Chapter 52 Chapter 51: "No Man's Land" on the Shanxi-Chahar-Hebei Reliao Border

During the Anti-Japanese War, the Japanese invaders created "no man's land" everywhere in China, creating the most barbaric and brutal page in the history of imperialist powers invading China. The largest "no man's land" created by the Japanese army was established in Jincha Hebei re-Liao border area. This area is the first anti-Japanese base area established by the Eighth Route Army led by the Communist Party of China behind the enemy in North China, and it is called the Shanxi-Chahar-Hebei Border Area.It includes the vast areas inside and outside the Great Wall of Shanxi, Hebei, Hebei, Pingxi, Hebei, Chahar and Hebei.The Shanxi-Chahar-Hebei Anti-Japanese Democratic Base is a sharp knife piercing the heart of the Japanese occupying forces in North China. It is a forward position advancing into the Northeast and has an important strategic position.

In the early days of the Anti-Japanese War, the Japanese invaders continued to besiege, suppress, and "sweep" the base areas in an attempt to relieve them of their confidant's troubles, but they all failed, and tens of thousands of Japanese soldiers were buried in the surrounding area.After the outbreak of the Pacific War, the Japanese invaders attempted to turn North China into their military base. For this reason, the main force of the Japanese army returned to the enemy's rear and transferred Ningz Okamura, known as one of the three masters of the Japanese warlord, as the commander-in-chief of the North China Front Army.In order to eliminate the Jinchaji anti-Japanese base areas, block the Eighth Route Army's advance route to the northeast, and cut off the connection between the soldiers and civilians in the border areas and Yan'an and other anti-Japanese base areas, Okamura Ningci formulated the most vicious "no man's land" plan, and implemented them all over North China. The method of "returning to Datun" implemented in the Puppet Manchukuo completely implemented the inhumane "Three Lights Policy".

The "no man's land" created by the Japanese invaders in the Shanxi-Chahar-Hebei border area actually included the border areas of the five provinces of Shanxi-Chahar-Hebei at that time.According to the Japanese formulation, it is also called "no-living zone", "no-resident zone", and "no-living zone".In this area, the Japanese army attempted to burn down all the villages, all the houses, and farm tools, and even dug down the caves where people lived.Okamura Ningci ordered today's army to snatch or burn all the food and property in the "no man's land", including the crops growing in the ground, all the mills were smashed, all the wells were filled up, and all the trees were not planted. Cut off the rest.Anyone who refuses to leave or hides will be shot and killed immediately if found.Regardless of men, women, old or young, all were forced to move to places designated by the Japanese army, namely the so-called "tribes", "circle of people", "enclosures" and "security areas".From the autumn of 1941 to the surrender of Japan in 1945, the "no man's land" created by the Japanese invaders in Shanxi, Chahar, Hebei and Reliao had reached a vast area. According to written records, starting from Shanhaiguan and Suizhong in the east, along the Great Wall In the area of ​​700 miles along the line, there are thousands of miles of blockade ditches, extending to Niangziguan in Shanxi, Jingxing and Pingshan in Hebei, including Chengde, Miyun, Qian'an, Xinglong, Pingquan, Qinglong, Luanping, Zunhua, Pinggu, Jixian, Jiyuan, Youguan, Xuanhua, Laiyuan, Lingqiu, Wutai, Pingding, Yuxian, Jingxing, Pingshan, Xingtang and other dozens of counties and districts later developed to the paddock of Rehe in the north and the paddock in the west to In the Yangqu area of ​​Shanxi, how many villages were destroyed, how many people were killed, how many houses were burned, and how many properties were looted in such a huge area?It is impossible to count an exact figure.Here only the local situation is introduced as follows:

The area around Wutai Mountain and Taihang Mountain on the border between Hebei and Shanxi was one of the earliest anti-Japanese bases established by the Eighth Route Army, namely the famous Wutai Mountain base.The Japanese invaders had long tried in vain to put out the anti-Japanese fire in this area, but they all failed. In July 1941, after Okamura Ningci took office as the commander-in-chief of the North China Front Army, he gathered more than 70,000 Japanese and puppet troops and launched an unprecedented "big raid" on Beiyue District. "plan.In order to create "no man's land", first large-scale construction of "blockade ditch" and fort group.On the western line of the Shanxi-Chahar-Hebei border area, from the southwest of Laiyuan County to Niangziguan, a thousand-mile mountainous area, the Japanese army built the first "blockade ditch", and later built a second "blockade ditch" dozens of miles west of this ditch. Blockade the ditch" and classify more than a thousand villages in this area as "no man's land".Just from the south of Youquanguan in Fuping County, Hebei to the north of Shangshe, Mengxian County, Shanxi, a "no man's land" with a length of more than 200 miles and a width of 60 miles was created. Hundreds of villages were turned into ruins. Even at the foot of Mount Wutai, a famous Buddhist resort, it is difficult to see prosperous villages.On the southern line of the border area, Yu County and Jingxing counties are connected. The Japanese army also designated the area five or six miles away from the "blockade ditch" as "no man's land" on the Pingshan, Lingshou, and Xingtang lines in Hebei Province. More than 50 villages in three counties were completely burned down.

On September 29, 1941, the Jinchaji Daily, the official newspaper of the Jinchaji border region, made the following report on the Japanese army's crime of creating "no man's land": "In order to destroy our base area, the enemy bandits implemented a set of bloody methods of 'returning to Datun' adopted in Northeast China to North China again in order to strengthen their rule in the occupied areas. The pseudo-county magistrate ordered the implementation of the "village merger policy", dividing each region into two types of "no man's land" and "public security area", and implementing the "three light policy" for the "no man's land", killing all chickens and dogs without leaving them behind. The first batch of Yu and Ping counties have designated more than a hundred villages as "no man's land" and ordered all residents to move to the "safety area" on September 15, otherwise the whole village will be destroyed. My compatriots Don't you hate everything, and vow to fight the enemy to the end." "After the enemy has established strongholds on the lines of Shijie, Menyanshi, Gengzhen, Gaohongkou, Bolan, and Shangxiashe in our second division, the west of this line is designated as a 'public security zone', and the east of this line is a 'no man's land'. Attempt to burn down the villages east of the line, and force the people in the area to abandon their hometowns and go to the "safety area", just like the enemy's way of annexing villages in the northeast in the past. At present, some people in this area have been forced to gather near the enemy's stronghold. Recently, the enemy bandits, with two to three hundred people as a road, forcibly recruited peasants, plundered the autumn harvest in this area, and transported them to the "security area". in the same way."

On September 23, 1941, "Jinchaji Daily" published Comrade Xu Guang's article "In the "Japanese Military Area"" saying: On September 7, in the name of the head of the Katayama Corps, the head of the Yangquan Secret Service, the governor of Yuxian County, and the governor of Pingding County, such a notice was issued: "The security in the Japanese-administered area is to permanently protect the good people to live and work in peace. Set up uninhabited areas in the uninhabited areas, and the good people in the designated uninhabited areas must move to live in places where public order has been established. In this way, there are 17 villages in Pingding and 140 villages in Yuxian County. One, within a week of the announcement, all these villages will be destroyed, and those who do not move will be charged with gangsterism and severely punished.”

On October 23, 1941, Comrade Wu Qun wrote the article "Wutai Three Districts under the Enemy's 'Strengthening Public Security'" written by Comrade Wu Qun based on an interview in late September, saying: "When the enemy arrived in the third district, the first attack on the villagers was the 'village merger policy'. The villagers fled to the mountains and were searched and dragged out by the enemy. They used various 'soft and hard' methods to prevent them from escaping back. In this way, The enemy divided the three districts of Wutai into three districts: from Beiheishanping to Lanjiazhuang, the villagers in this area were concentrated in Shaya and the foot of Lanjiazhuang Mountain; From Yukou and above Dousi; to the south slope, the villagers are concentrated in Wangcheng."

"According to the division of the enemy's so-called 'security zone' and 'no-man's land', all 21 villages, large and small, in the east of Bailan Township in Mingchawan, Dongyuli, and Liwaihefu were all set on fire by the enemy. " "The enemy's massacres and atrocities were not only inflicted on ordinary villagers, even the old monks in the big temple of Dousi were stabbed to death by the enemy in the sorghum field behind the temple because they had no time to escape. The enemy also ordered to burn the Catholic Church in Waihe Prefecture. dropped or demolished".

On September 26, 1941, "Jinchaji Daily" reported: "The enemy stepped up the implementation of the 'no-man's land' policy in Pingding. This time, 200 enemy soldiers and 2,000 civilians were dispatched to form house demolition teams, kiln digging teams, arson teams, sabotage teams, ear cutting teams, sickle teams, grain grabbing teams, and search teams. More than 200 households in more than 30 villages were robbed and nearly 10,000 people were displaced.” On September 29, 1941, special correspondent Dai Ye published an article "The Enemy Bandit's "Sanguang Policy" and "Imura Policy"", which revealed:

"In order to implement the 'Three Lights Policy', in the fourth district, the enemy drew two lines around the consolidated area (that is, the anti-Japanese base area), from Baitapo in Pingshan to Huishe and Xidawu in the east, and along the north bank of the Hutuo River. City, Qingjing and then through Lingshou Zhule, Beizhai to Xingtang, Quyang City; west from Yuxian Huazui via Shangshe, Xiashe, Huili to Wutai Hekou, Gengzhen, Menxianshi, Shizui , the area between these two lines is called 'bandit area' or 'no-man's land', which means to prepare a piece of 'light'. Beyond these two lines and directly to the vicinity of the enemy's stronghold, it is just called '' Public security area'. In order to distinguish these two places with different fates, the enemy dug a deep ditch 2 feet wide and 1 foot 8 feet deep on this dividing line, and made a trench at the junction of the original road and the dangerous area considered by the enemy. , Set up layers of barbed wire and build a strong fortress to cut off the connection between the two parties.

"Most of these four divisions are classified as 'no man's land'. These areas are the enemy's attempt to destroy them all, so the enemy adopts the 'three alls' policy of burning, killing, and robbing these areas. "Over 20 villages from Hongzidian to Huishe along the Hutuo River in Pingshan, and more than 20 villages from Donghuangni to Guosu, have almost all been burned. The Liulin River, Xiejia River, Yingli River, Ciyu River in Lingshou, the first and second districts of Jingxing, the Koukou area of ​​Xingtang, and four to five hundred villages in the third district of Pingding also suffered the same fate. In every village the enemy has visited, people can see traces of their brutality. "In order to facilitate the rule, the enemy successively merged the small villages in Qingshiling, Pingshan Tundong, and Houjiazhuang, Jingxing District 2, into large villages, and forced the local people to burn their houses, throw away their land, and move to the enemy's village with broken furniture. Strongholds and 'security areas' went to live a life of slavery." The above reports are only part of the situation, but it can also be clearly seen how crazy and cruel the Japanese invaders under the command of Okamura Ningz implemented the "Three Alls Policy" and created "no man's land".Wherever the Japanese army went, they burned, killed, looted, and killed all the people who refused to leave their homeland, regardless of men, women, or children, as long as they were captured, they would be slaughtered.Just take Pingshan County as an example. During the great "mopping up" in 1941, 700 residents were killed and 1,000 houses were burned in the Lushan area of ​​Pingshan; 711 residents were killed and 820 houses were burned in the Donghuangni area; 200 people were killed, and more than 120 people were quilted by Guo Su and Chen Jiayuan.On September 14 of this year (July 23rd in the lunar calendar), the Japanese army massacred 1,513 innocent people in 11 villages in one day, creating the "July 23 Massacre".The Japanese army "mopping up" in the Huyugou area of ​​Wutai burned and killed 53 people in one farmyard in Shuangmiao Village, and killed 34 residents in seven natural villages in the valley, for a total of 120 people were killed in one valley.Two of them, a family of 10, were burned to death 9 people, and one person who was not burned to death was also killed by the devil with a bayonet.In a family of four, two were burned to death, one was killed, and one woman was raped and then killed. After this big "mopping up", the "Jinchaji Daily" special reporter Zhu Han went to Zhuangtou Village in the "no man's land" of Yu County for an interview. He wrote the following: Not long after the victory of the anti-"mopping up" campaign in the border area, I arrived at the so-called "no man's land" in Yuxian County. Block the way, take a closer look, it says. The Katayama Corps of the Shanxi Dispatched Army of the Imperial Japanese Army confessed: This is an uninhabited area under the control of the Japanese military. It has been completely destroyed. Anyone who dares to act here will be killed without mercy! The following is a summary of Comrade Zhu Han's communication: What exactly does this "uninhabited zone" that has been "completely destroyed" look like? After the village passed through the "imperial army" and preached the "kingly way", more than a thousand cave dwellings and houses were dug up, leaving only two feet high corners, and the streets and yards were full of broken stones, bricks, tiles, Soil: All furniture and sundries have been smashed or burned. In every yard, there are a large pile of clothes, wooden boxes, the remains of clothes, and pieces of iron pots, earthen pots, and dishes; It was filled with stones, and the rollers and stone mills were blown into pieces; all the fruit trees around the village were sawed down, and only a tree root as long as a foot was left; there were three neatly dressed corpses lying in a large yard ——One is a man, one is a woman, both are about 40 years old, and the other is a child in his 10s; the crops around the village have been robbed by the enemy, and the straw and sorghum that cannot be taken away The stalks and sticks and stalks were all burned up, and there were piles of ashes piled up in the ground, some of which were still smoking. How were the three dead bodies killed? !Residents who returned to the village told me: One day, the Japanese army captured three ordinary people in a ravine. One of them was a poor man and was hacked to death on the spot. The cave dwellings of rich people." The devils released them and asked them to go back and call the villagers to follow the "imperial army" to the "security area" to live a "peaceful life".One of them, the rich man, already knew that this was a trick of the enemy to deceive people, and he never went back to die after he came out; he explained this to the common people hiding in the mountains and told them not to go back.The villagers were not fooled by the enemy.The other rich man believed the enemy bandits and took his wife, son and daughter with him; he went back to the village to live a "peaceful life", but as soon as he returned to the village, the enemy bandits asked him to dig out the good things on the wall so that he could bring them to the "security guards". area" to use.He also dug up the old kiln that had been hidden for more than four years, and took out 2,000 yuan of Baiyang and more than 10 shi of millet.These things are right in the meaning of "imperial army", and they carried them to Taiyuan without any shame, and put them in the military warehouse of "imperial army".When the enemy bandits were about to retreat, they asked him to demolish his cave dwelling, but he actually obeyed the enemy's will.After he demolished his cave dwelling, the "imperial army" only liked his eldest daughter, took her away alone, and stabbed him, his wife and son to death with bayonets.The few corpses in the village belonged to the family of three. In the "no man's land" in northeastern Shanxi, 146 villages such as Huyugou in Wutai and Zhuangtou in Yuxian County were destroyed. In 1943, Zhang Fan, a special correspondent of the "Jinchaji Daily", went to this "no man's land" for an interview. He wrote the following report: In all the villages I visited, I didn't see a single person, and I didn't see a single animal except for crows. I saw weeds growing up to the door in the yard, the wooden wells were filled, the mill was smashed, and the streets could not be distinguished. The rooms could not be distinguished, and the villages were reduced to rubble.When we arrived at a brick village in Yu County, we heard a child crying in a dilapidated house. We went in and saw a little wolf howling. It seemed that no one had lived here for a long time. Looking at the situation in the "no man's land" in Pingshan County, the Japanese army built a blockade wall with fortresses in Pingshan County, starting from Baitapo bordering Jingxing to Xiaoqingtan bordering Lingshou. 70 miles.On the west side of the blockade line, the ditch is three or four feet wide and one or two feet deep. On the rocky hill where it is not convenient to dig a ditch, a tall and thick blockade wall is built.Within 10 miles outside this ditch wall, it is designated as "no man's land", covering an area of ​​about 700 square miles, involving Tuntou, Hexi, Dongzhuang, Dongsuzhuang, Xisuzhuang, Houjiazhuang, Chaizhuang, Lijiagou, There are more than 20 villages in Loudougang, Wurongcun, Zhufang and Fengliang River on the north bank of Hutuo River.All the houses in this "no man's land" were burned down, all the trees, big and small, were cut down, and even the tombstones in the cemetery were all knocked down and destroyed.The destruction of the village began on September 28, 1941. At dawn on that day, the Japanese army suddenly surrounded Hexi, Tuntou, Dongsuzhuang and other villages, drove all men, women and children out of the village, and then set fire to the houses. If you don’t leave, no To be shot is to be burned.Dongsu Zhuanggu Tianbao's wife was 60 years old and was bedridden with an illness. She couldn't move out in time and was burned to death in the house.Guo Wenxin and his mother in Tuntou Village were shot dead, and Dong Erqiao's father Dong Busi and her third aunt Zhang Mengjie were shot to death.More than 30 people were shot dead in the village.The Japanese army forced the common people to move to enemy-occupied areas with forts, where they were confined and deprived of food for several days.More than 100 young and middle-aged refugees were selected from the refugees who were driven to Xihuishe, and they were sent to Jingxing Coal Mine to dig coal.The people who escaped from the village had no clothes or food. In order to survive, many risked their lives to go back to the village to dig food at night. They were shot dead when they were discovered by the Japanese army.The three brothers of the Li family in Dongsu Village went back to the village to get some corn. The eldest and second were shot and killed by the enemy immediately, and only the third, Li Shoushou, escaped from death.Wang Erxiao of Hexi Village and his three sons were beaten to death by devils in the same way.More than 2,500 people were forced to move to the West Huishe. The enemy sent all the young women among them to the fortress for the enemy to humiliate, and the young people were sent to the mines as laborers. The remaining old and weak women and children were used by the enemy. Bayonet massacre.The enemy's crimes in "no man's land" are too numerous to list.Just taking Tuntou Village as an example, from 1943 to 1944, more than 100 people were shot dead by devils. It was not until the later period of the Anti-Japanese War that the "no man's land" on the border of Hebei and Shanxi was gradually recovered by the Eighth Route Army due to the successive failures of the Japanese invasion of China, and gradually restored prosperity. The Jireliao area is the gateway to the outside of the customs, and has been regarded as an important military strategy in the past dynasties. In 1936, the Japanese army successively occupied this area and designated the eastern part of the Great Wall as the southwest border of the puppet "Manchukuo". In 1938, a riot of 100,000 workers and peasants broke out in eastern Hebei. The Eighth Route Army advanced into eastern Hebei and established anti-Japanese bases in Wuling Mountain and other places.In order to extinguish the war of resistance against Japan and spread to the Northeast, in 1940, the Japanese Kwantung Army implemented Xiaojijia outside the Great Wall and ordered the trial implementation of the "Southwest Frontier Security and Rectification Policy", burning down mountain villages and forcing residents to move to Dacun Datun. Under the circumstances, the Japanese invaders failed in this experiment. In early August 1942, Okamura Ningci held a Corps meeting in Beiping and personally arranged a large-scale "mopping up" to create "no man's land" on both sides of the Great Wall. As a strategic step in the war of aggression against China, he planned to force hundreds of thousands of migrant workers. Dig blockade ditches along the edge of the eastern Jidong Mountains, and burn down all villages along the Great Wall.At the same time, the Puppet Manchukuo Kwantung Army and the North China Army fought together. Troops gathered inside and outside the Great Wall to carry out large-scale burning, killing and looting, creating "no man's land".At that time, Rehe Xinglong County alone gathered 21,500 Japanese and puppet troops, cruelly implemented the "Three Alls Policy", and thoroughly carried out the "collection of families and merging villages", which was called "Da Jijia".The Japanese army declared that 40 miles outside the Great Wall and 20 miles within 20 miles were designated as "no man's land".In fact, their "no man's land" plan is even bigger.If the local residents did not accept the order, they were shot and killed one by one.In the 700-kilometer-long "no man's land", tens of thousands of Japanese troops launched a brutal "mopping-up", large-scale "crusades", large-scale burnings, large-scale prosecutions, and rounds of "picking". About 1 million residents were forced to When entering the "tribe", the masses call it "human circle" and "encirclement".From the autumn of 1942 to the surrender of Japan on August 15, 1945, the scope of the "no man's land" had expanded to start from Suizhong in the east, Xuanhua in the west, paddocks in the north, and thousands of miles deep inside and outside the Great Wall in the south. In this vast area, the Japanese invaders carried out brutal burning, killing and looting that had never been seen in history, and thousands of villages were reduced to ruins. More than 3.82 million houses were burned, and tens of thousands of innocent people were massacred.According to the enemy's statistics, more than 15,700 houses were burned down in the mountainous areas along the Great Wall in Qian'an and Zunhua counties alone, and nearly 100,000 residents were evicted from their homes. "Nine Ditches and 18 Valleys" is the center of our anti-Japanese base area in eastern Hebei. Since it was designated as "no man's land" by the Japanese army, it has been encircled and burned seven times by the Japanese army within a few years. 810 people were killed by our anti-Japanese soldiers and civilians. In 1942, the Japanese army killed 225 soldiers and civilians during the "mopping up" that took half a month.In Qian'an County, when the Japanese and puppet troops created the "no-man's land", murder and arson were even more brutal. Only on the first day of the eleventh month of the lunar calendar in 1942, in places such as Dongximiwu, Xiaocuizhuang, Sanling, Zhicaowu, Dazhuang and Jianchang, etc. In one day, the Japanese army arrested three or four hundred people a day, rushed them to the old cow pen in Dayang Guanying, and massacred them all in batches. A total of 312 skulls were recovered in one place. On October 7, 1943, the Japanese army massacred 245 residents in 13 villages in the Changhe River Triangle in Qianxi. Among them, the head of a young woman was chopped off, and her child was still breastfeeding on her body.The Japanese invading army was proud of killing people and took pleasure in killing them. They cut off the ears of the Chinese people they killed and strung them with wire to receive rewards according to the number. Xinglong County, Rehe, was the most severely damaged by the Japanese army. In the spring of 1942, the Japanese and puppet authorities ordered the implementation of the "no man's land" plan in Xinglong County.First, a large-scale "major prosecution" was carried out in various villages in Dachuan, arresting more than 2,000 people and massacring 400 people on the spot.From April to June of the same year, the Japanese and puppets mobilized their nests and implemented Dajijia frantically, dividing 43% of the county into "no man's land", prohibiting cultivation of more than 160,000 mu of fertile land, and burning more than 2,000 villages , more than 130,000 people were driven into the 199-seat "human circle" (accounting for 81% of the county's total population).In the three years since the Japanese army created the "no man's land", a total of 15,400 people from Xinglong were massacred, and 15,000 people were arrested in a large-scale prosecution.In Qiumulin Village, which has only 80 households, 110 men were arrested at one time and taken to Nantumen Valley on Xinglong Street. The Japanese army fired with more than ten machine guns, and 109 people died on the spot!Only one person escaped at night and died at home due to serious injuries.Since then, Qiu Mulin has become a "widow village". According to the investigation report of the Jireliao Administrative Office: "The 'no man's land' stretching 700 miles from Gubeikou to Shanhaiguan covers an area of ​​42,000 square kilometers. There are no houses in more than a thousand villages, and there is no livestock. side counties) barren land of 6 million mu".According to the "Jinchaji Daily" report on January 5, 1943, "In the so-called comprehensive 'picking operations' in eastern Hebei, the enemy captured 6 million civilians within one month, and dug 'blocking trenches' 300 kilometers long, destroying There are 435,000 mu of fertile land. In order to turn the inside and outside of the Great Wall into a "no man's land", the enemy has repeatedly "picked up" 800 villages, and tens of millions of compatriots have left their hometowns and wandered in other places." On January 7, 1944, the newspaper reported: "December 1943 At the end of the month, the Japanese aggressors completed the "collection of families and villages" along the Great Wall, and moved millions of residents to the "people's circle", creating a "no man's land" 700 miles long from east to west and 200 to 300 miles wide from north to south." Zeng Renji General Li Yunchang, commander and political commissar of the Reliao Military Region, described the situation in the "no man's land" in 1946: "The 'no-man's land' created by the enemy is called the 'no-inhabitation and forbidden zone'. The enemy drives the people in these areas into the 'human circle', burns down the houses, and does not allow a single person to remain. If anyone is found, they will be killed immediately. "By 1944, on the vast lands of Redong, Renan, and Liaobei Northwest peaks, "mopping up" and anti-"mopping up", "Jijia" against "Jijia" and "Cuqing" were carried out, which were rare in history. Fierce struggle against anti-"cutting green". The "no man's land" and "Jijia" area built by the enemy bandits is 700 miles long from east to west (from Suizhong to Luanping), 250 miles wide from north to south, covering an area of ​​17,354 square miles, including Eight counties (from the Great Wall to the north of Jincheng Road), Pseudo-Rehe Province, with a population of 4 million, 1.05 million people were put into the "human circle", and a large number of people died of starvation and cold. Most of the young women were raped, and the young and middle-aged Sent to the Northeast as laborers, the enemy also carried out ideological inspections, and those who were slightly suspected of resisting Japan, or who were related to the Eighth Route Army, were shot. Young people often fled to the mountains, and the enemy often searched the mountains and went to arrest people when they saw fireworks. Therefore, many people In order to survive and join our army, they opposed the "human circle", and in some places, they opposed the establishment of the "human circle", and the enemy repaired it and we demolished it, as many as five times in a row. "In the newly established Jianping, Weichang, and Chifeng areas in the north of Rehe, the enemy bandits also practiced 'Jijia'. Our third district team was still active in the area 600 miles west of Chaoyang to Weichang. In the spring of 1944, the enemy attacked with 20,000 troops. I 'sweep' the attack, and when the enemy arrives, immediately 'collect family' and merge the villages." On May 19, 1946, "Jinchaji Daily" reported: "The 'no-man's land' of 'Jijia' has been completed. It is desolate, wild grass is tall, wild animals are running around, domestic pigs have become wild boars, and domestic chickens have become wild boars. Pheasants. The people could not survive, and there were several riots. Those who did not want to enter the 'human circle' fled to caves and lived the lives of apes." It is difficult for those who have not been there to imagine what the "tribes", "circle of people" and "security area" artificially created by the Japanese army looked like. Thousands of people were driven out of the "no-man's land" by the Japanese and puppet troops. In Jireliao, they were enclosed in the "human circle" of Tuweizi and Dacun to build "tribes"; Entering the "security area" and "guidatun", the scene is very miserable. The "Northern Culture" published in March 1946 published Comrade Ding Min's article "Human Circle", which shows that "tribes", "human circles" and "public security areas" are hell on earth.The text says: "The houses in the tribe—the so-called new 'homes' haven't been built yet. Sleeping and eating are the most important things, so let's build the kang first, but the new kang is wet, and it evaporates from time to time. White water vapor. At night, the cold wind blows, and several families are crowded together on a kang, which is as cold as being immersed in water. Because this "house" has not yet hit the walls, and the roof has not yet been built. There is no quilt, and there is nothing that can block the wind. Sometimes it rains and snows, so I have to stand upright and drenched. "Slowly tall pillars are erected, the walls are knocked up, and a layer of grass is randomly covered on the roof, it is considered a 'home'. … "The house is packed like a pigeon coop, so messy, so dirty, people are crowded together with pigs and chickens, because there is no yard, no open space; there is feces and garbage everywhere, and it is a disgusting stench. There are bedbugs on the kang, There are lice on the body, and the bloodstains of these little creatures on the wall. - Here, it is not people who prosper, but germs; this is not a home for people, but a home for diseases, plagues and death. - This is the 'circle of people'. " Let's look at how people living in Northeast Shanxi who moved to the "safety area" live? In December 1941, Shi Tian, ​​the captain of the enemy brigade stationed in Yu County, convened the people to announce: "First, wheat noodles are military supplies, and the common people are not allowed to own them. If they store wheat noodles weighing 3 catties, the whole family will be shot; Except, the rest are all collected in Yuxian County, and the collection is completed within one week." The people in the "human circle" are naked, eat bran and swallow vegetables, and suffer from hunger and cold."Rationing" is implemented in daily life.Farmers put their grain into "dap" (big warehouses), receive grain on schedule, and do not allow them to store grain at home.The annual cloth matching for each person is no more than 3 feet. Farming and feeding livestock in the "human circle" is also not free.They were not allowed to farm more than 10 miles away. The gates were only opened at dawn and closed before dark. Those who returned late would be punished and beaten.Take Renan's "Human Circle" as an example. The food they harvested is not enough to pay taxes. For example, the accommodation donation is 80 yuan per household per year, the military supply donation is 7 yuan per person per season, and the aircraft donation is 7 yuan per person. Five blunts, 5 yuan for each, 17 yuan per mu of land once a year, and additional donations, etc., totaling at least 80 catties of grain per mu of land throughout the year, while the land outside the Great Wall only produces 50 catties.The enemy forced cotton to be planted on flat land, and opium to be grown on dry land, and the harvested cotton and opium soil were all purchased at official prices and handed over to the public.The palace price is similar to snatching. For example, the market price of cotton in Rehe is more than 10 yuan per catty, while the official price is only 30 cents.In Ciyingzi Village, Fengning County, Rehe, each person discounts 100 yuan, and draws one-tenth of the donation. 100 sheep draw 30 for the "combination", and each sheep is only given 20 to 30 yuan. You have to register, and the police check on a regular basis. If you lose weight, you will be fined, and if you die, you will be reimbursed. Otherwise, you will be asked to live at the end of the year. The enemy bandits tried every means to plunder the property of the residents of the "people's circle" and "security area".In Hengling Village, Wutai County, a Japanese translator beat people for no reason. In the end, he had to give him 500 yuan in Baiyang.In Geng Town, Wutai, once, the enemy's secret service had a big banquet for a rich man, and each invited person had to spend 400 to 600 yuan in Baiyang.Sometimes, enemy bandits openly blackmailed and extorted.There was a rich man from Wanhetang in Gaohongkou, Wutai, who was robbed of 12 suitcases, which were full of gold bars and treasures. In 1944, the Border Region Peasants’ Association sent people to investigate the “return to Datun” in Northeast Shanxi, and stated in their report: There are 40 households in Qianping Village, District 1, Wutai, including 120 men, women, old and children, 32 middle-aged laborers, 16 semi-labourers (young and strong women), and a total of 40 laborers.Under the circumstances and conditions of timely wind and rain and labor farming, each person can harvest an average of 320 catties of coarse grains per year.Since it was occupied by the "no man's land" created by the Japanese aggressors, during the four-month period from January to April 1944: Withdrawal (12 items) 1837.97 yuan (Silver Ocean): 148.42 yuan for the first time (four items); 818.86 yuan for the second time (three items); 483.54 yuan for the third time (two items); and 280 yuan for black money , and paid 107.65 yuan for entertainment and flower girls. The "circle of people" and the "security area" are simply hell on earth, and the "Lord of the Underworld" will come to the door at any time.Not only do farmers have no freedom in farming, but they are also strictly prohibited from visiting relatives, visiting villages, and doing small business.The gate is guarded day and night by sentries, and a large number of "crusade teams" and "pseudo-policemen" have blocked the "guidatun" and "circle" layer by layer.In Ciyingzi Village, Fengning County, there are only 269 households, and there are 76 "crusade teams" stationed there. In Liancun, there are more than 30 police guards.All young and middle-aged men must be incorporated into the "self-defense regiment". They cannot sleep during inspections, and they have to work as civilians during the day, which is called "hard work and dedication to the public".Each team member has to spend 15 to 20 days a month "working hard for the public service", either repairing trenches, building fortresses, repairing automobile roads, or repairing train tracks in farther places, either working hard in nearby counties, or entering Working in coal mines.This service is endless, until death. In the "circle of people" and "area of ​​law and order", the enemy conducts brutal rule by military police and secret agents.The secret service organization is like the king of Hades, which stipulates that there are criminal provisions such as "thought criminals" and "political prisoners". Anyone who shows a little resistance or sees someone who is not pleasing to the eye will be shot to death for a certain crime.In Rehe's "people's circle", ordinary people were often shot to death on charges of "state crimes" such as "communicating with bandits", "relief bandits", and "nest bandits".In the past three years, the enemy has launched three "big prosecutions". In the autumn of 1943, 70 to 80 people were killed in Kuancheng in one day; 80 people were arrested in Licun and 15 were killed; 6 people were killed in Pengcun; and 50 or 60 people were arrested in Shanzuizi.An elementary school teacher turned pale when he talked about it: "No one can afford the lawsuit of a state criminal. If you catch him, you will have two skins." In addition to "state criminals", there are also strange "economic criminals" and "secret export criminals".When spies and policemen see someone wearing a new dress, they will ask: "Where did your new clothes come from? Where did the cloth come from?"When I saw someone eating some meat, I asked, "Where did this meat come from? Who slaughtered the pig?"And those who buy and sell cloth and slaughter pigs privately are called "economic criminals."In addition, food from this "human circle" is not allowed to be transported to another "human circle", and of course it is not allowed to enter or leave the "border". Once found, it will become a "secret exporter". People were either convicted and shot, or starved to death. "Jinchaji Daily" reported on the living conditions in the "security district" in Northeast Shanxi, saying: What the common people ate were black oat noodles burned by the enemy, yam eggs frozen in the ground, rhubarb (a kind of herb), wild grass seeds, wild vegetables, bitter vegetables, etc.After eating these things, I can't have a bowel movement, and after a while, I get sick.As a result, 80-90% of the masses are sick, and the mortality rate is very high because of lack of clothing and medicine.There were 320 people in one village in Majiazhuang, and 120 people died in one month, the death rate was three-eighths. In 1943, more than 60% of the people in Huyugou in Wutai fell ill, and 30% of women suffered from flower and willow disease due to rape and gang rape by the enemy. In 1945, relief personnel sent by the Border Region Government to Rehe investigated in Sihai Village, Zhifengcha and other places in Luanping County, and found that the local people could only eat two meals of corn porridge a day. There were 64 households in Sihai Village with 370 people, and 20 There is no cotton-padded clothes in the twelfth lunar month, and 150 people still wear single clothes in the twelfth lunar month.There are 130 people in 24 households of Zhifeng Tea. Half of them have no clothes, some only wear a rag. Most of the women and children are naked.At night, because there is no bedding, people burn the kang very hot. People who sleep on it are cold on the top and hot on the bottom, so they have to turn up and down. The masses call it "turning pancakes".Seventeen or eighteen-year-old girls had no clothes or quilts to cover themselves, so they had to cover themselves with sacks on the kang night and day. How could it not be chilling to witness this scene! Is "No Man's Land" really uninhabited?No!No cruel rule can conquer the descendants of the Chinese nation. The "no-man's land" area in Northeast Shanxi was the first place liberated by the Eighth Route Army's advance into the enemy's rear. The soldiers and civilians have established a bond of flesh and blood, and they will not succumb to any violence. Dai Ye, a special correspondent of "Jinchaji Daily", went to the "no man's land" in Yuxian County in the winter of 1941 to investigate. Wherever he went, he saw the people in the "no man's land" still working tenaciously under extremely difficult conditions. anti-Japanese struggle. On December 23, he wrote the article "People in "No Man's Land".The text says: "At the beginning, I was a little confused when faced with these phenomena. However, when I turned a corner of the mountain, a voice suddenly came: 'Comrade, do you have the road?'! It turned out that a little girl asked me. I saw two A lively and petite figure holding a red-tasseled spear in his hand. Then, a group of people surrounded them behind them. After a while, I was surrounded by a den halfway up the hillside, which was the new residence of the village chief. “这个不到20家的小村，敌人前后来过六次（即这年秋季大扫荡），屡次烧杀抢掠，使村子变成了荒芜废墟，以后，敌人即用武力威胁群众转向'治安区'去享受'幸福'，然而群众都懂得：这是一种无耻的欺骗。因此，在被抓走的晚间，群众又成群结队地跑了回来，甚至连病得不能行动的病人，也一拐一蹓地爬了回来。” 晋东北“无人区”涌现出了很多宁死不屈的英雄，他们不仅坚决不走，而且拿起武器与敌人进行殊死的斗争。“盂县有一个红岩寺梁，敌人在布告上无耻宣传这里居民己成'无居民地带'，但是事实上，这里居民还同过去一样的生活和战斗。对日本人说来，这里是'无顺民地带'。当红岩寺梁还在漆黑夜雾的时候，敌人窜回据点，而山坳里的洞口上，仍然燃起了鲜红的野火，倔强的人们用半块铁锅烧着晚餐，准备夜间参加抢秋的战斗。他们从敌人手里夺回毛驴、牛羊和粮食。在何家庄，他们夺到三箱手榴弹和夺回两头马驴。” 在无房屋住和缺衣少食的五台“无人区”里，人民群众工作和战斗的条件更加艰苦，但他们仍然毫不畏惧，奋勇向敌人展开游击战，涌现了许多惊天动地的抗日英雄。五台狐峪口人民英雄祁六，他率领民兵围困逼退这一带许多敌人据点，被人民选为晋察冀边区战斗英雄。王怀同志是狐峪口的，他领导合作社，解决了“无人区”群众的生活问题，成绩卓著，被选为合作英雄。 最残酷、最困难、牺牲也是最大的，是冀热辽长城内外“无人区”的人民。经过八路军的帮助，他们不但誓死不离开自己的土地，而且纷纷组织了村政委员会，过起抗战的集体生活。这里的人民，有句发于肺腑的口号：“宁喂山沟狼，不作人圈狗”。敌人烧了房子，他们又盖起来，有的地方（如热河兴隆驹儿叫村）烧与盖的斗争反复达18次之多。他们始终坚持艰苦的抗战，有的老者临死还嘱咐孩子们：“无论如何不进人圈，八路军一定有办法”于是青年们都变成了民兵，妇女们也拿起枪来战斗。为了坚持下去，八路军和人民政府把一些老弱妇孺送往冀东遵化北部及渤海边，留下青壮年坚持“无人区”的抗战，他们的事迹可以惊天地泣鬼神。 热河兴隆县“无人区”200多个自然村26000多人，展开了不屈不挠的斗争。驴儿叫村的共产党员冯胜、窦永胜、房子和、张振久，他们不怕苦不伯死，与敌人进行忘我搏斗。张振久全家12口人，被日军屠杀8口，为了报仇，他多次给区小队作向导，袭击日军据点，俘获日军40多名。1943年8月，朱家沟民兵李秀峰、扬长起、王玉祥三人埋伏在悬崖峭壁上一个隐蔽的山洞里，阻击日军100余人，子弹打光了，用石头砸，石头砸光了，将攀上洞的日军用脚踹下去，打死日军18人，打死警察数人。次日，在日军攀上洞口时，洞中空无一人，三民兵已经凯旋攀登山崖而去。后来，在民兵英模大会上，奖励朱家沟民兵中队一面锦旗、两支大枪。从此，朱家沟这一山洞成了“英雄洞”。 “无人区”人民的英雄事迹是很多的，永远为人民所敬仰。