Chapter 37 36. Hardcore traitor Zhang Jinghui surfaced

On this day, something like this happened: Zhang Jinghui, the governor of the Eastern Province Special Administrative Region of the Nationalist Government, established the "Eastern Province Special Region Security Maintenance Committee" in Harbin, and appointed himself the "chairman". Save all government affairs and public security."In order to avoid conflict with the Japanese army, the association transferred all the garrisons in Harbin city, and recruited 2,000 special zone guards to maintain public order in the city. In Northeast China at that time, Harbin was a city with a very special status. It was the seat of the Executive Office of the Eastern Province Special Administrative Region.The so-called Eastern Province Special Administrative Region is due to the special factor of the Middle East Railway.After the victory of the October Revolution in Russia, the Soviet government inherited the privileges of the Tsarist Empire in Northeast China. In November 1922, China and the Soviet Union signed the "Middle East Road Outline". The area within 11 kilometers of the Beiman Branch Line is placed under the jurisdiction of the Eastern Province Special Administrative Region.The scope of the special administrative region includes the Daoli area of ​​Harbin, the Middle East Road Hamman Line, the Ha-Sui Line and the Harbin-Changsha Line and other affiliated areas.These dependencies have the same nature as Japan's dependencies in Manchuria, so China cannot fully exercise sovereignty in Harbin.

After the incident, the Japanese army quickly occupied Jilin. Originally, according to the Kwantung Army’s idea, it wanted to attack Harbin in one go, but the Central Department of the Japanese Army severely stopped the Kwantung Army’s idea because it was worried that the Soviet Union would interfere.It was not until the neutral position of the Soviet government was clarified that the Japanese army began to attack Harbin at the end of January 1932. Zhang Jinghui's move is obviously unusual.So, who is this Zhang Jinghui? Zhang Jinghui was born in a peasant family in Bajiaotai, Tai'an County, Liaoning.When he was young, he followed his father to sell tofu for a living.He is good at making friends, often goes to the casino, and soon becomes the No. 1 figure in the Jianghu scene.After the Sino-Japanese Sino-Japanese War of 1899-1895, the rule of the Qing Dynasty was paralyzed in the Northeast, and lords everywhere took advantage of the opportunity.Zhang Jinghui also raised the banner and set up a self-defense group in Bajiaotai Town. He served as the leader of the group training team and took care of the home and nursing home for the wealthy businessmen in this town.At that time, Zhang Zuolin was attacked by the bandit Jin Shoushan and defected to Feng Delin by way of Bajiaotai.Zhang Zuolin and Zhang Jinghui fell in love at first sight, and Zhang Jinghui has been playing an important role under Zhang Zuolin since then. In August 1918, Zhang Jinghui found out that Yang Yuting and Xu Shuzheng had colluded with each other. In the name of Fengjun, he privately recruited 4 brigades of recruits to develop his personal power and secretly reported to Zhang Zuolin, so Xu and Yang were expelled.Zhang Jinghui was promoted to the deputy commander of Fengjun, and lived in Beijing on behalf of Zhang Zuolin.In the first Zhifeng War, Zhang Jinghui served as the commander-in-chief of Fengjun West Road, but he had no determination to fight and acted slowly, which led to the defeat of the entire battle.After the war, Zhang Jinghui did not dare to return to the Northeast and lived in Beijing.After Zhili Cao Kun was elected president by bribery, the National Bureau of National Highway was newly established, and he was specially appointed as the supervisor. Zhang Zuolin thought that he had something to do with the Zhili, and hated him deeply. In the winter of 1925, Zhang Jinghui dared not go to the funeral because of his mother's illness, so he asked Zhang Zuopeng to intercede, and Zhang Zuolin allowed him to return home for the funeral.Zhang Jinghui went to Shenyang first when she came back. When she saw Zhang Zuolin, she wept bitterly and kowtowed to apologize.Zhang Zuolin forgave him, and successively appointed him as chief of the army and chief of industry. On June 4, 1928, Zhang Jinghui followed Zhang Zuolin back to Feng, and was seriously injured when he passed Huanggutun Station. At the end of 1928, Zhang Xueliang appointed him as the governor of the Eastern Province Special Administrative Region.Because of his conflict with Zhang Xueliang, he gradually faded out of the core leadership circle in the Northeast after changing his banner in the Northeast.

After the September 18th Incident, Zhang Jinghui, who was almost killed by the Japanese, turned to the Japanese wholeheartedly.At the time of the incident, he went to Shenyang and met Seishiro Itagaki in secret, expressing his willingness to cooperate with the Japanese.So there was the "Eastern Province Special District Security Maintenance Committee" established on September 27.It is worth noting that the pro-Japanese organization established by Zhang Jinghui and the Japanese side in secret, appeared before the Japanese army occupied Harbin, and it was entirely his initiative. In this sense, he is the most hardcore traitor one of.But at this time, Zhang Jinghui did not dare to disclose his true colors of taking refuge in Japan.

The time has passed to the middle and late November.At that time, the Japanese army had captured Qiqihar, the provincial capital of Heilongjiang, and the traitors there also "approved by the Japanese military" and established a temporary peacekeeping committee in the provincial capital on November 24.However, due to internal fighting, this maintenance meeting could not play the role expected by the Japanese army.What caused the Japanese army even more headaches was the anti-Japanese team led by Ma Zhanshan in Helen, Baiquan, and Keshan.Ma Zhanshan has more than 20,000 people. He not only arranged for defense, but also announced the establishment of the Heilongjiang Provincial Government in Helen, and notified the counties that any puppet regime established with the support of the Japanese would be invalid.It turned out that when Zhang Xueliang saw that the Japanese army was not only trying to cause trouble, but also occupying the entire three northeastern provinces, Zhang Xueliang began to wake up, so he ordered Ma Zhanshan to retreat to the Helen area to "reorganize the team, continue to prepare for defense, and focus on the country."At that time, Helen’s government had great prestige among the people in Northeast China, and “everyone regarded it as a real government, whether it was orders or taxes, they all followed his command”; while Qiqihar’s maintenance meeting was miserable. For the surrounding counties".

At this time, the Japanese army was concentrating its forces and preparing to use troops in the direction of Jinzhou in western Liaoning, and was unable to take care of Ma Zhanshan and Helen's government for a while.As a result, the Japanese thought of Zhang Jinghui, an "old friend" who was not strong but very reliable. Daqiao, the Consul General in Harbin, put forward a proposal of "peaceful management of North Manchuria", that is, "Let Zhang Jinghui, who has a deep understanding of Japan, clean up North Manchuria and try his best to Ma (Zhanshan) adopts a tolerant attitude so that Ma will assist Zhang Jinghui in the future."In this way, the Japanese sent a signal to Zhang Jinghui that they intend to invite him to serve as the governor of the pseudo-Heilongjiang provincial government.

After receiving the signal from the Japanese, Zhang Jinghui knew that she was going to become a heavyweight on the ground in Northeast China again.However, he is not in a hurry for success because of his experience in the world. On the one hand, he expressed to the Kwantung Army that he is willing to be the governor, and on the other hand, he said that he is still the chief of the Eastern Province Special Administrative Region of the Nationalist Government after all, and he voted for the Kwantung Army prematurely. I'm afraid it will be detrimental to controlling the situation in the future, so I can't leave Harbin for Qiqihar yet.In fact, he was afraid that he would not be able to suppress the scene if he left his territory and went to Qiqihar.It was not until December 28 that he sent his representatives and more than 600 guards to Qiqihar first.

On the one hand, he dragged on not to leave Harbin, on the other hand, Zhang Jinghui tried his best to win over Ma Zhanshan, hoping that Ma Zhanshan would support him.Ma Zhanshan is the strongest Chinese armed force in Heilongjiang. With his support, his position is naturally stable.At this time, the international and domestic situation were not good for Ma Zhanshan, who insisted on resisting Japan, and he could not see the hope of victory, so he began to waver, so he grabbed the olive branch that Zhang Jinghui gave him, and agreed to Zhang Jinghui's appointment as the pseudo-governor in Qiqihar.Zhang Jinghui hurriedly reciprocated. He said to Ma Zhanshan, I will be the governor first, and I will give up the seat to my brother when you come.

At the same time, the Kwantung Army repeatedly urged Zhang Jinghui to make a declaration of "independence" for Heilongjiang Province as soon as possible.Zhang Jinghui announced the independence of Heilongjiang Province in Harbin on January 1, 1932, "Because of the pleadings of the people of Jiang Province, I have no choice but to assume the chairmanship of Jiang Province. I will sort out all matters and work together with the Fengtian and Jilin governments to build a new country of Manchuria and Mongolia. On the 3rd, he announced his inauguration as governor and severed ties with the central government. On the 6th, Zhang Jinghui finally came to Qiqihar. The next day, the inauguration ceremony was held. He said in his speech: "There is no need to distinguish between Japan and China, and they should be treated equally, and seek the welfare of coexistence and common prosperity." He dared not stay in Qiqihar. Returned to Harbin overnight.

At this time, the Japanese army had not yet occupied Harbin, and Zhang Jinghui was still the governor of the Eastern Provincial Special Zone of the Nationalist Government. Therefore, the establishment of the puppet regime in Heilongjiang broke the pattern of establishing a puppet regime after the Japanese army occupied a city. The Japanese army called for the establishment of a puppet regime, and even wanted to "eating pots of pulp" to meet the Japanese army. Later, after the establishment of the Puppet Manchukuo, Zhang Jinghui successively served as the chief of the Puppet Military and Political Department, and the Prime Minister of the Puppet Manchukuo.At the end of World War II, after the Soviet Union declared war on Japan and invaded the Northeast, he was arrested by the Soviet Army and detained in the Fushun War Criminals Management Center. In 1957, 86-year-old Zhang Jinghui died in the War Criminals Management Office.