of going north, and even Chen Changhao began to change his attitude, expressing his obedience to the decision of the Communist International.Zhang Guotao, who was at the end of his journey to the south, knew that if this stalemate continued, he would face an unmanageable situation of being besieged on all sides. At the end of January 1936, Zhang Guotao presided over the Renjiaba meeting.Participants supported the spirit of the Wayaobao meeting of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China.Zhang Guotao had to say that he agreed with the party's anti-Japanese national united front policy.At the same time, he made all kinds of sophistry about his mistakes.After the meeting, Zhang Guotao wrote to the Sichuan warlords, wanting to form a united front with them, but the Sichuan warlords ignored him. On January 27, Zhang Guotao sent two consecutive telegrams to the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China, expressing his agreement in principle to the resolution of the Wayaobao meeting of the Political Bureau of the Central Committee, and put forward several supplementary opinions. Still use the name of Chairman Mao." At this time, he reluctantly recognized the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China, and he no longer dared to call himself the "Central Committee". On February 14, Lin Yuying and Zhang Wentian jointly sent a telegram to Zhu De and Zhang Guotao: "When Yuying left, Comrade Stalin agreed that the main Red Army could develop to the northwest and north, and they did not object to approaching the Soviet Union." The one-step action provides three alternative plans. The first plan is to go north to Shaanxi and Gansu, and the Red Fourth Front Army and the Red Second and Sixth Army Corps will jointly advance northward. The second plan is to develop locally, and the third plan is to go south. Turned to fight, and thought that the first plan was the best policy. The senior cadres of the Red Fourth Army immediately held a meeting to study, and unanimously approved the plan to go north to Shaanxi and Gansu.Zhang Guotao ran into a wall when he went south, and seeing that Stalin agreed that the main Red Army would approach the Soviet Union, so that he could obtain advanced Soviet weapons. The "telegram offensive" of Lin Yuying, Zhang Wentian, Mao Zedong and others has achieved remarkable results. On June 3, 1936, the Fourth Front Army of the Red Army and the leading troops of the Second and Sixth Red Army joined forces near Litang. On June 6, at Luhuo Shouling Temple, Zhang Guotao had to announce the cancellation of his second "central government", and the farce of Zhuomu Diao's "adding the body in yellow robes" finally came to an end. After the outbreak of the Anti-Japanese War, Lin Yuying served as the political commissar of the 129th Division of the Eighth Route Army.Because of his overwork and lack of physical strength, the Party Central Committee decided to transfer him back to Yan'an to do labor movement work, and Deng Xiaoping took over as political commissar of the 129th Division. In 1940, Lin Yuying had a sudden cerebral hemorrhage.Before his death, Lin Yuying requested that he be buried in Taohualing, Yan'an.Taohualing is across the river from Yangjialing, the office of Mao Zedong and other central leaders.Lin Yuying said affectionately: "I want to watch the Party Central Committee and Chairman Mao every day." The Central Committee agreed to his request, and Mao Zedong said earnestly: "Let Comrade Zhang Hao supervise us every day." On March 6, 1942, Lin Yuying died of illness. On March 9, Mao Zedong, Zhu De, Ren Bishi, Xu Teli and other central leaders personally carried Comrade Lin Yuying's coffin, held the rope, and buried him on the top of Taohualing Mountain.This was the only time in Mao Zedong's life that someone carried a coffin.