Chapter 10 3. Xi Jian and Wang Dao

When Xi Jian was in the north, he was commissioned by King Yue of the East China Sea; later, he was commissioned by King Rui of Langya.Although his relationship with Donghai Wang Yue and Langxie Wang Rui is not deep, it has a direct impact on his southward journey.Xi Jian crossed the river and lived up to his old friendship. In addition to being loyal to Emperor Yuan and Emperor Ming, he also made a deep friendship with the descendants of the former leader Jiang Tong and tried his best to support him.Xi Jian Xianda, appointed Jiang Tong Zixuan as Sikong, and asked him to be Sima; Xitong's second son, Dun, became Yanzhou Zhizhong, and appointed Taiwei.Jiang Xi also recommended Xi Jianzimin together with Sima Yu, king of Kuaiji, who was in charge of the government.Xi Jian also tried to make contact with the powerful and powerful families who were in the central position.

Xi Jiannan came to the Jiankang court quickly as a refugee commander, mainly thanks to Ji Zhan. "Book of Jin" Volume 68 "Ji Zhan Biography": "Shi Xijian was based on Zou Shan, and was repeatedly invaded by Shi Le and others. Zhan Yijian has the talents of generals and ministers. He is afraid that the court will abandon him, so he asks for it, saying: :'... Fushimi's former generals all learned from Shaoli's high-calibre exercises, his body is clear and grand, his civil and military skills are good at the time. In the past, he and Dai Ruosi co-founded and pushed the wasteland. The place is lonely and there is no brigade. Rescue did not arrive. However, he was able to collect the remnants. According to the history of the adventure, he made the bandits dare not invade the south. But the number of scholars is too few to make any contribution. Not only is he a famous state, but he is also a Changbo. Out of the inner king's order, he must be able to fulfill the rules of resisting Zhizhi and make up for the vacancies of Yan's posts. Since the previous dynasty, all the assignments have been in proportion. Dai Ruosi took Shangshu as the governor of the six states and the general who conquered the west, and he was added as a regular attendant; Liu To the north of Kui Town, and to the east of Chenzhen Town. When looking at the years, they are the same as Ruosi; when looking at capital, there are eight seats. Kuang Jianya looks clean and heavy, a generation of famous utensils. The holy dynasties and even the public come to the world, only peace is peace.' Ji Zhan strongly recommended Xi Jian to "make up for the vacancy in the post", and his political intention was to hope that Xi Jian would stand on the side of Emperor Jin and Yuan and resist Wang Dun when Wang Dun's rebellion was imminent.At that time, Dai Yuan was stationed in Hefei as the governor of six prefectures, and Liu Kui, who was stationed in Huaiyin, was also relied on by the Jin and Yuan emperors.In the second year, Dai Yuan entered Wei Jiankang under the imperial edict from Hefei, and the army led by him collapsed at the first touch, and Dai Yuan was also killed by Wang Dun.Then, Xi Jian enlisted to come from the south of Yishan Mountain, and the troops he led were stationed in Hefei, where Dai Yuan had just evacuated, filling the vacancy left by Dai Yuan.These should be directly related to Ji Zhan's recommendation.Although Xi Jian has some hope, it is impossible for him to become an official and Jiankang as a refugee commander without powerful people citing him.

There is still something worth analyzing about Xi Jian's involvement in Jiankang affairs alone.Hefei was an important military site at that time, and it was a corner with Jiankang, so it was not suitable for a refugee commander to settle there.Xi Jian first paid homage to the leading general at the beginning of Yongchang.Therefore, as soon as Xi Jian arrived in Jiankang, he would turn to worship Shangshu, and Xi Jian would not understand the inside story, so he "did not worship because of illness".When Wang Dun was forced, Emperor Ming really had the request to use Xi Jian's power as foreign aid, so he gave Xi Jian the false festival town of Hefei, and Xi Jian had the opportunity to return to Hefei, the residence of the refugees under his command.However, Wang Dun was unwilling to accept this fact that was not good for him, and the above table took Xi Jian's return to Jiankang as the Minister's Order.From this point of view, Xi Jiannan was able to join the upper group of the Eastern Jin Dynasty after he came. Although he was recommended by a broker, after all, there was still a tortuous process that was vaguely visible.The key point is that from the point of view of the court, Xi Jian can be used by himself, but he is a refugee commander after all, so he must be treated with caution and precautions; The imperial court offered aid, but he could not break away from the Yanzhou refugee group who followed him to the south, otherwise he would lose his capital and achieve nothing.

Ji Zhan is the crown of Nanshi. He has contributed a lot to Sima Rui, king of Langya, to establish a foothold in Jiankang and inherit the throne.In order to deal with Wang Dun's rebellion, the imperial court took Ji Zhan as the leading general.He has the highest prestige in the Sixth Army of the Suwei, and the Sixth Army respects him only.According to the "Jin Living Notes" quoted in Volume 64 of "Beitang Shuchao", the Jin Dynasty system: "Leading the army has no direct work, and you can take care of your illness." Taking advantage of its prestige and allowing it to be idle.Wang Dun forced the capital again, and Emperor Ming invited him to "protect the Sixth Army".However, Xi Jianshi was ordered by the governor to follow the army, and the Sixth Army of the Suwei should be among the troops, except that Ying Zhan, the guard, and Yu Liang, the left guard, were known to be in front of the enemy.However, the Sixth Army was weak and weak, and what really played a role was the refugee commander who was recruited by Xi Jian's conspiracy.Ji Zhan's recommendation to Xi Jian had an immediate effect.

When Xi Jiannan came, Wang Dun rebelled again, and the political situation was very delicate.It turned out that Wang Dunchu's rebellion entered Jiankang under the tacit agreement of the ruling king. Its direct purpose was the side of the Qing emperor. "Book of Jin" Volume 98 "Wang Dun Biography" contains Wang Dao's legacy Wang Hanshu, which says, "In the past, the courtiers were in chaos, and people were restless, just like Dao's stream, thinking about foreign aid." accomplice.According to "Zhou Wei Biography" Volume 69 of "Book of Jin", Wang Dunchu rebelled into Beijing, killed Zhou Wei and Dai Yuan, and consulted with Wang Dao.Wang Dao later said: "Although I didn't kill Boren (Zhou Wei), Boren died by me. In the dark, I owe this good friend!" In fact, not only Zhou Wei but also Dai Yuan were killed by Wang Dao.Later, Wang Dun rebelled again, and it was Director Wang who sued Wang Han about the military situation in Taichung.In the posthumous documents of the guide above, one said that "De Zhengbei (Wang Sui, Wang Dao's younger brother) sued, Liu Xia, Tao Zhan, Su Jun, etc. were deeply worried and did not seek the same speech"; Sixth Army, Shitou 15,000 people, 20,000 people in the back garden of the palace, and 6,000 people in the guard (Ying Zhan) stationed in Jincheng. Liu Xia has arrived, and 15,000 people have been rescued in the north yesterday." Wang Dun, Wang Dao, who was Wang Hantong's joint joint, was the governor and false festival ordered by Emperor Ming to conquer Wang Dun and Wang Han.This is where the delicate situation was when Wang Dun rebelled again.The Sixth Army commanded by Wang Dao was immediately the Sixth Army of the Suwei that Ji Zhan "lyed and guarded". It can be seen that Wang Dao still has some kind of power that can affect the situation in the capital.And part of the six armies led by Wang was exactly what Emperor Ming wanted to place under Xi Jian's military governor.It can be seen that there is also a subtle relationship between Xi Jian and Wang Dao.

In fact, Xi Jian was able to come from the south of Yishan Mountain, and Director Wang played a role in it.According to "Ji Zhan Biography", we know that Ji Zhan added at the end of Jian Xi Jianshu: "It is because the minister sleeps in the back alley, thinks about everything he hears and sees, but only opens the holy heart, and the minister guides him, hoping to have a few cents and ten thousandths." One." That is to say, all matters related to the arrival of Xijian's tribe from the south and Zheng Xijian's entry into the court still need the approval of Director Wang, otherwise they will not be accepted by the court.

The delicate relationship and the acute situation required Xi Jian, who had just come to the south, to determine his political attitude, especially towards the Wang family of Langya. Judging from Xi Jian's later behavior, his political attitude is first of all to support the Eastern Jin Dynasty, and he does not agree with Wang Dun's heartless heart.When Xijian entered the court from Hefei, Wang Dun detained him in Gushu, and discussed the figures of Yue Guang and Man Fen in China and North Korea.Xi Jianli said that when Prince Minhuai of the Zhong Dynasty was abolished and Zhao Wanglun usurped the establishment, Le Guang was in danger and the dynasty was unattainable and close, soft and upright; Man Fen was a man of integrity, so he should not be mentioned in the same breath as Le Guang.This is tantamount to expressing to Wang Dun that he does not want the party to be the same as Wang Dun.Secondly, Xijian did not have the same party as Dai Yuan's generation to be an enemy of the Wang family of Langya, and would rather fight among the various sects of the gentry in order to stabilize the political situation.Later, he insisted on resigning from the title of General Wei, which reflected his humble retreat position that he did not want to override the gentry.Since Dujian disagrees with one side, it is inevitable that there will be conflicts with this and that among the gentry in the current axis.After Wang Dun's rebellion, this contradiction was once very acute on the issue of whether Zhou Zha should be given as a posthumous gift.

The Yixing Zhou family is well-known as "the hero of Jiangdong".Wang Dun was the first to rebel, and Zhou Zha, the governor of Shitou's army, opened the door to answer Dun, defeating the Jin army.Out of suspicion, Wang Dun exterminated the Zhou family.Wang Dun Shiping, the old officials of the Zhou family sued the Zhou family for injustice, please add a gift, which aroused fierce debate in the court, and his opinions can be found in the "Book of Jin" Volume 5 and 8 Zhou Zha, Volume 6 and 7 Xi Jian Zhuan.Bian Hu used Zha to open the door and extend the enemy, so it is not suitable to pursue a posthumous posthumous title.Wang Dao believes that "cutting open stones, keeping the country loyally, and forgetting life" is the same as Qiao Wang Wuji, Zhou Wei, Dai Yuan and other ministers who died.Obviously, Director Wang is protecting Wang Dun.

They all judged the same Bian Hu, but confronted Wang Dao tit for tat.He said: "If Dun's actions are the same as Huan and Wen's, then the first emperor can be quiet and fierce!" Due to the weight of Wang's family, the imperial court followed the guidance, but Bian and Xi's proposals could not.This sharp debate shows that the relationship between Xi Jian and Wang Dao was not harmonious at that time, although this was not the key to the political situation at that time. The political situation of the Eastern Jin Dynasty changed after Emperor Cheng ascended the throne (the third year of Taining, 325).Emperor Cheng Chongyou, Wang Dao, Bian Hu, Xi Jian, Yu Liang and other seven people were assisted by the Ming Emperor's edict.Then, Empress Yu (Yu Liangmei, Empress Dowager of Emperor Cheng) came to the court and became the ruler. Yu Liang was the emperor's uncle, and her status rose rapidly.Immediately, there was an open and secret struggle between Yu Liang and Wang Dao in the court, which became the main contradiction in the political situation.Dujian is in the middle of this contradiction, and strives to restrain the development of the contradiction and play a role in stabilizing the current situation.

The Yu and Wang families had many common interests in the early days of Emperor Yuan and Emperor Ming, and the conflicts were not obvious at first.After the Yuan Emperor crossed the river and before he took the throne, he used Shen and Han to express his imperial power. "Book of Jin" Volume 49 "Biography of Ruan Fu": Fu "Crossing the river, Emperor Yuan thought Anton joined the army....The emperor used Shen and Han to save the world, but Fu's disciples could not abandon it." In the case, Emperor Yuan was General Anton , from July of the first year of Yongjia to May of the fifth year (307-311).According to the "Yuan Emperor Ji", at that time "Wang Dun, Wang Dao, Zhou Wei, and Diao Xie were all in the heart", so "Yongshen and Han" were not specifically aimed at the Langya Wang family. "Book of Jin" Volume 73 "Biography of Yu Liang": "At that time (Yuan) the emperor was in charge of criminal law, and "Han Zi" was given to the crown prince. Liang remonstrated that Shen and Han were mean and hurtful, and it was not enough to keep the sacred heart. The prince was very grateful. "At that time, at the time of Jianwu and Taixing, the Wang family was sitting in the throne, and the Yu family had this remonstrance, which shows that there is still peace between Wang and Yu.Later, Wang Dun wanted to call himself a soldier, and he was deeply jealous of Yu Liang and respected him. Yu Liang was worried about resigning from office, so he returned to participate in the quelling of chaos.Even so, there is no special conflict between Yu Liang and Director Wang.

Emperor Ming experienced the violent shock of the Wang Dun Rebellion, and became more wary of the Wang family, and his intention to be close to Yu Liang and Shu Wang Dao became more and more obvious. Volume 593 of "Taiping Yulan" quotes "Yu Lin": "Emperor Ming issued an imperial edict to Yu Gong, and the letter was mistakenly sent to the prince. The king made an edict, and Mo Yun said: 'Don't make Yecheng known'. The guide sees, expresses The answer said: "Fu read the Ming Zhao, it seems that the minister is not here, the minister opens and the minister closes, and there is no one who sees it." Emperor Ming is very ashamed, and he cannot see the prince for several days." Case Pei Qi wrote "Yu Lin", and it was only when Emperor Ming was written. In the past forty years, the anecdotes contained in it are so credible.Even if the plot is contrary, it should be regarded as a reflection of people's perception of the relationship between Wang and Yu at that time.Emperor Ming reigned as an adult, "conspiracy and arbitrariness" ("Ming Emperor Ji"), although he favored Yu but did not indulge Yu, there was no political climate for open rivalry between Yu and the king. When he became emperor, the mother and the queen called Zhi, and the Yu family took the throne, so the situation was different. "Book of Jin" Volume 73 "Biography of Yu Liang" Shi Chen said: "The tooth ruler hangs down the training, and the emperor's thoughts are deeper than the negative light." ".Case file one and three quote Yin Yun's "Novel": "Zhu Yu punished the king of Nandun, and the emperor asked, 'Where is Nandun? "Uncle Yan is a thief, what should I say?" Empress Yu hit the emperor's head with a tooth ruler and said, "Why do you speak like me?" But don't say that the tooth ruler starts.Nandun Wangzong was killed in October of the first year of Xianhe (326), when Emperor Chengshi was six years old.Although Empress Yu died in March of the third year, the brothers of the Yu family had already grown their wings and held power. Apart from suppressing the clan, they mainly aimed at the complicated Wang Dao.Therefore, after Emperor Cheng came to the throne, the conflict between Yu and Wang was immediately made public. Among the seven people who received the imperial edict to govern the government, Bian Hu heard it directly with loyalty, and joined Yu Liang in the provincial government to participate in the secret.Bian Hu was the first to rise up to restrain Wang Dao, who used Situ Lu as the official secretary. "Book of Jin" Volume 70 "Bianhu Biography" says: "[Ming] Emperor collapsed, Emperor Cheng ascended the throne, and the officials entered the seal. Situ Wang Dao said that the disease did not come. The pot is serious and said in the court: 'The prince is not the minister of the country. ? The big line is at the funeral, and the heir emperor has not yet been established. It would be better when the ministers resigned from illness?' The guide heard that it was caused by public illness." "Bianhu Biography" also says: "It was the time when the king said that he was ill and did not go to court, so he privately sent his chariots and riders to the generals to learn from him. The pot played to guide the loss of the law for selfishness, and there is no minister's festival; Yushi Zhongcheng Zhong Ya A Nao Wang Dian, There is no standard, and please remove the official. Although it is impossible to do things, the court will be revived." Bian Hu made the king prisoner for his crimes, which is a step further than the censure of "a minister of the country" cited above.Case "Beitang Shuchao" Volume 59 quotes "Jinzhong Xingshu": "Bianhu is the minister's decree, and the king's guide is disrespectful to the officials." "Beginners" Volume 11, "Taiping Yulan" Volume 201 Citing "Jinzhong Xingshu", "officials have no respect" are all referred to as "full-time no respect". "Disrespect" is the so-called "disrespect" in Jin Law. "Book of Jin" Volume 30 "Criminal Law Records" Zhang Fei's commentary on the law said: "Lacking etiquette and abandoning festivals is called disrespect."Bian Hu privately sent Xi Jianshi to play the role of saying that he was ill and did not go to the court, and Wang Dao said that he "benefits the law for selfishness, and has no minister's festival", and the Jin law regards "losing etiquette and abolishing festivals" as the discipline of "disrespect" and "disrespect". Just right, the crime can be dismissed from office. Bian Hu blamed Wang Dao for two crimes. There is no clear evidence in history whether this matter has anything to do with Xia Liang.However, when the contradictions between Yu and Wang arose, Bian Hu's performance was undoubtedly beneficial to Yu Liang.It is worth noting that, after being criticized by Bian Hu last time, Director Wang still ignored the suspicion and sent Xi Jian to Xuzhou privately, which gave Bian Hu another excuse.This is enough to prove that since Yu Liang used his affairs, the two families Wang Dao and Xi Jian have begun to have a close relationship, and this close relationship is of course aimed at the Yu family's monopoly.If the Langya Wang family wanted to maintain their family power after the Wangdun Rebellion, they had to seek support from powerful courtiers.The continuation of the Langya Wang clan's political existence was a necessary condition for restraining the Yu clan's domineering and stabilizing the political situation in the Eastern Jin Dynasty.Xi Jian supports Wang Dao, and Wang Dao connects with Xi Jian. This is the background. Mutual support between families, marriage and eunuch is an important way.Eunuch refers to the support of official career, such as the king's guide as Situ during the Ming Dynasty, and Xi Tan, the son of Xi Jian.Marriage refers to mutual marriage to consolidate each other, such as the two generations of the Wang family marrying the daughter of the Xi family. "Shi Shuo Xin Yu Ya Liang": "Xi Taifu was in Jingkou, and sent his disciples and Wang Chengxiang to ask for a son-in-law. The prime minister said to Xi, 'Xin Jun can choose at will in the East Chamber.'" Xi Jian chose Wang Dao's nephew Wang Xizhi to marry his daughter With Yan.The Xi and Wang families had good relations, so when the Xi family sought a son-in-law, they first selected the Wang family of Langya, and then visited and sought him within the scope of this family.That is to say, marriage is to seek family first, and then choose a person.Xi and Wang Tong's family had a very close relationship with their children. "Xi Xi Biography" cherishes Linhai, "with my brother-in-law Wang Xizhi and Gao Shi Xu Xun (inquiry), I have the style of passing through the world, and I live in the valley of the heart, and I practice the art of Huang Lao."There is Xi Tan, the prime minister of Wang Xizhi's Orchid Pavilion, and the poet who composes poems. See volume three and three of Feng Weina's "Shi Ji" for his poems.Wang Xizhi's "Miscellaneous Posts", there are many letters with Xi's letter, please refer to "Fashu Yaolu".There are many relics of Wang Xizhi's calligraphy in Xitan's tomb, see "Chen Shu Biography of Shixing Wang Bomao". The marriage between Xi and Wang because of their similar political interests occurred under certain conditions during the reign of Emperor Cheng.Times have changed, and although the relationship between concubine-in-law still exists, the families have gradually become estranged, and even rifts have emerged. "Shi Shuo Xin Yu Xian Yuan": "Wang Youjun Mrs. Xi called her second younger brother Sikong (愔) and Zhonglang (Tan) and said: "The Wang family saw Er Xie (Xie An, Xie Wan), dumped the basket and dumped it, and saw your generation Come on, Pingpinger. You can come back without any trouble.'" At this time, the Xie family in Chenjun was thriving day by day, so Mrs. Xi said this.Even so, Xi Tannv still married Wang Xi's son to offer him. "Shi Shuo Xin Yu · Virtue": "Wang Zijing (the word offered) is dying, and the Taoist chapter should be the first to go over it, asking what are the similarities and differences in the origin of Zijing. Divorce.'" Annotation quoted from "Wang's Genealogy": "Xianzhi married Gaoping Xitan girl, named Daomao, and later divorced." The Wang family's "ancestral position taboo" written by Wang's marriage proposal to Xi's family is very detailed.Xianzhi got divorced after marriage, and also Shang Jianwen Emperor's daughter, Princess Yuyao.The Wang family abandoned the old and pursued the new, and climbed up to support the imperial family, which was morally damaged and could not escape internal blame.This may be the reason why Wang Xianzhi passed the first chapter when he was dying.However, these are all things that happened decades after the death of Wang Dao and Xi Jian, and have nothing to do with Wang Dao and Xi Jian. Su Jun's rebellion once again caused drastic changes in the political situation of the Eastern Jin Dynasty.It turned out that Yu Liang, who was in power, insisted on going his own way and insisted on recruiting the refugee commander Su Jun (then was the prefect of Liyang) who had made great contributions to Ping Wangdun, but was rejected by Su Jun, causing turmoil.After the chaos was brought to an end, the Qiuxu in the capital of the capital was full of discussions.In order to calm down the public opinion, Yu Liang had to take a step back temporarily and asked the outside town for self-efficacy.In March of the fourth year of Xianhe (329), Yu Liang left the town of Wuhu as the governor of Yuzhou, and the central government came into the hands of Wang Xun.Wang Daoxiu was incomplete and worked hard to manage.He denied Wen Qiao's request to move the capital to Yuzhang, and the three Wu heroes' request to move the capital to Ji, which improved the difficult situation of exhaustion of funds and reserves, and the political situation stabilized again.In the winter of the sixth year of Xianhe, steaming sacrifices to the Taimiao Temple, the imperial edict returned to Wang Dao, and ordered the Dao not to worship, and Wang Dao's reputation reached its peak.But at this time, the brothers inside and outside the Wang's sub-office were almost dead, and the power of the Wang's family was far from enough to support Wang Dao's power, not to mention that Yu Liang, who had a special status, was close at the elbow.However, Wang Dao was finally able to overcome the difficulties and took control of the political power, which made the Wang family's status last for a long time.The reason for this, apart from Wang Dao's own "benevolent place to rise and fall", is mainly because Xi Jian was stationed in Jingkou and supported Wang Dao with military strength.Xi Jian's measures made it possible for the political situation of the Eastern Jin Dynasty to maintain a superficial calm during the 12 years of stalemate between Yu and Wang after Yu Liang came out of the town. , which is quite positive. In the second month after Yu Liang came to Wuhu, the governor of Jiangzhou, Wen Qiao, died.Wen Qiao originally belonged to Liu Kun in the north. He was ordered by Liu Kun to come to the south to persuade him to advance, and he also pre-empted the rebellion in Wangdun. He was a hero of the Eastern Jin Dynasty.After Wang Dunping, Wen Qiao lived in Jiangzhou.Wen Qiao did not have the influence of the family like Wang and Yu, nor did he have the military strength of Tao Kan in Jingzhou upstream.Wen Qiao died, and the imperial court made Liu Yin the successor of Jiangzhou.Liu Yin was the envoy sent to Jiankang by Shao Xu, the leader of the northern exiles who was listed in the Encouragement Table, and he had no one to rely on among the powerful families in Jiangzuo.Liu Yin is Jiangzhou, out of the meaning of Wen Qiao.Liu Yin is similar to Wen Qiao in terms of background, experience, and relationship with the Eastern Jin regime.He was recommended by Wen Qiao and replaced Wen Qiao as Jiangzhou. Yu Li, Jiangzhou should still be a buffer between the upstream and downstream forces.However, Liu Yin "has no sympathy for political affairs, a large amount of wealth, and millions of merchants...Business travels follow the road, using private affairs to abolish public affairs", which was exempted by Yousi.At that time, Guo Mo, the later general, should be the general of the right army. "Book of Jin" Volume 63 "Guo Mo's Biography" said that Mo "dangfa, and asked for capital from Yin. When Yin was dismissed from office, he was not implicated."Director Wang seemed to intend to take advantage of this situation to control Jiangzhou in his own hands and weaken Fangzhen upstream, so he immediately acknowledged this fait accompli and made Guo Mo the governor of Jiangzhou.Tao Kan of Jingzhou took the lead in attacking Guo Mo and killed him. Tao Kan was then able to occupy the land of Jingjiang and Jingjiang, which disrupted the balance.It was in May of the fifth year of Xianhe (330). Guo Mo's incident was sudden. At first glance, it seemed that the generals were fighting, and it had nothing to do with the overall situation.However, after searching for historical facts, it is found that there are some problems that deserve attention.Guo Mo was originally the master of a dock in the north, and he came to the south alone. After Liu Xia died, he was able to lead the part of Xia's music, and he had made great contributions to the peace of Su Jun.In terms of experience and strength, Guo Mo is also a handsome refugee, so after Su Jun's chaos, Guo Mo also has the question of where to go. "Guo Mo Biography": "Conscripted to be the general of the right army. Mo Le is the frontier general, and he does not want to stay in the guard. When he went to call, he called Pingnan general Liu Yin and said: 'I can control the Hu but not use it. The right army is the master of the forbidden army. , If the battlefield is in danger, and they are sent out to fight, they will be rationed. The generals have no skills, no trust, and if they face the enemy with this, they are rarely invincible...'".It is expected that Guo Mo would be suspected of being a refugee commander; the imperial court enlisted him as a assistant, in fact, he wanted to seize his soldiers, which was the same as Su Jun's situation back then. From Guo Mo's incident, we can see the following problems: First, Guo Mo's incident is the aftermath of the refugee handsome issue.Second, Guo Mo's incident happened in Jiangzhou, which is a buffer between upstream and downstream.Wen Qiao, Liu Yin, and Guo Mo, who successively lived in Jiangzhou, have similarities in terms of their identities and historical backgrounds.Guo Mo caused troubles in Jiangzhou, intending to take advantage of the conflicts between the upper and lower reaches and between the Yu and Wang clans in the lower reaches in order to profit.As a result, Jiangzhou's buffer status was destroyed, making Jiangzhou a target for upstream and downstream competition.Third, Tao Kan was close to the water, took Jiangzhou first, created a fait accompli, and forced Wang Dao to admit it, and also forced Yu Liang to admit it.Since then, Tao Kan has lived in the upper reaches of the university, and has to breed new conflicts with both Wang Dao and Yu Liang.However, due to Wang Dao's central position, which is different from Yu Liang who retreated to Yuzhou, the contradiction between Tao and Yu generally cannot surpass the contradiction between Tao and Wang, nor can it surpass the contradiction between Yu and Wang. Next, we try to explore the contradiction between Yu and Wang and the contradiction between Tao and Wang, as well as the role played by Xi Jian in these contradictions. "Book of Jin" Volume 73 "Biography of Yu Liang": "At the time (the case was in Xiankang) Wang Dao assisted the government, and he was in charge of the difficult times when he was young. Ministers are troubled by the law. Tao Kan once wanted to raise troops to abolish the leadership, but Xi Jian refused to follow, so he stopped. As a result, Liang wanted to lead the people to depose the leadership, and he used counseling, but the learning was not allowed." Xi Jian refused twice. It was the key to the relative stability of the political situation in the Eastern Jin Dynasty and the fact that the civil war did not recur at this stage by agreeing to the strategy of the feudal town to raise troops to dethrone Wang Dao. Wang Dao's consistent style of "preserving the outline and not sticking to the details" is his consistent style, especially in his later years. "Shi Shuo Xin Yu·Government Affairs": "In the last years of the prime minister, he didn't save trouble. He just sealed it and promised it. He sighed and said: 'People say that I am ignorant, and future generations should think about it.'" "The last years of the prime minister" refers to In Xiankangzhong, that is when the confrontation between Yu and Wang was the most tense.The main purpose of Wang Dao's administration is to reconcile the gentry and seek a balance of mutual interests, especially to make Yu and Wang live in peace. Wang Dao was in power in Jiankang, and he had to have considerable force to stay by his side as support, so he had to recruit military generals Zhao Yin and Jia Ning. "Book of Jin", Volume 57, "Zhao Youzhuan", said that Zhao Yin's father, Zhao You, was "a native of Huainan, and he will show up in the world". "Book of Jin" Volume 78 "Biography of Kong Yu", Wang Dao "will use Zhao Yin as the guard, and Yu said that Dao said: "Since the resurgence, Zhou Boren (顗) and Ying Siyuan (Zhan) who are here are officials. Sincerely lacks talents today, how can it be appropriate to use Zhao Yin as the evil?' Guidance is not followed." Jia Ning's deeds can be found in "Shishuoxinyu·Appreciation" in the note "He Cidao Taste Sending Dongren" to "Jinyang Autumn" And "Wei Shu" volume ninety-six "Sima Rui Biography".Jia was a native of Changle. At the beginning, he married Wang Ying and Zhuge Yao, who belonged to Wang Dun. Later, he voted for Su Jun as his mastermind, and then surrendered to Wang Dao.It seems that Jia Ning is also a former member of the Wang family of Langya. Although he once persuaded Su Jun to kill Wang Dao and other ministers, he was still reused after he surrendered to Wang Dao.Among the surrendered generals Wang Dao preserved were Lu Yong, Kuang Shu, Kuang Xiao and others.Wen Qiao once objected to Wang Dao's praise of surrendering people, see "Wen Qiao Biography".Wang Dao wants to quote Kuang Xiao, "Wang Meng Biography" said that Wang Meng sent a note to Wang Dao saying: "When the country is established and the family is inherited, the villain should not be used." There is a gap between Qunben and Kuangshu. In order to preserve Kuangshu, Director Wang ordered Kuangshu to persuade Kong Qun to drink to relieve Kong's suspicion.All these things show that Wang Dao's brothers are all dead and their strength has declined, so they have to deliberately protect the warriors and surrender generals for driving, even though they are strongly opposed by the nobles and celebrities.Objectively, these people played a role in supporting the status of the Langya Wang family.Among them, Lu Yong surrendered to Shihu, but that happened after Wang Dao died. Although Wang Dao regards warriors and subordinates as pawns, he relies on Xi Jian who uses Jingkou as his base for his troops in strategy.Tao Kan and Yu Liang wanted to raise troops to depose Wang Dao, they had to consult with Xi Jian, and Xi Jian had the decisive power of veto.If Tao Kan and Yu Liang act reluctantly against Xi Jian's intention, it will inevitably lead to civil war. The people in power have suffered from the disaster of Wang Dun and Su Jun, so they dare not try rashly. Tao Kan and Yu Liang raised troops to dethrone Wang Daozhi's plan. The circumstances are as follows: "The Biography of Yu Liang" Liang and Xi Jianjian said: "In the past, they repeated in Wuhu, saying that although the crime (in the case refers to Wang Dao) was serious, the time was harmful to the country, and Fang Yue won the Dao, and he was enough to suppress it. Therefore, we bear it together and explain Tao. Gong. From here to now, there has been no change.” Case Yu Liang used the town of Wuhu in the fourth year of Xianhe (329), and Tao Kan died in the ninth year of Xianhe, and began to change the town with Tao Kan’s land of Jing and Jiang. Wuchang. "Wuhu repeated" and so on, referring to Yu Liang and Xi Jian back and forth in his old governance to discuss Tao Kan's desire to abolish Wang Dao.Yu and Xi finally dissuaded Tao Kan with the words "the time is bad and the country is in danger";Fang Zhen, who served as him, of course refers to Tao Kan, the governor of Jingzhou who lives in Wuchang, Yu Liang, the governor of Yuzhou who lives in Wuhu, and Dujian, the governor of Xuzhou who lives in Jingkou.The plot to abolish the king was initiated by Tao Kan, Xi Jian opposed it, and Yu Liang mediated in the middle. The specific time of this incident was in the fifth year of Xianhe (330), that is, the year after Yu Liang lived in Wuhu, that is, when Guo Mo killed Liu Yin, the governor of Jiangzhou without authorization, and Wang Dao Xunshi made Guo Mo the governor of Jiangzhou.According to "Tao Kan Biography", Tao Kan wrote to Wang Dao saying: "If Guo Mo kills Fangzhou, he will use it as Fangzhou; if he kills the prime minister, he will become the prime minister?" Tao Kan actually used "killing the prime minister" as a metaphor, full of murderous intent.Wang Dao still explained: "The power of staying in the upper class in silence, plus the capital of ships and ships, so buds are forbearing, so that they have land. The first month is latent, and the army arrives with one step, so they can go to each other with the weather. Isn't it compliance? The one who raises the darkness of the time to determine the big things?" Tao Shengshu said with a smile: "It is to obey the thieves of the time." Tao Kan then raised his own army to kill Guo Mo, and also led Jing and Jiang.Tao Kan did not hesitate to fight against the central government, so it is estimated that he might attack Guo Mo's army and go down to the capital.The lower capital must pass through the boundary of Yuliang in Yuzhou, so there is a story about Yu and Xi's "repetition of Wuhu".Yu Liang and Xi Jianjian continued to say that "the Lord has been eight or nine years old and an adult" and so on.The year Tao Kan killed Guo Mo was the fifth year of Xianhe, and Emperor Cheng was nine years old. This is circumstantial evidence that Tao Kan plotted to abolish Wang Dao in Xianhe five years.The so-called "and adult" is the year when Yu Liang planned to abolish Wang Dao, that is, the fourth to fifth year of Xiankang, when Emperor Cheng was seventeen to eighteen years old. Tao Kan's plan failed, and Xi Jian's insistence on opposing it was of course the main reason.It is also one of the reasons why Yu Liang did not fully support Tao Kan's scheme and did not give full cooperation.Before Su Jun's rebellion, Yu and Tao were incompatible and had deep grievances. Lai Wenqiao bridged the gap, and they were able to pacify Su Jun together.After Su Jun's rebellion, Yu and Tao formed a certain common interest in the issue of resisting Wang Dao, but the contradiction between Yu and Tao still existed.Since the military pressure formed by Tao Kanju's upstream can suppress Wang Dao, it can naturally suppress Yu Liang.And because Yu Liang's Yuzhou is adjacent to Jiang and Jing, he feels more pressure than Yangzhou. "Tao Kan Biography" talks about "hidden ambition to spy on the arrow". If this ambition is rewarded, Yu Liang may not be able to protect himself.It can be said that Yu Liang Wuning had to adopt a more realistic attitude towards Tao Kan's plot to dethrone Wang Daozhi in order to protect himself. Although Yu Liang "admired Tao Kan for foreign affairs", after all, Tao Kan "did not belong to the aristocratic family", and knew that the political barriers of the Eastern Jin Dynasty were not something he could break through, so "Ji Nianhuai has the distinction of stopping the foot, not with the power of the court". Please abdicate and return to Changsha Kingdom, and ask to be buried in Changsha before death, and move the tomb of Xunyang's parents to the feudal kingdom to show humility.But after Tao Kan's death, Yu Liang finally deliberately eliminated the descendants of the Tao family. In the fifth year of Xiankang, he killed Tao Kanzi Tao Cheng again. "Zhengao" Volume 16 "Explanation of Youwei Second" original note: Yu Liang died of illness in the town in the sixth year of Xiankang. "Repaying Injustice": "After Yu Liang killed Tao Cheng in the Jin Dynasty, at the Winter Festival in the fifth year of Xiankang, dozens of civil and military people suddenly heard about it and bowed to Jie. Yu Jing asked why, and Tao Gong came. Tao Gong is Call him father Kanye. Yu also greets Tao Gongfu (this word is suspicious). The two are old grievances. Dozens of people around the imperial edict are all fighting. Tao Gong said to Yu: "The old servant is the king's own generation, not the old servant. Seeing this kindness, he killed his orphan, so I came to ask Tao what crime he claimed, and he has already sued the emperor." Yu couldn't say a word, so he fell ill, and died on the first day of the eighth (sixth) year [first month]." "" The plots of gods and monsters in Zhengao and Huanyuanji are not credible, but they reflect Yu, Tao Suyuan and Tao Kanji Nian's attempt to bridge and recommend Yu Liang to replace Jingjing and Jiang, which should be credible and can supplement the official history. Tao Kan's plot to abolish Dao Wang, Dao Wang naturally knew about it, so in addition to relying on Jingkou Xijian's help, he also tried to strengthen his strength in Jiankang in case of emergency.This is the background of Wang Dao's reuse of generals. In June of the ninth year of Xianhe (334), Tao Kan died, and Yu Liang moved from Wuhu to Wuchang in Jiadujiang, Jing and other states.Yu Liang left Wuhu, Jiankang temporarily relieved his burden, and Director Wang got a chance to deploy his forces.In April of the first year of Xiankang (335), the stone tiger invaded Liyang.There are many doubts about this matter. The actual content should be that Director Wang used the opportunity to create excuses in order to conduct military deployment and strengthen his position in Jiankang. "Book of Jin" Volume 7 "Chengdi Ji" is recorded in Shihu's entry into the bandits: "Add King Situ to guide Da Sima, fake Huangyue, and supervise the conquest of all military forces to control them. ... Send General Liu Shi to save Liyang, Pingxi General Zhao Yin stationed at Cihu, Longju General Lu Yong garrisoned Niuzhu, Jianwu General Gong Yunzhi garrisoned Wuhu." In this case, Zhao Yin is Wang Dao's confidant, Lu Yong is a surrendered general, and Liu Shiyi is a military general who Wang Dao believes in. Wang Yunzhi is the son of Wang Shu and nephew of Wang Dao.They led their respective armies, went upstream at the same time, and captured the important places near Yu Liang's Yuzhou government.What is more noteworthy is the continuation of "Chengdi Ji": "Sikong Xijian made Guangling Prime Minister Chen Guangshuai all the guards." Xi Jian stabbed Jingkou, Xuzhou Town, "At that time, the left guard general Chen Guangshang asked to attack Hu, and ordered to attack Shouyang. Mo Shangshu said: '...5,000 troops are conscripted today, all of whom are the elite of the king's capital. Zuo Wei, heard from far and near, is called the army in the palace...'" Chen Guang, "Book of Jin" only sees these two.He was originally a subordinate of Xijian, and was sent to Wei Jiankang. Director Wang used him without doubt, and became an elite teacher in the palace. He never returned to Xijian's Xuzhou establishment.It can be seen from this that Wang Dao took advantage of the opportunity to strengthen his military strength and received strong support from Xi Jian. "The Biography of Yu Liang" Yu Liang wrote to Xi Jian: "The Lord has been eight or nine years old and an adult. When he enters, he is in the hands of the palace. When he comes out, he is only a military officer. He can't read sentences (mistakes in doubtful chapters and sentences), and he has never met a gentleman when he reads. …….If the master is too young, don’t go to the sages to guide the sages; when the spring and autumn are prosperous, it is appropriate to restore the son to clear up, and not to return the head to the government. Just live in the respect of the master, the master of adulthood, and then accept the rebellion of the master and ministers. The master I know that the way of the emperor and ministers cannot be followed, but I have to do something special...." Case: "Military officer villain", refers to Zhao Yin, Jia Ning, and Kuang Xiao's generation, which has been seen before. "The Spring and Autumn Period is prosperous, it is advisable to rehabilitate the son, and not return the head to the government." This means that in the first year of Xiankang (335), after Emperor Cheng Jiayuan served, the king still did not return the government to Emperor Cheng. "Master's Respect" refers to the fact that Wang Dao was the Taifu in May of the fourth year of Xiankang. "Performing special rituals", there were many in the reign of Emperor Cheng.Comparing the dates of the above-mentioned events, it is known that Yu Liang's plan to depose Wang Dao should be before Wang Dao's death in May of the fourth year of Xiankang, when Wang Dao became a tutor, and in July of the fifth year of Xiankang, Wang Dao died. Yu Liang sent Xi Jian Jian, "Tong Jian" was dated in June of the fourth year of Xiankang, because Wang Dao paid homage to the prime minister in this month, so Wang Dao and other things were connected by analogy.I think Yu Liang's plan to abolish Wang Dao is a very serious matter. When there is some kind of opportunity to take advantage of or prepare for it, it is the same as Tao Kan's plan to abolish Wang Dao when he sent troops to punish Guo Mo.However, according to the four-year historical records of Xiankang, there was no special situation between the upstream and downstream.In the second year, that is, the fifth year of Xiankang, Yu Liang suddenly withdrew his younger brother Yu Yi's troops from Weixing, Liangzhou, and traveled thousands of miles to the Banzhou of Jiangzhou, which strengthened Yu's downstream love for Jiankang. Potential.This abnormal situation is suspected to be related to Yu Liang's plot to abolish Wang Dao.Therefore, Yu Liang's plan was in Xiankang five years ago, which seems to be closer to reality. The conflict between Yu and Wang was widely spread. "Wang Dao Biography": "At that time, Yu Liang was forced out of the town with high expectations. Tao Chengjian, the captain of the Nanman school, said that Liang should raise his troops introverted. Or persuade him to be secret. The guide said: 'I will rest with Yuan Gui It’s the same, long-winded talk should never be spoken by a wise man. It’s like what you say, if the Yuan rules come, I’ll return the scarf, so why not be afraid again!” He also called the book, thinking that “the Yuan uncle of Emperor Yugong, It is appropriate to do good things.' So the slander began to stop. Although Shi Liang lived in the outer town, he held the power of the court. He was based on the upper class and had a strong army. The fan concealed himself, and Xu said: 'Yuan rule dust pollutes people'". "Shi Shuo Xin Yu·Ya Liang" recorded this matter in the note "Those who have contacts" and quoted "Zhong Xing Shu" as saying: "So the wind and dust disappeared, and Mu Mu was suppressed inside and outside"; interest" said.Although these assertions are not quite in line with historical reality, it is a fact that the contradiction between Yu and Wang has eased. Yu Liang's plan to abolish Wang Dao failed, as said in "The Biography of Yu Liang", Xi Jian also played a decisive role.Apart from Xi Jian, there are people who disagree, even in Yu Liang Zhengxi Mansion, there are also objections.Sun Sheng, the long history of Zhengxi, once remonstrated with Yu Liang. "Book of Jin" Volume 82 "Sun Sheng Chuan": "At that time, the prime minister Wang Dao was in power, and Liang took the Yuan uncle as the outsider. During the construction of the Nanman school Wei Tao, Dao and Liang were quite suspicious. Sheng Mi advised Liang: "The prince神清朗达，常有世外之怀，岂肯为凡人事耶？此必佞邪之徒，欲间内外耳。'亮纳之。”孙盛所谓王导不肯为“凡人事”，当是庾亮以王导有篡晋之举为起兵口实，而孙盛为之剖辩，庾亮因而纳之。由此推测，庾亮致郗鉴笺谓“彼（王导）罪虽重”之语，除隐寓王导曾助长王敦乱事以外，似尚特有所指。此外，王导在庾亮自芜湖移镇武昌后，已经不失时机地加强了建康上游的防御力量，也使庾亮未得轻举妄动。 庾、王交恶，当时人所共知。王导老谋深算，不事声张，并图杜绝“悠悠之口”，这是王导“善处兴废”的一种表现。但是只靠王导的政治才能并不足以息庾亮之谋。郗鉴拥兵京口，力拒庾亮而助王导，才使咸康政局未生大变，使琅邪王氏地位不坠。《庾亮传》史臣曰：“……向使郗鉴协从，必且戎车犯顺，则〔庾亮〕与夫台、产、安、桀，亦何以异哉！”咸康五年七月至咸康六年一月，王导、郗鉴、庾亮相继死亡，倾轧始告结束。 论述郗鉴、王导关系时，不能不注意郗鉴在护卫王导之外，还有规王导所短的事实。唐写本《世说新语·规箴》：郗鉴“以王丞相未年多可恨，每见必欲苦相规诫。王公知其意，每引作它言。临当还镇，故命驾诣丞相，翘鬓厉色，上坐便言：'方当永别，必欲言其所见。'意满口重，辞殊不溜。王公摄其次曰：'后面未期，亦欲尽所怀，愿公勿复谈。'郗遂大瞠，冰矜（矜）而出，不得一言。”王导末年愦愦，颇有乱政，郗鉴厉色进言，必有纠其愦愦之政的具体意见。这正是郗鉴不在其位，旁观者清以及郗鉴处乱世而有其方的表现，是王导所不能及的。 东晋初年政局，三五年一大变，变则干戈扰攘，台城丘墟。社会的重心在门阀士族，一族强则思压倒它族，遂成乱阶。本非门阀士族的流民帅，亦思凭藉际遇，起兵谋利。螳螂在前，黄雀随后，胜利者要想稳操政柄，是十分困难的。长此以往，江左抗胡政权，势必在内乱中冰消瓦解。所以郗鉴引流民帅以平王敦，助王导以抗衡陶侃、庾亮，得利者不仅在司马家及琅邪王氏而已。苏峻乱平后，江左相对安定，无内战七十年，遂得以拒胡族于淮汉，息斯民于江左，郗鉴所起的积极作用，是巨大的。 王夫之《读通鉴论》卷十三曰：“东晋之臣，可胜大臣之任者，其为郗公乎！”大臣之任，不重在操持庶政，而重在执道经邦，东晋皇权不振，大臣更应如此。郗鉴南来后，最重要的邦国大计，莫过于协调当权诸门阀士族之间的关系，杜绝觊觎，以稳定一个抗胡政权，使人民得以生存。郗鉴在这方面的作为，与其它门阀士族之居位者相比较，可称述者较多，可指责者较少。王夫之所论，是有道理的。