Chapter 13 Chapter Three: From Guo Lusheng and Yiqun to the Explosion of Fairy Tale Poems

In the winter of 1970, there was an upsurge of criticizing the "landlord and bourgeois theory of human nature" targeting Liu Shaoqi across the country.It was during such a harsh winter that the spiritual early spring of the educated youth in Beijing began. The two most fashionable books and "Train Ticket with Stars" have brought a new wind to Beijing youth.Immediately, a batch of yellow papers spread throughout Beijing: "The Valley of the Lady" (Soviet Russia), Beckett's "Chair", Sartre's "Disgust and Others", etc.At the same time, handwritten novels began to circulate among young people: Bi Ruxie's "The Nine Waves", Gan Huili's "When the Hibiscus Flowers Bloom Again", and Guo Lusheng's poem "Believe in the Future".

Among the secretly operating art salons in Beijing, there is a very active big salon, a big circle.Many well-known young poets, pioneers of new poetry, and many young people who love literature have been in and out of it, and many literary circles have had cross-relationships with this big circle.This is the underground art salon hosted by Zhao Yifan. To understand the activities of this salon, one must first understand Zhao Yifan. Zhao Yifan (1935-1988) was originally from Yiwu, Zhejiang Province, but was born in Shanghai. His parents were both senior intellectuals. He was disabled due to illness since he was a child and was bedridden twice for 15 years.He only went to elementary school for three months, but he finished the liberal arts in college by himself.Mainly engaged in children's literature editing, and has done proofreading of classical literature books and dictionaries.Another important contribution in his life was the collection and arrangement of private cultural materials.During the "Cultural Revolution", he preserved a large number of precious materials in the underground world. At the beginning of 1975, because of "exchanging, collecting and disseminating reactionary articles", he was charged with organizing the counter-revolutionary group "Fourth International" and was arrested and imprisoned. In 1976, the "Gang of Four" was smashed and released from prison, and some of the confiscated materials were fortunately returned.Thanks to Zhao Yifan's careful collection and editing for many years, a large amount of literary materials have been preserved.A considerable part of the poems that had been lost and forgotten by the original authors were rediscovered and published, and many poems finally changed from "underground poetry" to "ground poetry".Zhao Yifan is a silent devotee of modern poetry and has made outstanding contributions to the "underground poetry".

When Xu Xiao recalled Zhao Yifan, he said, "He is a person without age. You can say that he is twenty years old, or that he is forty years old. The closer people get to him, the more mysterious they will be. According to the "Cultural Revolution" "From the perspective of class struggle at that time, Zhao Yifan undoubtedly belonged to a 'spiritual' instigator, a deeply hidden 'active counter-revolutionary'." From the eyes of others, Zhao Yifan's life may be very unfortunate.He suffered from spinal cord problems since he was a child, which caused him to be paralyzed all over his body.She slept on a plaster bed at the age of four and slept for six years.During this period, he continued to undergo major operations. After continuous operations, he was able to stand up gradually and recovered to be able to walk with crutches.Perhaps since the time he can remember, he has lived in a struggle with pain, which has also formed his unusual tenacity.

His father, Zhao Pingsheng, was an old party member who joined the party in 1926. He was labeled as a Trotskyite in the party before liberation.He himself is a scholar and philosopher with higher education. During the Revolutionary War, he served as the editor-in-chief of a famous newspaper "Yanfu Daily" in the base area. After liberation, he served as the secretary-general of the National Textual Reform Committee.Zhao Yifan's mother was born in a big capitalist in Shanghai, and also an intellectual, who wrote a very beautiful regular script.Because Zhao Yifan's parents were members of the Communist Party and wanted to engage in revolutionary work, Zhao Yifan wandered with his father and never went to school for a few days in his life.His culture comes from seeing and coming.Zhao Yifan was influenced by his father since he was a child, and read a lot of Marxist-Leninist books. He is very orthodox and believes in communism.In the 1930s and 1940s, he wrote a children's book "Lenin's Story" when he was a teenager, and managed to publish it in Shanghai.

When Xu Xiao recalled Zhao Yifan, he said: "This person is very smart, has an amazing memory, is extremely rigorous in his studies and work, and has a high quality. This person is very contradictory, but also very orthodox, very revolutionary but very 'right'." Zhao Yifan gave a A veteran cadre wrote a letter saying: "Your daughter talked to me, and I found that she is a good young man, but her class consciousness is not high. She looks down on the veteran cadres and is more worried about her development." He is such an orthodox person, But it did many things that were contrary to the government at that time.”

In the 1950s, Zhao Yifan did youth work on the street, and later, he participated in the compilation of books in the Text Reform Committee.The books compiled at that time included children's books, language books, and phonetic books.Later, Zhao Yifan was actually a language expert.The last revision of the book "Ciyuan" by the Commercial Press was all proofread by him.His father is the secretary-general of the "Cultural Reform Committee", and Zhao Yifan has been working for the "Cultural Reform Committee" for many years, but he never thought of getting a staff for his son, and he has always been a non-staff.Sometimes I go to work, sometimes I come back to work, and I have to work overtime. I have never received a penny of national wages.

At the beginning of the "Cultural Revolution", Zhao Yifan's body had recovered to the point where he could walk with crutches out of his wheelchair.At that time, his activities covered almost the whole of Beijing. He went to Peking University, Tsinghua University and other schools to copy big-character posters and left a lot of materials.From the beginning of the movement, he devoted himself to collecting folklore, various tabloids and leaflets.In the later period of the "Cultural Revolution", many manuscripts of poems and novels were collected in his hands through various channels.He holds a large number of materials about the ideological activities of young and middle-aged people during the "Cultural Revolution".

Another work Zhao Yifan did was to devote himself to the cultural enlightenment of the generation of young people during the "Cultural Revolution". At that time, all libraries were closed, all literary works (except gang literature and art) became poisonous weeds, and books were scarce.Zhao Yifan carefully collected various literary works, and then spread these books.He arranged it so cleverly that a book was read by one person, and then passed directly to another person.When Xu Xiao recalled Zhao Yifan, he said: "Zhao Yifan hopes that everyone can grow and mature, and he has given us a lot of enlightenment. His large number of letters (especially in 1972 and 1973) often contain reviews of certain books; often someone × Come to pick up the ×× book from me at ×× time, ×× time, and the ×× book should be returned; letters often contain these contents (all his letters are left as drafts, written on the back of the used paper, the words are very small and neat )."