Chapter 13 Lecture 25 Kun Ning Restless

The husbands of the queens of the Kunning Palace in the Ming Dynasty were the 16 emperors of the Qianqing Palace.They are very hard to remember.I think it will be easier to remember if it is divided into three paragraphs.Which three paragraphs? The first paragraph - Hong (Wu), Jian (Wen), Yong (Le), Hong (Xi), Xuan (De) five emperors. What was the fate of the first empress of the 16 emperors of the Ming Dynasty?Let's count section by section, one by one: Empress Ma of Zhu Yuanzhang, Emperor Hongwu, was born in Suzhou (now Suzhou City, Anhui Province).His mother died early, and Ma Gong entrusted his little daughter to his friend Guo Zixing to raise him.Zhu Yuanzhang was under Guo Zixing, and Guo betrothed the adopted daughter to Zhu Yuanzhang.When Zhu Yuanzhang proclaimed himself emperor, this lady became Empress Ma.Empress Ma is uneducated, has suffered, and has gone through wars. History calls her "kind and wise, good book history" ("History of Ming Dynasty: Concubine Biography" Volume 13), that is, she is kind, wise, willing to think, and good at reading. .She accompanies her husband in ruling the Sixth House.Zhu Yuanzhang lived to be 71 years old, but Empress Ma died at the age of 51, 20 years earlier than her husband's death, which is unsatisfactory.

Empress Ma of Jianwen Emperor Zhu Yunqi was first the emperor's grandson concubine.After Emperor Jianwen succeeded to the throne, he was canonized as a queen. In the "Battle of Jingnan", Nanjing fell, and Empress Ma was buried in the fire.Emperor Jianwen ascended to the throne at the age of 22, reigned for four years, and was only 26 years old when he fell into trouble.At this time, Empress Ma was only in her twenties, and she was a victim of political struggle, which is very sad. Empress Xu of Yongle Emperor Zhu Di was the daughter of General Xu Da, King of Zhongshan.First, she became the concubine of Yan Wang, and when Yan Wang seized the throne and proclaimed herself emperor, she also became Empress Xu.However, Emperor Yongle moved the capital to Beijing and built the Palace of the Forbidden City in Beijing. Empress Xu died of illness at the age of 46 before taking the throne in Beijing Kunning Palace.He was buried in Changling of the Ming Tombs in Beijing.Empress Xu was smart and virtuous, and knew the general situation, but she died prematurely, and she was not in the Kunning Palace in Beijing, which is really a pity.

Empress Zhang of Hongxi Emperor Zhu Gaochi, a native of Yongcheng (now Yongcheng City, Shangqiu, Henan Province), was named the Princess Princess of Yan Wang in her early years.After King Yan proclaimed himself emperor, he was registered as the crown prince.This crown princess is very much liked and valued by her father-in-law, Emperor Yongle.The prince Zhu Gaochi was too fat, so fat that "he was too fat to ride and shoot". Emperor Yongle wanted to abolish the prince several times, but he did not abolish the prince because of his virtuous concubine (one of the reasons).The main way for the princess to help the prince lose weight is to "reduce food", that is, to eat less.Isn't there a jingle for losing weight-"Shut up and break your legs"?The way for the princess to help her husband, the prince, lose weight is to "reduce food and exercise more", and finally keep the seat of the prince.After the prince Zhu Gaochi succeeded to the throne, he was still overweight, which may be the "three highs"-hypertension, hyperlipidemia, and hyperglycemia. In the Palace of Qin'an, I was forty to eight years old." In fact, my husband only served as emperor for eight months, and passed away at the age of forty-eight. Empress Zhang was a widow in her prime, and she lived alone at night.

Empress Hu of Xuande Emperor Zhu Zhanji, a native of Jining, Shandong, was "abolished without fault".Why was it abolished?The history books answered like this: "At that time, Concubine Sun Guifei was favored, but she had no children and was prone to illness." Empress Hu did not have children and was often sick.How was it abolished?The history books also record: "After the emperor ordered her to resign, she retired to Chang'an Palace and was given the title Jingci Immortal Master, and the noble concubine was named the queen." ("Ming History·Empress Biography" Volume 13) Empress Hu wrote The resignation report, after the abolition, couldn't think about it, was disconcerted, and often wept. Later, he died of illness and was buried in Jinshan (Xishan).

The second paragraph-the five emperors of Zhengtong, Jingtai, Chenghua, Hongzhi, and Zhengde. The tragedy of Empress Qian of Zhu Qizhen, the orthodox emperor, has been described above. Empress Wang of Jingtai Emperor Zhu Qiyu, a native of Shuntian (now Beijing), was deposed for disobedience to the emperor.What's going on here?Concubine Hang of Emperor Jingtai gave birth to a son named Zhu Jianji, who wanted to be made the prince, and Zhu Jianshen, who was established by the orthodox emperor, was to be abolished. Empress Wang disagreed.This offended Emperor Jingtai, the abolished Queen Wang, and Queen Lihang.After the restoration of Ming Yingzong, Wang's family moved out of the palace after the abolition, and his home was ransacked.After the abolition, Wang's mood was depressed, and he died of illness soon. He was buried in Jinshan (Xishan) with the ceremony of concubine.

Empress Wu of Chenghua Emperor Zhu Jianshen, from Shuntian (now Beijing), was angry because Emperor Chenghua doted on Concubine Wan Gui, who was 17 years older than her husband. Of". "Beat a dog to see the owner", how can you beat Wan Guifei without looking at the owner!Emperor Chenghua was furious and ordered to abolish Empress Wu. Empress Zhang of Hongzhi Emperor Zhu Youtang, a native of Xingji (now Qingxian County, Hebei Province), became a queen, but she was widowed young because her husband died at the age of 36, so she could not be counted as "full moon life".

Empress Xia of Zhengde Emperor Zhu Houzhao met the mischievous husband emperor, and the husband died at the age of 31, and he was also young and widowed.His later father, Xia Ru, was a long-standing man and was already rich. He was praised for "when he eats food like common clothes, he will not know that he is a relative" (Volume 300 of "History of Ming Dynasty Xia Ru Biography"). The third paragraph - Jia (Jing), Long (Qing), Wan (Li), Tai (Chang), Tian (Qi), the five emperors. Empress Chen, the daughter of Jiajing Emperor Zhu Houcong, was a miserable tragedy, as mentioned above.Chen Wanyan, the father of Empress Su (Empress Chen of Jiajing), is a famous person and a family member.In the first year of Jiajing's reign, Hongluqing was granted the honor, changed to the governor Tongzhi, and given the title of Huanghuafang.Next year, the imperial edict to restore the camp will be outside the gate of Xi'an, and the cost will be hundreds of thousands.Zhao Huang, Shangshu of the Ministry of Industry, said that Xi'an Gate is close to Da Nei, so the government should not be too high.The emperor was angry, and Zhai Lin, the chief executive officer of the camp, was arrested and sent to prison.The speech officer Yu Zan and others remonstrated, unconscious.Find the title of Bo Wanyan Taihe, and his son Shaozu grants Shangbao Si Cheng.Next year, Wan Yan begged Wuqing and Dong'an to have a thousand hectares of farmland each, and ordered the Ministry of Households to survey and give them idle land.During the incident, Zhang Hanqing said: "Thousands of words are drawn from Confucianism, married to the heavenly family, should bow to self-examination, advocate for Qi Li, and pretend to beg for Chen, violate the law. Last year, it was snowing in the deep winter, and there was a big rush. Number one, the fatigue of the servants, complaints and consultations. Now disasters are coming one after another. People who starve to death in the Jianghuai River and Huaihe River are digging holes and burying them. Tens of thousands of them are buried. Wanyan has never thought about it. Please ask Zhuangtian. Xiaomin, one shop, one Mu, who works hard throughout the year, is still not enough for food. If you cut it off and give it to your relatives, you will not be able to get it. Fu Wang cuts off grace with righteousness, Du Jian uses law, and everything is suppressed, so as to protect the extension of the rank and salary. "Emperor Actually gave it with 800 hectares.The governor Liu Lin and the censor Ren Luofu said that it is not appropriate to seize the people's land, so don't listen.In seven years, the queen died, and all words were exhausted.After fourteen years of death, the son shall not be granted an heir. ("History of Ming Dynasty Chen Wanyan Biography" Volume 300)

Empress Li of Zhu Zaihou, Emperor Longqing, was born in Changping (now Changping District, Beijing). Although she gave birth to a son, she died at the age of four, and she died before her husband succeeded to the throne. Posthumously sealed. The queen and queen of Wanli Emperor Zhu Yijun, from Yuyao (now Yuyao City, Zhejiang Province), met a husband who doted on Concubine Zheng, and she could only swallow her anger, smile on her face, and feel sad inside, and she had no children.

Taichang Emperor Zhu Changluo's Queen Guo, a native of Shuntian (now Beijing), died before her husband succeeded to the throne, and the queen's emblem was posthumously granted. Empress Zhang of Tianqi Emperor Zhu Youxiao, a native of Xiangfu (now Kaifeng City, Henan Province), not only did not have a son, but her husband died at the age of 23, and she committed suicide after Li Zicheng entered the Ming Palace.Her tragic life will be described in detail later. The above three paragraphs, each with five characters, are a total of 15 emperors and their first queens.Someone said: "There were sixteen emperors in the Ming Dynasty, and there is still one missing!" I said: "Yes! That one is easy to remember-the Ming Dynasty is over when Chongzhen hanged himself!"

Empress Zhou of Chongzhen Emperor Zhu Youjian, a native of Suzhou (now Suzhou City, Jiangsu Province), as I wrote earlier, was forced to hang herself, which is even more tragic. What about the fate of the first empress of the 12 emperors of the Qing Dynasty?