Chapter 41 Chapter 40 The massacre of Okamura Ningz troops in Guilin (1944.10.28-11.16)
General Okamura Ningz, commander-in-chief of the "China Dispatch Army" of the Japanese invaders, published a "Memoir" after the war, saying that he had always instructed the Japanese troops to "abstain from burning, prostitution, and killing" during the war of aggression against China. "Yes, he was not directly responsible for the many massacres by the Japanese army in China, because those troops were not under his command.Therefore, the "Nanjing Tribunal for Trial of War Criminals" formed by the Chiang Kai-shek government released him back to China because of his innocence against the Kuomintang government.Not to mention the large-scale massacres committed by the troops under his command when he was the commander-in-chief of the North China Dispatch Army and the commander of the 11th Army. It was only at the end of 1944 when the Japanese invading army was close to extinction that it was Ning Okamura. The Gui (Lin) Liu (zhou) campaign launched by the 6th Front Army under the direct command of Ci. During the half month before and after the capture of Guilin, his troops caused several massacres in Guilin, massacring more than 1,300 wounded, sick and innocent residents. People, facts cannot be denied.It is hereby revealed as follows:
In August 1944, the Japanese base camp ordered the establishment of a new 6th Front Army, with General Nintz Okamura serving as the commander. After the Japanese army occupied Hengyang on August 8, they crossed the Huangsha River and entered Guangxi in early September. In the Battle of Guiliu in October, Okamura Ningci used the 11th Army Corps of the "South China Dispatch Army" as the main force to attack Guilin and Liuzhou. He led 12 divisions with a total of more than 100,000 troops to rush towards Guilin. Occupied the outer strongholds of Guilin at the end of October, and launched a full-line attack on Guilin from November 1. On November 11, all Japanese troops occupied Guilin. The first to invade Guilin was the 58th Division. For the general.
The Kuomintang troops stationed in Guilin, due to the command of Chiang Kai-shek, defended Guilin with only two divisions of less than 20,000 troops. Persist in street fighting and engage in bloody hand-to-hand combat.In the end, because there was no backup, the 391 regiment, which was guarding the east coast position, was compressed into Qixingyan. Except for some personnel who broke through, most of the rest were wounded, sick and logistics personnel.
Qixingyan is located on the east bank of the Lijiang River in Guilin, on the belly of Putuo Mountain, Maoer Mountain, Pingfeng Mountain, Huangyingyan, Xingzi Mountain, Chuanshan, and Crescent Mountain on the east, south and north sides. Ten, the belly of the cave is deep, circuitous and wide, with a length of one kilometer. There is a water source inside, and the stalactites and stalagmites in the rock are dazzling. It is a famous tourist attraction at home and abroad.
The regiment used this natural cave as a field hospital, ammunition depot, and fodder depot, and stationed logistics personnel. The command post of the 391st regiment was originally located in the octagonal building outside the cave. Due to the loss of the forward positions one after another, the command post was threatened by fierce enemy artillery fire. Under the circumstances, they moved into Yannei on November 7 (Gan Er in the ninth month of the lunar calendar).
According to Qin Yiwen, the head of the 391 regiment who broke out from Qixingyan, recalled: "At dawn on November 7, the enemy concentrated its overwhelmingly superior forces. Cooperating with aircraft and dense artillery fire, they attacked our Jiangdong across the board... It was the time when the command post of the regiment had to be transferred. Inside Qixingyan, the wounded soldiers were carried into the rock one after another. The surviving soldiers and those with weapons in the rock also sent cadres to organize and block the four rock entrances. In the middle, the people were very crowded and chaotic, including the wounded and sick, logistics personnel, non-combatants, and some officers and soldiers who retreated in. It is estimated that there were no less than a thousand people in total.... On the 10th (September 25th in the lunar calendar) At the time of Zichou, I was reclining on an army bed and wondering, when the lieutenant and adjutant Ning Dexing came to me and said, "Report to the regiment commander! The deputy regiment commander, Tuan Fu and Zeng Lieutenant all broke through and left. I see the regiment commander." You can go now.'...So I decided to break out, and immediately summoned the remaining officers and assistants to give the instructions to break out. I personally led a platoon of more than 10 special agents, and equipped with a pistol. After looking outside Yankou, it was dark and dark. The enemy's crooked light machine gun, from the opposite Crescent Moon Mountain and the left side, fired at the Yankou road at regular intervals. Sparks shot all over the stone road. I judged that the enemy was blind Shooting and blocking the rock mouth, I took the lead in grouping and leaping forward, taking advantage of the gap between the gunshots, jumping over the fire blockade area, and after a few twists and turns, I passed the barbed wire and found the road leading to Dawei. The number of inspectors was only Huang Aer and Li Ya Four, Nong Xiuguang and the other three are just me..."
Ning Dexing, a lieutenant and adjutant of the 391 regiment, recalled: "This morning (November 7), the head of the regiment ordered the deputy head to go to Qixingyan to set up a command post to form a communication network. He still stayed in the original command post temporarily. At dusk, the head of the regiment will fight and For the relocation of the command post, report to the commander by radio, and enter Qixing Dayan together with us... The people living in Yanli are hospitals, medical teams, wounded soldiers, transport companies and other non-combatants, and only a few combat troops are deployed at each exit On November 9th (September 24th in the lunar calendar), the enemy began to release poisonous gas bombs, and the cave gradually filled with poisonous gas. Last night, the enemy bombarded Qianyan with burning bombs, and the house inside was on fire. The wind blows the smoke into the rock , the rock was full of smoke, and it was almost impossible to breathe... At dusk, the anti-virus platoon issued a gas alarm near the front rock, and many brothers were poisoned and passed out. There was a great commotion in the cave, and many brothers rushed towards the back rock , the order was very chaotic, and because we were relatively ventilated in Houyan, we did not feel the poisonous gas at that time." "What should we do? Are these thousands of lives poisoned to death with blind eyes?" The head of the regiment opened his mouth after a long silence and said, "Let's make up our minds to break through! We would rather go outside and fight the enemy to our death. We shouldn't give them here." Suffocate to death with poisonous gas." He immediately summoned the chief officials of all ministries and gave orders to break out of the siege face to face.It was more than one o'clock in the night, under the bleak moonlight, Lao Zeng and I rushed out of Qixinghouyan with the head of the regiment, braved the hail of bullets, and rushed towards Yueya Mountain, but we were in harmony with the crowd at the entrance of the rock. The head of the regiment lost contact, and there were already enemies on Crescent Mountain, so we had to rush towards Daxu.
Qin Zewen recalled: "The containment began on November 11. After passing through the Daxu, a total of more than 10 people broke out from Guilin along the way, and some of them broke out from the city of Guilin...then they arrived at Xingping, Yangshuo County that night. Xingping is a small fair located on the north bank of the Lijiang River. The Japanese devils have not yet been there, and there are many people, including many refugees evacuated from Guilin. The officers and soldiers who broke out from Guilin gathered here no less than 200 people." Tan Zewen and Ningde The two articles written by the two stars recorded the fact that the Japanese army used poison gas to carry out massacres in Qixingyan with personal experience.
After the restoration of Guilin in 1945, it was found that the corpses in Qixingyan were in a mess. In mid-October of that year, the police station sent people to collect them and carried out 823 corpses. On March 29, 1946, at the stadium, presided over by Mayor Su Xinmin, Chen Jihuan (Lieutenant General Chief of Staff of the City Defense Command), Kan Weiyong (Major General Commander of the 131st Division), Lu Zhanmeng (Major General Chief of Staff of the 31st Army) and other three who died defending the city At the same time, the general held a public sacrifice meeting for people from all walks of life.The tombs of the three generals were also relocated to the right side of the tombs of the 800 strong men at the same time.There is a masonry monument and memorial pavilion (named Jizhong Pavilion) in front of the tomb.And on the hibiscus stone at the east end of Huaqiao, there is an inscription of the monument to the fallen soldiers of the Anti-Japanese War.Later, due to years of disrepair and the destruction of ten years of turmoil, the stele collapsed and the pavilion collapsed. In 1982, the people's government re-allocated funds to restore the tomb and pavilion on the original site.Every year on Ching Ming Festival, the CPPCC, the United Front Work Department of the Municipal Party Committee, the Civil Revolution, some government agencies and the family members of the three generals all go to visit the grave.On weekdays, students from primary and secondary schools also go to pay their respects and carry out patriotic education.
On October 28, 1944 (September 12 in the lunar calendar), the Japanese invaders first occupied the Zhemu area in the eastern suburbs of the city.That night, more than 400 farmers from Wangjia Village and neighboring villages hid in the yellow mudstone of Yueshan in the east of the village in order to avoid being killed by the Japanese army. On the evening of the 29th (September 13th in the lunar calendar), the Japanese army broke into Wangjia Village and carried out burning, killing and looting.Seeing that the villagers could not be caught, they set fire to the village and pretended to withdraw.At this time, some young people hiding in the rock were eager to fight the fire and ventured down the mountain.After the Japanese army discovered that someone was hiding in this cave, they immediately blocked the Dongkou and surrounded it.Two Japanese soldiers chased to the entrance of the cave and raped two young women who ran back into the cave, but when they came out of the cave, one Japanese soldier stumbled and fell to his death.After hearing the news, the Japanese army at the foot of the mountain swarmed up in order to retaliate, setting fire to the rice cages stored by the farmers at the entrance of the cave, and blowing thick smoke into the rock.
The next day, the Japanese army saw that there were still people escaping from the rock, so they snatched a large amount of dried chilies from the wood, wrapped them in clothes and set fire to the gas bottle and smoked them again. As a result, all the villagers who had taken refuge in the rock were smoked to death.
According to the statistics of Wangjia Village this time, 142 people escaped into the rock, and 137 people died tragically, most of them were women, children and the elderly.As a result, 7 families were completely closed, and most of the people in the village were destroyed. At that time, there were about 30 households in the village, and none of them was not harmed. The situation was extremely miserable.Victims in neighboring villages are not counted).
Due to the numerous bones in the yellow mudstone, the local people renamed it "Bone Cave" in 1962.
Located in the southwestern suburbs of Guilin, about 20 miles away from the urban area, there is a small village of more than 10 peasant households called Mabujiang Village.After Japan surrendered, here was a piece of bare walls with broken walls, no curling smoke could be seen, and it was a desolate place on the verge of disappearing from the map.
On November 7, 1944 (Gan 2 in the ninth month of the lunar calendar), the Japanese army came to the mountain about one Huali northeast of the Mabu River to search the mountain for the first time. The Japanese army found that the grass on the road leading to the entrance of Yanyan Cave was leveled, and it was judged that the inside of the rock was Someone was hiding and yelled outside the cave for a while, but the Mabujiang villagers who were hiding in the cave did not dare to speak out. About half an hour later, the Japanese army left. At noon on the 9th (September 24th in the lunar calendar), several Japanese soldiers came to Yanyan again and entered the outer cave on the first floor. A 12-year-old boy and three 5-year-old girls climbed out of the inner hole. The 12-year-old boy walked in the front. When he came out of the hole, he saw a few Japanese devils. up".Immediately caught by the Japanese army, Yang Zhai's wife heard the call, and immediately withdrew into the inner cave with another woman and a little girl.Because entering the inner cave is a narrow and long tunnel, only one meter high, people have to crawl on their bodies, and there is no light in the cave. The Japanese army did not dare to enter the cave rashly. They only took the captured little boy away. On the 6th of the month of Gansu), the Japanese army came to Yanyan for the third time, and without shouting, they placed the supplies (clothes, furniture, rice, comfrey, 8 pigs, and more than 10 cows) that the farmers had placed in the outer cave. Pile up the materials that can be burned, sprinkle dried chilies, and set fire to it. It was the beginning of winter, the north wind was blowing, the flames were soaring into the sky, and the fireworks were poured into the inner hole. Seven days and seven nights.Only a few people rushed out wrapped in quilts when the fire was slightly weaker.In this tragedy, a total of 111 villagers were smoked to death, including 94 people from Mabujiang. There were more than 10 households in the village, and 9 households were smoked to death. The Yangshuibao family had 19 people, and none survived; There are 11 people in 4 households in Dong's family, 5 people in 1 household in Dazhai, and 1 person in Xizhentou Village.
On November 11 (the 26th day of the ninth month in the lunar calendar), Mrs. Yangzhai happened to leave the cave with her two daughters under 5 years old. When the Japanese army came, they hid behind the pile of rocks on the mountain and survived.
Yang Zhengshui and Yang Liusan's wife did not enter the cave that day due to an accident, and they also survived.More than a month later, Yang Zhengshui and others went into the cave and found that there were dead bodies everywhere in the cave. There were piles of dead bodies in the east and west. Some people covered their heads with quilts or covered their nostrils with turbans. It was horrible.
Since the vast majority of the victims have become extinct, and the corpses have not been buried, they have decayed for a long time and turned into piles of bones. In order to let future generations remember the crimes of the Japanese invaders, the masses also renamed Yanyan "Bone Cave". .
The author is from the village, and among the victims were relatives of the author. Mao Runmei, the eldest daughter of the author’s fourth uncle, married to Mabujiang Village. She was the wife of Yang Shuibao’s eldest son, Yang Yongwang. Mao Zhengmei, the second daughter of the fourth uncle, married In the mansion, her family of five also hid in Yanyan with Rungu and suffered disaster.
Wutang Village, Yanshan Town, a suburb of Guilin City (formerly Lingui County), includes three natural villages, Tongshang, Muqiao, and Mutou. It is about 30 kilometers away from the urban area. There is a Daji Mountain one kilometer west of the village, and there is a rock on the mountain. It was originally named Daji In order to commemorate the blood and tears of 208 old and young women who were hidden in the rock by the Japanese invaders with poisonous smoke, the village was renamed Xueleiyan.
On the stone wall at the entrance of the rock, there are inscriptions written by visitors: "Visiting the Blood and Tears Rock, blood and tears poured into my heart, the blood and tears of the past, never forget." "Keep in mind the Blood and Tears"...etc.20 meters outside the Yankou, there is a tomb of Linmu Liu's family. On the tombstone is inscribed: "...unfortunately died by the Japanese invaders... on the first day of October in the 33rd year of the Republic of China (November 16, 1944), Filial male Zhenfa, filial nephew Zhentian, Zhenwu, Zhenjiu, Zhenxiong, Zhenli, Zhenbiao, and Zhenlong." This is the author's record in the "Guilin City Yearbook": "Japanese invaders searched mountains... Lingui Wutangdong Village Mountain Rock, two to three hundred people were killed” historical data, on May 26, 1987, I personally went to the field to conduct an investigation, and interviewed the current situation I saw.
According to the statement of Lin Zhenfa, a farmer in Tongshang Village who escaped from death in Yannei, "On October 30, 1944 (the fourteenth day of the ninth month in the lunar calendar), the Kuomintang army retreated from Yanshan Mountain. On that day, the village organized more than 300 old and young women and children to hide in the cave. , because the cave is narrow, it is stipulated that men over the age of 16 and under the age of 60 are not allowed to enter the cave, and they are scattered and hidden on the stone mountain. In addition, dozens of old and young women and children in the neighboring villages of Muqiao, Mushutou and Chajiang also hid in this cave. Food and clothing are placed at the entrance of the cave. In order to keep the air fresh in the Dong, they cook and eat in the smoke shed on the back of the mountain outside the cave if there is no situation. Searched the village for looting, found no one in the village, walked out of the village, found smoke from the smoke shed on the back of Daji Mountain, and rushed to search the mountain, went around the back of the mountain and found the entrance of the cave. At that time, the entrance of the cave was built with a stone wall and a wooden door. Outside the stone wall yelled at the villagers to come out. The villagers closed the wooden doors tightly and retreated into the cave. They should not ignore it. The Japanese army was angry and broke through the wooden door to enter the Dongkou. The interior was dark and dark, and the Japanese invaders did not dare to go deep, so they piled up the cages, clothes, and tobacco leaves that the farmers had stored at the entrance of the cave, poured kerosene on it, set it on fire, and smoked the people in the cave. The young man on the mountain saw the raging fire at the entrance of the cave. , There was black smoke coming out of the back cave, but they dared not go down the mountain. They didn’t come back to rescue them until after the Japanese invaders left in the afternoon. It was already dusk, and everyone hurriedly put out the remaining fire, and carried out dozens of fainted people into the cave. I woke up and died seriously. At that time, I was only 14 years old. I was tired and crawled in the corner of the cave entrance. I was not noticed by the Japanese invaders. Extinguish the fire. At this time, some people also climbed out of the rock with big smoke. The tragedy happened vividly. This tragedy killed 168 people in Dongshang Village, and 48 refugees from other neighboring villages and Hunan. 208 people."
In this investigation, the author also interviewed Lin Qifa (who was over a year old at the time) who was rescued from the rock and is now the branch secretary of the village. According to him, Lin Qingxiang and Lin Zhengfa were also rescued at the same time Fa's wife Lin Zhengsao and others.He also said that there is Xiaoji Mountain opposite Daji Mountain, and there is also a small cave in Xiaoji Mountain. Dozens of people in Mojia Village hid in the cave, and many people were also smoked to death by the Japanese army that day.
About 6 kilometers westward from the famous Reed Flute Cave in Guilin, there is Jutian Village (belonging to Dingjiang Township, Lingchuan County). There are two large and small caves in the stone mountain behind the village. There is an orange tree outside the rock, also known as Orange Rock.When the Japanese army invaded Guizhou, about 300 people from Jutian Village and nearby villagers hid in Dayan, food, clothing and furniture were hidden in Xiaoyan, and only a few people were sent to guard them. In mid-November 1944 (late September in the lunar calendar), Yanyan in Mabujiang Village was captured On the second day of Xun, Xiaoyan was discovered by the Japanese devils who came to search the mountain. He immediately arrested a person at the entrance of the cave and took him to the resident of Shimin Soil Factory (now Changhai Machine Factory) for interrogation. He only said that he was hiding in Xiaoyan, but did not mention the situation of hiding people in Dayan. The next day, the Japanese devils escorted him to the mouth of Xiaoyan and forced him to call the folks in the rock to come out. The rock is narrow and winding, and it is difficult to enter. He estimated The Japanese army did not dare to enter the rock, and the bullets could not be fired into the rock. They used local dialects to imply that the Japanese devils were coming and not to come out.So no one came out, so the Japanese devils set fire to Yankou's clothes, furniture, rice paddies, and smoked 14 people to death, including 8 from Jutian Village, 2 from Zhengjia Village, 1 from Taitang Village, and 2 from Jujiao Village. people, 1 person from Tianxin Village.Burn all food and clothing.More than 300 people who hid in Dayan survived.
According to the "Overview List of Cultural Relics in Lingua County" records:
There are many stone mountains and rocks in Guilin. When the Japanese invaded Guilin, most of the people hid in caves. The Japanese invaders had to go out to search the mountains and rocks to find people and food. He was killed by poisonous smoke.For example, on November 24 (the ninth day of October in the lunar calendar), a Japanese army that invaded Guangxi was stationed in Li Zongren’s Dazhuang courtyard in Ketou Village, Liangjiang Township, Lingui County. 8 people were killed by knives and guns, and 17 people were killed by pyrotechnics.
Another example is that there is a cave near Yaoshan and Panjia Village in the eastern suburbs of Guilin.There are people hiding, although they have not been found by the Japanese invaders, but 200 meters outside the rock, one person was arrested by the Japanese invaders, along with 20 to 30 other arrested people, a few cattle, and they were driven by the Japanese invaders to sweep mines and explore the road , to attack our army.There are many similar cases.
Notes:
Notes: