Chapter 54 3. The Beauty of the North Sea

Beihai is called Beihai (now Beihai Park) because it is in the north of Xiyuan Haizi (Taiye Pool).First there was Taiye Pool, and then there was Beijing City.As early as the sixth year of Jin Dading (1166), the Daning Palace was built.Jin Zhangzong once traveled here with his favorite concubine, and they wrote poems to each other.The emperor issued the first couplet and said: "Two people sit on the ground." The concubine said to the second couplet: "The sun will be bright in January." Yuan built the imperial palace with Taiye as the center.Based on this, the Ming Dynasty built a new palace.The Qing Dynasty followed the old ones of the Ming Dynasty and developed them to form the present pattern.The Beihai pavilions, rocks and trees, rippling blue waves and gorgeous scenery are the crown of beauty among the three seas.

Tuancheng jade urn, there is Tuancheng in the southwest of the main entrance of Beihai, that is, Yuancheng, which was originally a small island in the south of Qionghua Island.The Chengguang Hall on Yushang is the main building in Tuancheng. The 1.5-meter-high Jade Buddha is enshrined in the hall, which is carved from a single piece of jade.The Eight-Power Allied Forces invaded Beijing, and the left arm of the Jade Buddha was cut, and the scar remains to this day.There are currently 40 ancient trees in Tuancheng, the most famous of which are two ancient pines: "Yin Hou" and "White Robe General".Legend has it that Emperor Qianlong once visited Tuancheng, and it was very hot, and he sat under the pine tree, the breeze was blowing on his face, and the heat and sweat disappeared. He named this Chinese pine as "Shade Marquis" and wrote the poem "Guoguo Xing" to express his feelings.Later, the ancient white bark pine on the south side was named "White Robe General".Today, two ancient trees still stand on Tuancheng.The jade urn in Tuancheng, commonly known as "Da Yuhai", weighs more than 300 kilograms. It took dozens of craftsmen five years to carve it, and it has been more than 700 years.It was first placed in Guanghan Hall.In the seventh year of Wanli in Ming Dynasty (1579), Guanghan Hall collapsed and moved to Zhenwu Temple.Emperor Qianlong of the Qing Dynasty bought it from the Taoist priests of Zhenwu Temple and placed it in Tuancheng.And engraved three "Songs of the Imperial Jade Urn" in the chamber of the urn, more than 800 yu.

Baita Mountain is named after the White Pagoda on Qionghua Island.Qionghua Island is the location of the Yaoyu Palace in the Liao Dynasty, the Daning Palace in the Jin Dynasty, the Guanghan Palace in the Yuan and Ming Dynasties and the Qingbai Pagoda.In the eighth year of Shunzhi in the Qing Dynasty (1651), a bowl-shaped white pagoda was built on the mountain. The top of the pagoda is 112 meters high (the tower is 35.9 meters high), and the maximum diameter of the pagoda belly is 14 meters. It is the highest point in the city.Inside the White Pagoda is a 28.8-meter-high column that reaches the sky. A gold box is placed on the top of the column, and there are relics inside.There are horn poles, dragon flags, lanterns, and signal cannons on the tower. Once there is an alarm, flags will be hung during the day, lights will be hung at night, and signal cannons will be sent to send an alarm. After the Tangshan Earthquake in 1976, a gilt-bronze cylindrical relic box containing 19 relics was found during maintenance.Then put the box back into the tower.Why build the White Tower?

As early as the seventh year of Chongde in the Qing Dynasty (1642), the Dalai Lama sent living Buddhas to the Shengjing Shenyang to pay homage to Huang Taiji.After the Qing established Beijing as its capital, the fifth Dalai Lama would come to Beijing to have an audience with Emperor Shunqia.In the eighth year of Shunzhi (1652), Emperor Shunzhi built the White Pagoda of Yong'an Temple in Beihai and the Yellow Temple outside Andingmen to welcome the fifth Dalai Lama to Beijing.In December of the following year, the fifth Dalai Lama and his party came to Beijing. Emperor Shunzhi met the fifth Dalai Lama in Nanyuan and the Hall of Supreme Harmony (Vol. , Tibetan gold book and gold seal, canonizing the Dalai Lama as "the Dalai Lama, the Dalai Lama, the Dalai Lama, the Dalai Lama, the Dalai Lama, the Dalai Lama, the Dalai Lama, the Dalai Lama, the Dalai Lama, and the Dalai Lama.Later, the Potala Palace in Lhasa was rebuilt.

The Qingxiao Tower to the west of the White Pagoda is condescending, where the emperors and empresses of the Qing Dynasty watched ice play.By the Taiye Pool in the north of the mountain, there are 25 extension buildings, which are in the shape of a half moon and surrounded by left and right. This is the Yuegu Building.The inner wall of the building is inlaid with 495 square stone inscriptions of "Sanxitang Fatie", including more than 300 works of more than 100 famous calligraphers from the Wei and Jin Dynasties to the end of the Ming Dynasty.Emperor Qianlong's poem said: "May I ask why Yanlou is named? Sanxi historic sites gather elites." Because of reading ancient famous buildings.Yuegulou stone carvings are the most complete collection of ancient calligraphy and stone carvings in China.Its support and director is Emperor Yongzheng's fifth son and prince Hongzhou.Emperor Yongzheng had 10 sons, 6 of whom died early.After Emperor Yongzheng succeeded to the throne, there were still four sons left. Among them, the third son of the emperor died after cutting his family status, and the sixth son Hongluo (yan) was adopted by Prince Guo Yunli. In fact, only the fourth son Hongli and the fifth son Hongzhou .In the eleventh year of Yongzheng (1733), Hongzhou was granted the title of Prince He.

After Emperor Qianlong ascended the throne, there was only one younger brother, Hong Zhou, who was named King of Discussion.Hongzhou was a young man who resisted arrogantly. Once, the emperor's brothers collided with each other. He supervised the examination of the Eight Banners in the Zhengda Guangming Hall.Hong Zhou said, "Do you doubt that I will buy the scholar?" Tomorrow, Hong Zhou will go to court to apologize.Emperor Qianlong said: "If you answered one word yesterday, you will be crushed!" (If you said one more word yesterday, you would be crushed into powder) But he treated Hongzhou as before.Hong Zhou likes wealth, and the old capital of Prince Yong's mansion was given to Hong Zhou.Hong Zhou likes to talk about funerals, saying: "There is no one who survives a hundred years, what is the taboo?" Let the family mourn and mourn, but he ate and drank, played and had fun.It is also used as a funeral utensil - Ding Yi pan Yu, etc., placed next to the table and the bed.Thirty-five years of Qianlong (1770), died, sixty years. (Volume 220 of "Manuscripts of Qing History Zhu Wang Zhuan") He was good at calligraphy and painting, and there are "Ji Gu Zhai Ji" and calligraphy preserved in the world.Mr. Aixinjueluo Qixiang, the ninth grandson of Emperor Yongzheng and the eighth grandson of Prince Hongzhou, is a famous contemporary calligrapher.He collected Hong Zhou's calligraphy works, and wrote the film and book titles for "The Great Palace".

On the downstairs of Yuegu, to the east is Yilan Hall, which is now the first Fangshan restaurant in Beijing.In the west is Daoningzhai—connecting 60 extension buildings, forming a semicircle against the shade of the mountain, with a 300-meter-long white marble guardrail around the corridor of the extension building, and a small castle-style building at each end, leaning on the east pole. Qinglou is divided into Liangge at the end of the west. On the north shore of Beihai, from east to west, there are Jingqingzhai (Jingxinzhai), Tianwang Hall, Nine Dragon Wall, Tieying Wall, Wulong Pavilion, Xiaoxitian and other landscapes.Jingqingzhai is beautifully built. It used to be the study of Emperor Qianlong and the princes, and it was also the place where Empress Dowager Cixi spent her summer.

The Wanfo Building, built by Emperor Qianlong for his mother's 80th birthday, is a three-story hall with golden Buddhas: 4,956 on the bottom floor, 3,048 on the middle floor, and 2,095 on the upper floor, with a total of 10,099 statues.Hence the name "Wanfo Tower", implying the longevity of the Queen Mother and the emperor's "Ninth Five-Year Honor".Emperor Qianlong once ordered the ministers of culture and military affairs and the officials of the frontier to donate one golden Buddha each. The big golden Buddha is 188 taels of 8 coins, and the small golden Buddha is 58 taels of money, both of which also contain the word "eight".These golden Buddhas were all snatched by the Japanese army in the Eight-Power Allied Forces.Wanfo Tower "birds come and go in the mountains, people sing and people cry in the water", read the vicissitudes of life.

To the east of the White Pagoda, there is a semicircular brick city with palaces built on the city and archways built in the east of the city. The structure is exquisite and quite distinctive.The stele "Qingdao Chunyin" written by Emperor Qianlong of the Qing Dynasty stands in the depths of the green shade. In the northeast of Qionghua Island and on the east bank of Taiye Pool, there were two docks built in the Ming Dynasty, one for dragon boats and the other for phoenix boats.The dragon boat is 33.89 meters long and 9.17 meters wide. There are towers built on it, decorated with colorful knots and decorated with gold.On the east side of the dock are Haopujian and Huafangzhai.The center of Haopujian is a water pavilion, facing water on three sides and surrounded by mountains.There is a nine-curved stone bridge with carved railings on the pool, which is exquisitely designed and full of poetic and picturesque flavors. It is the best scene in Beihai gardening.To the north of Haopujian is Huafangzhai, which is built on the water. It is as picturesque as a boat floating on water. It is true: "The cloth mat is only suspected of sitting on the sky, but it is different from the mirror swimming in the middle by leaning on the railing." So it is called Huafangzhai.

The whole Xiyuan is like a poem and picturesque, with thousands of victories, and the garden of the imperial city is crowned with this. The layout of the palace city and gardens in the Yuan Dynasty is: "Taiye is the main place, and the palace is the guest." Ming is the opposite: "The palace is the main place, and Taiye is the guest." The root cause lies in culture: Mongolian grassland culture, cattle Sheep are the source of food and clothing, cattle and sheep rely on grass, grass depends on water, and water is the source of life in grasslands.Emperor Yongle of the Ming Dynasty grew up in Ze Township, a water country in the south of the Yangtze River with farming culture. Safety was the most important thing, followed by water.The difference between grassland culture and farming culture resulted in different subject-object relationships in the layout of palace cities and gardens in Yuan and Ming Dynasties.