Chapter 24 Chapter 5 Guangzhou in 1949

Guangzhou may be the most embarrassing period of Yan Xishan's warlord career.Since he arrived in this city in May 1949, what he felt the most was desolation and depression. "Yan Xishan's special plane landed at Guangzhou Airport. Secretary-General Jia Jingde led Fang Wen and more than a dozen Shanxi Legislative and Supervisory Committee representatives who moved to Guangzhou with the capital, representatives of the National Congress, and several representatives of local party and government organizations to greet him at the airport. Yan Xishan saw that most of the welcome team with less than 50 people were familiar faces from Jin nationality, and he said with emotion: "There seem to be very few people in Guangzhou?"" Xia Xia, who was the secretary of the Executive Yuan when Yan Xishan formed the cabinet in Guangzhou Wind recalled.Since the loss of Shanxi in March, Yan Xishan has traveled all the way south. After arriving in Guangzhou, he wrote the first sad "Feelings of Traveling to Haizhu Bridge": "Steel and concrete are solid, and cooperation is firm. Lonely geese fly south, mourning." bombastic!"

Until Yan Xishan became the president of the Executive Yuan, there was an issue of the American "Time" magazine for sale on the newsstands in Guangzhou, and on the title page was a photo taken by an American reporter when Yan Xishan was in Taiyuan.Wearing a long robe, he sat at his desk and poured a box of forty or fifty injections (explained in the magazine as cyanide) on the table with his left hand; under the photo he wrote: "Yan, who vowed to live and die with Taiyuan General Xishan is now safe and sound and active in the political arena in Guangzhou." Yan Xishan lived in the Dongshan Guest House of the Guangdong Provincial Government for more than a month.He lives in a villa-style bungalow with two bedrooms and a living room with a T-shaped front porch.He lives in a big room by himself, and usually visitors discuss in front of the bed.Zhang Fengji and Adjutant Jia lived in a small room, and his attendant Lu Xueli worked at Zhang Fengji's bedside. "I and other entourages are usually crowded in the living room." Xia Feng recalled, "For the convenience of activities, Yan Xishan rented a large suite on the fifth floor of the East Asia Hotel near the Pearl River as a secret meeting place, and in the nearby A few small rooms were opened on the third floor of the Xinhua Hotel to house the entourage and entertain the passing Jinji.” These Yan Xishan’s entourage and Jinji people all served meals under his signature in the canteen of the Dongshan Guest House, and at most once served a meal 80 guests.The hostel repeatedly said they were not welcome and referred to the people as "refugees" in front of other guests.

Guangzhou is confronting an entirely new country, although this confrontation no longer has any real meaning for either side.Yan Xishan planned an organization called the "Anti-Communist National Salvation Alliance". "He tried to capture the powerful factions in Guangdong and Guangxi, including gentry, business celebrities and even the leaders of the Qinghong gang, so that the organization could gain a foothold in Guangdong and Guangxi." Pu Xiangmin studied The history of Guangzhou during this period, he said, "Yan Xishan also accepted the suggestion of his Secretary-General Jia Jingde, and the upper-level members of the 'CC faction' (a political faction led by Chen Lifu and Chen Guofu, the full name is the 'Central Club') jointly launched this Organizations, and the vitality of the 'CC faction' can open up the situation." This plan, which was doomed to be unable to receive any capital support from Guangzhou's industrial and commercial circles, ultimately failed just like the short-lived "Silver Dollar Coupon" plan of the Guangzhou cabinet.The so-called new cabinet of the Kuomintang did not bring about any change in the city. A large number of businessmen left Guangzhou for Hong Kong, and Hong Kong dollars ran rampant in Guangzhou. After October, this "hollow city" began to wait for his new master.

After hearing the sound of firecrackers celebrating the founding of the People's Republic of China, many leaders of the southern guerrillas led their teams and began to march toward Guangzhou from the mountainous area. Halfway there, the sound of firecrackers sounded again, and Guangzhou was liberated.The young Zheng Liya is one of these guerrillas. She and her husband Yang Yingbin reunited after several years in the Aiqun Building in Guangzhou. In October 1949, Aiqun Building, a landmark building before the liberation of Guangzhou, once became the stronghold for officials who took over and cadres who went south to enter Guangzhou for the first time. "The public security was poor at that time, so the system was very strict. No one was allowed to go out on the street casually. Everyone read the takeover manual in the room. I lived on the seventh floor. A few days later, someone asked me, have you and your wife met? I Only then did I know that Yang Yingbin has been living on the fourth floor of Aiqun Building for less than half a month." The new division of labor has been communicated: Zheng Liya's job is to take over the first and second textile factories on the south bank of the Pearl River in Guangzhou, and he was once the chief of staff of the Guangdong-Guangxi border guerrilla column Yang Yingbin's new position after entering the city is the deputy secretary-general of the Guangzhou Military Control Commission.

The speed of Siye's southward advance was too fast, and the soldiers who came all the way from the north showed obvious physical discomfort after crossing the river.The first is the constant hot flashes.Zhang Shijie, then head of the 382 regiment of the 128th division of the 43rd army and the deputy commander of the air force of the Fuzhou military region after liberation, recalled that "many soldiers got malaria and swayed." The 382nd Regiment was the vanguard of the liberation of Guangzhou. The People's Liberation Army was also unprepared for the rainy weather in the south. They didn't bring umbrellas, and they didn't have enough medicine to prevent heatstroke. Did not get up.

"I can't find water to drink on the road. There are many ponds on the roadside in the south, and I can only drink the pond water accumulated by the rain. Because they march in the wetland all day long and wear cloth shoes, most people's feet are festered. The troops going south can only stay in Jiangxi. Yichun rested for a while.” Ma Shicheng recalled that he was one of Zhang Shijie’s subordinates and a soldier of the 382nd Regiment’s Democracy Movement Section.Even if victory is in sight, the hard times are still not over.He said that the lack of mosquito nets in the rucksacks also made them suffer. After several sleepless nights, some soldiers ripped out the cotton fillings in the quilts and used the quilt covers as sleeping bags, and then used the small rain cloths that the troops temporarily distributed. Put it on the head to resist the pain of mosquito infestation.

Shino's slogan at this time was inspiring: "Conquer Guangzhou and liberate the whole of China!" "We are excited, and we are all looking forward to it. Everyone thinks that this is the bottom." Ma Shicheng said, "Guangzhou is not the bottom." Soon after entering the city, Ma Shicheng's unit received an order to continue marching on Hainan Island, and they only stopped in Guangzhou for a short time.Three days later, the "entering the city" of the liberation of Guangzhou was in charge of the 132nd Regiment of the 44th Army, another unit of the Four Fields.

From Jiangxi to Guangzhou, Zhang Shijie called Bai Chongxi's troops who entangled with them all the way "Guangxi monkeys".Zhang Shijie recalled that, as the creator of guerrilla tactics, before arriving in Guangzhou, the People's Liberation Army troops also suffered greatly from it. "They came in small groups and ran away after a few hits. We chased them but couldn't catch up." Guangxi Monkey climbs mountains so fast that we can't climb him. He will come again in a few days." "In order to block the defenders in Guangzhou and senior officials of the Kuomintang, we began to throw away our burdens and march quickly. At the beginning, we marched during the day and ate Li Zongren's mosquito plane 'Unfortunately, the successive bombings resulted in the loss of many soldiers."