Chapter 16 The Annihilation of Team X and the Death of Kwak Se Young

Guo Shiying is the son of Guo Moruo.According to the memory of Wan Boao, the son of Wanli, he is 1.80 meters tall and was the goalkeeper of the school football team when he was studying in No. 101 Middle School.Not only does he love sports, he is physically active, but he is also smart. You can basically recite 200,000 words of silent reading twice. Guo Shiying entered the Philosophy Department of Peking University in 1962.At that time, there was an upsurge in studying philosophy across the country, and philosophy groups were established in grassroots units. Newspapers and periodicals continued to publish the use of philosophical ideas in various industries, mainly based on the idea of ​​"dividing one into two" to solve various problems ranging from politics to military affairs, from production to teaching. Various questionable and contradictory articles. "One divides into two" is regarded as a panacea for resolving all contradictions.In this atmosphere, Guo Shiying and a few classmates organized to march into the "forbidden zone" of philosophy. Their naivety and seriousness made them raise many sensitive philosophical unknowns, so they named their group: X group.

The questions they studied included: Is the basic contradiction of socialism class struggle? Was the "Great Leap Forward" a success or a failure?Can Mao Zedong Thought be divided into two?What is authority?Is there a peak?etc.Their discussions often lasted all night, and during the winter and summer vacations, they also used correspondence to discuss the Xs that were constantly raised. Group X's remarks and activities attracted the attention of Peking University and the public security department, and the relevant department grasped their "serious political problems" from the intercepted letters and mimeographed manuscripts.Because the first letter of Khrushchev's Russian spelling is also X, the X group is "naturally" regarded as the "Khrushchev group".In the atmosphere of the CCP's "Nine Commentaries" open letter debate at that time, under the strong political offensive, the X group collapsed and were arrested one after another.Guo Shiying was characterized as "having anti-Party and anti-socialist remarks", "the nature of which is a contradiction between the enemy and ourselves", but "handled according to the contradictions among the people".Under the personal inquiry and arrangement of Premier Zhou, Guo Shiying was sent to Xihua Farm in Henan Province to work on the farm in the name of "decentralized labor".

Guo Shiying's X group was uncovered, making the "Sun Column" (poetry salon) of Zhang Langlang, Dong Shabei, Zhang Wenxing, Zhang Xinhua, Yu Zhixin, Zhang Zhenzhou, Zhang Runfeng and others startled, and disbanded within a few days. . Guo Shiying was persecuted to death by the rebels at 6 a.m. on April 26, 1968.In the private cell set up by the Agricultural University, he was bound to a chair by his limbs and criticized in turn for three consecutive days and three nights, suffering all kinds of physical abuse.In the end, the person "flyed" out of the prison room, a third-floor window, tied behind his back... The ground was bloodied and the ground in front of the building was stained red.He was only 26 years old when he died.Regarding his death, Wan Boao said it was a "blood protest" suicide.Zhang Langlang said yes, he committed suicide.

Guo Shiying is also good at writing poetry, but it is rarely handed down.Wan Boao preserved a nursery rhyme "Little Dung Basket" that he wrote on the blackboard newspaper of Xihua Farm. Little dung basket, /Little dung basket,/Dung is a baby and you are a mother. / Charming dung made a heap, / Smells Mayflower. / Little dung basket, / Little dung basket, / You gave me thoughts, You gave me direction, / You and I will always sing together. The talented Guo Shiying only left us such a nursery rhyme praising the dung basket, which is a tragedy in itself. Mou Dunbai was the first to be released in the case of Guo Shiying.Everyone in the salon lives in the shadow cast by this case. In 1966, Zhang Langlang was imprisoned for crimes such as "Sun Column", secret gatherings, and Yuan Yunsheng's paintings.Zhang Langlang ran away, and when he broke up with his friends, he wrote four words on the title page of Wang Dongbai's book: Believe in the future.

When Zhang Langlang fled to the south, Gan Huili wrote a sad farewell poem "I Don't Believe: You Have Gone" (the title is incorrect).And Guo Lusheng wrote the masterpiece "Believe in the Future".Therefore, Guo Lusheng once said to Zhang Langlang: "The title of my song "Believe in the Future" comes from you." It was all of the above that led to Guo Lusheng's "premature maturity".When he wrote the poem "Believe in the Future", at least one generation of underground literary history had accumulated on him. Guo Lusheng was the first person in the new poetry movement during the "Cultural Revolution".

Just relying on the poem "Believe in the Future", the index finger (that is, Guo Lusheng) became famous all over the world.His poems were widely circulated secretly among the youth at that time.No matter in Shanxi, northern Shaanxi, or in Yunnan, Hainan Island, or the Great Northern Wilderness...wherever there are educated youths, the poems written by Index Finger are secretly passed on.At that time, people had all kinds of guesses about the index finger, and it was spread amazingly.Even Zhang Langlang, who was imprisoned in the detention center of the Beijing Public Security Bureau, heard about this poem in prison.In the later period of the "Cultural Revolution", Guo Lusheng gradually suffered a nervous breakdown and became a mental patient.According to Li Xiaofeng's article in "Hainan Documentary", his illness was related to his tragic love affair with Sai Shaohua.Many of his poems were written for Sai Shaohua, but Sai's family disagreed with them.Li Xiaofeng recalled the meeting with Guo Lusheng back then, and had a particularly good impression of him, saying that he was humble and generous.Whenever we get together, everyone says: "You are fucking good, give us a song." He is not shy at all, and says: "Okay! Let me read a few songs for you!" After reading, he still humbles himself Said: "The writing is not good, please give more comments." At that time, Li Xiaofeng put forward some comments on his poems.Guo Lusheng listened patiently.People at that time were crazy, and the audience was really full of hidden dragons and crouching tigers.The later famous poet Bei Dao answered reporters' questions in France and recalled that why he wrote poems at that time was because he read Guo Lusheng's poems.

Duoduo of the "Baiyangdian Poetry School" later commented on Guo Lusheng that he was "the only poet who has gone crazy among all the poets since Zhu Xiang committed suicide, and he was also the first person who fell underground for the New Poetry Movement since the 1970s." From the very few poems that have been handed down, we can vaguely see the traces of his love life and the broken state of his heart: The fiery red wine seems to be brewed from hot blood, Joyful cups overflowing with mad enthusiasm, And now the glass trembles violently in my hand, There are still your beautiful eyes in the fluctuations——

Tears and fantasies will eventually be exhausted, The Muse too shall lie in a barren grave. Waiting for my lover to abandon me, Or wait until I, too, abandon my lover— "Just Forget About Her" Guo Lusheng had a mental breakdown in 1974, and he wrote "Mad Dog": After enough merciless teasing, I no longer see myself as a human being. As if I were a mad dog, Wandering aimlessly in the world. I'm worse than a mad dog, The dog is anxious that it can jump out of the wall. And I just suffer in silence. I have more poignancy than Mad Dog. It just so happens that this is a poem that can properly describe the mentality of the educated youth at that time, and it is even more meaningful.By 1974, a generation of young people was really overwhelmed by oppression and lost the courage to blindly "believe in the future".They have "too many welts, too many doubts, they lost their direction and faith in the confusion of the yellow sand", like the "mad dog" in Guo Lusheng's poem.When Xu Jingya commented on "Mad Dog", "The poignant verses really make the heart tremble." The dark night screams rebelliously. It is not the whine of madness, but the most precious moan of lucidity."