Chapter 58 The second quarter wins the world

Wan Yanliang took a lot of trouble to move the capital to the central capital, which is today's Beijing. On the one hand, it was to weaken the power of the Jurchen aristocracy, and on the other hand, it was actually to strengthen the rule of the Han land in the Central Plains.So why did Wan Yanliang choose Beijing as the new capital among so many cities in the Central Plains?And what is the special reason why Beijing became the ancient capital of Liao, Jin, Yuan, Ming and Qing Dynasties? Beijing is the former capital of Liao, Jin, Yuan, Ming and Qing dynasties. Except for Ming, Liao, Jin, Yuan and Qing were all dynasties established by ethnic minorities. In Liao Dynasty, it was only the accompanying capital—Nanjing Xijinfu, and it was only in Jin Dynasty. It really became the political center of the empire.Since then, until Jin Xuanzong moved south, for more than 60 years, this has been the capital of the Jin Empire.After Yuan unified China, it became the political center of the whole of China, including the Ming and Qing dynasties, the first 16 years of the Republic of China, and after the founding of the People's Republic of China. Beijing has been the capital for a long time, and there must be a reason for it.

The ancient capital, first of all, depends on the geographical environment.Chinese language and writing, the modern word is the unit, while the ancient Chinese is the word.A city has two functions, one is a city and the other is a city.The city, the military and political center, has the function of defense; the city, the commodity trading, the city is placed in front of the city.Only a place with dangerous terrain and convenient transportation can establish a capital here. After the capital is established, the economy will naturally prosper, because the ancient economy mainly served the ruler.Beijing is just at the northernmost end of the Great North China Plain. The ancients built their capitals and paid attention to the front and the back. Chang'an, Luoyang, Beijing, and Nanjing are no exceptions.There is a photo in front, facing a river, and a leaning in the back, leaning against a mountain in the back.Beijing "surrounds the sea on the left, embraces the Taihang on the right, rests on Juyong in the north, and enjoys the river in the south. Its shape is superior to that of the world. It is the so-called land of abundance."The geographical environment of Beijing is seen from north to south, with mountains and rivers on its back, and mountains and the sea on its back, Taihang Mountains on the west, sea on the east, Yanshan Mountains on the north, and the North China Great Plains on the south. JAC is very suitable for Lidu.The capital of Jinzhong is in the southwest of Beijing today.Today, there are many place names in Beijing, which still retain the traces of Jinzhongdu, for example: Huicheng Gate is the gate of Jinzhongdu, Lize Bridge is the Lize Gate of Jinzhongdu; another example is Fengtai District, Jinzhongdu South Gate Five miles outside Fengyi Gate, there is a platform to worship the sky, which is equivalent to the Temple of Heaven, hence the name.The perimeter of Jinzhongdu is Jiuhuali, and there are thirteen city gates, which are divided into outer city, inner city and palace city.Today, there is also a monument to the site of the Jinzhongdu Palace on the West Second Ring Road in Beijing, which was once the site of the Jin Dynasty palace.The official offices, houses, and temples in Zhongduli are all available, marking the transfer of Jin's ruling center to the Han area of ​​the Central Plains.

Yanjing, the capital of the Jin Empire, completed the transformation from a primitive tribe to a Central Plains dynasty.The monarch of the Kingdom of Jin also changed from the monarch of a remote and small state to the monarch of the Central Plains Dynasty occupying the Central Plains.In particular, the Qinling Mountains and the Huaihe River were used as the dividing line between the Jin and Song Dynasties, which meant that the birthplace of the Chinese nation—the Yellow River Basin had completely become the ruled area of ​​Jin at this time, and the imperial mausoleum of the emperor of the Northern Song Dynasty was also located in the ruled area of ​​Jin.

For such a vast territory, how to govern it?During Wan Yanliang's administration, Xingtai Shangshu Province was abolished, and a first-level jurisdiction of Lu was established.The local government implements a three-level system of roads, states, and counties, which is exactly the same as the administrative organization in the Northern Song Dynasty.At its peak, the territory of the Kingdom of Jin extended to the sea in the east, Lake Baikal in the west, the Sea of ​​Japan and the Sea of ​​Okhotsk in the north, the Qinling Mountains and the Huaihe River in the south, and Qinghai and Gansu in the southwest, bordering Xixia. vast.The area of ​​gold is much larger than that of the Southern Song Dynasty, maybe more than twice.All of this was done in the hands of Wan Yanliang.