The picture shows the empress dowager Xiaozhuang who experienced the five dynasties and was the young master of the two assistants. She has the most stories and the most legendary in the Qing Dynasty
Empress Dowager Xiaozhuang, Borjigit, is the daughter-in-law of Nurhachi, Concubine Zhuang of Huangtaiji Yongfu Palace, the biological mother of Emperor Shunzhi, and the grandmother of Emperor Kangxi.She is witty and good at strategy. She has experienced the five dynasties of Tianming, Tiancong, Chongde, Shunzhi, and Kangxi. She was the only empress dowager in the Qing Dynasty.She made great contributions to the Qing Dynasty and has many stories.There are various rumors and stories about the relationship between Empress Dowager Xiaozhuang and Dorgon.The most widely rumored and well-known today is the so-called "The Empress Dowager Marries".
In the first volume of "Grand Views of Unofficial History of the Qing Dynasty" published in the early years of the Republic of China, there are three articles that specifically record the marriage of the queen mother.In the eighth year of the Republic of China (1919), the "Anecdote of Dorgon" written by "Ancient and Rare Old Man" is even more remembered as if he had seen it personally, saying that "the situation of the court at that time was in danger", "the empress dowager was young and beautiful, and she was crowned in the harem. The nature is particularly alert...so it is better to sacrifice one's life to achieve a great cause."But Dorgon was originally lustful, and at this time, he was banned from entering and leaving the palace on the grounds of Chen Zuo's secret.Some people also used Emperor Shunzhi's words to think that Xiao Zhuang moved to live in Prince Rui's Mansion: "When Prince Rui was in charge, the Empress Dowager and I lived in a separate palace. It took months and months before we saw each other, so that the Empress Dowager was haunted by it." ( "Records of the Ancestors of the Qing Dynasty" Volume 143).There are still people who believe that "the queen mother married" is true, and put forward the following nine reasons.Let me analyze them one by one.
First, Concubine Zhuang married to preserve her son's throne.The succession of Emperor Shunzhi was the result of complex struggles and mutual compromises among various political forces, not the result of Concubine Zhuang's commitment to Dorgon.
Second, it is a Manchurian custom for a brother to marry his sister-in-law.There is indeed such an old custom in Manchuria, but the existence of such a custom does not prove that Dorgon must have married his sister-in-law.
Third, call Dorgon "the emperor's father and regent".This is a respectful title, just like Emperor Guangxu called Empress Dowager Cixi "Huang Ama" (the emperor's father).
Fourth, it is recorded in Jiang Liangqi's "Donghualu".The book says that Dorgon "visited the inner courtyard of the palace", which is the Palace of Compassion and Ning.Gao Yang believes that it most likely refers to the fact that Xiaozhuang and Dorgon are in love.There may or may not be love affairs, but this does not prove that the Queen Mother married Dorgon.
Fifth, Empress Dowager Xiaozhuang was buried in Zhaoxi Mausoleum after her death 1717) on the sixth day of December, seventy-seven years; Empress Dowager Xiaosheng died of illness on the twenty-third day of the first lunar month in the forty-second year of Qianlong (1777), eighty-six years: the time of death was in the first month of December.This is the season that deserves the attention of elderly and infirm patients.The Zhaoxi Mausoleum of the Eastern Tomb of the Qing Dynasty is called Zhaoxi Mausoleum because it faces the west of Zhaoling Mausoleum in the prosperous capital of Huang Taiji.Both the Empress Dowager Xiaozhuang and Emperor Kangxi explained: "Emperor Taizong Wen's Zi Palace has been enshrined for a long time, so don't move it lightly for me. Besides, I love your emperor father and you, and I can't bear to go away. I work near Xiaoling, If I choose an auspicious house (cuo), I will have no regrets.” (Volume 132 of "Records of the Holy Ancestors of the Qing Dynasty") The Empress Dowager did not want to disturb Taizong's dead soul, but was willing to be with her children and grandchildren.
Sixth, some people say that they have seen "The Empress Dowager's Marriage Edict".If this edict really exists, it must be identified and registered. Many people have read it, and it will not be seen by only one person.History cannot be judged by one person's words.
Seventh, Zhang Huangyan recorded this event in the late Ming Dynasty.Zhang Huangyan (Cangshui) "Jianyi Palace Ci": "The Shangshou Cup is a Heshen bottle, and the Lansheng Gate in the Cining Palace. The Spring Official entered the Xinyi Note yesterday, and the big gift is the Empress Dowager's marriage." ("The Complete Works of Zhang Cangshui")" "Jian" means Jianzhou, and "Yi" means Yidi, which obviously contains ethnic prejudice.At this time, Zhang Cangshui was in the south of the Yangtze River, and the Nanming and Qing dynasties were hostile regimes.Mr. Meng Sen pointed out a long time ago: "The rumors from afar, the spoken words of the neighbors and the enemies, dare not rely on this evidence as a conclusion!" Moreover, poems cannot be directly used as historical evidence, because poems can be exaggerated, compared, imagined, and fabricated. .
Eighth, this incident is recorded in Korean history books.At that time, as a vassal state of the Qing Dynasty, North Korea's "Records of the Li Dynasty" did not contain a record of the "Queen Dowager's Marriage" edict, and such a major event, if it should be edicted to the vassal state as usual, would also be recorded.
Ninth, Emperor Shunzhi's retaliation against Dorgon is a counter-evidence.For example, Empress Shunzhi married Dorgon, and Dorgon was his father, and his mother was still alive, so how could he dig Dorgon's grave and remove the temple?Where will this put mother!
In short, there is no historical evidence about "the empress dowager marrying" so far.I think: Empress Dowager Xiaozhuang may have a relationship with Dorgon, but there is really no such thing as "the empress dowager getting married".Of course, there is no doubt that the Empress Dowager Xiaozhuang tried her best to win over Dorgon considering the fate of her mother and child and the country and society.
This pair of mother and son who depend on each other should be a loving mother and son with filial piety and a harmonious relationship, but this is not the case.The relationship between Emperor Shunzhi and his mother is only recorded in four sentences in "Manuscripts of Qing History Biography of Empress Dowagers". Prince Shuozhong, Concubine Muxian", this is also routine.Add the third and fourth sentences, a total of 50 characters.In the same book, there are 715 characters describing the relationship between Emperor Kangxi and his grandmother.Later, Emperor Shunzhi abolished the empress his mother had chosen for him, and had to be ordained and become a monk for the death of Concubine Dong E, which made his mother disappointed, angry and helpless.The early death of Emperor Shunzhi hit her even harder.Fortunately, the emperor's grandson Xuanye is vigorous and sensible.In his later years, Xiao Zhuang lived in the position of empress dowager, his ancestors were kind to his grandson, and he enjoyed the family happiness to the fullest.
Known as one of the "Three Treasures of Tibetan Buddhism", the "Dragon Canon"
Emperor Kangxi recalled: "When I was able to walk and speak at a young age, I was taught by the holy grandmother that there should be rules in everything I eat, move, and speak. That is to say, if you have passed the governorship, you will be successful." The grandparents and grandchildren have a harmonious relationship.
Xiaozhuang cared about the sufferings of the people.In the 11th year of Shunzhi (1654), there was a famine, and the Empress Dowager Xiaozhuang "thought about day and night without sleeping and eating", and took the initiative to take out a total of 40,000 taels of silver saved in the palace to relieve the disaster. (Volume 82 of "Records of the Ancestors of the Qing Dynasty") Kangxi pacified the San Francisco, and in times of disaster, he would often donate his own money to relieve disasters.
Empress Dowager Xiaozhuang made a vow to write the "Dragon Canon" to contribute to culture.At that time, the country was short of funds, so where did the writing expenses come from?She first used her private money to sell dowry items, and her natal brothers donated cattle and sheep in exchange for money, and her grandson Emperor Kangxi also donated private money to sponsor.Beginning in the sixth year of Kangxi (1667) and completed in three years, Emperor Kangxi made a preface in Tibetan and enshrined it in the Great Buddha Hall of the Compassionate Ning Palace.
This Qing Kangxi Dynasty "Neifu Lacquered Manuscript Tibetan Dragon Canon", referred to as "Dragon Canon", is one of the three treasures of Tibetan Buddhism and has a high status among believers.Each leaf is 87.5 cm wide and 33 cm long, with 300-500 leaves per leaf, a total of 108 leaves, 50,000 leaves, 100,000 noodles, and a weight of about 50 kilograms.The complete book of scriptures: one is the sutra leaves on magnetic green paper, the other is the inner sutra protection board, the third is the outer sutra protection board, the fourth is five-color sutra curtains—five layers of yellow, red, green, blue and white, the sixth is hada, and the seventh is sutra curtain. It is the yellow silk sutra garment, the eighth is the colorful sutra belt, the ninth is the multicolored warp rope, and the tenth is the yellow cotton burden to protect the whole body.Each letter is inlaid with 133 precious stones, a total of 14,364, and there are 756 painted Buddha statues.Preserve the Qing Palace collection tag.This "Dragon Canon" fully embodies: royal style, magnificence and splendor, extreme exquisiteness, and the best book. ("Wonderful Story of One Hundred National Treasures") The cultural relics were moved to the south and transferred to Taiwan, where they are now in the National Palace Museum in Taipei.I have had the pleasure of seeing the original.
Empress Dowager Xiaozhuang lived in the Palace of Compassion and Ning, and spent forty-four years under the care of Shunzhi and Kangxi descendants.Emperor Kangxi's deeds of supporting the Empress Dowager Xiaozhuang for decades have become a model of emperor's filial piety. "In the morning and evening, I respect the kindness of Yanyu, and I am full of joy and enthusiasm."—Emperor Kangxi twice a day, morning and evening, went to the Palace of Compassion and Peace to greet his grandmother with joy.Grandmother paid homage to the mausoleum, escaped from the summer heat, went on tour, etc. Before the trip, Kangxi would go to the Palace of Compassion, enshrine his grandmother on the chariot, and then follow him on horseback.When the road is bumpy, get off the horse and help the chariot.Once it rained on the way, Kangxi got off his horse in the rain and walked in the mud, supporting his grandmother's imperial chariot.Emperor Kangxi would send the rare fruits and flavors offered by various places to his grandmother; when he went out on hunting trips, he would often send people to his grandmother's palace with local specialties and game.Every year in the early autumn, the gardener in the Ming Palace routinely sent the "Three Pure Flowers" to the Palace of Compassion, that is, jasmine, tuberose, and tuberose, which were placed in red, yellow, and blue pots for the grandmother to appreciate.
When the Empress Dowager Xiaozhuang was seriously ill, Emperor Kangxi personally tasted the decoction and guarded it day and night. The picture shows the posthumous book of Empress Xiaozhuang Wen
On November 21st in the twenty-sixth year of Kangxi (1687), the 75-year-old Empress Dowager became seriously ill.Emperor Kangxi served the sick in the Compassionate Ning Palace, tasted the decoction and medicine, guarded day and night, and never left his side.He was "worried, and he waited on the left and right every day, procuring prescriptions and dispensing medicine, and watching the food and drinks. When the empress dowager was resting, I waited quietly behind the curtain, sitting on the ground, and when I heard the empress dowager's voice, I went to the bed. If you have what you need, give it to you, so you can't leave it day and night." (Volume 132 of "Records of the Holy Ancestors of the Qing Dynasty") Emperor Kangxi was at his grandmother's bedside every day, checking the prescriptions, making soups and medicines, tasting them first, and feeding them himself.After the grandmother lay down, Emperor Kangxi sat on the ground through the curtain.Hearing grandma turning over or sighing, she got up and went to the couch to serve grandma's needs.Emperor Kangxi sat on the cold floor in front of his sickbed, with his clothes loosened, for thirty-five days and nights.Emperor Kangxi prayed for his grandmother and prayed to the Temple of Heaven, read the Zhu Wen respectfully, and burst into tears, and accompanied the ministers, all of them shed tears.On December 25th, the Empress Dowager died in the Palace of Compassion and Peace at the age of 75.Emperor Kangxi "was in front of the Imperial Palace of the Empress Dowager Daxing, suffering from constant pain day and night, unable to enter the mouth of the water slurry, barren in the sky, and fell into a coma."Emperor Kangxi lived in a hut in the Cining Palace, weeping for his grandmother and keeping filial piety.
"The History of the Qing Dynasty: The Biography of Empresses" commented: "The ancestors and saints all practiced their ancestors at the age of age. Empress Xiaozhuang saw the difficulty of starting a business, but she was appointed as the master of the tree, and the king and minister were appointed. At that time, there was no proposal to build a curtain. Yin worry enlightened the sage, so he determined the Central Plains, conquered the bottom in Shengping." These words are not too much.
