Chapter 61 Bingchen Qingming Minganmen Square

On the occasion of the Ching Ming Festival, the doubts, dissatisfaction and resentment that the Chinese people had accumulated for a long time during the "Cultural Revolution" catastrophe finally broke out across the country.Beijing's Tiananmen Square is the fiery "heartbeat" of this general outbreak.Poetry, in the hands of millions of people, shines with splendor, bursting out with deafening power. Thousands of elegiac couplets fluttered on the mountain-like wreaths, and the sea-like plaques, banners, poems and sacrificial texts merged into angry cries, calling out the rain of tears.Readers are like seas and mountains, those who recite are crying, and those who copy are forgetting to eat and sleep.There has never been such a scene in ancient and modern China and abroad. Each poem is like a sharp sword, and all the anger, laughter and scolding are turned into articles, stabbing straight at the "Gang of Four".Many excellent poems and essays were produced in just a few days. The creations of these anonymous authors reflect the miracles that literature and art will create once they are mastered by the masses and become weapons of revolutionary struggle

On the day of Bingchen Ching Ming Festival, the number of participants in Tiananmen Square reached its peak, nearly 2 million people. A young woman who personally experienced and participated in the activities of the Bingchen Ching Ming Festival described what she saw in Tiananmen Square on April 4: The majestic Monument to the People's Heroes stands amidst the sea of ​​flowers and mountains.The highest level of the pedestal is surrounded by wreaths and banners.Under the big red characters "People's Heroes Are Immortal", there is a huge portrait of Premier Zhou. I miss my beloved Premier Zhou day and night!"

The pine walls and iron chains around the monument are covered with small white flowers, like a thick layer of snow. In the pine forest between Zhengyangmen and the Monument, a long row of poems and essays written on paper the size of a big-character poster hung up. In the sea of ​​people between the Monument and Tiananmen, there were several colored gates made of wreaths. There are huge banners on the colorful gates, among which is a well-known banner made of 20-meter-long cloth: "If there are demons stirring up trouble, the people will rise up and kill wolves." Prime Minister, we will always miss you!" The dozen or so big characters inlaid in square panels covered with yellow flowers were hung on more than a dozen tall colorful flag poles, and a flag made of red flowers was hung on the first flag pole.

From the colorful flags to the north, there is a long row of wreaths every few meters, which has been placed under the tall flagpole in front of Tiananmen Square.Among the ocean-like wreaths, there are more than 30 wreaths presented by Shuguang Electric Machinery Factory, and an eye-catching iron wreath made of metal with a height of seven meters and a weight of about 1,000 kilograms presented by Beijing Heavy Electric Machinery Factory. On the cornerstone of the flagpole, there was a basket of flowers presented by a revolutionary teacher at Peking University and a vase of plastic flowers presented by another unit. The vase was placed on a small metal table covered with a golden velvet tablecloth.A huge flower basket containing evergreens was placed in the center of the square, and not far from it was a tombstone made of stone-patterned paper, which neatly transcribed the eulogy delivered by Vice Chairman Deng on behalf of the Party Central Committee at the memorial meeting for Premier Zhou. .

Every lamp post in the square is covered with wreaths or flower baskets.Among them, a bunch of balloons were tied to the lampposts at the east and west ends, and under the balloons were elegiac couplets such as "Remember the Prime Minister" and "The Revolution to the End", and they could be seen flying in the wind over Tiananmen Square from a distance... Which art master designed and decorated this? No!It is the genius creation of thousands of revolutionary masses. ... From early morning to late at night, Tiananmen Square was crowded with hundreds of thousands of people (I was trampled on a shoe, and I couldn't bend down to find it, so I had to go home with one shoe).Some people here swear an oath of silence, some teach songs, some give speeches, some display blood books, and some take photos; here, how many people are crying, how many people are crying... except for a few with "special missions" Is there anyone other than the guy who is not full of grief and indignation, and his blood is boiling?

Tong Huaizhou from the Second Foreign Language Institute made great contributions to the collection, editing, and publication of Tiananmen poems and essays in "Revolutionary Poems". Some excellent proses are collected in "Revolutionary Poems". Dear Premier Zhou, you once said, "Although I have no children, all the children in China are my children." Yes, dear Premier Zhou, all young people in our new China are your children.We solemnly swear to you:  … "Give Our Hearts" Woohoo, sad!The breaking of the pillars, the destruction of the mainstay, mourning in the wilderness, crying to the river of death.The heroic spirit of the world is still awe-inspiring! ——

"Qingming Essays" Some sketches are full of jokes and curses, such as "A Medical Certificate for Wen Wei Po" (signed by a barefoot doctor): "I read your newspaper's anecdote on March 15th, and I am really worried about your health. Let me check it out for you." Bar: Oh, it turned out that I had a high fever; the fever caused insanity..." When this essay was read, laughter and applause erupted in the crowd. The article "Remembering Premier Zhou" is deeply touching, exciting, exciting, and tear-jerking.During the Ching Ming Festival, when a young worker recited aloud with a semiconductor speaker in his hand, there were crowds all around him:

"...the people are thinking, crying, and thinking about you. More importantly, the people have stood up to defend you. No, they are defending their own interests. You and the people are one." This essay was so touching that the speaker's voice sobbed, and many in the audience wept, tears rolling down their cheeks.When young people read aloud "Dear Premier Zhou, although we know that the road is difficult and long, but today, in front of the monument, it is your spiritual spark that made us see the hope and light of the Chinese nation... Hundreds of millions of people broke through all obstacles, When the funeral of the whole nation in Chinese history was held for you", some people in the crowd burst into tears.People looked at the crying sound and saw that it was a policeman who was crying bitterly. Their hearts were full of emotions and thoughts.From this we can see how touching this prose is.

There are also a large number of touching elegiac couplets, which have a distinct color of the times: Shanhe is with you The people live with you a white flower and a heart 800 million people 800 million monument Ashes are sprinkled on the river, endless waves, and the trickle is the tears of the people Zhihua, the sun and the moon, the boundless flames, the grandeur runs through the sky of Shenzhou During the 4th and 5th Qingming Festival, the people created the most and the most touching poems, of course.They were born in the violent storm of the heroic struggle against the Jiang Qing clique. When the "reactionary poems" were investigated, countless people took the risk to store these poems underground, in flower pots, in balls of thread and candles, on furnace walls, in barren mountains and wild mountains. ...A larger number of young people were arrested and imprisoned for writing and reading poems.These psalms were written with blood, tears, and lives.

There are a large number of excellent long poems in memory of Premier Zhou in the Tiananmen Revolutionary Poems.Most of them have more than one hundred lines, and the more prominent ones are signed: "Song Dedicated to Premier Zhou" written by the Metallurgical Plant; These two long poems are deeply emotional, like a rushing river, rushing down thousands of miles.There is no lack of family affection in the reverence, and warm love permeates the pain.Its fighting spirit is expressed in a kind of full confidence and vision of a better future, which is a good lyric poem. take it Please accept the affectionate flowers from your successor.

holding her We seem to see you, Dear Premier Zhou, bright eyes, The right hand is in the bosom, Standing majestically under the blue sky and white clouds. ... until that day We will use the sky-shattering ten thousand gun salute to wake you solemnly, Invite you into the magnificent communist mansion, Please give us a speech on the reviewing stand, Here's another bouquet—— Flowers of communism! —— "Please Accept—Dedicated to the Monument" Many of Tiananmen's poems have a folk flavor, which inherits the simple and natural tradition of Chinese folk songs. flower poem Although few flowers are planted at home, Tomb-sweeping day comes with tears. A bouquet of flowers for the whole family, The Prime Minister will live forever in the hearts of the people—— A whole family (Note: This is a poem under a bouquet of flowers.) A large number of folk-song sentences, blending oral language into poetry, are wonderful; "The People's Prime Minister loves the people, and the People's Prime Minister loves the people", "Whoever said that presenting flowers is an old custom, she will die without flowers in the Ming Dynasty", "Peking University is not big, China is big, Tsinghua is not clear about 800 million Qing", "three people and ten eyes"... Due to cultural confinement and restraint, the situation that satirical poetry has been absent for many years has fundamentally changed this time.Satirical poems have won the love of the masses, and they have been copied one after another.Such as "Ask the Prime Minister for Instructions", "Children's Songs", "Rebuke the "Bald Man", "Feelings from Reading Wen Wei Po on March 15th" and so on. Ask the Prime Minister for instructions: There is a bridge over the Huangpu River, The decay of Jiangqiao has been shaken. Jiang Qiao shakes, Seeing to collapse. Please advise, To dismantle or burn? —— Ordinary workers Bingchen Qingming Never before in the history of China and the world has there been such a grand mass poetry writing, and so many poems have spewed out like an oil well in a short period of time. During the Ching Ming Festival in 1976, there were hundreds of thousands or even millions of people writing, reciting and copying poems in Tiananmen Square.Everyone was moved, shed tears, shouted and thought deeply in the torrent of poetry.Who can tell how many people wrote poems in Bingchen Qingming?How many psalms were written? In 1977, "Revolutionary Poems" was officially published by "Tong Huai Zhou" (the Chinese Teaching and Research Section of Beijing Second Foreign Language Institute), which included 794 Tiananmen poems.The number of old-style poems is considerable, with 275 seven-character poems and 183 words, a total of 458 poems, more than half of the total number of poems.Among them, four, five, and six-character poems have not been counted. If counted, there are 555 poems in total, accounting for the vast majority of the total.The poems compiled and selected by Tong Huaizhou total more than 8,000 lines.Of course, this is only part of Bingchen's Qingming poetry. Angry poets.Tiananmen poems agitate sincere and fiery fighting pride. The Tiananmen poems fully demonstrate the initiative of the masses in creating history, and indeed push the wheel of history forward.In the square, personal emotion merges with national emotion.Poetry and revolution, literature and politics have never been so closely combined.This is an unprecedented phenomenon in the history of Chinese literature.It will also occupy a special place in the history of world literature.The tradition of realist poetry in our country has been carried forward to the fullest in this poetic movement. At 11 o'clock in the middle of the night on April 4, many people who read and copied poems in the square were rounded up, and a large number of wreaths and mourning poems were destroyed.The square was decorated with colorful lights, and rows of trucks drove in. Workers' militia, police, and soldiers put wreaths on the trucks.The small wreath was thrown onto the car at once, and the big wreath was pushed to the ground. Several people stepped on it and threw it on the car after being trampled.The wreaths and garlands hanging on the lanterns were knocked down with big bamboo poles, and the wreaths made by the people with their painstaking efforts were smashed to the ground, turning into a pile of sludge in the rain. Mountains of wreaths were piled up around the monument, and they couldn't be transported for a while, so the fire trucks with lifting ladders imported from West Germany also came.Some firefighters stood on the lifting platform and untied the slogans and elegiac couplets tied at high places.Some firefighters climbed onto the base of the monument and threw wreaths and Premier Zhou's portrait down.The people below hooked down with bamboo poles.Many of the crowd who fled the square and workers off duty watched these actions from afar. A little girl took out the binoculars from her schoolbag and clearly saw that the prime minister's portrait was trampled underfoot by those people, the frame of the mirror was smashed, and the wreath was overturned.Those people were talking and laughing, and the square was cold and full of chills. At 5 o'clock in the morning on the 5th, the wreaths were looted.The angry crowd shouted the slogan "Return my wreath, return my comrades in arms". Out of righteous indignation, they burned the small building of the militia headquarters where the "Gang of Four" suppressed the masses and the cars parked in front of the building.In the evening, the square was surrounded and many people were arrested. On the 7th, Jiang Qing, Zhang Chunqiao, Yao Wenyuan, Wang Hongwen and others summoned their group of scholars in the Great Hall of the People. Jiang Qing said in the East Hall: "We have won, congratulations to you."He also said in a serious manner: "Have you been beaten?" At the banquet, Zhang Chunqiao instructed, "These guys wrote those reactionary poems in order to promote Deng Xiaoping as Najib in the Hungarian counter-revolutionary incident", and asked the "Workers, Peasants and Soldiers Correspondents" to follow this tune. Write a public report. In the public report, a poem was painstakingly quoted as an important basis for the "Tiananmen counter-revolutionary political incident": want to haunt ghosts, I cry jackals laugh, Shedding tears to pay homage to Xiongjie, Raising the eyebrow sword out of its sheath. China is no longer the China of the past. The people are not foolish, Qin Huang's feudal society is gone forever, We believe in Marxism-Leninism, Let those talents who castrate Marxism-Leninism, To hell! We want real Marxism-Leninism. We are not afraid to shed our blood, Four Modernization Days, We must set up a heavy sacrifice with wine. This poem is two poems written by two people who don't know each other, edited and pieced together.Yao Wenyuan, who was guilty of a guilty conscience, cut off a large section of poems praising Premier Zhou and denouncing the "Gang of Four", and then slandered: the so-called opposition to the "Emperor Qin" and "true Marxism-Leninism" are exactly the same as the language in Lin Biao's counter-revolutionary coup plan. Counter-revolutionary agitation.