Chapter 2 Chapter 1 Fushun Pingdingshan Massacre (1932.9.15-16)
The Japanese imperialists launched a war of aggression against Northeast my country on September 18, 1931, known as the "September 18th Incident".Since the Japanese invaders set foot on our country, they have carried out brutal and bloody massacres against the Chinese people. On September 16, 1932, the Fushun Pingdingshan Massacre, which shocked China and the world, is an example of the massacre of compatriots in Northeast China by the Japanese army.
Pingdingshan is located in the southern suburb of Fushun City, Liaoning Province, east of the West Open-pit Coal Mine, about 4 kilometers away from the urban area.This place was originally a small dirt hill, but due to the extension of the west open-pit mine to the east, this wasteland was used.The Japanese and puppet authorities allowed the miners to build simple houses to live here, and gradually formed a village.At first everyone called the new village unnamed, but later some old people said that this place was originally a small earth mountain, which was gradually dug up, so everyone called this bunker Pingdingshan, and Pingdingshan got its name from this.There are more than 400 families and more than 3,500 people living in this fort. Most of them are miners. There are also watch shops, pawn shops, grocery stores and other restaurants. It is a relatively lively place.
The "September 18th" incident, the Japanese army's brutal invasion of China and the Kuomintang's non-resistance policy angered the patriotic compatriots in the Northeast. They took up arms and formed the Anti-Japanese Volunteer Army, known as the Northeast Anti-Japanese Coalition Army. On September 15, 1932, that is, the night of the Mid-Autumn Festival in the lunar calendar, a Liaodong People’s Anti-Japanese Self-Defense Army (Middle Road Self-Defense Army) passed by Pingdingshan Village, attacked the Japanese invaders Yangbaibao charcoal mining site, and executed the Japanese Yangbaibao coal mine. Kanichi Watanabe, director of the Charcoal Institute, destroyed the mining machinery used by the Japanese invaders to plunder the underground treasures of Fushun, dealing a heavy blow to the Japanese colonists.The Japanese troops stationed in Fushun were in a state of desperation and exerted their power. In order to suppress the anti-Japanese struggle of the Chinese people, the Fushun Japanese Garrison formulated a massacre plan to bloodbath Pingdingshan Village.
In the early morning of the next day (16th), the Japanese gendarmerie detachment captain Ogawa Ichiro and the Japanese garrison squadron leader Kawakami led a large group of Japanese devils to secretly attack Pingdingshan Village.Around 11:00 a.m. that day, nearly 200 heavily armed Japanese gendarmerie and garrison surrounded Pingdingshan Village.They first deceived the masses in the name of taking pictures, and then forced them to use bayonets to drive more than 3,000 innocent residents from more than 400 households in Pingdingshan Village to a lawn at the southern end of Pingdingshan.At the same time, arson set fire to the houses of the entire village.Amid the raging fire and thick smoke, people saw their homes being engulfed by the fire, and felt that a bigger disaster was about to come, so they rushed out of the encirclement desperately.Suddenly, the black cloth that originally covered the six machine guns was lifted, and the executioners began to shoot wildly at the people, and rifles also shot from all directions.Under the rain of bullets, the old and weak women and children who were unarmed fell to their deaths one after another. In an instant, flesh and blood flew everywhere, and blood flowed like rivers.I don't know who shouted loudly: "Folks, we can't wait to die, run!" The angry crowd tried to break out of the encirclement again.However, there are iron barbed poles on the north side, two or three feet high cliffs on the west side, machine guns on the south side, and Japanese soldiers shooting with guns on the east side.In an instant, rows of people fell down, the cries of the old and the weak, women and children, and the screams and curses of the injured, joined together, and the entire Pingdingshan was submerged in the crazy burning.Under the butcher's knife of the Japanese devils, the blood of more than 3,000 unarmed compatriots flowed into a river, and the entire slaughterhouse became a sea of blood.
After the gunfire stopped, the ghost soldiers heard that there was no movement in the killing field, and thought that the crowd was all dead, so they rushed into the car and prepared to drive away. When the last car just started, they suddenly found that there were still low groans in the pile of dead people. So, the Japanese devils drove into the slaughterhouse again and carried out the second massacre.The devils with bayonets stabbed deeply in the abdomen regardless of the dead or alive on the ground.One beast soldier took pleasure in killing people, and stabbed women's genitals fiercely, picking out all the intestines, while others picked out the bellies of pregnant women, picking out unborn babies in the womb, and threw them into the air.What is especially cruel is that some children call their fathers and mothers, crawling around looking for their dead parents. The Japanese devils walked over and said "haha... little red beard, crawl there!" Throw it back....In this way, the massacre did not end until the evening, which lasted for more than three hours.
Early the next morning, the Japanese and puppet traitors hired a group of people to hook all the corpses of their compatriots to the bottom of the cliff with fire hooks and pile them up with the dead. After that, explosives were used to blow up the cliff and bury the unburned bones to cover up their heinous crimes.
This is the truth about the Pingdingshan tragedy created by the Japanese invaders that shocked China and the world.Of the more than 3,000 people killed in this tragedy, two-thirds were women and children. More than 400 families were almost wiped out, more than 800 houses were burned down, and only 20 to 30 people in Pingdingshan narrowly escaped death.
Comrade Fang Surong, who worked in the Fushun Open-pit Coal Mine after the liberation of the whole country, was one of the survivors of the Pingdingshan tragedy.At that time, Fang Surong was only a 7-year-old girl.How on earth did she escape?Listen to her indictment to the interviewer:
One night, the barracks of the Japanese army stationed in Fushun was attacked, and the Japanese officers became furious.When they learned that the volunteer army who attacked the Japanese army had lived in Pingdingshan Village in the suburbs and made preparations for the attack here, the Japanese garrison captain in Fushun was furious: "The bandits lived there, why didn't they report it? The villagers must be Those who are in the bandits, kill them all!" He gave the order to massacre the whole village.The Japanese gendarmerie and garrison devised a cunning plan to prevent the villagers from escaping:
"All gather in the square and take a picture of you!"
The Japanese devil soldiers surrounded the entire village, and the military police searched from house to house.People had just finished their lunch when they suddenly saw armed gendarmes breaking into their homes. They were terrified. Some tried to escape and were beaten to death on the spot.
Fang Surong's father jumped out of the window and wanted to rush out, but the devils surrounded the house and was shot to death within a few steps.Her mother lay on top of her father who was in a pool of blood and wept bitterly.For the safety of his grandson and granddaughter, the grandfather led Fang Surong with his left hand and her younger brother with his right hand, and ran outside to follow the villagers. When the mother saw that the grandfather was leaving, she had no choice but to follow out with the newly born baby.
The whole village, men, women and children cried and shouted!Men and women, old and young, walked towards the square.The square has been tightly surrounded by Japanese soldiers with bayonets, and it seems that not even an ant can crawl out.In the center of the square stood something that looked like a camera covered with a black cloth, and people came and sat down in the encirclement one by one.
The savage shouting and cursing in the village could no longer be heard, and the whole village gathered in the square.Following the captain's command, the black cloth covering the "camera" was removed, revealing a black machine gun.Everyone said "Ahhh" in unison!By the time everyone realized that they had been fooled, the bullets from the machine guns had been pouring on the unarmed common people, spewing out a string of tongues of flame.People uttered tragic cries and fell under a rain of bullets.
Fang Surong's mother stood facing the machine gun with her newborn baby in her arms.Both she and the baby were pierced through the chest by merciless bullets and fell down.The grandfather pulled his grandson, and the granddaughter was hit when he was looking back, and fell beside the granddaughter with a thud.The bullet hit Grandpa in the abdomen, but Grandpa struggled to climb onto Fang Surong and pressed her under his stomach.Grandpa's blood flowed on Fang Surong's face and hands.Many bullets passed through Grandpa's body and wounded Fang Surong in 7 places, fortunately they were all scratches.Fang Surong's young heart was so terrifying, but she endured the pain, passed out, and lay there.
Amidst the deafening sound of machine guns, thousands of lives almost all died within a short period of time.The square became quiet and became a sea of blood.After a while, painful groans sounded in the square.The Japanese army commander gave another order, and the devil soldiers stabbed the corpses one by one with their bayonet-mounted rifles.Wherever the leather shoes of the Japanese soldiers went, there was another scream of "Ah!"In order to preserve their surviving lives, the people who pretended to be dead there couldn't help screaming at the moment they were stabbed. This was the last voice of the innocent residents left in the world.
The three-year-old brother who had been hugging his grandfather's thigh was so frightened when he saw the Japanese soldiers that he cried "Wow...".The ghost soldier who ran up stabbed his younger brother in the head with a bayonet, and threw him out of Fang Surong's face.Fang Surong said:
"Bright red blood and tofu brain-like bloody brain juice spewed from my brother's head. This tragic scene is still vivid in my mind today."
Soon the footsteps of the Japanese soldiers disappeared, and only a slight moan was heard.After nightfall, everything is silent.Fang Surong, who woke up, cried all night under his grandfather's cold stomach.
The next morning, she crawled out from under Grandpa's belly and went down the hill.In order to avoid the Japanese devils, she embarked on a remote path.She walked forward step by step, feeling extremely sad and painful, and cried again.Weeping and walking, I don't know how many miles I walked. At about 10 o'clock in the morning, I met an uncle driving a carriage.When he saw Fang Surong covered in blood, he immediately knew that she had escaped from Pingdingshan, and immediately hid her under the hay in the carriage and brought her home.
From then on, Fang Surong began to live a lonely life.The uncle applied medicine to his wound, and asked her grandfather's name kindly, and then said, "Is it Mr. Fang's granddaughter? Then don't be afraid, your uncle lives not far from here."
That night, Fang Surong was sent to his uncle's house.But my uncle was a very poor tenant farmer without a single child.If a child is added suddenly, for fear of being suspected by the Manchukuo staff, report to the Japanese devils.Therefore, my uncle hid Fang Surong in the sorghum field during the day and carried it home at night.If someone happened to come to the house, she would hide her in the storage room, and she would not even dare to say a word. A 7-year-old child lived such a miserable life for three years.Fang Surong's uncle's family gave birth to a child, and she made her public appearance as a hired babysitter.
Another survivor is Ren Chengyu, please see her "indictment" written in 1964 after the liberation of the whole country:
My name is Ren Chengyu, and I am 64 years old. It has been more than 30 years since the Pingdingshan tragedy. My family lived in Pingdingshan Village back then. There were 6 people in my family, including a child with his father, 3 sons and 1 daughter.The child's father is sick at home, and the eldest son works as a "child" in a watchtower in Japan and listens to the phone to maintain the family's life.
After the "September 18th" incident, the Japanese devils invaded and occupied the three northeastern provinces, committed all kinds of crimes, suppressed the Chinese people everywhere, and aroused the Chinese people's continuous anti-Japanese struggle.On the night of the 15th day of the eighth month in the lunar calendar, the Fushun anti-Japanese organization Daohui went straight to the Japanese residence in Yong'antai. After passing by Pingdingshan Village, they killed the devil on duty, burned the devil's store and watchtower, and vented their anger on everyone. But the devils were upset and said: "All Pingdingshan people have beards!" The next day, the inhumane devils drove a car, armed with guns, and carried out a bloody massacre of more than 3,000 people in Pingdingshan.
My family lived in the south of the village at the time. On the 16th day of the eighth month in the lunar calendar, my eldest son went to the north of the village. He saw the devils chasing people from house to house. No inside, no outside.My eldest son saw it and hurried home to deliver the letter.I thought about moving if I want to move, the little devil can do anything, so running for my life is the most important thing at this moment.I hurriedly packed up the things in front of me, without even mentioning my shoes, hugged my three-month-old son, led the child, and the family went out, until I was driven to stop in front of the milk house under Xishangen.As soon as we left the village, the house in the fort was set on fire by the devils.
I just stopped to catch my breath, and I was lifting my shoes. I looked at a woman in her 30s. Because her little feet were walking slowly, the devils hit her hard with the butt of a gun. I looked east and saw the Japanese invaders. The garrison held guns and forced the crowd to stand side by side in a row, surrounding them all.At this time, people had a bad feeling that the devil was going to kill them. The cries of children and the shouts of adults in the crowd became one piece, and they couldn't get out even if they wanted to run!At that time, my parents-in-law lived in Daguantun. When they heard that there was an accident in Pingdingshan on the night of August 15th, they brought their grandson and granddaughter to see us the next day; they also did not escape the unfortunate disaster.
Everyone sat together in a group, waiting for this impending disaster.After a while, the surrounding machine guns swept towards the crowd, and the people fell down one by one.As soon as the gun was fired, we lay down on the ground. At that time, my eldest son was under my body, and my second son was not far from me. Their heads were facing east. My wife and my daughter were facing south. I was holding my three-month-old son. I was lying on my stomach with my head facing north, not daring to move. After the gun was fired, I opened my eyes and saw that because there were too many people, one was crushing the other. No one in my family was injured except my thigh was scratched by the gun.At this time, the child's father opened his eyes and looked through the gap and said: "This devil is so cruel, he killed someone." The youngest son in my arms cried out frightened and hungry, and the second son said to me: "Mom, you Give him milk." I said, "What are you eating? The devil has killed someone." Just as I was talking, the devil came over and stabbed my wife to death with a bayonet, and then stabbed my elder son with a bayonet, but he didn't move. , The devil looked at it and said: Coolie, another bayonet goes down, my eldest son chokes twice and he will die.These inhuman animal behaviors, even three-month-old children, will not be spared. They took the bayonet from my elder son and picked it off on my younger son with a thump, picked it up, and said in their mouths: "Child !” Throwing him up the mountain, blood flowed all over my face and body, the devil thought I was dead, so he kicked me hard to let him go.When it was my daughter's turn, the devil probably got tired of stabbing her. He thought my daughter was dead, so he touched her back with the handle of the gun and rested for a while. If you can't say a word, you don't know anything.In this way, the devil stabbed back and forth twice in more than an hour, and even more people died. The devil did not leave until the afternoon.
After the devil left, my daughter and second son got up and yelled at me: "Mom, let's go!" I agreed, but because my feet didn't work, I struggled to get up, and when I looked south, there were a lot of people dead. , The dead body is shaking its feet.At this time, those who had broken legs and broken arms and survived were all struggling to escape.There was an old man surnamed Mao, the couple, a boy over 10 years old, his lower body could not move after being stabbed, and he was so thirsty, he said to his mother: "Mom, get me some water to drink." His wrist was stabbed by a knife, he endured the pain, and forced himself to go back and bring a pot of water for his son to drink.There are more than 20 wounded people drinking this pot of water!The old Maotou was dead, and the old Maotai was injured again. She couldn't carry her son on her back and stayed with her until dawn. When she saw that her son would not survive, she was afraid that the devil would come again, so she had to run away with tears in her eyes.
I stood up and walked forward stepping through layers of corpses. I saw someone climbing up the hill, and I also climbed up the hillside. In my panic, I walked away with my second son, and I haven't found it until now.After escaping, I lived in my sister's house, cooking for others every day, washing clothes and doing work to make ends meet. I didn't live a happy life until the whole country was liberated.
The tragic history will never be forgotten by people.
After liberation, the party and the people built a monument in 1951 in memory of more than 3,000 Pingdingshan compatriots shot dead by Japanese imperialism. In 1971, the Fushun Municipal Committee of the Communist Party of China decided to build the "Ossuary of the Martyrs in Pingdingshan" and rebuild the "Monument to the Martyrs in Pingdingshan." On September 16, 1972, the 40th anniversary of the Pingdingshan massacre, the museum was officially completed.In front of the ossuary, 137 broad stone steps were built along the cliff of Pingdingshan.Going up the stone steps, the mountain is full of green and flowers are blooming.A tall monument stands on an open mesa.The body of the stele is made of white granite, inlaid with black marble inscriptions.The monument is 19.32 meters high, symbolizing the mourning of Fushun people for their compatriots who died in Pingdingshan in 1932. On March 5, 1973, it was officially exhibited to the public.Over the past ten years, it has received more than 3.09 million domestic and foreign audiences.According to the statistics since 1977, there are 7,181 people from 12 countries including Japan, Britain, France, and the United States, as well as compatriots from Hong Kong, Macao, and Taiwan.Most of the foreign audiences are Japanese. One of the Japanese friendly delegations said after the visit: "For those of us who have not experienced war, visiting the ossuary and seeing how cruel the war of aggression is, we We must work hard for peace, and we cannot allow such incidents to happen again." A well-known Japanese person left a poem after visiting:
There are many bones, covering the ground.
The mother holds the baby, and the strong supports the old man.
Don't forget the people of the country, the debts of the past.
Learn from past mistakes to avoid future ones, and encourage friendship.
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