Chapter 20 7. Absurd Offensive - The Fifth Anti-"Encirclement and Suppression" Campaign

At the beginning of 1933, Shanghai's temporary central government moved to the central base.The provisional central government headed by Bogu was dazzled by the victory of the fourth anti-"encirclement and suppression" campaign, and the Soviet military adviser Otto Braun (that is, Li De) was invited from thousands of miles away.The 26-year-old interim head of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China suddenly became hot-headed. At the meeting of the Central Bureau of the Communist Party of China Soviet Area, Bogu said: "The collapse and bankruptcy of the Kuomintang's rule is not far away. In order to meet the requirements of the revolutionary climax, the party must Launch the Bolshevik offensive on all fronts to quickly transform the revolutionary situation into a victorious revolution, strive for the victory of the democratic dictatorship of the workers and peasants in the whole of China and the rapid transformation to the dictatorship of the proletariat." For this reason, he demanded: "All Soviet areas in China create A Red Army of one million iron, to fight against the imperialist Kuomintang army." And this action was taken as the party's offensive line.Moreover, it must be "tenacious, resolute and tireless, and swift and quick to fight for the full realization of this offensive line."Some participants had long-term revolutionary struggle experience and put forward different opinions.Bo Gujing called them "opportunistic retreat and escape routes towards liquidationism".

Immediately afterwards, Bo Gu and others rejected Mao Zedong in military command, and instead of Zhu De, Zhou Enlai, Liu Bocheng and others, Li De took command of the Red Army. In June 1933, the Central Revolutionary Military Commission issued an order to adjust the formation of the Red Front Army and revoke the first-level designation of the army.The former Third Army, Fourth Army, Twenty-second Army and Ruijin Model Division of the Red First Army were reorganized into the 1st, 2nd, and 3rd divisions.The original Fifth Army, Seventh Army, and Twenty-first Army of the Red Army were reorganized into the 4th, 5th, and 6th Divisions respectively.The original Thirteenth Army and the Fifteenth Army of the Fifth Red Army were reorganized into the 13th and 15th Divisions respectively, and the 34th Division was added later.Dong Zhentang is still the commander of the Fifth Army Corps, and Zhu Rui is the political commissar.Li Qingyun (later Chen Bojun), the commander of the 13th Division, and Song Renqiong, the political commissar; Chen Guang, the commander of the 15th Division, Xiao Hua, the political commissar; Zhou Zikun, the commander of the 34th Division, and Zeng Risan, the political commissar.

Less than three months after this reorganization, Chiang Kai-shek gathered another 1 million troops and more than 200 aircraft, and started the fifth large-scale "encirclement and suppression" campaign against various revolutionary base areas, which was also the most fully prepared "encirclement and suppression" campaign by Chiang Kai-shek.As early as May, Chiang visited Nanchang in person, and set up a Nanchang camp in Nanchang, the chairman of the military committee with full authority to deal with military and political affairs in the five provinces of Jiangxi, Guangdong, Fujian, Hunan, and Hubei. Five times of "encirclement and suppression".And decided to adopt a new strategy of "protracted war" and "fortressism", and at the same time imposed an economic and traffic blockade on the Soviet area, in an attempt to gradually compress and destroy the Soviet area.In the summer and autumn of that year, Chiang Kai-shek borrowed heavily from the United States, Britain, Germany, Italy and other countries to purchase arms and hire military consultants and experts; plan and step up preparations for "encirclement and suppression".It directly used 500,000 troops to attack the Central Soviet Area.The specific deployment is: Gu Zhutong, commander-in-chief of the North Route Army, commanded the 1st, 2nd, and 3rd Route Army, including 33 divisions and 3 brigades.The 4 divisions and 2 brigades of the 1st Route Army are located in Jishui, Xingan (now Xingan), Yongfeng, Le'an, and Yihuang areas; the 6 divisions of the 2nd Route Army are located in Jinxi, Tengqiao, and Chongren areas; The 18 divisions and 1 supplementary brigade of the 3rd Route Army, under the command of Chen Cheng, were the main forces of the "encirclement and suppression" campaign, which were assembled in the Nancheng, Nanfeng, and Linchuan areas.The task of the Northern Route Army is: from north to south, build a blockade blockade and implement the main attack on the Central Soviet Area.With the support of the 1st and 2nd Route Army, the 3rd Route Army advanced towards Guangchang, seeking a decisive battle for the main force of the Red Army; the 2 divisions directly commanded by the General Headquarters of the North Route Army guarded Ji'an, Taihe and other places on the west bank of the Ganjiang River , Cooperate with the West Route Army to maintain the traffic on the Ganjiang River; the 3 divisions of the General Reserve are located near Fuzhou (now Linchuan).Chen Jitang, commander-in-chief of the Southern Route Army, commanded 11 divisions and 1 brigade, built blockhouses to defend the Wuping, Anyuan, Ganxian, and Shangyou areas, prevented the Red Army from maneuvering southward, and moved forward to Yunmenling and Huichang to cooperate with the Northern Route Army. .He Jian, the commander-in-chief of the West Route Army, had 9 divisions and 3 brigades, and 5 divisions and 4 security regiments of the Zhejiang-Jiangxi-Fujian border guards respectively "encircled and suppressed" the Red Army in the Hunan-Jiangxi, Hunan-Hubei-Jiangxi, and Fujian-Zhejiang-Jiangsu Soviet areas. Prevent the Red Army from maneuvering to the west of the Ganjiang River and northeast of Jiangxi.Cai Tingkai, the commander-in-chief of the 19th Route Army, commanded 6 divisions and 2 brigades, responsible for the defense of Fujian, and prevented the Red Army from moving eastward.Five brigades of the Air Force are deployed in Nanchang, Linchuan, Nancheng and other places to support ground forces in operations.

In the face of a strong enemy, the Provisional Central Committee of the Communist Party of China headed by Bogu carried out Wang Ming's "Left" line, which completely negated Comrade Mao Zedong's correct military line. They denied the fundamental fact that the enemy is strong and we are weak, overestimating themselves, and overestimating Underestimate the enemy and continue to pursue the "offensive line" of adventurism.Li De, who had just arrived at the meeting, even proposed at the meeting that "the golden age of guerrilla warfare has passed, and the Marxism-Leninism in the valley should be put away. It is necessary to get rid of the outdated things in the past and establish a new set of principles. Now the Red Army should attack from all directions. The attack disrupted the KMT's deployment of 'encirclement and suppression'".Under the guidance of this extremely wrong point of view, the soldiers and civilians in the Soviet area are stepping into danger step by step.

On July 1, 1933, in accordance with the instructions of the Provisional Central Committee, the Central Revolutionary Military Commission issued the "Instructions on the Composition, Cadres, and Command Relations of the Eastern Army", officially ordering the Third Army and the Nineteenth Division of the Red Front Army to form the Eastern Army. military.Peng Dehuai was appointed concurrently as the commander of the Eastern Army, Teng Daiyuan as the political commissar, and Yuan Guoping as the director of the Political Department. The mission of the Eastern Army is to enter Fujian to fight, and strive to deal a serious blow to the Kuomintang's 19th Route Army within two months, and at the same time rapidly expand its troops, and then attack Fuzhou together with the troops remaining on the northern front, and attack Nanchang.This wrong decision divided the main Red Army into two parts. As a result, the Red Army failed to achieve major victories in both the Fujian and Jiangxi battlefields.What's more serious is that the 19th Route Army of the Kuomintang was transferred to Fujian Province shortly after the battle with the Japanese army in Shanghai, and it was an army that firmly advocated resistance to Japan.Due to Chiang Kai-shek's resolute resistance, he was ordered by Chiang Yizhi to be transferred to Fujian to participate in the encirclement and suppression of the Red Army. His leader Cai Tingkai did not want to be an enemy of the Red Army at all, and he was determined to oppose Chiang.Under such circumstances, the Nineteenth Route Army should have adopted a policy of focusing on fighting for it. However, under the wrong guidance of the left-leaning closed-door doctrine, the Eastern Army still implemented a policy of attacking the Nineteenth Route Army.The Red Army not only brought adverse political consequences, but also weakened the strength of both sides, making the Red Army lose the best time to prepare for Chiang Kai-shek's fifth "encirclement and suppression".Jiang Jun took this opportunity to complete the siege of the bunkers in the Central Soviet Area.

Chairman Mao later criticized this and said: "The result is that one fist is useless, and the other fist is very tired." The army launched an attack on Lichuan from Nancheng and saltpeter, captured Lichuan, an important town in the northeast of the Central Soviet Area, and officially started the fifth "encirclement and suppression" of the Central Revolutionary Base. Under the massive attack of the enemy's superior forces, Bo Gu, Li De and others completely abandoned the previous combat principles of the Red Army and pursued military adventurism.They put forward the wrong policy of "defending the enemy outside the country's gates", demanding that the Red Army not give up every inch of land in the Soviet area and defeat the enemy outside the Soviet area.According to the combat order issued by the headquarters, the Red Fifth Army fought continuously for 2 months. After going through the battles of Xunkou and Nitre, not only failed to annihilate and stop the enemy, but lost several places. The troops were very exhausted. At present, the attack of the Fifth Army appeared to be very passive, and the troops suffered heavy casualties.

On October 17, 1933, the Kuomintang army continued to build a blockade blockade, and advanced to the Tantou and Zixi Bridge lines with six divisions and one brigade in an attempt to attract the Red Army to attack and then fight a decisive battle with it.Under such circumstances, the Red Army should have retreated decisively to avoid the enemy's edge, and then looked for opportunities to wipe out the enemy all the way, but the "left" adventurists ordered the main Red Army to prepare for a decisive battle with the enemy in the Zixi Bridge area. On October 22, the Red First Army, mainly the Fifth Army, launched a fierce attack on Zixi Bridge and Tantou. The Red Third Army deployed in the Shixia and Xunkou lines, and the Red First Army assembled in the Hufang area, prepared to attack. When the enemy is drawn, attack it violently.After the battle began, the 13th Division of the Fifth Army Corps first launched several attacks on the enemy's Tianzun Temple position, but it failed. They re-attacked at night and still failed to capture it.The next morning, the Red Thirteenth Division continued to attack the enemy's fifth division headquarters violently, but failed to win.After fighting for two days, although the troops suffered heavy casualties, the Fifth Army Corps still carried out the combat tasks assigned by the Central Revolutionary Military Commission to the letter. On the 24th and 25th, the Fifth Army Corps adjusted its deployment and launched another attack on the enemy's Fifth Division with the 13th and 15th Divisions. remains.The Red Fifth Army fought hard for four days, the enemy remained motionless, and our army suffered heavy casualties. It neither occupied Tantou and Zixi Bridge nor achieved the goal of attracting the enemy. On October 26, Dong Zhentang resolutely sent a power to the Central Revolutionary Military Commission, and decisively withdrew from the battle on the grounds that the troops were seriously damaged.Only then did the Central Revolutionary Military Commission have to give up its plan to fight the enemy in the Zixiqiao area.

The next few battles were not fought well. This kind of head-to-head confrontation with the enemy completely abandoned the Red Army's previous flexible and changeable tactical principles, which made Dong Zhentang, the head of the army, feel deeply annoyed.The leaders of the "Left" line blamed the failure of this series of battles on the leaders of the various armies, especially the Red Fifth Army. They criticized the existence of "AB regiments" and "small counter-revolutionary sects" , the "Third Party" and so on. During the extraordinary period when the enemy's army was suppressing the country, a large number of security bureau personnel were sent to the Fifth Red Army to "eliminate counter-revolutionaries", which made the troops panic.

Just at this time, Li Qingyun passed away, and Dong Zhentang was heartbroken when he heard the news.For many years, Li Qingyun has been by his side. He has successively served as the staff officer of the brigade, the deputy chief, the staff officer of the major and the commander of the apprentice company. Secretary of the branch, and actively carried out party activities, participated in a series of work planning the Ningdu uprising. After joining the Red Army in the uprising, Li Qingyun served as the head of the 129th regiment in the Fifth Red Army, and was promoted to the commander of the 43rd Division of the 15th Army after the Battle of Ganzhou. In the Battle of Shuikou in 1933, he commanded resolutely and performed extraordinaryly. On August 1 of the same year, he was awarded the second-class Red Star Medal by the Central Revolutionary Military Commission and was promoted to the commander of the 15th Red Army. In the summer of 1934, he led troops to and fro on the northern front of the Soviet area to fight against the enemy, but his body was eventually worn down. In the summer of 1934, he suffered from malaria again, and had recurrent attacks.Political commissar Zhu Liangcai asked him to go to the rear for rest and treatment, but at this critical moment of the bloody battle, Li Qingyun was concerned about the safety of the troops and the important task of defending the Soviet area.Before long, his condition became more and more serious. He was a big man with a height of 1.8 meters and a stout physique.Due to severe physical exhaustion, high fever and even coma often occur, Zhu Liangcai quickly ordered the soldiers to carry him to the rear hospital on a stretcher, but Li Qingyun was dying at this time, even though the soldiers were running on the mountain road, racing against the illness all the way , Still failed to save the life of the young Red Army general, on the way (near Fujita, Yongfeng County), Li Qingyun died.

Graduated from the Whampoa Military Academy, the 31-year-old rebel general, who was suffering from illness and was about to die, wrote a letter to his hometown in Cheng'an, Hebei.The letter reads: "Uncle (the recipient is his uncle), I will no longer be able to communicate with you in the future. I only have this 150 yuan in foreign currency. Please keep it and don't tell your father. ) education expenses..." Throughout this letter, there are no rhetoric or love for children, but it is very touching when you read it.Regrettably, Li Kemin (Guishan), the son of a martyr, took this letter to find his father and rectify his father's name, but it took him 45 years.After liberation, Li Kemin began to write letters to the Central Committee and the Central Revolutionary Military Commission, wanting to verify his father's identity and whereabouts.Soon after, the General Political Department wrote back and said: I have received the letter, but there is no such person. During the "Four Cleanups" Movement in 1965, Li Kemin's family was classified as a rich peasant because his father had attended the Whampoa Military Academy. As a result, a series of persecutions followed.The tormented Li Kemin often shouted in his heart: "Father, where are you, come and save your son!" Because he firmly believed what his elders told him: Your father joined Feng Yuxiang's Northwest Army, In 1931, together with Zhao Bosheng and Dong Zhentang, he held the Ningdu Uprising in Jiangxi that shocked the whole country, joined the Red Army, and served as the commander of the Red Army...Afterwards, he firmly wrote letters with the same content, and even though they were returned one by one, he was not discouraged at all.

In 1966, several comrades from the Central Archives came to his home to investigate Li Qingyun's hometown. Li Kemin waited for the result with excitement.A few days later, the archives received a letter: The 15th Red Army once had a commander named Li Qingyun, but it was recorded in the archives that he was from Jiangxi. wrong! ?Li Kemin "passed by" his father again. Time spanned to 1979. With the help and confirmation of the former comrades-in-arms of the martyrs Yuan Xuezu, Sun Yi, Wang Youping, Wang Bingzhang, Jiang Yaode and others, the General Political Department of the Military Commission issued Li Qingyun the "Certificate of Revolutionary Soldiers' Sacrifice". It took forty-five years for the spirits of the martyrs to settle down.The martyrs fought for the Chinese revolution, and we enjoy the peace and happiness brought by them.This is something that shouldn't have happened, but it actually happened, and it makes me sad to read.