Chapter 25 24. The CCP responded to the incident

On September 20, the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China, which was secretly located in Shanghai, publicly released the "Declaration of the Chinese Communist Party's Rape and Occupation of the Three Eastern Provinces for Japanese Imperialism" to the public. On the 30th, in the name of the Provisional Political Bureau of the Central Committee, it issued "The Party's Urgent Tasks Due to the Breakthrough of the Third "Encirclement and Suppression" by the Workers' and Peasants' Red Army and the Graduation of the Revolutionary Crisis" to the party, declaring that the nature of the incident was "Japanese Imperialism." It is a blatant manifestation of Japan's attempt to occupy the whole of Manchuria by armed forces", and loudly stated: "Oppose Japanese imperialism to occupy the three eastern provinces! Immediately withdraw the army, navy and air force that occupied the three eastern provinces! Automatically cancel all inequalities treaty!"

The above-mentioned two documents of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China expressing its position on the September 18th Incident were drafted by Wang Ming, and some materials say that Bogu (Qin Bangxian) drafted them according to Wang Ming's instructions.Although the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China was still persisting in Shanghai at this time, it was difficult to carry out its work normally. One of the important reasons was Gu Shunzhang's rebellion in April 1931.Gu Shunzhang was originally the head of the CCP's intelligence work and an alternate member of the Political Bureau of the Central Committee. He knew the situation of the senior CCP leaders in Shanghai, and the harm caused by his defection to the CCP Central Committee can be imagined.Although, thanks to Qian Zhuangfei's brave and decisive actions, the harm of Gu Shunzhang's rebellion was minimized, but the situation of the CPC Central Committee in Shanghai has become extremely dangerous.

Under such circumstances, the Communist International instructed the leaders of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China, Wang Ming and Zhou En, to come to the Soviet Union, and established the Provisional Political Bureau of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China under the proposal of the Far East Bureau of the Communist International, with Bogu entering the Central Committee to take overall responsibility. On September 20, when Wang and Zhou were preparing to leave for the Soviet Union, the September 18th Incident broke out. Soon, people in Shanghai and Nanjing took to the streets one after another, setting off an anti-Japanese patriotic movement.The leaders of the CCP, who had been at a low ebb in the revolution for a long time and felt difficult, suddenly became excited-"How can you leave when you are so busy now?" So Wang Ming decided to draft the above-mentioned document as soon as possible to show the attitude of the CCP Central Committee to the incident and guide the whole country Work under the new situation of the party.

On November 27, the Provisional Central Government of the Chinese Soviet Republic, which had just been proclaimed in Ruijin, Jiangxi Province, issued an external declaration, calling on the people of the whole country to mobilize and arm themselves against Japanese aggression and the reactionary rule of the Kuomintang.The Manchuria Provincial Committee of the Communist Party of China instructed local party organizations to strengthen ties with the anti-Japanese volunteer army of the masses, and organize anti-Japanese armed forces under the leadership of the party to carry out the anti-Japanese struggle.The Central Committee of the Communist Party of China successively sent Yang Jingyu, Zhao Shangzhi, Zhou Baozhong, and Zhao Yiman to the Northeast to strengthen the leadership of party organizations at all levels.By the beginning of 1933, guerrilla groups such as Bayan, Nanman, Hailong, Dongheng, Ning'an, Tangyuan, and Hailun directly led by the Communist Party of China were successively established and gradually became the main anti-Japanese armed forces in Northeast China.

At this time, the situation before the party faced the question of how to understand the profound changes in domestic class relations under the serious national crisis, so as to grasp the direction and initiative of the Chinese revolution.But at this time, the "Left" adventurism represented by Wang Ming had already gained a dominant position in the Party Central Committee.The Provisional Central Committee of the Communist Party of China cannot correctly understand and deal with these problems.A series of resolutions made by it made the mistakes of "Left" adventurism further concretely applied and developed in practical work.

At that time, the Comintern believed that Japan's occupation of Northeast China was "another step forward in the war against the Soviet Union".The Provisional Central Committee of the Communist Party of China, represented by Wang Ming, also copied the instructions of the Communist International step by step, and believed that "the current imperialist occupation of the three eastern provinces of China is only a further realization of the imperialist plan to attack the Soviet Union. All Chinese workers, peasants and toiling people must support the Soviet Union. Under the fundamental task of the Communist Party of China, we must mobilize and arm ourselves in unison to deal a serious blow to the Japanese bandits and all imperialism."Put forward the slogan "armed defense of the Soviet Union".This statement is completely divorced from the actual situation, so it is naturally difficult for the Chinese people to accept it.

The Provisional Central Committee of the Communist Party of China did not have a correct understanding of the changes in domestic class relations caused by the Japanese aggression.They could not see the positive changes brought about by the centrists' demand for resistance to Japan, nor could they see the ongoing division and rupture within the Kuomintang.On the contrary, it is believed that the middle forces "help the Kuomintang to maintain its rule, so that the masses will not oppose and overthrow the Kuomintang rule", so "these factions are the most dangerous enemies, and the main force should be used to attack these compromising counter-revolutionaries ".Doing so can only push some intermediate forces who could have become friends to Chiang Kai-shek.

They did not hold high the banner of the anti-Japanese national united front under the new situation, but emphasized the antagonism between the Kuomintang regime and the Soviet regime, and made such judgments: "The collapse of the Kuomintang rule is accelerating", "the current political situation in China The center of the center is the life-and-death struggle between the counter-revolution and the revolution." When leading the urban labor movement, they adopted an adventurist policy, such as asking Shanghai and other places to "use all their strength to prepare for general strikes in various enterprises" and "'arm up workers and peasants against Japanese imperialism' should be the central agitation of the party at present. slogan” and rejected legal forms of organizing workers’ struggles.Regardless of whether the objective conditions were possible, they demanded that the party organizations in Shanxi, Henan, Hebei and other places immediately "create a Soviet area in the north" by launching mutinies and workers' and peasants' movements.

After making these arbitrary regulations, they also wrote very confidently: "The Central Committee firmly believes that party departments at all levels will be able to complete these urgent tasks 100% within the shortest possible time!" According to this situation, the party's central task in this incident is: Intensively organize and lead the development of the anti-imperialist movement of the masses, boldly alert the people to their national consciousness, and lead them to a resolute and ruthless revolutionary struggle.Grasp the disappointment and anger of the broad masses of the Kuomintang, and organize them to lead them to the struggle to eliminate the Kuomintang rule.Grasp the specific and immediate demands of all disaster victims, workers, and soldiers, and launch their struggles to direct revolutionary struggles.Lead the masses to fight against the violent policy of Japanese imperialism, against imperialist slavery and aggression, against attacking the Soviet Union and the Soviet area, supporting the Soviet Union, defending the Soviet Union with armed forces, and fighting against imperialist bandit wars.

After the outbreak of the September 18th Incident, although the provisional Central Committee of the Communist Party of China clearly pointed out the plot of Japanese militarism to invade China, and made practical arrangements to fight against Japanese aggression through the Manchuria Provincial Committee, but under the guidance of Wang Ming’s “left” thought, He failed to grasp the profound changes in Chinese society after ethnic conflicts rose to become the main social contradictions. Not only did he fail to put forward the correct proposition of the anti-Japanese united front, but he unilaterally exaggerated the great situation of the revolution and continued to advocate the wrong line of urban riots. The influence in it was limited, and it did not play its due role in the development of the current situation at that time.