Chapter 16 Chapter 48

Emperor Kangxi had 35 sons. The eldest son of Emperor Kangxi, Yunti, Ti, the phonetic title of "Kangxi Dictionary", and the sound of Shi, the phonetic branch of "Zhengyun", the phonetic branch of Manchu; , Manchu pronunciation in ceng, Yin Yuncheng, Nalan Chengde changed his name to Nalan Xingde because he violated the name taboo of the crown prince; the third son of the emperor Yunzhi, Zhi, "Ci Hai" sound stop, "Ji Yun" sound shame, full voice Shame; the fourth son of the emperor Yinzhen, 禄, "Ji Yun" sounds true, the Manchu pronunciation is in jen, and the sound is Yinzhen; Changed to Yunyu, Yu, Yinti.The eldest son of the emperor, Yunti, is the Beizi, and his mother is the concubine Hui Nalashi, who came from a "lowly".The second son of the emperor, Yunfeng (sound "still", Manchu pronunciation "cheng") is the eldest son, and his mother Hesheli was born in a family of meritorious nobles in Manchuria. The daughter of Bula, her uncle is Suo'etu, a great scholar.Hesheli was registered as the queen in the fourth year of Kangxi (1665). This year, Emperor Kangxi was 12 years old (false age), and Hesheli was 13 years old (false age).In the thirteenth year of Kangxi (1674), Yunfeng, the second son of the emperor, was born.This year, Emperor Kangxi was 21 years old and Hesheli was 22 years old.Unfortunately, the day when Hesheli gave birth to Yunfeng collapsed, which indicated that Yunfeng's life would have a fate of ups and downs.

When Yunfeng was two years old, he was established as the crown prince by Emperor Kangxi with the order of the empress dowager and the empress dowager.This is an unprecedented move by the Qing Dynasty.When the crown prince was young, Emperor Kangxi personally taught him to read.Yunfeng began to go to school at the age of 6, and the emperor invited Zhang Ying, a bachelor, to be his master.Yunfeng is smart, intelligent, hard-working, proficient in Manchu and Chinese characters, proficient in riding and shooting, and is very popular with the emperor.He drank a lot, "drinking dozens of giant gongs (gong, ancient wine vessel) without getting drunk". (Volume 234 of "Records of the Holy Ancestors of the Qing Dynasty") Emperor Kangxi appointed Yunfeng as the crown prince and had a successor, but it caused three kinds of conflicts: one was the gradual formation of a princeling party headed by Suo'etu in the middle of the court, and the other was that Two groups formed among the princes to support or attempt to replace the prince. Third, the contradiction between the imperial power of the court and the prince became increasingly prominent.The flash point of these three pairs of contradictions was in September of the forty-seventh year of Kangxi (1708), when Emperor Kangxi announced in front of the kings, ministers and princes: "In the past, Suo'etu helped Iraq to plot important events, and I knew about it. Suo'etu was executed because of love. Now Yunfeng wants to avenge Suo'etu and form a party member, which makes me unsure whether I will be poisoned today and killed tomorrow, and I will be cautious day and night." ("Records of the Holy Ancestors of Qing Dynasty" Volume 23 Fourteen) Kangxi announced the edict, and wept and wept. After the edict was announced, he wept bitterly.After Emperor Kangxi abolished the crown prince and returned to Beijing, he first imprisoned Yunfeng in a felt tent next to the Shangsi courtyard, and then in Xian'an Palace (now Shou'an Palace).This year, Emperor Kangxi was 55 years old, and the crown prince was 35 years old (he has been the crown prince for 33 years).After the crown prince was abolished, the dispute between the courtiers and the prince for the crown prince not only did not resolve, but intensified instead.In March of the following year, Emperor Kangxi announced that Yunfeng would be restored as the crown prince.Three years later, on the first day of October in the fifty-first year of Kangxi (1712), Emperor Kangxi issued an edict: "Abolish the prince and imprison the Xian'an Palace." , Emperor Kangxi fell seriously ill.

Emperor Kangxi had a heart problem in his later years, which was the problem of resettlement for the abolished prince Yunfeng.He was looking for a safe and proper place to place Yunfeng. Yunfeng has 12 sons and 8 daughters. This big family has been imprisoned in Xian'an Palace for a long time, which is not proper and not a long-term solution.Hongxi, the second son of Yunfeng, was named the Prince of Li, and his grandson Yongyan was appointed General of Guangzhou, General of Heilongjiang, and General of Shengjing.A difficult problem facing Emperor Kangxi at that time was how to arrange the deposed prince Yunfeng and his family during his lifetime and after his death?In his later years, Emperor Kangxi found a treasure land 20 kilometers north of Deshengmen, and began to build a mansion for the deposed prince Yunfeng, as well as a palace for himself.From this arrangement, it can be seen that Emperor Kangxi, as a father, hated and loved the second son of the emperor whom he single-handedly trained.What she hates is that he is so ineffective that she forced herself to abolish him; what she loves is that after all, this is her son who lost his mother when he was young, and he must be settled well during his lifetime to prevent the princes behind him from killing each other.

The historical site of Zhenggezhuang, Zhenggezhuang Village, Beiqijia Town, Changping District, Beijing. After 1949, there are still more than 100 meters of remnants of the city wall of Zhenggezhuang. In the census of cultural relics in Beijing in 1958, there were still about 500 meters of earthen walls here; there was the ruins of the south gate of the city, and a white marble plaque on the south gate (the main gate) was preserved, with the regular script "Laixun gate".According to actual measurements, the ruins of Zhenggezhuang imperial city are 570 meters long from east to west, 510 meters long from north to south, with a total area of ​​nearly 300,000 square meters; The total length is 2176 meters.According to field investigations by the author and Mr. Huang Fushui, Hao Yuzeng, Li Yongkuan, Jiang Guozhen, etc. of the village, in the southeast corner of the imperial city of Zhenggezhuang, there is a section of the ruins of the city wall, including the remains of the wall foundation and the gray city bricks.Outside the city wall is the moat, and the moats on the east, south and west sides are basically preserved. In 2006, a well was unearthed, which is the Tongjingbang, which coincides with the folklore "Golden Well" (the actual measurement and investigation data of the palaces and palaces of Zhengzheng in the Qing Dynasty can be mutually confirmed and basically consistent with the archives and literature records.), Now there are remains of the city wall, the remains of the moat, and the well of the copper ring (that is, Tongbang). For a long time, there have been different opinions about who lived in this large architectural relic.The most widespread legend is that there is a local village called "Pingxi Mansion", so people say that it used to be the palace of Wu Sangui, king of Pingxi in the early Qing Dynasty.

In 2008, at the invitation of Mr. Huang Fushui, the leader of Zheng Gezhuang, I went there to inspect the ruins. After returning home, I concentrated my time and searched the information. I only found some clues, but the problem was not solved.Ask friends in the same industry for advice, but can't get a solution.It seems that the existing Chinese materials cannot be solved, and the only hope is the Manchu files.The Manchu archives of the Qing Dynasty are mainly preserved in the First Historical Archives of China and the National Palace Museum in Taipei.It just so happened that Fo Guang University in Taiwan invited me to be a visiting professor, so I was invited to Taiwan.Many experts of the National Palace Museum in Taipei, such as former director Zhou Gongxin, director Feng Mingzhu, and professor Zhuang Jifa, are my old friends.I discussed with them to find the key points and asked them for help.

God pays off.A Manchu file of the Qing Household Office on the completion of the Zhengjiazhuang Palace and the Palace was found in the Library and Documentation Department of the National Palace Museum in Taipei.This Manchu file records in detail the completion materials of the Kangxi Palace and the Palace in Zhenggezhuang.Dimensions such as the length of the city wall and the width of the moat are in line with the actual situation of the present ruins and remains, as recorded in the summary: The servants and others supervised the construction of 290 large and small houses in the palace, 96 verandahs, 189 large and small houses in the palace, ten city towers, two city gates, and a city wall of 590 feet nine feet and five inches in size. There are ten stone bridges, fifteen wells, 524 feet of repaired earthen walls, 667 feet of moats and 1,973 rooms of dining and tea rooms, soldiers’ houses and shops. , The rammed earth wall is five thousand three hundred and fifty feet seven feet one inch.To build these projects, a total of two hundred and sixty-eight thousand seven hundred and sixty-two taels and five cents and six cents and three cents of silver are shared.The remaining silver is fifteen taels, six cents and seven cents.Now that the project is completed, the rest of the silver will be handed over to the Ministry.For this reason, I would like to report. ["Shang Zhixun, a doctor of Shangsiyuan, etc. reported the number of silver used in the construction of Zhengjiazhuang's palace" (Manchu), October 16, 60th year of Kangxi, translated by Guo Meilan, collected by the National Palace Museum in Taipei]

However, isolated evidence does not stand.There are only project completion files, which seems to be insufficient evidence.I think that since there are Manchu files for the completion of this project, there should also be Manchu files for its start.Since the start-up archives of this project are not in the National Palace Museum in Taipei, they may be in the China First Historical Archives in Beijing.After returning to Beijing, I went to the First Historical Archives of China to meet with director Zou Ailian and researcher Guo Meilan, an expert on Manchu archives.I discussed with them that there are more than 2 million Manchu archives, some of which are still dusty and have not been sorted out, how to start?I said that we can start from the archives of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the Qing Dynasty; there are too many archives of the Ministry of Internal Affairs, we can start from the archives of the Ministry of Internal Affairs; The five-year backward investigation started from the fifty-fifth year of Kangxi (1716).After more than 20 days of searching, researcher Guo Meilan finally found the Kangxi Palace and Palace Project in Zheng Gezhuang. On the fifth day of December in the fifty-seventh year of Kangxi (1718), the Manchu memorial and Zhu Zhu's approval for the construction of the project were found.The main content, the Chinese translation is as follows:

To the north of the palace, according to the example of the house where the fourteenth prince (Yun Yu) lived, the courtyard was widened, the back platform, the front wing building, and the back building were removed, and houses were replaced by houses to build a palace.Among them, there are five large yamen, with pillars one zhang and five chi high, which are the top of Xieshan mountain with eleven purlins.There are five main rooms in the north, and the height of the pillars is one foot and four feet, which is the top of the mountain with nine purlins.There are five gates, and the height of the pillars is one foot, three feet and five inches. It is the top of the mountain with seven purlins.There are five side rooms on each side of the big yamen, and the height of the pillars is one foot and two feet. It is a hard mountain top with seven purlins.There are three side rooms on each side, with a column height of one foot and two feet, which is a hard mountain top with seven purlins.There are nineteen huts, with columns one foot high, in the style of seven purlins and hard mountains.There are three small yamen, the pillars are one foot and three feet high, and they are the top of the mountain with seven purlins.There are six houses on each side of it, and the height of the pillars is one foot.There are five houses on each side of the small yamen, and the pillars are nine feet five inches high.There are ten small houses on each side, and the pillars are eight feet high, forming a hard mountain top.There are four clean rooms, with columns seven feet high, and a four-purlin hard mountain top.There are 15 outlying rooms, 36 storage rooms, 30 storehouses, 15 forage rooms, 1 gate, 8 feet high pillars, and 20 stables. , the column is nine feet high, and it is the top of the mountain with seven purlins.The wall is 124 feet long, 1 foot 2 feet high and 2 feet 4 inches wide.The partition wall is one hundred and ninety-six feet high, eight feet five inches high, and one foot six inches wide.The Yong Road is thirty-eight feet and five feet (square bricks are paved in the middle, and city bricks are inlaid on both sides). ("Records of the Ministry of Internal Affairs and Others for Auditing the Money and Food Needed for the Construction of Mafang City in Zhengjiazhuang" [Manchu], translated by Guo Meilan on the fifth day of December in the fifty-seventh year of Kangxi, and collected by the First Historical Archives of China)

The Manchu historical archives of the Qing Palace collected in Taipei and Beijing respectively record the actual construction and completion of the Kangxi Palace in Zhenggezhuang and the Prince Li's Mansion clearly, and the historical facts are conclusive. The information obtained through actual measurement and investigation, It can be mutually confirmed with the archives and literature records, and the palms of the hands are consistent.So far, this historical mystery has been solved.It turns out that the treasure land 20 kilometers north of Deshengmen in Kangxi's later years is located in today's Zhenggezhuang, Beiqijia Town, Changping District, Beijing.

The main feature of the palace and palace in Zhengjiazhuang in the Qing Dynasty is different from other palaces and palaces in the Qing Dynasty. The main feature is that the palace and the palace are located in the same place outside Beijing, and they are surrounded by city walls and moats. Here, the Wenyu River lies in the north, and the river winds its way to the east. After reaching Tongzhou, it meets the Tonghui River and leads directly to the North Canal. Therefore, it has a unique waterway.It faces Tangquan (now Xiaotangshan Hot Spring) across the river.As early as the Yuan and Ming Dynasties, it was the royal land for raising horses.Later, when Emperor Qianlong returned from Jiangnan, he abandoned his boat in Tongzhou and boarded a car to return to the imperial palace; and arranged for the elderly Empress Dowager Xiaohui to continue to take the boat along the Tonghui River and Wenyu River to disembark at Zhengjiazhuang Royal Wharf, and then take a sedan chair back to Changchun Garden.

The Zhengjiazhuang palace and the palace are interdependent, and the palace is integrated.The palace was built with reference to the palace of the 14th elder brother Yunti. It has complete facilities and is self-contained, isolated from the outside world.There are many palaces in Kangxi and even more in Qing Dynasty, but the palaces and palaces of Zhenggezhuang in Qing Dynasty have their own characteristics and value: in Qing Dynasty, there is only one emperor's palace in Zhenggezhuang, which has both city walls and moats.The Summer Resort, Changchun Garden, Nanyuan, Yuanmingyuan, and Qingyi Garden (Summer Palace) have walls but no moats.In the Qing Dynasty, there was only one Zhenggezhuang where the city wall and the moat were combined, and the palace and the palace were in the same city.