Chapter 4 Chapter 3 Foundation Laying for Entrepreneurship

After Mao Zedong and Yuan Wencai met in Dacang, one returned to the ancient city, and the other hurried back to Maoping, each was extremely busy.In order to welcome the Revolutionary Army of Workers and Peasants to enter Maoping, Yuan Wencai, Long Chaoqing and others mobilized the people in Maoping to use 8 pads to hustle the grain overnight to meet the food requirements of the troops; The arrival of the revolutionary army was greeted with etiquette; dozens of women were organized to clean up the public and sacred properties such as Panlong Academy and Yanxian Temple; Write slogans; invite the local tea-picking triangular troupe to sing an opera; inform the people in Maoping to vacate the house, lower the door panels, lay the floor, and lay straw for the troops to stay. "Records of the Symposium of Ninggang Sugan Zhang Guiting and Xie Meixiang".Internal interview materials.

Yuan Wencai himself also told his wife Xie Meixiang how he felt about meeting Mao Zedong.Xie Meixiang prepared Mao Zedong's clothes and cloth shoes overnight, and told Yuan Wencai to prepare a sedan chair. Because of Mao Zedong's foot pain, he wanted to carry Committee Mao into Maoping. "Records of the Symposium of Ninggang Sugan Zhang Guiting and Xie Meixiang".Internal interview materials. In the ancient city, Mao Zedong also conveyed to the cadres of the revolutionary army the situation of the Da Cang meeting, carefully arranged the marching route to Maoping the next day, and announced the discipline requirements of the troops and matters that should be paid attention to.

On October 7, the Revolutionary Army of Workers and Peasants marched towards Maoping in two groups.Mao Zedong, He Changgong, etc. led the officer team and the health team to take the shortcuts in the direction of Yulushi, Dacang, Lotus Shape, and Mayuan to Maoping; Chen Hao led the regiment headquarters and the first and third battalions to Longshi, Getian, and Dalong Enter Maoping. At the same time, Yuan Wencai organized some peasant self-defense troops to go down to Long City early in the morning, and picked up the 100 guns presented by Mao Zedong.Immediately, he personally led more than 30 people, carried a couch chair and sedan chair, and greeted Mao Zedong in the direction of Dacang.When Yuan Wencai and his party arrived in Dacang, Mao Zedong's team had already arrived.Yuan Wencai asked Mao Zedong to sit in the sedan chair and put on the clothes prepared by Xie Meixiang.Mao Zedong insisted on not taking the sedan chair, nor changing his clothes, but only put on the new pair of cloth shoes, still in military uniform, and walked in front of the team.

When the two armies marched into Maoping after meeting Ma Yuan, the people of Maoping, under the command of Long Chaoqing, clacked the 18-shot guns at the same time. Set up a bench and greet them with the highest traditional etiquette of the local area - slaughtering pigs.The opera troupe beat the gongs and drums, played the suona, and the old watch lit firecrackers to warmly welcome the arrival of the Workers and Peasants Revolutionary Army. "Records of the Symposium of Ninggang Sugan Zhang Guiting and Xie Meixiang".Internal interview materials. All this moved the commanders and fighters of the Workers' and Peasants' Revolutionary Army quite a lot, and some even shed tears of joy, as if they had just arrived home.

Mao Zedong made a short speech in Maoping, to the effect that: The Workers’ and Peasants’ Revolutionary Army is a team led by the Communist Party, and it is a team dedicated to fighting the world for the poor. I finally have my own foothold.This place is very good, with high mountains and dense forests, favorable location and harmonious people, and with the help of Commander Yuan, we must cooperate closely with Commander Yuan and the peasant brothers to create a great cause together. "Records of the Symposium of Ninggang Sugan Zhang Guiting and Xie Meixiang".Internal interview materials.

Yuan Wencai also gave a passionate speech.Long Chaoqing also spoke on behalf of the Ninggang County Party Organization. In the evening, Mao Zedong participated in the party member meeting held by the Ninggang County Party Organization in Panlong Academy.Mao Zedong spoke at the meeting.He analyzed the national revolutionary situation, talked about the party's emergency measures after the "Ma-ri Incident", talked about the spirit of the August 7th meeting, and asked about the situation of the Ninggang party organization.After learning about the "Ma-Day Incident", some party members in Ninggang feared the situation and fled to Nanjing, Shanghai and other places. Ambush, when the enemy comes, we hide first; then, come out here, go out there, and beat them everywhere, so as to defeat the enemy." He also said about the situation of the party organization: "Your party organization is not stable, and intellectuals alone can't do it. , but also to mobilize the workers and peasants, and in the future, we must pay attention to class background, go deep into the grassroots, and do the work of mobilizing the masses.” Liu Keyu, the head of the organization of the Ninggang County Party Committee, recalled.Internal interview materials.

After the meeting, Mao Zedong met at the home of Xie Cili in Maoping, where Yuan Wencai arranged his residence (now known as the Octagonal Tower—the quoter’s note), and met with Communist Party members He Minxue, Wang Huai, and Wang Huai, who were hiding in Maoping in Yongxin and Lianhua counties. Liu Zuoshu, Liu Renkan, He Zizhen, etc. On October 7, after the Workers' and Peasants' Revolutionary Army entered Maoping, Ninggang, with the help of the Ninggang County Party Organization and Yuan Wencai, they established the first hospital in the Jinggangshan Revolutionary Base in Maoping's Panlong Academy - Maoping rear hospital.President Cao Rong, party representative Zhao Fazhong.

It is said to be a hospital, but it is actually very simple, with extremely poor conditions and lack of doctors and medicines.According to Lai Zhangda, an old Chinese doctor who served at that time, recalled: "Chairman Mao came to Ninggang in October 1927 (after the harvest), the health team was set up in Maoping, there were about 40 people, and the Red Army Hospital was in Panlong Academy. Chinese medicine doctors Lai Ganhua, Chen Jin (Hunan native), Western doctor Wu Pengfei. In November, three Chinese medicine practitioners Lai Zhangda, Huang Shaogu (Chaling) and Xie Yijie (Maoping) participated. The small dining hall is now a Chinese medicine medical room, and the lightly wounded and stretcher teams live in the building Beds were spread out on the floor. At first there were only forty or fifty wounded and sick, and the traditional Chinese medicine used by the wounded was supplied by Dalong and Tantou pharmacies... When the medicine was empty, we went up the mountain and dug more than 70 kinds of local herbs, including silver flower, Smilax tuckahoe, Akebia, Ophiopogon japonicus, Jinyingzi, fennel, plantain, Wuguapi, Magnolia officinalis, etc. In April 1928, Chairman Mao launched a campaign to fight Yongxin... More than 400 loads of medicines were paid and placed in Chashanyuan ( At that time, the army’s drug storehouse was located in Chashanyuan——quote’s note), and the medicinal materials were abundant at this time, and the troops and the masses all came here to buy medicines.”

According to Xiao Ming, who was transferred to the Maoping rear hospital in May 1928, he recalled: "At that time, there was a captain (surnamed Mo, from Guangdong or Guangxi) in the Maoping Red Army Hospital, and a party representative named Ye (from Hunan, who died during the Long March). There is also an infirmary below (there are 2 Chinese doctors and 2 Western doctors, one doctor is surnamed Zeng, and the other is a Chinese medicine doctor with a lame foot). There are more than 10 people in the nursing platoon, the platoon leader is Fan, from Hubei, and there are more than 10 people in the stretcher row. , there are more than 10 people in the affairs platoon, managing logistics and other affairs. The hospital can accommodate forty or fifty patients, and there are many patients coming in and out. At that time, there were many wounded soldiers sent from Yongxin. The hospital is very short of medicinal materials, although Party organizations in various places tried their best to break through many difficulties and sent western medicines such as mercuric acid (for gunshot wounds) and iodine tablets to the base areas, but they were always not enough (usually they were sent to the left-behind places first, and then the left-behind punishments were sent to hospitals and companies). Therefore, the hospital often organizes medical staff and nearby people to go up the mountain to collect herbs. When collecting herbs, a person who knows how to collect a specimen, and then everyone collects the same. At that time, the common diseases could be cured with Chinese herbal medicine, and the wounds were washed with salt water. , Nitrate can also be used, but it needs to be filtered."

In order to solve the medical difficulties, the border party has repeatedly reported to the Hunan and Jiangxi Provincial Party Committees and even the Party Central Committee, requesting to send several western doctors and some medicines, but failed.For this reason, the medical staff in the hospital had to do it themselves, using bamboo to make tweezers, ointment knives, ointment boxes, etc., using sterilized razors instead of scalpels, and earthen cloth instead of gauze. Wash and wash until it is completely unusable before throwing it away. Regarding the difficult situation of the hospital, Du Xiujing, a representative of the Hunan Provincial Party Committee sent to the border of Hunan and Jiangxi for inspection, also mentioned in his report to the Hunan Provincial Party Committee of the Communist Party of China in July 1928: "Life in the army...medicine— It is difficult to buy medicine, and the wounded soldiers are suffering..." Mao Zedong also said in the "Report to the Hunan Provincial Committee of the Communist Party of China" on July 4, 1928 on behalf of the Hunan Jiangxi Border Special Committee of the Communist Party of China and the Military Commission of the Fourth Red Army: "The number of wounded soldiers has increased to five. Hundreds, if you want to rush to southern Hunan, the morale of the army will collapse, and if you don’t go, you can’t, and this is one of the most difficult problems.”

Mao Zedong was very concerned about the construction of the Red Army Hospital. He often visited the wounded and sick as well as medical staff, asked about the cold and warm, and gave the eggs given to him by the local people to the sick and wounded to eat.Relying on the unity of officers and soldiers and the spirit of sharing weal and woe, the Red Army Hospital is not only a place to treat diseases, but also a political classroom.So far, there are still many moving stories in this regard. At the same time as the establishment of the Red Army Hospital, the Workers' and Peasants' Revolutionary Army also established a rear guard in Maoping.The left-behind place is located in Xiangshan Nunnery in Maoping.The director of the left-behind office is Yu Benmin, the deputy commander of the first division of the former Workers' and Peasants' Revolutionary Army. He Changgong said in "Autumn Harvest Uprising and Introducing Troops to Jinggangshan": "At the ancient city meeting, it was decided to set up a rear area in Maoping, put the health team there, and settle down. The next day, Comrade Cao Rong and I Bring more than 100 wounded soldiers to Maoping, and place them in Panlong Academy. This is the first rear area of ​​our army." Luo Ronghuan said in "Autumn Harvest Uprising and Our Army's Initial Period": "Go south to Ninggang After the ancient city, Comrade Mao Zedong convened the ancient city meeting... Thanks to the help of the local party organization, a rear area was also established." On April 19, 1971, the Ninggang County Veteran Revolutionary Cadre Symposium concluded that: "The Red Army Hospital in Maoping is one of the troops. I did it when I came to Maoping, which was originally called Panlong Academy. The Red Army’s garrison office was set up in Xiangshan Nunnery.” Maoping, who worked as a barber in the 32nd Regiment, once cut hair for Mao Zedong, Zhu De, Chen Yi, Yu Benmin, etc. Zhu Hongbing, the old Sugan, said at the symposium on the memory of the old site of Xiangshan Nunnery in Maoping on July 2, 1976: "In addition to the teaching staff of the Red Army living there, Xiangshan Nunnery also set up a left-behind office, a cadre medical center, and stationed A machine gun company was established. The person in charge of the left-behind office is Yu Benmin." It can be seen that it is certain to set up a left-behind office in Xiangshan nunnery.The left-behind office is responsible for the overall management of logistics units such as the officer team, health team, supply team, and machine gun company.According to the memories of old comrades such as Liu Yinglong, a worker of the Taoliao Quilt Factory, at the end of November 1927, the Red Army Quilt Factory was established in Taoliao, and the person in charge was also Yu Benmin.This proves that the left-behind office has taken over all the logistics stalls of the troops.In this way, it is a reasonable arrangement for Yu Benmin, the deputy division commander, member of the former committee, and even Mao Zedong to call "Ben Lao" to take on this heavy burden and become the "Minister of Logistics". In the extremely dangerous environment at that time, if the team of more than 700 people could not find a foothold, set up a stay, and put down the "burden", how could the troops attack lightly and open up a new situation? In this regard, Su Lanchun, secretary of the Youth League Committee of the Ninggang Southeast Special Zone, said something that is worth recalling.He said: "One day, I asked the head of the regiment, Yuan Wencai, what did he say during the meeting? Yuan Wencai told me: Chairman Mao said that he heard that the August 1st troops would go to Guangdong, and he was going to Shaoguan to find He Long and Ye Ting. I will lead the remaining troops. I asked him who they left behind? He said there were company commanders, battalion commanders, and division commanders. Yuan Wencai said, so many big men, I, a junior high school student, can lead Going on? So I decided to decline, but said in my mouth: Since you are here, you will share the blessings and hardships. I will take care of the food and oil for the wounded and the troops, but Qianninggang is limited, and you still need to go to Lingxian, Chaling, and Suichuan. Hearing what Yuan Wencai said, Committee Member Mao happily left the sick and wounded and the institutions behind, and then led the troops to southern Hunan." Su Lanchun: "Recalling the Revolutionary Struggle in Ninggang". The establishment of the left-behind office in the rear made the workers' and peasants' revolutionary army who had just arrived in Porma Lawton put down the "burden" and relieved their worries.This played an important role for the troops to go into battle lightly and start attacking along the border of Hunan and Jiangxi.As the deputy division commander, Yu Benmin was in charge of this work, and he also contributed a lot. On October 7, the Revolutionary Army of Workers and Peasants entered Maoping and was warmly welcomed by Yuan Wencai, the Ninggang County Party Committee and the people of Maoping.Afterwards, in order to solve the food supply for the Revolutionary Army of Workers and Peasants, Yuan Wencai ordered to meet with several young people including Su Lanchun, who served as the gatekeeper, in Dacang, and went to the countryside overnight to collect the grains from all public, divine, and clan properties in the county and rush them to Mao Ping; in order to make the soldiers of the Revolutionary Army live comfortably, Long Chaoqing mobilized the masses in the Maoping area, and every household made preparations and made proper arrangements.On this day, Maoping was very lively. Regarding Mao Zedong's accommodation arrangement, Yuan Wencai finally decided to arrange it in the upper floor of the home of Xie Cili, an old Chinese doctor in the center of Maoping Village (the current Bajiao Building). He Minxue (He Zizhen's elder brother, one of the main leaders of the peasant uprising in Yongxin County) used to live upstairs. On July 18, 1927, Yuan Wencai led his troops to unite with Wang Xingya, Wang Zuobu and the Lianhua Peasant Self-Defense Force to rescue the imprisoned He Minxue and other Yongxin revolutionaries and retreat to Ninggang. Yuan Wencai arranged for He Minxue to live upstairs. On July 28, 1984, He Minxue revisited his hometown and came to the Octagonal Tower and said: "After the Ma-ri incident, Yuan Wencai rescued us from prison, and I live upstairs. After the chairman came, I Let the chairman live." Yuan Wencai arranged for Mao Zedong to live in the home of an old Chinese doctor, so that Mao Zedong could take care of his foot injury in time, which shows that he has considered very carefully. On the evening of the 7th, after Mao Zedong attended the party members meeting held by the Ninggang Party Organization, Yuan Wencai gathered the "leading figures" of the Communist Party of Yongxin, Lianhua, and Ninggang counties who had persisted in fighting in the Maoping area and came to the Octagonal Tower. Mao Zedong met them cordially.Here, Mao Zedong met He Minxue, Liu Zhen, Wang Huai, Liu Zuoshu, He Zizhen, Liu Renkan, Liu Huixiao, Liu Keyu and others. When Yuan Wencai introduced He Zizhen, Mao Zedong was a little surprised.He didn't expect that among the "top figures" of the revolutionary faction in Jinggangshan, there was a woman, and she was a beautiful girl.Of course, no one thought that this meeting was the beginning of Mao Zedong and He Zizhen becoming revolutionary partners. That night, Mao Zedong asked everyone about the situation in the border counties of Ninggang, Yongxin, Lianhua, Suichuan, Chaling and Ling in detail.The comrades who participated in the meeting also answered Mao Zedong's questions one by one.This meeting had an important impact on Mao Zedong's struggle to manage and lead Jinggangshan in the future. In early October, after the Revolutionary Army of Workers and Peasants entered Maoping, with the help of the local party organization and Yuan Wencai, they set up a left-behind office and a rear hospital in Maoping.This historical fact is called "Maoping Anjia" in history. How to call it "home"?This is because: First, the Revolutionary Army of Workers and Peasants traveled thousands of miles without a fixed place to live. After entering Maoping, they found a foothold.This end point was not resolved in Lianhua, Sanwan, or Gucheng. It was not implemented and resolved until Maoping.As Tan Zheng said in "Before and After the Adaptation of Sanwan": "When the troops are in transfer, they always start before dawn every day, and don't camp until after dusk. After passing through Ping, Liu, Tonggu, Pingxiang, and Lianhua, they arrive at Yongxin. Sanwan Village in Sanwan, rested for three days, and started to reorganize the troops. This is a difficult point in the history of the Red Army. Since the defeat in the Changshou Street battle, the enemy in Hunan has been chasing after us desperately, always trying to get us, the seeds of revolution, The militia and security groups also came to bully us, and we were not allowed to borrow roads along the way. Little children who have not been trained can't withstand such a storm. At that time, fatigue, hardship, hunger, and panic were full of troops. Malaria and dysentery spread to every soldier... After the Sanwan adaptation, the wounded and sick were placed in Maoping, and the guns that no one carried were given to Yuan Wencai. The troops passed through Gucheng and Longshi to Shuikou, Ling County, and then Go to Dafenwei in Suichuan." It can be seen that only when we arrived in Maoping did we find a foothold and a place to live. Second, after being stationed in Maoping, the troops laid down their burdens, went into battle lightly, and started a new battle with Ningkang as their base camp.The establishment of the left-behind office in the rear left the logistics agencies such as the officer team, the supply team, and the machine gun company, which relieved the pressure on the troops; and the establishment of the rear hospital allowed more than 100 wounded and sick people to be properly placed. The soldiers have reduced the pain of continuous marching, and the troops have also been relieved of being dragged down, and their combat effectiveness has been enhanced. The guerrilla activities of the division of troops after mid-October illustrate this point.In this regard, Fan Shude recalled: "When the troops arrived in Ninggang, some wounded and sick soldiers were sent to Maoping, so that the sick and sick were properly arranged, and the combat soldiers were separated from the wounded and sick, reducing the burden and improving combat effectiveness." Fan Shude recalled the Jinggangshan struggle.Internal interview materials.Therefore, Tan Zhenlin said: "When you arrive in Maoping, you have settled down as a revolutionary home, and this is the beginning of the establishment of a revolutionary base." He Changgong also recalled that after the ancient city meeting, "Comrade Cao Rong and I brought more than 100 wounded soldiers. Arrive at Maoping and place them in Panlong Academy. This is the first rear guard of our army. Comrade Mao Zedong said, our end point has already come to an end. When we lead troops to the Jinggang Mountains, the end point is in Ninggang, and the rear is in Maoping.” He also said: "Maoping is the place where the revolutionary base settled down, and Ninggang is the place where the revolution made its fortune. Without Ninggang, there would be no Jinggangshan base. This is a historical fact." Tan Jiashu also said when reviewing this period of history: "Comrade Mao Zedong He led the First Regiment of the First Division of the Workers' and Peasants' Revolutionary Army to retreat from Pingjiang and Liuyang to the border of Hunan and Jiangxi after the autumn harvest riot, and used Ningkang as a base to carry out guerrilla warfare in Chaling, Suichuan, Yongxin, Lingxian and other counties." Tan Jiashu: "A Brief History of the Birth and Development of the Sixth Army".Internal interview materials.Lai Yi recalled: "After the ancient city meeting, the troops were divided into two groups to mobilize the masses and carry out guerrilla activities. If the destination of the march was not reached, the troops would not disperse their actions. At this time, it was determined to set up the rear in Maoping. In the rear, make a home in Maoping." Thirdly, Mao Zedong led the Workers’ and Peasants’ Revolutionary Army to attack for a month, and returned to Maoping, the base camp, and then set up the Hunan-Jiangxi Border Special Committee, the Hunan-Jiangxi Border Workers’, Peasants’ and Soldiers’ Government and other party and government heads in Maoping.According to He Changgong's recollection, at the "National Congress" of the Hunan-Jiangxi border party held in Maoping, Ninggang, "Comrade Mao Zedong made a report on the situation, compared the forces of the enemy and ourselves, pointed out the future of the revolution, and further determined that the party in the Luoxiao Mountains Establish a solid base in the middle section. Comrade Mao Zedong said, now that we have a home, we should stop running around and make a fortune here.”It can be seen that Mao Zedong himself regarded Ninggang Maoping as the "home" of the revolution. To sum up, Maoping's "settlement" can be confirmed in historical facts.The so-called "anjia" means setting up a camp and using it as the base camp.Of course, "settlement" does not mean the end of the march.Instead, use this as a starting point to start a new and broader battle. After the Revolutionary Army of Workers and Peasants "settle down" in Maoping, they started guerrilla activities in the counties along the Hunan-Jiangxi border in mid-October.When the guerrilla troops arrived at Shuikou, Lingxian County, Hunan Province, after training and rest, they carried out short-distance divisions. The purpose of this military operation by the Revolutionary Army of Workers and Peasants was mainly to solve the problem of troop supplies and expand political influence, so as to create the basis for Jinggangshan armed separatism.The evidence is as follows: On June 15, 1928, Du Xiujing, a special commissioner of the Hunan Provincial Party Committee, said in a report to the Hunan Provincial Party Committee of the Communist Party of China: "Mao Zedong... Later, he used Ninggang as his base camp and dispatched troops to various places for guerrilla warfare. On average, there was a war every nine days. Both won and created a little popular base." Lai Yi described in "Adaptation from Sanwan to Jinggangshan": "After the ancient city meeting, the troops were divided into activities... Chairman Mao told us that we must go down. Divide into several routes to expand political influence... After going down, post notices, To publicize the purpose and nature of our army... the notice should use the name of 'Regimental Commander Guo Liang'." Zhang Zongxun also said: "After the Revolutionary Army of Workers and Peasants arrived in the ancient city of Ninggang, food and clothing were a major issue at that time. Going to Jinggangshan could not solve this problem. Shuikou and Dafen we went to were relatively large places. Going to these places All to solve the problem of food and clothing." Zhang Zongxun: "Several Problems During the Jinggangshan Struggle".Internal interview materials.He pointed out that the purpose of the guerrilla was "to solve the problem of food and clothing", that is, the problem of food and clothing for the troops. Luo Ronghuan also pointed out in "Autumn Harvest Uprising and the Initial Period of Our Army": "At the beginning of October of that year, Comrade Mao Zedong led the troops to launch guerrilla activities in the direction of Suichuan. At that time, the weather was getting colder, and the soldiers were still wearing tattered single clothes. It was difficult and there was no chance to rest... In order to solve the winter clothes and supplies of the troops, we stationed in Dafen Town, west of Suichuan City." The first stop of the Workers' and Peasants' Revolutionary Army's guerrilla strike along the Hunan-Kiangsi border was Shidu in Lingxian County, Hunan Province.At this time, Mao Zedong, who was careful in handling affairs, considered that he should get in touch with the Hunan Provincial Committee of the Communist Party of China and the Hunan Special Committee to report the situation of the Autumn Harvest Uprising troops, so he sent He Changgong to Changsha and Hengyang to look for the Hunan Provincial Committee.Then, the troops moved to Shuikou to Shizhou, Banxi and other places. Shuikou is a small village in Ling County in the border area of ​​Hunan and Jiangxi.The news of the arrival of the Workers' and Peasants' Revolutionary Army spread like wildfire.After learning the news, the Lingxian party organization of the Communist Party of China immediately sent Zhou Li to join the revolutionary army.Mao Zedong met with the representative of the Communist Party organization in Lingxian County at the Zhu Family Ancestral Hall of the Youth League Headquarters.Mao Zedong asked Zhou Li about the situation of the party organization in Ling County in detail. When he heard Zhou Li report that Ling County had only one temporary branch and three party members after the "Ma-Da Incident", he immediately instructed Zhou Li: to extensively Mobilize the peasant masses, especially the suffering peasants, restore the peasant association, prepare for riots, and carry out the struggle against local tyrants and land distribution. Unexpectedly, big waves were surging, and fish and dragons were mixed together.Teacher Yu Sadu and regiment leader Su Xianjun left without saying goodbye at this time. Tan Xilin, who once served as the commander of the spy company under Yu Sadu's subordinate, and became the platoon leader of the second company of the regiment after the reorganization of Sanwan, witnessed the escape of Yu and Su.He described it like this: "When I was in Shuikou, the headquarters of the army lived in the Zhujia Temple. Our platoon lived in a pavilion three or four miles away from Shuikou, and was responsible for the security mission in the direction of Ling County. The first station in Shuikou For three days, Yu Sadu, the former division commander, and Su Xianjun, the commander of the third regiment, deserted and passed by our guard post, but we stopped them. When they asked where they were going, they said, "We are leaving, and Committee Mao allowed us to leave." We Said: "If there is no proof, it cannot be passed." In the end, the two of them were stopped and immediately reported to Commissar Mao. Commissar Mao was very generous, and he said: "If they want to leave, let them go." After Yu Sadu and Su Xianjun left the revolution, life was not easy.Yu Sadu later defected to Chiang Kai-shek and was sentenced to death by the Kuomintang for embezzling military pay and selling opium. After Su Xianjun arrived in Changsha, he betrayed Comrade Guo Liang and was shot dead by our army in 1930. The escape of Yu and Su caused Mao Zedong to think deeply.He was determined to establish a party in Shuikou to consolidate the results of Sanwan reorganization. In accordance with Mao Zedong's instructions, the party representatives of each company selected a group of revolutionary backbones of workers and peasants to develop and join the party.On the afternoon of the second day when the troops moved to Shuikou, they secretly notified the party members concerned to go to the regiment headquarters for a meeting. The late autumn night in the mountains is quiet and peaceful.When the party representatives of each company led 6 soldiers to the Ye Family Ancestral Hall in Shuikouwei, Mao Zedong and others were already waiting in the small attic in the back hall of the Ye Family Ancestral Hall.In the attic, there is a square farm table with several long benches. The lantern on the table is shining red. Two rectangular pieces of red paper hang horizontally in front of the table. One is written with the three letters "CCP" and the other is Zhang wrote the six-sentence party oath of "sacrifice oneself, strictly keep secrets, class struggle, strive for revolution, obey party discipline, and never rebel against the party".The first party building activity since the establishment of the Jinggangshan base will be held here. After everyone arrived, Mao Zedong announced the opening of the meeting.The introducers who joined the party first introduced the situation of the new party members.After introducing the resumes and political performance of the new party members, Mao Zedong asked the six new party members some questions one by one. "Why do you want to join the Communist Party?" Lai Yi and others said: "If you want to stand up, you must overthrow the local tyrants and evil gentry, overthrow the Kuomintang, and join the party will be more powerful." Mao Zedong nodded with satisfaction, and then explained to them the oath of joining the party and the "CCP" three meaning of letters.Then, Mao Zedong raised his right fist and led six new party members to make a solemn oath. The six party members who were recruited this time are: Lai Yi, Chen Shiju, Li Heng, Ouyang Jian, Yan Hui, and Liu Yan.Based on the memories of Chen Shiju, Lai Yi, Tan Xilin and others. The solemn and sonorous voice echoed in the attic, and the six new party members aroused their unique excitement and vowed to fight for life.Since then, they have embarked on the arduous journey firmly and bravely with a new attitude. Shuikou party building is the earliest party building activity in the history of our army.Since then, each company has successively held party building activities.This not only added new blood to the army, but also brought many outstanding elements into the arms of the party, making the Chinese Communist Party like a huge magnet and a strong carrier. While the Revolutionary Army of Workers and Peasants was carrying out mass work in Shuikou, the party organization of Ling County went to Lingcheng for reconnaissance and reported back: two regiments of Chaling enemy troops rushed towards Shuikou. Upon hearing the news, Mao Zedong immediately decided to divide his troops into two routes: Wan Xi, the party representative of the first battalion, would lead two or three companies to advance to the border of Cha (Ling) and An (Ren), to harass the enemy, force the enemy to retreat, and then return to Maoping; He personally led the regiment headquarters, the third battalion, the first battalion and the first company, and the spy company into Suichuan County to continue guerrilla warfare and mobilize the masses. On October 22, Mao Zedong led the main force of the workers' and peasants' revolutionary army to Dafen Town in the west of Suichuan.Unexpectedly, this weak army suffered a major disaster here. The cause of the catastrophe was the sudden attack by Xiao Jiabi, the leader of the reactionary armed forces in Suichuan County and the head of the Jingwei regiment.Xiao Jiabi, known as "The Butcher Xiao", has always been ruthless and murderous without blinking an eye.When the troops had just settled in Dafen, he threatened that the revolutionary army would not be allowed to station, and that if they did not leave, they would draw their swords to meet each other. For this kind of threat, the revolutionary army that came from the blood of the Great Revolution is commonplace, not to mention that there are still hundreds of steel guns today.Therefore, the regiment headquarters ignored it, and sent posts and camped as usual. It was night, cold and cloudy.Not long after the commanders and fighters of the Revolutionary Army of Workers and Peasants fell asleep, Xiao Jiabi gathered three or four hundred members of the Jingwei Regiment to launch a surprise attack on Dafen.Intensive gunfire pierced the tranquility of the night in the mountain country.Mao Zedong immediately ordered Zhang Ziqing, commander of the third battalion, and Wu Zhonghao, deputy commander of the battalion, to fight back against the enemy and seize the commanding heights outside the polder that were occupied by the enemy. The battalion was in a flanking position to eliminate the invading enemy bandits. The battle became fiercer and fiercer.The revolutionary army was very tired due to the pommel horse expedition, coupled with the sparseness of life, it was difficult to resist the enemy's attack in a hurry.The regiment headquarters wanted to contact the third battalion, but was cut off by the Xiao Jiabi Jingwei regiment.So Mao Zedong issued an order to retreat.However, at this time, Sanying did not know where to go. At this moment, it can be said that it is the worst season for the Workers' and Peasants' Revolutionary Army since the Sanwan reorganization.In this regard, Tan Zheng described in "Before and After the Adaptation of Sanwan": "The first company of the first battalion, the regiment headquarters, and the special agent company were led by Comrade Mao Zedong. Although the troops did not suffer a lot of losses, everyone was in a panic. He wore a long robe. Everyone had dinner, but he hadn’t eaten yet, so he used his pockets and two branches as chopsticks when he got the meal. Battalion rendezvous, but the third battalion never appeared.It turned out that the third battalion withdrew from the battle in a hurry, but went in the wrong direction and turned south to Guidong.Later, under the leadership of Zhang Ziqing and Wu Zhonghao, the third battalion was transferred to Shangyou County Goose, got in touch with Zhu De and Chen Yi's troops, participated in Zhu De's upper fort training, and received supplies and ammunition supplies until December Only then did he leave Zhu De's department, transfer to Chaling, and return to the establishment. When the troops came to Huang'ao, they collected the lost personnel.At this time, there were only more than 30 people around Mao Zedong.Then continue marching.The soldiers sat sparsely on the ground and looked at each other with worried eyes.At this time, Mao Zedong stood up resolutely, straightened his body, and said to everyone energetically: "Now stand in line! I will be the first one, and I ask Company Commander Zeng to shout the password!" Mao Zedong's calm and strong spirit immediately infected the soldiers. More than 30 soldiers raised their guns and joined the ranks.Then, the team behind also caught up, collecting a total of more than 200 people. After the Dafen catastrophe, under the leadership of Mao Zedong, this revolutionary team that "fighted hard and never collapsed" took advantage of the dark night to embark on a new journey. The troops headed towards Jingzhu Mountain.Jingzhu Mountain is located at the intersection of Suichuan and Ling County. It is divided into two provinces in the zigzag Bijia Peak. Jingzhu Mountain lies in the narrow valley on the left. The mountain is full of various bamboos, especially Jingzhu, so it is named "Jingzhu Mountain". In Jingzhu Mountain, Mao Zedong met Zhu Chiliu, the captain of Wang Zuo's "water exploration team" (that is, the reconnaissance team).Under Zhu Chiliu's enthusiastic arrangement, the Workers' and Peasants' Revolutionary Army stayed overnight in Jingzhu Mountain.Today is October 23rd. It turned out that during his stay in Maoping, Yuan Wencai introduced the situation of "Brother" Wang Zuo to Mao Zedong, wrote a letter himself, and handed it to Mao Zedong.When Mao Zedong led guerrillas from various counties along the Hunan-Jiangxi border to Shuikou, he sent You Xuecheng, Xu Yangang, Chen Bojun, and Jin Mengxiu back to Maoping to help Yuan Wencai train his troops; on the other hand, he sent Ai Chengbin to Jinggangshan with Yuan Wencai's letter Contact Wang Zuo. At that time, the news of Mao Zedong's arrival in Maoping had already reached Wang Zuo's ears, but Wang Zuo was on guard. He didn't know the details until he saw the letter from Ai Chengbin.Wang Zuo had always respected Yuan Wencai, and never forgot Yuan Wencai's life-saving grace. He knew that Mao Zedong's Workers' and Peasants' Revolutionary Army introduced by Yuan Wencai was a team of poor people led by the Communist Party, so he sent Zhu Chiliu to the Jingzhushan area to find out the whereabouts of the Workers' and Peasants' Revolutionary Army, and contacted the Maoists. Meet by chance.The next day, Zhu Chiliu sent someone to Dajing to report to Wang Zuo. In order to establish a good relationship with Wang Zuobu after the troops went up the mountain and prevent violations of mass discipline from happening, Mao Zedong spoke to everyone at the "Thunderbolt" in front of Jingzhushan Village before the troops set off, and for the first time proposed the workers' and peasants' revolution. The "three major disciplines" of the army. In this regard, Chen Shiju recalled in "The Origin of the Three Great Disciplines and the Six Points of Attention": "At Jingzhu Mountain, Committee Member Mao first introduced to us a person in plain clothes beside him. He was a representative sent by Wang Zuo to welcome us up the mountain. Yes. Then, Committee Member Mao briefly introduced the situation in Jinggangshan, and said: Today, we are going to Jinggangshan to establish a base there. Everyone must have a good relationship with the masses on the mountain. We must have a good relationship with Wang Zuo’s troops Therefore, he officially announced three disciplines: first, obey orders in action; second, return funds to the public; third, do not take a single sweet potato from the common people.” These are the "three major disciplines" originally promulgated by the Workers' and Peasants' Revolutionary Army.With the continuous deepening of the construction of base areas, Mao Zedong later put forward the "six points of attention", and gradually improved them in the practice of the revolutionary war, forming the famous "three major disciplines, eight points of attention", which became an important principle of our party's army building principles. component. After leaving Jingzhu Mountain, the Workers' and Peasants' Revolutionary Army arrived at Dajing on October 24 via Shuangmashi and Changpuzhou.In Dajing, the revolutionary army was warmly welcomed by Wang Zuo and the peasant self-defense army.Wang Zuo vacated Dajing's Xinyachang barracks for Maobu to stay.On this day, Wang Zuo also sent someone to kill four fat pigs, and held a large banquet to warmly entertain the soldiers of the Workers' and Peasants' Revolutionary Army.During the meeting, Wang Zuo introduced his experience and development history to Mao Zedong. Mao Zedong expressed deep sympathy for Wang Zuo's experience and appreciated him for being able to save 60 guns during the low ebb of the revolution.Considering future work, Mao Zedong immediately decided to donate 70 guns to Wang Zuo, and asked him to send someone to Maoping to find Yu Benmin to pick them up.Wang Zuo was overjoyed when he heard the news, and he also said on the spot that he would donate 500 dan of millet to the Workers and Peasants Revolutionary Army. In Dajing, at the invitation of Wang Zuo, Mao Zedong commanded troops and Wang Zuo's troops to attack Shimen, the headquarters of the Nashan Yindaoyi Defense Regiment that night.Yin Daoyi is a bully in the Nashan area, who has always oppressed the people. He is also Wang Zuo's old enemy.When Mao Zedong, Wang Zuo and others led hundreds of people to Shimen in the early morning of the next day, Yin Daoyi heard the news and fled. Yimin, a company leader of the Workers’ and Peasants’ Revolutionary Army, led a team to rush into the village first, killing dozens of regiments and smashing the guards. Department, and then returned to Oi.Mao Zedong gave Wang Zuo all the dozens of guns he had seized.Wang Zuobu and Mao Zedong donated 70 guns, a sudden increase of more than 80 guns, and the troops were beaming. The next day, Wang Zuo happily came to Xinwuchang, where Mao Zedong lived, and sincerely invited the Workers' and Peasants' Revolutionary Army to station in Ciping, the residence of Wang Zuo's headquarters, which is wider than Dajing. Mao Zedong was very grateful to Wang Zuo for his kindness. During the "August 7th" meeting, Mao Zedong once told Qu Qiubai that he wanted to "go up the mountain and make friends with the green forest".Unexpectedly, just over a month after the Autumn Harvest Uprising went south, I really met Yuan Wencai and Wang Zuo, two "green forest friends" in Jinggangshan. On October 27, Mao Zedong led the Revolutionary Army of Workers and Peasants into Ciping. Ciping, historically known as Shiping, also known as Shiping.The former theory is that this area is named after the rich persimmons, and the latter theory is that there is a scholar who has passed the test of flowers.Ciping is located at the border of Hunan and Jiangxi, surrounded by lofty mountains and towering ancient trees. Dozens of families lived there. It was the largest village around Jinggang Mountain at that time. After interacting with Wang Zuo, Mao Zedong felt that Wang Zuo was more forthright and straightforward than Yuan Wencai.After arriving in Ciping, Mao Zedong felt that this place was indeed a good place, with good mountain danger and good people, but the population was too small and the food production was not much. Although it was good for garrisoning troops, it was difficult to raise them. A few days later, Wan Xi led a battalion and two companies to complete the plan to attract the enemy in the Cha and You areas, and then came to Ciping with a batch of foreign currency and a large bundle of newspapers.The reunion of the two battalions of the Workers' and Peasants' Revolutionary Army after the robbery made people very happy.这时的茨坪，红旗招展，成了工农革命军的天下，到处充满欢声笑语。毛泽东也为得着时报感到高兴。 在茨坪，毛泽东经常与王佐谈心，有时彻夜长谈，启发王佐的思想觉悟。王佐常对人说，毛委员这个人是最有学问的，跟他谈上一夜话，真是胜读十年书啊！此后，毛泽东成了王佐心目中最敬佩的人。 在茨坪，毛泽东还抓紧时间，请来了李正龙、李和秀等五六个农民以及其他人士进行社会调查，了解井冈山的政治经济、风土人情及人民生活状况。根据毛泽东的指示，王佐在新遂边区的村子中招募了80多个新兵，然后将自己150余人的队伍云集在上井，进行整训、练兵。毛泽东应王佐之邀，指派工农革命军团部的艾成斌、刘堂富分别担任王佐部队的军事、政治教官，又调来在茅坪步云山帮助袁文才练兵的金蒙秀，协助王佐统管部队。此后，部队坚持三操（早操、午操、晚操）两讲（讲形势、讲军事）的有序练兵，是为“上井练兵”。这次练兵，使王佐部队的素质和战斗力有了较大的提高。 11月初，毛泽东率部回到了茅坪。工农革命军半月来的游击，无论是政治上、军事上都得到了进一步的锻炼和提高。茅坪也发生了一些变化。村里村外，到处是耀眼的标语，余贲民、袁文才已把茅坪“赤化”了。 毛泽东在茅坪听取了余贲民、袁文才有关半个月来茅坪革命工作的汇报，随后指示袁文才：立即通知永新、莲花、宁冈三县在茅坪藏匿、避难、坚持斗争的党内负责人到象山庵开会。 象山庵，是茅坪、马源坑进去的一个古庵，建于清康熙年间。繁华时曾有过近百个庵民，大革命时，成了袁文才农民自卫军的栖息之地，如今是工农革命军的后方留守处。古庵并排三栋三进，九殿十八井，雕梁画栋，气派非凡。 在象山庵里，毛泽东主持召开了永新、莲花、宁冈三县党组织负责人联席会议。这是个鲜为人知却对井冈山革命根据地的开创有着重要意义的会议。会议的中心议题是：重建和恢复边界党的组织，开展群众武装斗争活动。永新县的王怀、刘真、刘作述、贺敏学、朱昌偕、贺子珍；莲花县的朱亦岳、刘仁堪；宁冈县的龙超清、袁文才、刘辉霄等参加了会议。 毛泽东召开象山庵会议，是针对边界党组织的状况而决定的。10月间，工农革命军到达边界时，因为“马日事变”，边界各县只剩下若干避难藏匿的党员，党的组织差不多全被敌人破坏了。“红军每到一地，群众冷冷清清，经过宣传之后，才慢慢地起来。”要在罗霄山脉中段创造红色割据，党组织的重建乃是头等大事。为此，毛泽东到茨坪数天后，迅即回到茅坪，着手抓这件大事。 据当年参加会议的贺敏学回忆说：“毛泽东首先要大家汇报情况，以后又向大家作了关于武装斗争和土地革命的指示，并要求大家回去迅速地行动起来，建立党的组织，发动群众打土豪、分田地，筹款子，以巩固和发展地方自卫军。”贺敏学：《回忆毛主席在井冈山地区湘赣边界及永新县的革命斗争》。内部采访资料。当年宁冈县委组织部长刘克犹也回忆说：“毛泽东在象山庵召开的三县党组织负责人会议，我没有参加，后来党组织负责人传达了。我记得是：毛泽东说，现在各县要抓紧时间重建党的组织。目前，党组织的情况是工农分子太少，知识分子太多，所以党组织不巩固，革命不坚定。” 会议结束后，宁冈、永新，莲花等县迅速掀起了打土豪分浮财的群众性游击暴动，并在斗争中恢复和重建了党的组织。 对此，毛泽东在《井冈山前委给中央的报告》中说：“十一月到今年四月，为重新建立党的时期。”“到今年二月，宁冈、永新、茶陵、遂川都有了县委，酃县有了特区，莲花亦开始了党的组织，与万安县委亦发生了关系。”可见，象山庵会议是毛泽东开始创建井冈山根据地的重要一环。 工农革命军从茶陵回到宁冈后，毛泽东为了布置长期的斗争，针对部队“伤、亡、病、逃，损失甚易”和“军事技术太差”的状况，决定创办一个军官教导队，培养和训练下级军官以及边界各县的赤卫队指挥人员。 军官教导队设在砻市的龙江书院。龙江书院建于1840年，原是江西的宁冈，湖南的茶陵、酃县三县客籍捐款建起来的客籍子弟最高学府，建筑甚为宽阔、雄伟。 教导队的队长由吕赤担任。吕赤，四川人，黄埔四期学生，参加过北伐战争。三湾改编后，曾担任军官队的队长。这时候的军官队，人员已所剩无几了。选择吕赤出任军官教导队队长，足见毛泽东的知人善任。 1927年12月底，军官教导队创办起来了。学员共有100余人，都是从部队里及地方武装中选派的班长和积极分子。为把教导队办好，吕赤又挑选了懂军事技术的陈士榘、张令彬、陈伯钧来担任区队长，从部队中挑选袁炎飞和一个姓黄的山东人担任教官，并由蔡钟担任教导队党代表。 开学那天，举行了开学典礼。百余名学员服装各异，却精神抖擞，聚集在龙江书院“明道堂”，聆听毛泽东讲话。 毛泽东说：“同志们，军官教导队今天正式开学了。这是件值得庆贺的事情，你们是教导队的第一期学员，应该感到骄傲。从今天起，你们就要在这里学政治，学军事，学文化。人，不是在娘肚子里就懂马列主义，懂用兵打仗的，所以要学习。但要在短期内学好，也不是一件容易的事情，这就需要有移山倒海的气魄。我们共产党人闹革命，推翻军阀政府，消灭封建剥削，完成土地革命，也是一件不容易的事情，也需要有移山倒海的气魄！”“谭震林回忆”，1982年采访录音整理。 毛泽东的讲话，给学员很大鼓舞。 吕赤办学有方，训练有素。他将教导队编为三个区小队，陈士榘、张令彬、陈伯钧分任区小队长，要求各区小队从严治兵，按规办事，展开竞赛活动。 按照办学要求，教导队以军事教育为主，兼学政治、文化。军事方面有队列、单兵刺杀、地形地貌、军事指挥等练习内容；政治方面有阶级斗争、土地革命、政权建设等内容；文化方面则以解释“打倒帝国主义”、“推翻封建统治”、“实行土地革命”、“扩大人民武装”、“建立红色政权”等政治口号，开展识字活动，把学政治与学文化结合起来。此外，教导队还很注重实践，经常组织学员到附近农村、山地开展群众工作，进行实地军训。 毛泽东对教导队的工作很关心。有一天，进行单兵刺杀训练时，宁冈学员谢华光总是不得要领，气得袁炎飞教官想发脾气了。正巧毛泽东来了，他了解到这种情况后，启发谢华光要带着阶级仇恨来练，就好像敌人就在前头。受此启发后，谢华光刺杀得又狠又猛，步伐整齐，一时传为美谈。 有一天，党代表蔡钟请毛泽东给学员讲讲革命：什么叫革命？革什么命？怎样革命？蔡钟说他讲不透。 毛泽东应允了。他来到教导队，深入浅出地阐明“革命”的意义，使学员们一听就懂。时隔半个多世纪，当时的学员谭震林还能记忆犹新地讲述毛泽东怎样用湖南乡间常见的水车舂米的例子，来说明为什么要革命的道理。他说，毛泽东一边打着手势，一边说：“大家都知道舂米吧！舂米的方法，一个是你拿着棍棒，你顿一下，我顿一下，把谷子舂成米。另一个方法是用水车，上面安一根棒子，棒子上捆块石头，水一冲，水车不停地转动，下面的石臼就不停地舂米，这个方法就革了前一个方法的命，更进步了。还有一个方法就是用机器碾米，机器转动起来，谷子很快就变成米，这又是一场革命，又进步了。”“我们革命的目的是什么？革命的目的之一，就是要把所有用人力的生产，变成用机器的生产。要达到这个目的靠谁呢？靠群众自己。那么，群众怎么知道革命的道理呢？那就是靠我们共产党员去给他们讲。所以你们到哪一个地方，都要注意这个问题。”“谭震林回忆”，1982年采访录音整理。 由于经济上的困难，教导队的学习条件极差。没有桌子，学员们就用砖块架木板代替；没有凳子，就席地而坐；没有纸，就用竹片、笋壳、杉皮充当；没有笔和黑板，用木炭作笔在地上划。就这样，军官教导队的学员们在山乡的陋室里，顽强地学习，取得了出人意料的成效。 边界的斗争“一天比一天激烈”，教导队原定经常办下去，可第一期办至1928年2月下旬攻打宁冈新城时就结束了，直至“八月失败”后才在茨坪又办了一期。那时，工农革命军已改称中国工农红军第四军，教导队亦改称为中国工农红军第四军军官教导队。队长吕赤不幸在1928年3月间死于一起枪走火的意外事故，教导大队长便改为梁军担任，副大队长为周子昆，党代表为蔡会文。 在第一期教导队中学习的学员，结业后回到各自岗位，积极地投入了艰苦的斗争并担当重任。如：宁冈的谢华光担任了县赤卫大队长；莲花的刘仁堪担任了县工农兵政府主席等，他们在井冈山武装割据斗争中发挥了重要作用。 军官教导队的开办，为我军培育了一大批早期军事指挥人才，为罗霄山脉中段红色政权的创建造就了一支富有斗争经验的干部队伍，同时，也为我军后来创办各种军事训练班及军事院校提供了宝贵经验。 1928年元月初工农革命军打下遂川，缴获几百担白布，运回宁冈茅坪后，后方留守处负责人余贲民即按毛泽东指示，在茅坪桃寮村办起了根据地的第一个被服厂。首任厂长由余贲民兼任。 被服厂设在桃寮村的张家祠。说是被服厂，其实是把分散在茅坪周围坝上、牛亚陂、马沅坑等地的裁缝集中在一起，缝制军用衣被。一切全是土法上马：找来几块门板，用凳子架起当案板；采来“牛眼籽”（一种野生植物），加上茶梓壳粉、黄栀子粉掺和在一起做染料，把一匹匹白布染成灰色，或加点靛青染成蓝色配用。 在遂川，还缴获了6架缝纫机。可是，请来的几十位裁缝，终年生活在封闭的山沟，缝衣全系手工，谁也没有见过缝衣机，更谈不上使用了。为此，余贲民又报告毛泽东，毛泽东很快在部队找了6个会踏缝纫机的战士，送到被服厂当师傅。据当年在被服厂当工人的刘应龙回忆，这6个战士是：林善宾、罗华曙、吴千金、贺世喜、王志兵，还有一个忘记叫什么名字。 有了机器缝制，工效比手工提高了十几倍。为了让在前方打仗却依然穿着两层破旧单衣的革命军战士早日穿上新衣服，被服厂的工人干劲冲天，日夜加班。很快，一批军衣、军帽、子弹袋、干粮袋、绑腿等，源源不断地生产出来了。然后按数捆好，写上大小型号，统交辎重队队长范树德和团部后勤参谋杨立三分发给各连队。 毛泽东对被服厂的工作十分关心，赞赏。2月中旬，部队从遂川返回宁冈，毛泽东便同张子清等一起来到桃寮，看望被服厂工人，并为被服厂写了块厂牌，名曰“中国工农革命军被服厂”。可惜，这块厂牌后来被敌人烧毁了。 工农革命军在草林、于田等地分兵发动群众，打土豪筹款子时，还筹集到一批棉花，也运回桃寮，制作了一部分棉衣。 被服厂实行的是按劳取酬制。据当年的缝工刘应龙、李继祖等回忆，做一套衣服给130个铜板，快的每人每天可做4套，慢的做2到3套不等，统由组长收拢验收，然后付兑。 1928年4月，井冈山会师以后，被服厂已发展到130多人，分成13个作业组，流水作业，有力地保证了工农红军的军需供应。当时，余贲民凋任湘赣边界工农兵政府财政部任部长，被服厂厂长改由林善宾担任。厂里还成立了党的组织，制定一整套的管理办法，开始了较大规模的程序化生产。 桃寮被服厂的创办，充分体现了革命军自力更生、艰苦创业的精神。范树德在《井冈山斗争时期的后勤工作》中对此作了颇为详细的记述。他回忆说：“为了解决部队的穿衣问题，我们筹建了被服厂，用缴获来的各色布匹，加工、缝制军服，解决部队的一部分穿着问题。当时筹建被服厂一事，主要是由余贲民负责的……打遂川时，大概有6部缝纫机运上了井冈山……我记得，桃寮这个地方比较隐蔽，这几部缝纫机在这里被安装起来了，转动起来了，为我们在井冈山坚持斗争出了力……被服厂的产品，一般是根据需要来配发，按需要的缓急和现有东西的多少分别给下面以不同的补充。由此可见，我们军队的吃、穿、用，都是采取了取之于敌、取之于民，利用当地条件自力更生解决的。” 八月失败以后，被服厂从茅坪桃寮迁至茨坪的李家祠，继续开办。 桃寮被服厂的成功创办，在当时的简陋条件下是个奇迹。它对井冈山革命根据地的建立与发展，起了重大作用。