Chapter 7 Section 3 Re-read the report of the 11th National Congress of the Communist Party of China

In the course of writing articles commemorating the Third Plenary Session of the Eleventh Central Committee from December 18 to 22, 1978, and the preceding Central Work Conference from November 10 to December 15, I often brought up the 1977 The political report made by Hua Guofeng at the Eleventh National Congress of the Communist Party of China held from August 12th to August 18th was compared.It is quite meaningful to do so.I think many people today have completely forgotten about that conference, and don't remember what was said in that report. The report had a 2,000-word preface praising Mao Zedong.In this preface, it is said that Mao Zedong won the complete victory of the new democratic revolution in more than half a century, "then he went through repeated and fierce contests between the proletariat and the bourgeoisie, and through the Great Proletarian Cultural Revolution, he achieved social victory. The great victory of socialist revolution and socialist construction".He talked about Mao Zedong's great contribution to the contemporary Chinese revolutionary communist movement and to Marxism, and pointed out that "we must hold high and resolutely defend the great banner of Chairman Mao."

The subtitle of the first part after the preface is "Our Party's Eleventh Line Struggle", pointing out that "Our Party's struggle against the Wang, Zhang, Jiang, and Yao 'Gang of Four' anti-Party cliques is the first in the history of our Party. Eleventh Great Line Struggle". Before Lin Biao's self-explosion in 1971, Mao Zedong talked about ten line struggles with some leading cadres during his southern tour.I have introduced these ten routes before.The report of the Eleventh National Congress added this struggle between the Party and the "Gang of Four" as the eleventh line struggle.

In this section, the reporter started from the top ten members of the party, and believed that they had adopted an ultra-right "counter-revolutionary revisionist line."Then it is described that in the three years of 1974, 1975, and 1976, Mao Zedong "was aware of the anti-Party activities of the 'Gang of Four' for a long time, severely criticized and warned them many times, and personally led our party to carry out repeated struggles against them."This part is written in more than 5000 words.There is one thing worth noting in this part, which is to write such a paragraph:

"Before and after the death of the beloved Premier Zhou, the 'Gang of Four' became rampant again. They attacked Premier Zhou wantonly, and suppressed and persecuted the cadres and the masses who mourned Premier Zhou. They violated Chairman Mao's instructions and set up another , to attack and frame Comrade Deng Xiaoping." This passage is all about Deng Xiaoping.Although the entire paragraph is about how Mao Zedong resolutely refused to allow the "Gang of Four" to become prime minister and preside over the daily work of the Central Committee, and determined Hua Guofeng's personnel arrangements as the first vice chairman of the Party Central Committee and Premier of the State Council, etc., it finally spoke for Deng Xiaoping A good word, using this method of "holding high the banner of Mao Zedong" to name "Deng Xiaoping" in the speech, to explain Deng Xiaoping's comeback at the meeting.

After the 5,000-word description of the struggle between Mao Zedong and the "Gang of Four," the report also introduced the "permanent expulsion of Wang Hongwen, Zhang Chunqiao, Jiang Qing, and Yao Wenyuan" at the Third Plenary Session of the Tenth Central Committee held from July 16 to 22, 1977. party membership, revoked all their positions inside and outside the party, and thoroughly liquidated their crimes of anti-communism, anti-people and counter-revolution.” Then the report expounded "Chairman Mao's great theory of continuing the revolution under the dictatorship of the proletariat", saying that it "has become more deeply rooted in the hearts of the people through the Great Proletarian Cultural Revolution and has become a glorious banner for hundreds of millions of people to fight victoriously."He also criticized the theory of "falsification" by the "Gang of Four", pointing out that "Chairman Mao's great theory of continuing revolution under the dictatorship of the proletariat has a particularly important position in the history of the development of Marxism", emphasizing:

"If we say that Lenin's greatest contribution to the theory of the proletarian revolution and the dictatorship of the proletariat is that he revealed the law of the development of imperialism in the final stage of capitalism, and established that the proletarian revolution can win in a country where the imperialist front is the weakest link. And can build the great theory of socialism, then, Chairman Mao's greatest contribution to the theory of proletarian revolution and proletarian dictatorship is... to point out how to consolidate the dictatorship of the proletariat in countries where the proletarian revolution has won, prevent the restoration of capitalism, and build The fundamental path of socialism. This is the most important achievement of contemporary Marxism."

In this paragraph, Chairman Mao also quoted Chairman Mao's words about "rectifying those in power within the party who are taking the capitalist road" and "those who are engaged in socialist revolution and do not know where the capitalist class is. establishment" such supreme directives.This part is also quite long at about 7000 words. Then the report of the 11th National Congress used a large paragraph of nearly a thousand words to reiterate the necessity of launching this "Great Proletarian Cultural Revolution".He quoted Mao Zedong's words: "This Great Proletarian Cultural Revolution is absolutely necessary and timely for consolidating the dictatorship of the proletariat, preventing the restoration of capitalism, and building socialism." Then he began to talk about the end of the "Great Cultural Revolution".

The 11th National Congress officially declared the end of the "Cultural Revolution".But how does it address this end?First of all, he quoted what Mao Zedong said at the beginning of the "Cultural Revolution" that "the world is in chaos, and the world will be ruled" and Mao Zedong said many times after the Party's Tenth Congress that "the Great Proletarian Cultural Revolution has been eight years. Now, it is better to be stable. The whole party and the whole army must be united". "Stability and unity are better." Hua Guofeng continued: "But the 'Gang of Four' tried their best to sabotage and cause trouble. Now that the 'Gang of Four' has been defeated, we can achieve stability and unity according to Chairman Mao's instructions, and achieve great order in the world. In this way, my country's first Great Proletarian Cultural Revolution, which lasted eleven years, was marked by the crushing of the 'Gang of Four' and declared a triumphant end."

This kind of statement seems quite funny today, but at that time Hua Guofeng said such things very seriously.It is not enough to say this, and I will write a paragraph below to play on the conclusion that the report announced the end of the first "Great Proletarian Cultural Revolution".Because Mao Zedong said that political revolutions of the nature of the Cultural Revolution would be repeated many times in the future, so after announcing the end of the first "Cultural Revolution", he also wrote this paragraph: Stability and unity do not mean that class struggle (this sentence The words are printed in bold, that is Mao Zedong's quotations).The victorious end of the first Great Proletarian Cultural Revolution is by no means the end of the class struggle, nor the end of the continued revolution under the dictatorship of the proletariat.Throughout the historical stage of socialism, there has always been a struggle between the proletariat and the bourgeoisie, and the struggle between the two roads of socialism and capitalism.This struggle is long-term, tortuous, and sometimes even fierce.Political revolutions of the nature of the Cultural Revolution will continue many times in the future.We must follow Chairman Mao's teachings, carry through to the end the continuing revolution under the dictatorship of the proletariat, gradually eliminate the bourgeoisie and all exploiting classes, use socialism to defeat capitalism, and achieve our ultimate goal - communism.

Hua Guofeng's report to the Eleventh National Congress consisted of two parts. The first part, "Our Party's Eleventh Line Struggle," was the most important part, with more than 10,000 words.The second part, "Situation and Tasks," is several thousand words longer than the first part, but the content is relatively fragmented.It uses three-quarters of the page to introduce the "several requirements for achieving great order in the world" put forward by him on behalf of the Party Central Committee at the Central Work Conference in March 1977, including: exposing and criticizing the "Gang of Four"; Focus on production; focus on culture and education; strengthen the state apparatus; promote democracy; make overall arrangements and comprehensive arrangements.

——It is worth noting that he said: "The victory of the first Great Proletarian Cultural Revolution brought my country's socialist revolution and socialist construction into a new period of development. At the critical moment of entering this new period, the Party Central Committee made The strategic decision of grasping key points and governing the country was made. This means that in the fierce struggle between the two classes and two roads, stability and unity will be achieved, the dictatorship of the proletariat will be consolidated, the victory of the Great Proletarian Cultural Revolution will be consolidated and developed, and the world will be ruled. The Party Central Committee There is a central point in the strategic decision-making of grasping the principles and governing the country, which is to hold high and defend the great banner of Chairman Mao, mobilize the masses freely, unite all forces that can be united, carry through to the end the great struggle to expose and criticize the 'Gang of Four', and thoroughly eliminate their counter-revolutionaries Consolidate and develop the victorious results of the eleventh line struggle, and fully and correctly implement Chairman Mao's proletarian revolutionary line in all fields of our country's political, economic, military, cultural and foreign affairs. .” I think it is still very beneficial to re-read the report of the 11th National Congress of the Communist Party of China.It made me revisit the language used by our Party Congress before the Central Work Conference and the Third Plenary Session, and what kind of thinking the whole party was required to accept; Those who have changed from the political line and ideological line of the Communist Party of China know how our country will develop even if the "Gang of Four" disappears if we don't abandon this set of ideas—I am afraid that the party and the country will still perish. Incidentally, the preamble to the Party Constitution of the Communist Party of China adopted at the 11th National Congress also states that “great victories in socialist revolution and socialist construction have been achieved through the unprecedented Great Proletarian Cultural Revolution.” "The Great Proletarian Cultural Revolution in our country is a great political revolution in which the proletariat opposes the bourgeoisie and all exploiting classes under conditions of socialism, consolidates the dictatorship of the proletariat, and prevents the restoration of capitalism. There will be many more great political revolutions of this nature in the future. times." Note the last word "many times". I can also talk about what I know about the drafting of the report to the 11th National Congress: The report to the 11th National Congress was drafted by Li Xin and others, but it was after the Third Plenary Session of the Tenth Central Committee.At this time Deng Xiaoping had already returned, and he also told us some issues in the drafting process.He said that he also raised a lot of opinions, but Li Xin and the others refused to listen to him at that time.Of course, we can’t completely ignore it. For example, there was a paragraph in Li Xin’s manuscript that continued to criticize the “Only Productivity Theory,” and Deng Xiaoping read it to us.Deng Xiaoping said that he told Li Xin and the others who drafted the document that this way of writing is not acceptable. He disagreed with their writing, and he did not agree with their writing that "Only Productivity Theory" is a revisionist fallacy, and from here on, it should be reversed. , to mention the development of productive forces.As a result, the report to the 11th National Congress did not contain words to criticize the "theory of productive forces".