Standing on the top of Changbai Mountain at an altitude of more than 5,000 meters, overlooking the vast forest, the vast land and the winding Songhua River, the vast and mighty, rolling to the north, how many people have infinite feelings for this magical land and its history yearning. Like the Yellow River Basin and the Yangtze River Basin, the Northeast is also the cradle of the birth of the Chinese nation and the birthplace of traditional Chinese culture.Its cultural origin can be traced back to the Hongshan culture that arose in western Liaoning and shocked the land of China.Archaeologists have made a scientific evaluation of the Hongshan culture: "5,000 years ago, there existed a primitive civilized society with the embryonic form of a country", which "advanced the history of Chinese civilization by more than 1,000 years, and there will be more than just legends before Xia."Therefore, the academic circles call it "the first dawn of civilization on the land of China".And this dawn broke through the long night of hundreds of thousands of years of human beings, and brought the light of civilization to the Chinese nation.A series of archaeological discoveries in Northeast China irrefutably prove that the civilization in the Liaohe River Basin has come to the forefront of history, and its primitive culture has reached the pinnacle of the world.With its splendid cultural creation, the Liaohe River Basin shows that it is also one of the birthplaces of Chinese civilization.In ancient times, the Shang nation and Dongyi culture originated in the Liaohe River Basin in the northeast.In Chinese history, the ethnic minorities in Northeast China have competed in the Central Plains six times, which profoundly influenced and even changed the course of history.

Around the 19th century BC, the Northeast people went south to the Central Plains for the first time.The Yin people started from Dongyi, crossed Yanshan Mountain from the west of Liaoning, and clashed with the Youyi tribe in the Yishui River Basin.Wang Hai, the leader of the Yin and Shang Dynasties, was killed.The successor leader, Shangjiawei, killed the ruler of Youyi, Mianju, and killed Youyi, and entered the North China Plain.Six generations later, Cheng Tang, the leader of the Shang Dynasty, established the Shang Dynasty and controlled the Central Plains for more than 500 years.China has entered a strong period of slave society.

In the 4th century, the Northeast people went south to the Central Plains for the second time.The Xianbei people originated from the eastern foot of the Greater Khingan Mountains after the Donghu people.At the end of the Western Jin Dynasty, the world was in chaos.The Xianbei Murong clan, Tuoba clan, and Yuwen clan successively went south to the Central Plains and established the Zhuyan, Zhuwei and Northern Zhou regimes. In 386, Xianbei Tuobagui established the Northern Wei Dynasty and unified northern China.By 581, the Yuwen regime in the Northern Zhou Dynasty was destroyed by the Sui Dynasty, and the Xianbei people controlled northern China for 195 years.

In the 10th century, the Northeast people went south to the Central Plains for the third time.The Khitan people originated in the West Liaohe River Basin. At the end of the Tang Dynasty, the Khitan people rose. In 907, Khitan Yelu Abaoji established the Liao Dynasty and continued to invade the Central Plains.He successively forced the regimes of Later Jin, Later Han, and Northern Han to become ministers, cut off sixteen prefectures of Youyun, and forced the Northern Song Dynasty to sign the Chanyuan Alliance.It was destroyed by Jin in 1125, and the Liao Dynasty controlled the north of the Great Wall for 218 years.

In the 12th century, the Northeast people went south to the Central Plains for the fourth time.The Jurchens, after Sushen, an ancient nation in Northeast China, originated in the Songhua River Basin. In 1115, Jurchen Wanyan Aguda established the Jin Dynasty. In 1125, the Liao Dynasty was destroyed. In 1127, the Northern Song Dynasty was destroyed.It was destroyed by Mongolia until 1234, and the Jin Dynasty controlled northern China for 109 years. In the 13th century, the Northeast people went south to the Central Plains for the fifth time.After the Mongols became the Donghu, they originated in the Greater Khingan Mountains, and then developed westward to control the Mongolian grasslands.

In 1206, Genghis Khan unified Mongolia. In 1234, gold was destroyed. In 1271, Kublai Khan named his country Yuan. In 1279, the Southern Song Dynasty was destroyed.It was destroyed by the Ming Dynasty in 1368, and the Yuan Dynasty controlled the north and ruled China for 134 years, laying the foundation for today's Chinese territory. In the 17th century, the Northeast people went south to the Central Plains for the sixth time.After the Manchus became the Jurchen, they originated in the Changbai Mountains. In 1616, Nurhaci established the Houjin regime, which was a rival to the Ming Dynasty.

In 1636, Huang Taiji changed the name of the country to Qing Dynasty. In 1644, the Qing army entered the pass, and until 1661, it ruled the world, achieving the largest territory in Chinese history.It ruled China for 267 years until the 1911 Revolution and the fall of the Qing Dynasty. To sum up, in Chinese history, the Northeast people went south six times, influencing and ruling China for more than 1,400 years. Since the Xia Dynasty, the history of China's state power has only been more than 4,000 years. As much as one-third of the time, the Northeast plays the leading role.The ethnic groups in Northeast China have made indelible contributions to the formation and development of the Chinese nation and to the prosperity and strength of ancient China.Not only that, the performance they created also shocked the world.The Qing Dynasty founded by the Manchus had an impact on the world; even the Balhae State, which was only a minority regime in the Northeast, left its deep mark in Japanese history.

In the early Qing Dynasty, the northeast border stretched from the Sea of ​​Japan to the east, the Bohai Sea and the Yellow Sea to the south, the Mongolian Plateau to the west, and the Waixing'an Mountains to the north.From the north to the south, the majestic Waixing'an Mountains, stretching thousands of miles, are the natural barrier of Heilongjiang's northern wilderness; Sakhalin Island is like a giant whale lying on the coast of the Pacific Ocean, facing the east of the Ussuri River across the sea; while the Liaodong Peninsula, which is close to the Bohai Sea and the Yellow Sea in the south, faces the Shandong Peninsula across the sea, like two gates It locks the entrance of the Bohai Sea and guards the hinterland of China.Therefore, this area has become the thoroughfare or springboard to the hinterland of China, the Korean Peninsula, the Japanese islands, Europe and Russia, the Thousand Islands, the Aleutian Islands and the Americas, and has an extremely important strategic position in the Far East Pacific region.

Northeast China has been an important strategic location since ancient times and can influence the course of Chinese history. Whoever controls the Northeast controls the whole country, so the rulers of all dynasties have focused their energy on the management of the Northeast.Some people say that "those who win the Northeast gain the world, and those who lose the Northeast lose the world", which is true.