Chapter 92 Section 5 Rise of Mongolia

The establishment of a dynasty is never completed in a day, and its destruction cannot be done overnight. There are many internal and external reasons for this.Just when the military strength of the Kingdom of Jin began to decline, the Mongols in the northern grasslands began to grow stronger and posed a huge threat to the Kingdom of Jin. When the military strength of the Kingdom of Jin was declining, a powerful tribe rose up on the northern grasslands and constantly harassed the borders of the Kingdom of Jin. This tribe was Mongolia.The Mongolian people were originally called Mengwu Shiwei, and Mongolia was only a part of the Shiwei people. Later, the Mongolian tribe unified the entire grassland, so all the ethnic groups on the grassland were called Mongolian people.

The earliest and most powerful tribes of the Shiwei people were two tribes, one was the Tatar tribe and the other was the Hongji tribe. After these two tribes became stronger, they continued to harass the borders of the Kingdom of Jin.In the Jin Xizong Dynasty, troops were sent to attack the Tatars. The general who led the troops at that time was Wanyan Zongbi, the number one general of the Jin Kingdom.According to the historical records of the Southern Song Dynasty, Wanyan Zongbi used 80,000 god-armed archers at one time to fight against the Tatars (Tatars), which shows that the war was fought very hard.But the nomads came and went without a trace on the grasslands, unlike the Song army, who lined up with you and fought grandly.He doesn't understand that. If he can win, he will fight for a while. If he can't win, he will run away. If you run away, you can't find him.At the end of the fight, Wanyan Zongbi suggested that the imperial court negotiate peace with the Tatars. Not only did they stop fighting, but they also ceded all the land in the lower reaches of the Kherlen River to the Tatars as their pastures, and the seventy-two castles on the border It was also given to the Tatars. If you want to keep it, you can keep it. If you don’t want to keep it, you can dismantle it and put your horses there. The Jin Army’s defense line retreated from the Mongolian Plateau to the Greater Khingan Mountains.The Mongolian plateau is impossible to defend against. It took so much effort and money to dig trenches and build bunkers. Within a year, a tornado came and filled them up.There is no way, let’s dig again, and it will be filled again in less than half a year.There is no way to build fortifications in that place, even if it is built, it is useless. When did the Great Wall block the northern cavalry?The Great Wall is tens of thousands of miles long, you deploy troops everywhere, people concentrate their forces, clench their fists and poke a hole casually and rush over.Therefore, repairing the boundary trenches is a waste of human and material resources.

In the Zhangzong Dynasty, due to the long-term peace of the country, there was no war with the Song Dynasty for more than 40 years, and the martial arts declined, and the Tatars continued to harass the south.At that time, the elder and Taifu Tu Dan Kening was very worried about this matter. He told Emperor Zhangzong that the country "has been in peace for a long time, and today's fierce security and military strategy are no longer as good as those of the predecessors. If there is a police, who will guard it?" ? Practicing Ci and forgetting military equipment, Yu Guofu conveniently" ("Jin Shitu Dan Kning Biography").Now Meng'an Mouke's martial arts are incomparable to those of his predecessors. Your Majesty has them read and write all day long, worship Confucius, and practice Ci. They can't mount a horse or draw a bow. Now a powerful tribe has risen on the northern grasslands and is eyeing us. Ah, even Meng'an Mouk can't fight, what can the country do?Emperor Zhangzong ordered Meng'an to practice martial arts.As mentioned earlier, in the Sejong Dynasty, martial arts practice became a game, exercises became acting, and the military equipment of the Jurchen Empire gradually became desolate.In addition, at this time, the Yellow River broke its embankment and flooded every four years. Emperor Zhangzong used 6.08 million people to manage the Yellow River.At the height of the Jin Dynasty, the population was 50 million, and one-ninth of the people in the country went to control the Yellow River. Most of the fiscal revenue was invested in river control and disaster relief, and it was unable to deal with the north.In this case, the northern peoples are stronger.The year Zhang Zong succeeded to the throne, AD 1189, Temujin had already become the Khan of the Mongolian tribe, because at that time the most powerful tribes in the Mongolian grassland were the Tatar and Hongjira, so Temujin became the Khan, and he had no opposition to the Jin Dynasty. No big touches.

After the flood of the Yellow River was slightly relieved, the Jin Army began the Northern Expedition.The Northern Expedition took place three times successively, all of whom were famous generals of the Jin Dynasty. The first time was the Prime Minister of the Left, Jiagu Qingchen;During Wan Yanxiang's second Northern Expedition to the Tatar tribe, Temujin led his troops to cooperate, and he was also awarded the title of the Jin Dynasty.At that time, Wan Yanxiang didn't pay much attention to this young man in his twenties, and only gave him a small official.With the victory of the second Northern Expedition, the northern frontier settled down, and the Tatar and Hongji tribes suffered a devastating blow.However, in the process of Pintatar and Hongjira, the rise of the Mongolian tribe meant that the Jin Dynasty cleared the way for the most powerful enemy in the future to unify the grassland.This harm has already been seen by the ministers. At that time, the far-sighted minister told Jin Zhangzong: "The Song Lord is lazy in political affairs, the southern soldiers are weak, and the two Huai soldiers are in depression for thousands of miles... It is not worrying. Only the north should be a saint. "("Jin Shi Wang Weihan Biography") The emperor of the Song Dynasty neglected political affairs and ignored the government affairs. The Song army was weak in combat and did not fight. Yes, the wildfires of the northern peoples are endless, and the spring breeze blows again. Although we drove him away, we can't kill them.The Northern Expedition of the Central Plains Dynasty could not completely defeat the northern peoples, because they could not occupy the grasslands and drive them to extinction.As soon as you leave, he will come, go and come back, and start again and again, so this matter should be taken into consideration.It's a pity that Emperor Zhangzong at that time was facing more difficult problems, so he didn't listen to the minister's words, because something happened in the south again, and the Southern Song Dynasty took the initiative to send troops to the north to attack the Kingdom of Jin.

Why did the Southern Song Dynasty send troops to the Northern Expedition to the Kingdom of Jin at this time?Speaking of it, because the Southern Song Dynasty also had a queen named Li, she caused many things.