Chapter 59 1. Greater Shanghai has become an isolated island
The good news of Nanjing's liberation reached the Central Military Commission. Mao Zedong, Zhu De, Zhou Enlai and others were very happy, and they sat together to study future combat policies.
Zhu De took the telegram and said with a smile: "I didn't expect the battle across the river to go so smoothly. Our army has already planted the red flag on the building of the Presidential Palace in Nanjing. It seems that the next step is to liberate Shanghai."
Zhou Enlai nodded and said: "Yes, Shanghai is the cradle of our Chinese revolution and the birthplace of our party. It should return to the embrace of the people as soon as possible."
Zhu De said: "Shanghai's problems are also complicated. It is the base of the Chiang family dynasty and the place where US imperialism has a foothold."
Mao Zedong put down the cigarette and said: "Shanghai is a big city, and the war will cause a lot of losses. Do you think there is any other way to solve it?"
Zhou Enlai said: "There is very little hope for peace talks, and Chiang Kai-shek will not agree."
Zhu De said: "The General Front Committee called to ask for the time to attack Shanghai."
Mao Zedong picked up the cigarette again and said: "We want to take Shanghai. There is no problem, but if we attack by force, it will be a mess. This is what we don't want to see. Solving Shanghai now is not mainly a military issue, but a political issue." , economic, and even international issues, when to launch an attack, you need to carefully consider and prepare well."
Zhou Enlai went on to say: "Shanghai has become an isolated island now, we can occupy Hangzhou first."
Mao Zedong said: "It is right to occupy the periphery of Shanghai first. I think there are three points to consider in order to solve the Shanghai issue: one is whether attacking it will cause the US imperialists to intervene and implement direct armed intervention. This danger exists. Shanghai is The adventurer's paradise is the stronghold of the imperialist powers invading China. Chiang Kai-shek came out again, and he will place his bet there and unite with the Americans. The second is that we liberate Shanghai, and we must preserve the city intact so that Shanghai will not be destroyed. When we occupy Shanghai, we must not only enter the city militarily, but also enter the city politically. The third is that we must be prepared to take over this big southern city, and we cannot let people say that we only know how to fight wars.”
Zhu De said: "The chairman has considered it very carefully. We can adopt the policy of encircling and not fighting, and use this time to train a group of cadres who will take over the city."
Zhou Enlai: "The issue of cadres is very important. If Shanghai is captured, I suggest handing it over to Chen Yi for management."
Mao Zedong said with a smile: "It's him, others are not suitable."
Zhu De asked again: "Chairman, the General Front Committee still wants to call back."
"Just send it, let's discuss it."
After repeated research, the opinions were unified.Finally, the Central Military Commission sent a reply to the General Front Committee, which read:
General Front Committee, East China Bureau and Su Yu, Zhang Zhen:
(1) The General Front Committee received a telegram at 7:00 on the 30th.
(2) Tan Zhenlin, Wang Jian'an, and Ji Pengfei are approaching Hangzhou. I wonder if there is time to stop?The army, police and provincial government have all retreated to Ningbo, except for a small number of people in the city of Hangzhou who have not yet retreated as guards.Under such circumstances, Tan Wangji seems to be able to occupy Hangzhou immediately, and temporarily maintain it by the Public Security Committee (in the name of the Relief Committee) and the local gentleman Lu Gongwang, etc., pending the arrival of our cadres.Whether this is possible is up to Su Zhang to decide.
(3) Shanghai should make sure not to occupy the area before May 10, so as to have ten days to make preparations.After May 10, two plans should be made:
(A) To occupy Shanghai.This is assuming that Tang Enbo retreats by sea within ten days, and Shanghai becomes anarchic, forcing you to occupy it.Your preparations should mainly focus on this, otherwise you will fall into a passive position.In the past, during the three months of preparing to cross the river, you did not spend a month for the army to study policy and take over the affairs of the city, and did not make mental and organizational preparations to occupy Zhucheng soon, so you suffered a disadvantage.Now we have to make up for this shortcoming within ten days.
(B) Prolong the time to half a month, 20 days, or a month before occupying them.As long as Tang Enbo doesn't leave, that should be the case.The time to occupy Liuhe can also be postponed.We have already telegraphed you that when we occupy Shanghai, we have to wait for our orders. Please pay attention to this point.
Why did the Central Military Commission ask Su Yu and Zhang Zhen not to attack Shanghai first?
There are three reasons: first, I was afraid that Tang Enbo would be alarmed prematurely, and he would be scared away from Shanghai. He could go to Fujian and Taiwan along the coastal road, and it would be troublesome to fight;Many soldiers came out of the ravines and had never seen the big world. In a modern city like Shanghai, if there is trouble, there will be problems.After crossing the river, such jokes appeared, and even caused international troubles. Therefore, Mao Zedong asked Sanye to spend ten days studying policies and taking over urban affairs.Third, there is another secret reason.It is the Communist Party that has been doing Tang Enbo's work of instigating rebellion and instigating his uprising.
Under the special circumstances at that time, the only way to win over this veteran soldier was to take the underground route.The Communist Party has always hoped to resolve the Shanghai issue peacefully.If Tang Enbo is won over, it will undoubtedly be a draw from the bottom for Chiang Kai-shek.
Regarding the matter of fighting for a job, I have to start with Tang Enbo's teacher Chen Yi.
Chen Yi, courtesy name Gongxia, was born in Shaoxing, Zhejiang.He studied in Japan in his early years and graduated from the Army Non-commissioned Officer Academy and Army University.Later, he successively served as the executive vice-minister of the Ministry of Military and Political Affairs of the Nationalist Government, the Chief of Administrative Affairs and the Chief of the Ordnance Department. In June 1948, he became the chairman of the Zhejiang Provincial Government.
On January 31, 1949, after the peaceful liberation of Beiping, under the instigation of our party's underground workers and Kuomintang patriots, Chen Yi decided to follow the example of General Fu Zuoyi and become Fu Zuoyi's second.
However, Chen Yi was different from General Fu Zuoyi in that he had neither soldiers nor generals to dispatch.So, he thought of Tang Enbo.
Many years ago, Tang Enbo suffered a lawsuit at home, and when he was desperate, Chen Yi took him in as a platoon leader.
Then he was sent to the Japanese Army Non-commissioned Officer Academy for further studies, and after returning to China, he was recommended to be an officer in the army again.Later, Tang Enbo, who was unknown, was able to rise to the top in the army, and he relied more on the help of his mentor.
In May 1947, Tang Enbo fought against the People's Liberation Army in Shandong. His ace reorganized 74th Division was wiped out by Meng Lianggu. Tang was dismissed and was kept aside by Chiang Kai-shek.It was Chen Yi and others who dealt with it again, enabling Tang Enbo to make a comeback, and finally he was promoted to the commander-in-chief of the Beijing-Shanghai-Hangzhou garrison, taking charge of the military command of Jiangsu and Zhejiang provinces.
Tang Enbo is also "extremely grateful" to Chen Yi, every mouthful is a teacher, a mentor.
In the eyes of others, the personal friendship between Chen Yi and Tang Enbo is really "as close as father and son".
After the People's Liberation Army crossed the river, Chen Yi decided to persuade Tang Enbo to rein in the precipice and hold high the banner of righteousness.
At that time, Chen Yi sent her nephew to Shanghai to contact Tang Enbo, suggesting that Tang release political prisoners, stop building fortifications, and protect all public property in Shanghai from being destroyed.
Tang was a scheming guy, and verbally expressed his willingness to accept these conditions, saying that as for the timing of the uprising, because Chiang Kai-shek had many eyes and ears, he might not be mature enough, so he had to give it a few days, and promised to go to Hangzhou for a face-to-face meeting within a few days.
In secret, Tang Enbo betrayed his teacher and informed Chiang Kai-shek in Xikou.
On February 26, the Executive Yuan held its 44th meeting in Guangzhou, and according to a secret telegram sent by Chiang Kai-shek from Xikou, Chen Yi was removed from the post of chairman of the provincial government.
Three days later, Chen Yi handed over the work of the provincial government and returned to her home in Shanghai, where she was arrested by special agents led by Mao Sen, the leader of the Kuomintang Military Control Bureau.
On the eve of the liberation of Hangzhou, the Kuomintang took Chen Yi to Taiwan for custody. In June 1950, he was killed by the Taiwan Kuomintang authorities.
The Communist Party has never stopped fighting for Tang Enbo.It would be great if Shanghai could be liberated peacefully like Beiping.The central government is also hesitant about whether to conquer Hangzhou immediately.Later, Su Yu and Zhang Zhen decided to attack Hangzhou first.
The Seventh Corps of the Central Army, under the command of Tan Zhenlin, Wang Jian'an, and Ji Pengfei, went straight to Hangzhou via Jingxian County and Ningguo, and the troops approached the city. The Kuomintang army was already frightened.
In less than half a day, the seven armies of Tang Enbo's group were surrounded, and they immediately lost their positions.They were divided into fragments in the encirclement and attack, the organizational system was chaotic, the command failed, and they completely lost their combat effectiveness.Many military officers robbed ordinary people's clothes in the countryside, disguised themselves as farmers, businessmen, their wives or concubines, disguised as rural women, carried bamboo baskets, pretended to be refugees, and prepared to escape.
Only some of the enemies tried to break out and retreat into the city of Hangzhou.
At this time, the Qiantang River Bridge had been occupied by the vanguard of the People's Liberation Army, which stopped the enemy's attempt to destroy the longest modern bridge in China at that time.
On the afternoon of April 29, the People's Liberation Army cleaning up the battlefield found a suspicious-looking Buddhist worshiper in a temple called Yingfeng Temple in Beishan, Si'an Township.
The man was dressed in peasant rags, but his body was thin and white.The hair is messy, but you can see the original split.He knelt on the futon in the main hall, muttering a prayer.The monk who was burning incense stood beside him, looking at him with a strange look.
The soldiers walked in and saw this man looked strange, so they picked him up from the futon and escorted him back to the army.
After being identified by the captives, it turned out to be Luo Xianda, commander of the enemy's 66th Army.
On May 2, the enemy's regular troops had withdrawn from Hangzhou one after another, and the Zhejiang Provincial Government moved to Ningbo.Therefore, Hangzhou is actually an empty city.
Under such circumstances, Su Yu and Zhang Zhen decisively commanded the 7th Corps to occupy Hangzhou.
At this time, news came from the front: The 110th Division of the Kuomintang, under the leadership of the division commander Liao Yunsheng, successfully held an armed uprising in Yiwu, Zhejiang on May 4.
Liao Yunsheng is from Liaojiawan, Fengtai County, Anhui.The elder brother Liao Yunze and the younger brother Liao Yunzhou are both generals of the Kuomintang.
At that time, it was said that the Feng Shui of the Liao family was good, because there were three generals in Liaojiawan, and they were not small high-ranking officials.
Liao Yunze is a student of Whampoa Phase 1, his cousin Liao Yunsheng is a student of Whampoa Phase 4, and his cousin Liao Yunzhou is a student of Whampoa Phase 5.During the War of Resistance Against Japan, he led his troops to fight bloody battles, and two of the three were officials to division commanders. Liao Yunzhou was the commander of the 110th Division of the Huangwei Corps and a secret member of the Communist Party. On November 27, 1948, Liao Yunzhou led an uprising on the Huaihai battlefield.
Although the three brothers of the Liao family were born in Huangpu, they were not direct descendants of Chiang Kai-shek, and were not valued by Chiang Kai-shek.After Liao Yunzhou's uprising, Chiang Kai-shek, who was already very suspicious, was even more worried about the other two brothers of the Liao family.The Secret Service of the Ministry of National Defense dispatched special agent Liu Huisheng to follow the army to monitor the whereabouts of the two Liao brothers.
Chiang Kai-shek did not expect that Liu Huisheng had a personal relationship with the Liao brothers, and the friendship was very deep. For the sake of both public and private interests, he passed the secret telegram to Liao Yunze to read.
After seeing it, Liao Yunze felt very chilling, which accelerated the determination of the two of them to abandon the dark and turn to the bright.
In March 1949, Jiang restored the designation of the 110th Division and gave this designation to Liao Yunsheng's division.
In late March 1949, Chen Geng, commander of the Second Field and Fourth Corps, met Liao Yunze and asked him to write a letter to Liao Yunsheng and send someone to do the work.
Chen Geng and Liao Yunze were classmates in the first phase of Whampoa, and they kept in close contact for a long time. He knew Liao very well.
In this way, after several twists and turns, the Liao brothers finally got in touch with the Communist Party.Their determination was made, and now it was a matter of timing.
On the morning of April 23, 1949, the 110th Division was ordered to march from Lin'an, Zhejiang via Hangzhou and Xiaoshan to Yiwu.At this time, the Nanjing army had been defeated, and Tang Enbo wanted to draw troops to protect Hangzhou and Shanghai.
In the early morning of May 2, Liao Yunsheng led the headquarters and the directly subordinate team to Yiwu by train.The headquarters is located in Yiwu Library.
As soon as the arrangements were made, Liao Yunsheng's immediate superior, Wu Qiujian, commander of the 85th Army, sent two senior officers and a company of engineers to escort the train to Yiwu Station.
They came to pick up all the family members of the 110th Division on the train and transport them to Fujian in an attempt to take the family members of the whole division as hostages.Liao Yunsheng understood his boss's intentions, so he insisted not to allow his family members to get in the car under the pretext of having no money, no food, no resettlement, and need to make preparations.
Army commander Wu Qiujian called Liao many times to urge Liao, but Liao Yunsheng never let go.
The two sides remained deadlocked until noon that day, when the train to pick up the family members withdrew.
But in the afternoon, Li Yannian, the commander of the 6th Corps, sent a telegram from Jinhua, ordering the 110th Division to quickly drive to Jinhua, under his direct command.
Liao Yunsheng felt that the situation was serious, and he thought that if he went to Jinhua, he would fall into a trap.If you don't go, then the confrontation will become obvious, and you must uprising immediately.
After studying with Comrade Yang Zhenhai, the chief of the enemy engineering section sent by Chen Geng, he believed that the time had come and decided to act immediately.
On the evening of May 2, Liao Yunsheng held a secret meeting with 6 people, including the heads of the regiments and senior counselors, in a secluded place in the backyard of the Yiwu Library.
Liao Yunsheng said: "Commander Chen Geng sent Comrade Yang Zhenhai, chief of the enemy engineering section of the 42nd Division of the People's Liberation Army, to our division with a secret letter from Liao Yunzhou to Liao Yunze and me to mobilize us to revolt in order to cope with the army going south. Only by revolting can the brothers have a way out."
Then he declared: "May 4th is the day in history when the old is replaced by the new, and we revolt!"
After Liao Yunsheng finished speaking, Zhang Puqing, the head of the 330 regiment, responded. Then, the rest of the people also expressed on the spot that they were willing to share life and death with the teacher, share weal and woe, and support the uprising.
After dawn on May 3, Kuomintang planes continued to circle over Yiwu.
The situation at that time was complicated: the headquarters of the 85th Army and its directly subordinate teams were in Jinhua; the 35th Division of the Army was in Dongyang, and the other division was in Zhuji; Peng Huailin of the 318th Division was following the 110th Division.
Although Li Yannian, the commander of the Corps, has fled south, his 96th Army is not far from Yiwu.
For this reason, Liao Yunsheng decided to pull the troops into the mountainous area of Huangzhai in the northwest of Yiwu that night, and called the deputy division commander Liu Xiwen and the chief of staff to his office and said, "I'm sorry, I didn't inform you in advance. The troops have decided to revolt."
There was no obvious change between the two.
As night fell, under the leadership of the guerrilla guides, the troops marched towards the mountains.
Liao Yunsheng declared solemnly: "We have decided to revolt, join the People's Liberation Army, and walk towards the bright road."
Liao Yunsheng's words won the support of the officers and soldiers.Someone shouted slogans on the spot: Long live the Communist Party, Long live the People's Liberation Army and other slogans.
After all, there are many soldiers.Just when Liao Yunsheng announced the uprising, in a corner of the venue, a company commander of the 330th regiment suddenly stood up, pulled out a pistol, and wanted to shoot Liao.
After the meeting, Liao Yunsheng sent an uprising telegram to the whole country.
Just after the uprising swearing-in meeting, Lu Jiayun, the deputy head of the bandit, held a pistol and yelled and cursed all the way, wanting to settle accounts with Liao Yunsheng.Seeing that Liao was not there, he grabbed Zhao Jiwu by the collar and cursed: "If you dare to take the troops away, I will shoot you."
Sheng Xieqin, the chief of staff, also took the opportunity, took out a pistol, loaded it with bullets, and glared.Fortunately, under the obstruction of the regiment leader Lu Yafu and other officers, they also took out their pistols at the same time and pointed at the heads of the two troublemakers, so they all put away their guns.
On May 11, Li Desheng, commander of the People's Liberation Army, led the 35th Division of the Third Corps into Yiwu City, and this uprising division also returned to Yiwu.A few days later, more than 8,000 people from the three regiments of the 110th Division were allocated to the three regiments of the 12th Army, officially entering the ranks of the PLA.
At the same time as the 110th Division uprising, the People's Liberation Army continued to smash into the hinterland of the Kuomintang army on all battlefields.
From May 4th to 7th, the Second Field Army occupied Shangrao, Guixi, Hengfeng, Jinhua, Quxian and other places, controlled the Jiangsu-Zhejiang-Jiangxi line, and cut off the connection between the Tang Enbo Group and the Bai Chongxi Group.
During this period, the first part of Lin Biao's Fourth Field Army and the troops of the Central Plains Military Region successively occupied Xiaogan and Huangpi, pushed into the Wuhan area, and completed the task of containing the Bai Chongxi Group.
The second stage of the cross-river operation ended successfully.
On May 6, the Central Military Commission issued the "Order to Occupy Wusong and Jiaxing for Immediate Deployment to Cut off the enemy's escape route in Shanghai":
Su Yu, Zhang Zhen transferred to Tan Zhenlin, Wang Jianan, and Ji Pengfei and told Chen Yi, Rao Shushi, Liu Bocheng, and Deng Xiaoping:
(1) Telegram from Chen and Rao on the 5th.
(2) Su Yu and Zhang Zhen are requested to immediately deploy to occupy Wusong and Jiaxing within a few days after May 10 and before May 15, blockade the Wusong River Estuary and Zhapu Haikou, and cut off the enemy's escape route in Shanghai, so that Shanghai's supplies will not flow in large numbers. Escape by sea (According to Shanghai Wu Kewen Yici's report, Tang Enbo is transporting supplies), and it is possible to use peaceful means to solve the Shanghai issue. Please Su Yu and Zhang Zhen telegram the specific deployment.
(3) In order to occupy Wusong, we may have to occupy the three cities of Kunshan, Taicang and Baoshan.However, if it is possible not to occupy Jiading City and Lujiabang and Anting to the east of Kunshan City, do not occupy it for the time being.
(4) After occupying Jiaxing, we should continue to occupy Jiashan, Jinshan, Pinghu, Zhapu, and Jinshanwei, but we should not occupy Qingpu, Songjiang, Fengxian and other places for the time being.
(5) In addition, after the Tan Zhenlin, Wang Jian'an, and Ji Pengfei Group have rested in the Hangzhou area for a few days, they should send one or two armies to the east quickly to occupy the line of Hangzhou and Ningbo and Fenghua, Shengxian, Xinchang, and Zhuji to the south of this line. , Yiwu and other counties, and then start work.When occupying Fenghua, the troops should be warned not to destroy Chiang Kai-shek's residence, ancestral hall and other buildings.When occupying Shaoxing, Ningbo, etc., we must pay attention to protecting the houses and properties of the large, medium and small capitalists of the Ningbo Gang, so that we can attract these capitalists to cooperate with us in Shanghai, or reduce their troublesome behavior.
(6) The occupation of Wusong and Jiaxing did not give up the plan to postpone the occupation of Shanghai.When to occupy Shanghai still has to be decided according to the degree of completion of our preparations. It is best to have another month or so to fully complete the preparations, but you still have to be prepared to occupy Shanghai as soon as possible under unavoidable circumstances. .The sooner you can prepare, the better.
(7) Please ask Su Yu and Zhang Zhen to warn the troops in advance, and try their best to avoid conflicts with foreign warships when occupying Wusong.
(Eight)……