Chapter 10 2. The founding general who was almost dismissed

The Ningdu Uprising was led by the Communist Party of China, supported by some patriotic generals, and actively supported by the majority of soldiers.But it also includes some officers and soldiers who did not know beforehand that they would revolt and become the Red Army.For example, Cao Jinsheng, deputy brigade commander of the 74th brigade and head of the second regiment, is a very senior brigadier general. During the uprising, he resolutely carried out Ji Zhentong's orders and led the second regiment to complete the tasks assigned to him without compromise. .After arriving in the Soviet area, he was depressed and depressed all the time. Later, he found Ji Zhentong and talked with him, saying that he couldn't leave his wife and children at home, and hoped to go back.Ji Zhentong didn't embarrass him when persuasion was useless, but gave him travel expenses and let him go back.

There is also a more famous person——Qiu Shanning, this person is more complicated, and he once had Jinlan friendship with Feng Yuxiang. After graduating from Lu University in December 1908, he first served as an instructor in the Yunnan Army Lecture Hall, and met Zhu De, who was studying in Class C at that time.Later, he entered the No. 1 Mixed Association of the Third Town of the Beiyang New Army and served as the officer of the Left Team of the Third Battalion.Soon, he was transferred to the Military Science Department of the Army Department of the Beiyang Government as a lieutenant colonel.

In April 1915, he was sent to Feng Yuxiang's 16th Mixed Brigade as the staff officer of the Lieutenant Colonel of the brigade. In early 1916, he was promoted to the chief of staff of the 16th Mixed Brigade. In July 1917, he and Feng Yuxiang led the officers and soldiers of the whole brigade to crusade against Zhang Xun for restoration.At the end of the same year, there was a disagreement between Pukou in Nanjing and Feng Yuxiang on the issue of aiding Li Houji in Fujian to fight against the Hufa army.So Feng Zhun resigned for a long vacation to recuperate, and his chief of staff of the brigade was replaced by Zhang Shusheng, a staff officer of the brigade.For a period of time thereafter, he served as a staff officer, counselor, and chief of staff in the Beiyang Army. In September 1926, Feng Yuxiang held the Wuyuan Pledge, participated in the Northern Expedition, and reorganized the National Army into the National Alliance Army.Qiu was hired as a senior councilor of the National Allied Army Headquarters, and went to Shaanxi with Feng Jun to participate in the battle to break the siege of Xi'an. In April 1927, he left Shaanxi with his ministry and entered the Central Plains to participate in the Northern Expedition. In 1928, Feng Yuxiang established the Training Director Department of the Second Army in Luoyang, which had 16 training institutions under its jurisdiction, covering almost all the military branches and arms at that time.Shi Jingting served as the director, and Qiu Shanning served as the deputy director. Soon Shi Jingting became the chairman of the Shaanxi Provincial Government and the commander-in-chief of the Sixth Front Army of the Second Army, and Qiu Shanning, the deputy director, presided over the overall work. In June 1930, he participated in the Central Plains War with Feng Yuxiang's headquarters. After Feng's army failed, Qiu Shanning retreated with the troops to Xinxiang and Jiaozuo to the north of the Yellow River.After Sun Lianzhong accepted the reorganization by the Nanjing government, he asked Qiu Shanning to serve as an adviser to the general headquarters of the 26th Route Army.

On December 14, 1931, Zhao Bosheng and Dong Zhentang led more than 17,000 people to stage a riot in Ningdu, Jiangxi.Qiu Shanning and the staff of the headquarters entered the Central Soviet Area with the uprising troops and were warmly welcomed. Zhu De also took the initiative to invite him to reminisce about the old days.Soon, Qiu Shanning was approved to return to the White Area from the Soviet Area because he was worried that his family would be implicated. In April 1933, Feng Yuxiang established the Chahar Anti-Japanese Allied Army in Zhangjiakou, and Qiu served as a standing member of the Military Committee of the Allied Army Headquarters and chief of staff of the headquarters.Later, due to the advance of Chiang Kai-shek's soldiers, Feng Yuxiang issued a telegram on August 5, automatically canceling the name of the commander-in-chief of the People's Anti-Japanese Allied Army and ending the military operation.Qiu Shanning was ordered to stay and assist Tong Linge, deputy commander of the Chahar Provincial Police, in charge of all military and political affairs during the transition period.And actively plan to resettle the Allied Army's reconnaissance troops.More than 30,000 anti-Japanese backbones were added to the 29th Route Army.It made the officers and soldiers of the former Northwest Army have a home again, and at the same time strengthened the strength of the 29th Route Army, laying a good foundation for the accumulation and re-emergence of Feng Yuxiang's military group.After the task was completed, Qiu followed Feng Yuxiang to study on Mount Tai.Soon, he and Feng Yuxiang jointly organized the establishment of the "Anti-Japanese League", Feng Yuxiang was the chairman, Qiu Shanning, Tong Linge, Ji Hongchang and others were the members of the meeting, mainly recruiting staff and attendants around Feng Yuxiang and the old Northwest Army Department to carry out anti-Japanese propaganda and contact.All participants are required to take an oath ceremony.Qiu Shanning is the supervisor of the oath.

In 1936, Qiu Shanning was awarded the rank of major general. In August 1937, he joined Feng Yuxiang as the Senior Counselor of the Chief Command of the Third War Zone.In the late period of the Anti-Japanese War, he participated in the Japanese and puppet regime in Nanjing. In 1944, he served as the commander of the 1st Army of Kou Yingjie, commander-in-chief of the Puppet Henan Appeasement Army, and stationed in Xuchang, Luohe and other places in Henan.After Japan surrendered, he served as Lieutenant General of the Ministry of National Defense of the Kuomintang Nanjing Government. In August 1948, he, Chen Jianfu, Zhu Guangzheng and others organized the Chinese New Social Revolutionary Party and served as the head of the Guidance Department. In May 1949, Qiu Shanning left his family and went from Nanjing to Taiwan alone.Later, he went to Hong Kong to find a job.He lives by practicing medicine. Died on May 25, 1957.

Battalion Commander Liu of the 2nd Regiment of the 74th Brigade was Huang Zhongyue's old classmate and one of the officers who did not want to join the Red Army. He wrote in a letter to Huang Zhongyue: "Ben Chu (Huang Zhongyue's former name): I want to go home, I will give you the horse, please give me some travel expenses." There are also some military officers who share the same thinking as Battalion Commander Liu. These people were later arranged by the organization to send them out of the Soviet area after visiting the Soviet area and distributing travel expenses. After the founding of the People's Republic of China, General Lu Ruilin, who served as the deputy commander of the Kunming Military Region (later he wrote a book—from groom to general), was a groom of the 82nd Mortar Company of the 75th Brigade of the 25th Division during the Ningdu Uprising. The memories are quite representative:

"On the evening of December 14th, I was standing guard at the regiment headquarters when I heard several gunshots. The number of guards on the city wall increased significantly. The city gates were only allowed to enter, not to exit. I was confused by this phenomenon I don't understand. After dawn, the soldiers were all huddled on the hillside and whispered to each other. They probably had a premonition that something extraordinary must happen. Suddenly, the deputy of the regiment issued an emergency order on behalf of the regiment leader: the troops were fully armed and set off immediately. Beach collection.

"The military order fell like a mountain. Although they did not have breakfast, the troops immediately entered the city. At this time, I particularly noticed that the blue sky and white sun flag that was usually hung at the headquarters was gone. It was replaced by a very eye-catching red flag. The road was quiet, only the troops The sound of marching and the occasional clash of weapons. Many troops were walking in a hurry, and some landlords hiding in the city, dragging their children and carrying valuables, followed behind the team in panic. The atmosphere was very tense. I held the mule tightly and marched with the troops, thinking wildly in my mind, do we want us to fight the Red Army? Or is the Red Army coming? After thinking about it for a while, I couldn't figure it out, and finally thought: Fuck it! Let God do it!

"After the troops arrived, the officers first took off the cap badge of the blue sky and white sun. Only then did I understand the real reason for the gunshots and the true meaning of the early morning password 'liberate'." The memories of Zhou Junming, the former battalion commander of the 75th Brigade and Regiment, are more interesting: ... The desire to suppress the Communist Party is completely shattered, and I can't do it any longer, but I can't say I won't do it.So there was a blindness, pretending to be sick, taking sick leave and watching from the sidelines, without asking about the army at all.I live in a small village on the edge of the north gate of Ningdu City. I bought a few old hens and led the guards to go up the mountain to catch grasshoppers and feed the chickens every day. I was so depressed that I smoked opium to relieve my boredom. addiction.Suddenly one night Bian Zhangwu, chief of staff of the brigade, called me and asked me to go to the brigade headquarters. I called back and said that I was sick and could not go.I had no choice but to go, it was already dark, and when I arrived at the brigade headquarters, I saw Bian Zhangwu on the phone saying: "...No matter what, you can't bleed!" The brigade headquarters didn't see a battalion commander, I was the only one, and there were two major regimental lieutenants. Later, Bian Zhangwu called and asked the three of us to go to the city with him to see Chief of Staff Zhao Bosheng.When we got to the gate of the city, we saw that the gate was blocked, so we opened an opening to let us in. When we entered the city, we found a lot of street fighting equipment.When we arrived at a small room, we saw Zhao Bosheng, Chief of Staff of the General Headquarters, Dong Zhentang, Commander of the 73rd Brigade, and Ji Zhentong, Commander of the 74th Brigade, but did not see Li Songkun, Commander of the 75th Brigade (who had been transferred to the 25th Brigade teacher as teacher).First of all, Zhao Bosheng gave a speech, and he talked a lot to mobilize. He said that the houses, tables, and chopsticks were made by workers and peasants, but they couldn't live in the houses and eat enough....After Dong Zhentang and Ji Zhentong spoke, they didn't talk much. After the speech, we expressed our absolute obedience. After that, it was past midnight, so we got some noodles to eat and we went back.I set off early the next morning. Because I was bored when I was sick, I fed a lot of old hens. When I came back, I killed the chickens overnight, cooked them in a big pot, picked them up and left.

The next day at dawn, I saw red flags flying in all directions, and many stretcher teams came, with rice bags made of cattail grass hanging on each stretcher, coming to Ningdu City to carry wounded and sick soldiers.Before the riots, there were wounded and sick people who could not be found to carry them. Now they are lined up in a large group with food and hold the red flag. This is a new phenomenon that I have never seen... In the work of reforming the uprising army, due to the influence of "Left" ideology, the class composition was improperly emphasized, which made some uprising officers who were willing to stay and work emotionally fluctuate, and asked for leave to leave the team.Others just ran away. The most serious one was that an engineering company of the 14th Army, under the planning of a small number of reactionaries, mutinied with arms in an attempt to rejoin the White Army, but was recovered without leaving the revolutionary base area. Execution, company break up.For this reason, Chairman Mao Zedong issued instructions: "Whoever wants to stay in the uprising is welcome. Organize them to study, go to school, and engage in cadre education. For the officers who want to leave, send them off and pay travel expenses. In short, come and go voluntarily. "

In the Legion Department of the Fifth Army Corps, Xiao Jinguang and Ji Zhen equally presided over the departure and stay meetings of middle and senior officers.At the meeting, most of the officers raised their hands and voluntarily stayed to do the revolution.There were also a small number of officers who asked to leave. After the meeting, arrangements were made for these officers to send them home after the travel expenses were distributed. A few days later, Li Da, the former major lieutenant of the 74th Brigade, went to the commander-in-chief Ji Zhentong worriedly and said, "Commander, I want to stay and do the revolution, but I don't want to leave. You know me best, please tell me something. Say." It turned out that even though Li Da raised his hand, Li Da was included in the list of "repatriation to hometown" due to the influence of the "Left" trend that wanted soldiers instead of officials.Looking at this loyal subordinate, Ji Zhentong shrugged, and said helplessly: "It's better to follow the organization's arrangement. I know that you are a good person, you are educated, and you are young..." Ji Zhentong took out from the back room while talking. A small bag of Guangyang was handed over to Li Da.Li Da lowered his head and put the money on the table.At this moment, the young Li Da was already in tears, and said eagerly: "Commander, you know that I came from a hard background and couldn't live in my hometown in Shaanxi, so I came out to join the National Army. Now, I finally found a way to save the country and the people." How could I give up on the correct path? The drought in Shaanxi the year before last caused my three brothers, sisters-in-law and nephews to starve to death, and my whole family starved to death. Even if I go back, there is no way out! Commander-in-Chief, I'm not leaving, please!" Ji Zhentong felt uncomfortable when he heard it, and immediately turned his back.In the past few days, many subordinates have come to him to talk to him, all for the same reason - they belong to the category of "repatriation", but they are all resolutely willing to stay and do the revolution. Commander Lu Shouchun, Second Battalion Commander Sun Shirong, Third Battalion Commander Yan Tuge, Sanitation Captain Ji Pengfei, Political Training Department Major Officer Huang Zhen, etc.After a long silence, Ji Zhentong finally said, "Let's do it! I'll go find Director Liu, and you go back and wait for news." After sending Li Da away, Ji Zhentong hurried to find Liu Bojian, and said as soon as he entered the door: "Director Liu, when I join the Red Army, the first is to believe in Chairman Mao, and the second is to believe in you." There was something in the middle, and he smiled and asked: "Commander, thank you for trusting me so much. What can I say? There is nothing that can't be solved." Ji Zhentong then sat down, handed over a list and said: "These people are all They are my old subordinates who are willing to be in the Red Army and make revolution. I know them well, and I can guarantee that they are real revolutionaries!" Liu Bojian looked at the list and smiled: "So it was because of this, Commander-in-Chief, don't worry! They have all come to me one after another, and I have reported it to the organization. They are all good comrades who are one in a hundred, and it is you I can't bear to let them go!" Liu Bojian was a very talented comrade who studied in Belgium, France and the Soviet Union in his early years.During the Northern Expedition, he served as the director of the Political Department of the Northwest Army.Going to the troops below to give speeches is vivid and vivid, very appealing, and deeply loved by the officers and soldiers.At that time, there was a saying in the Northwest Army: "Listen to Director Liu Bojian's speech, you can pay three months' salary!" After Liu Bojian said this, Ji Zhentong went back happily without saying a word. Under the strong guarantee of Liu Bojian, Ji Zhentong and others, these officers were finally able to stay. The young Li Da got his wish and was assigned as the company commander of the 15th Army.Soon, Wang Zhen, political commissar of the Eighth Red Army of the Hunan-Jiangxi Soviet Area, came to the Central Soviet Area for a meeting and proposed to ask for a group of cadres who understood the military.Approved by the Central Revolutionary Military Commission, it was decided to select and transfer from the Fifth Red Army.Li Da, Yan Tuge, Wu Zhengqing and dozens of battalion and company-level military cadres were selected. After they entered the Hunan-Jiangxi Soviet Area, they were quickly assigned to various grassroots as military chief officers, and made indelible contributions to the consolidation and development of the revolutionary base areas. achievements.With excellent commanding skills, Li Da served as the chief of staff of the Sixth Red Army, Yan Tuge served as the commander of the Eighteenth Red Army, and Wu Zhengqing served as the commander of the Seventeenth Red Army.Afterwards, Li Da followed the Long March of the Red Sixth Army, and went through the War of Resistance Against Japan and the War of Liberation. After the founding of the People's Republic of China, he served as the Deputy Chief of Staff of the Military Commission and was awarded the rank of general. Wu Zhengqing served as the commander of the 17th Division of the Sixth Red Army during the Long March, and died in the battle of Daguxinchang, Jinsha County, Guizhou Province, at the age of 24. Yan Tuge was ordered to stay in the Soviet area and persist in the struggle behind the enemy. In the autumn of 1935, he served as the commander of the Hunan, Hubei and Jiangxi Military Region, leading the arduous guerrilla warfare on the Hunan, Hubei and Jiangxi borders. Under extremely difficult circumstances, he retained an armed force for the party. In 1936, he led his troops to fight in Liuyang and Pingjiang with his injuries and illnesses. Later, due to the deterioration of his injuries and lack of medical treatment, he died in June of the same year in Golden Cave, Pingjiang, Hunan. The cadres who were retained together were the former health captain of the 74th Brigade, Ji Pengfei, who served as Minister of Foreign Affairs and Vice Premier of the State Council after the founding of the People's Republic of China.Huang Zhen, a major officer of the Political Training Department, served as the Deputy Minister of Foreign Affairs and Minister of Culture after the founding of the People's Republic of China. Despite this, some middle and senior officers were "cleaned" out of the ranks of the Red Army.The more famous one is Zhang Huimin, deputy head of the 2nd Regiment of the 79th Brigade of the 27th Division. After joining the Red Army in the uprising, he served as the deputy commander of the 41st Division of the 14th Army of the Fifth Red Army.Eleven years later, he died in the bloody battle with the Japanese army in Changde, and was then the commander of the Ninth Regiment of the Third Division of the Tenth Army of the National Army. There is also Nie Tingbin, a native of Jingxian County, Hebei Province. Joined the Northwest Army at the age of 16. In 1926, he served as the battalion commander during the Northern Expedition in Wuyuan. He was later introduced by the Communist Party member Luo Yiran as a member of the Communist Party. In 1929, he served as the brigade commander of the major general, and after the Central Plains War, his troops were incorporated into the 26th Route Army. In 1931, during the Ningdu riot, he was the deputy brigade commander of the 81st Brigade of the 27th Division.Three months later, Liu Bojian dispatched him to the 30th Route Army of the Kuomintang (Ji Hongchang's troops) to instigate rebellion.He fled because his companion was arrested and killed. In 1933, he joined the Chahar Anti-Japanese Allied Army and served as the commander of the Seventh Independent Brigade.After the victory of the Anti-Japanese War, he served as the commander of the Third Army of the Kuomintang's new Sixth Route Army, and was absorbed as a special member of the Communist Party of China with the approval of Deng Zihui.He played an important role in Hao Pengju's uprising and served as the commander of the First Division of the Democratic Alliance Army.After Hao Pengju rebelled against the water, he re-entered the temporary 23rd Division and served as the commander of the 46th Brigade. In September 1948, Nie Tingbin led more than 100 people to the liberated area alone because of the uprising.Appointed as the head of the People's Liberation Army Officer Teaching Branch of the North Jiangsu Military Region. In November 1949, he served as the deputy commander of the Huaiyin Military Division. After liberation, Nie Tingbin served as the deputy director of the Civil Affairs Department of Jiangsu Province and a member of the Standing Committee of the Provincial Political Consultative Conference. He died in Nanjing on July 5, 1974.