Chapter 34 Xiangshan

After reviewing the troops at Xiyuan Airport, Mao Zedong and other central leaders went straight to Xiangshan. After entering Peiping, the new regime had an urgent task, which was the transfer of the central government.For this reason, at the beginning of 1949, the central government established a "Transfer Committee", which was headed by Zhou Enlai, and Yang Shangkun and Zeng Shan were in charge of it, and started preparations. Since Yang Shangkun succeeded Li Fuchun, he has undergone two major relocations by the central government. One was from Yan'an to Northwest Shanxi, the other was from Northwest Shanxi to Xibaipo, and this time from Xibaipo to Beiping. "Although Beiping was liberated, it is still not a city under complete control. From the beginning of the year, Comrade Yang Shangkun sent Li Kenong and Fan Li to Beiping to select the central location. Zhongnanhai is the resident of the Kuomintang's "North China Suppression General" and is located in a busy city. Although Fu Zuoyi The Department was incorporated, but Yan Xishan’s secret service system and the 19th Gendarmerie Regiment, which was disbanded on the spot when the two armies were handed over, were not cleared in time, and everyone believed that the security and alert conditions were not mature.” Ma Ju said, “They and Ye Jianying, After discussing with Peng Zhen, he suggested that Xiangshan, 20 kilometers away from downtown Beiping, be the temporary location of the central government. It is safe and convenient for air defense.”

"There were more than 5,500 staff members in the Central Government at that time. There was a sales home run by Xiong Xiling, the former Prime Minister of the Beiyang Government, on Xiangshan Mountain. There were a batch of ready-made houses available. Mao Zedong's temporary residence was Xiong Xiling's Shuangqing Villa, where Zhou Enlai and his wife lived. In a small courtyard on the right side of the original Xiangshan Hotel." Ma Ju said, "At the end of February, Li Kenong proposed a plan for the arrangement of the Xiangshan resident: for the sake of confidentiality, it was called 'Labour University'. The first stop was called the Preparatory Office of the Labor University. , located at No. 15 Gongxian Hutong in the city, the second station is called the Labor University Receiving and Receiving Office, which is located at Qinglong Bridge, and the third station is called the Labor University Guest House, which is the Xiangshan resident. In this way, the central government is stationed in Xiangshan, and the Military Commission is stationed in Xiangshan. In the Xishan area, the central security and public security departments are stationed in Xizhimen, the Summer Palace and Xiangshan area."

Security remains a top priority for the many agencies protecting the temporary central site.At the end of 1948, when Li Ruixiang was transferred to the "Political Guard Team" from the captain of the second team of the Political Brigade of the Shanxi-Chahar-Hebei Military and Political Cadre School, this brand-new organization under the Central Ministry of Social Affairs was just established. transfer security. "When the central authorities were still in Xibaipo, we took the lead in entering Beiping." Li Ruixiang recalled, "Our mission was to join forces with Wu Lie's 207th Division to take charge of the 20-kilometer-long road from Xiangshan, the Summer Palace, Baishiqiao to Xizhimen. The public security alert within the scope clears the way for the central government to enter. We assist the 207th Division to operate in plain clothes on the periphery and set up surveillance points in sensitive areas. There are more than 20 people in my team. Pants and thick cotton shoes, and a revolver and 20 rounds of bullets hidden in the clothes. This kind of gun is not easy to go off and jam.” “Wu Lie’s 207th Division was drawn from Siye by Comrade Zhou Enlai himself, and Siye also sent two Two experts, one in minesweeping and one in radio, they and Fan Li entered Xiangshan as advance personnel, after inspecting the environment, they established an anti-aircraft artillery position at the commanding height of Xiangshan, 'Ghost Seeing Sorrow'."

In addition to leading the final stage of the War of Liberation, the work of the central government during the Xiangshan period mainly focused on two things: one was negotiations with the Kuomintang Nanjing government, and the other was preparations for the upcoming New Political Consultative Conference and the founding ceremony. "In 1949, the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China was still concentrating on solving the problems of the provinces in South China. The original plan for the establishment of the country was to be included in the plan in January 1950, but the Soviet Union reminded the central government to prevent the collapse of the national government from seeking help from the West. , using the so-called anarchy to intervene. In this way, the preparations for the founding of the country and the preparations for the founding ceremony were advanced." Ma Ju said.

The main inconvenience of the central government being located in Xiangshan is transportation.Li Kenong's plan started from safety, but it brought about the dispersion of government departments, and sometimes it took a day to go to one place.The main venues for planning the founding of the country were the Beijing Hotel, the Liuguo Hotel, and Zhongnanhai, where democrats and representatives of the Kuomintang government held important talks.From Xiangshan to Zhongnanhai, it takes more than an hour to pass through Qinglong Bridge, Haidian, and Xizhimen. "The only means of transportation from Xiangshan to the city is the car. Communication was not convenient at that time. Although the Xiangshan Telephone Office was established quickly, there were often cases where calls could not be made. In the end, we had to rely on cars. But the Central Office did not have cars at that time. Zhou Enlai One of my cars is a fuchsia Corus brand American car transferred from Tianjin. It is very conspicuous. I want to change it but I don’t have it. Our political security team sent an accompanying car to protect us along the way, but it’s an old Jeep and it’s slow. I couldn’t keep up, so the car in front had to stop and wait for it.” Li Ruixiang recalled, “Later, Yang Shangkun found Secretary-General Xiao Xiangrong of the Political Department of the Four Fields, and reserved 20 of the 200 cars they confiscated. The central government’s vehicles are in short supply.”