Chapter 15 Chapter Fourteen Jinzhou, Jinzhou

The Japanese army is about to approach the city of Jinzhou, but there is still a fierce power struggle within the Kuomintang.When the "weakest cabinet in history" had no reinforcements, the former national hero Ma Zhanshan made a muddled decision, which he regretted endlessly. After receiving the call from Tianjin, Fan Zhuang didn't say anything else. In addition to dispatching an infantry regiment from the Jiacun brigade to Tianjin by sea, he also mobilized heavy troops on land, starting from Shenyang and advancing to the Daling River line. The excuse is to take Jinzhou first, and then advance into Shanhaiguan to support the Tianjin Concession.

The Daling River is very close to Jinzhou City. The Ming Dynasty Titan Zu Dashou built a city by this river to fight against the Manchus. The air in Jinzhou City suddenly became tense. Prior to this, the temporary military and political institutions of the Northeast had been established in Jinzhou, and Zhang Xueliang's "uncle" Zhang Zuoxiang acted as the commander of the Northeast Army. In Jinzhou, you can attack when you advance, and you can defend when you retreat.Advance, can be used as the first strategic support point, and then overlook the whole territory of Northeast; retreat, can guard the gates outside the customs, and defend North China and Rehe.

The solid line of defense built by many famous generals, brave generals, and titans in the Ming Dynasty was naturally not built. Everyone thinks that for this sake, there is no way to retreat. But at this time, the Nanjing government was still bound by Chiang's "non-resistance policy", and it was lucky to interfere with the League of Nations. Since the excuse for the Kwantung Army's arrival at the city of Jinzhou was the Tianjin Incident, then first make concessions in Tianjin. Thus, a scene that surprised the gangsters in Tianjin appeared.The security corps, which had fought harder and harder before, withdrew sadly and drove to Hebei, while the Japanese Concession, which became more and more tempered, was celebrated by the army and the people, with lights and festoons.

Then, the negotiations of the League of Nations also seemed to bring new hope to everyone. Chinese representative Shi Zhaoji, who had not yet resigned at that time, was ordered by the Ministry of Foreign Affairs to formally submit a proposal to the League of Nations to "designate Jinzhou as a neutral zone", promising that the Northeast Army could withdraw to Shanhaiguan, but demanding that Japanese troops also not enter the Jinzhou area.As a neutral zone, Jinzhou can only be stationed by troops from neutral countries such as Britain, France, and Italy. The "neutral zone" strategy's intention to rely on external forces is obvious: No matter how fierce your Kwantung Army is, do you dare to wipe out so many big powers?

The problem is that Britain, France, and Italy are not fools. Why should our soldiers serve as shields for you in such a place of right and wrong?It's a good idea, but there is no way. The Japanese are even more unhappy, don’t they just not want me to enter Jinzhou, playing tricks like this, thinking I can’t see it? Seeing this situation, the League of Nations had no choice but to abandon the Jinzhou neutral zone proposal, but it once again issued a warning to the Japanese government, asking it to maintain the status quo in Northeast China and not to attack Jinzhou. Due to international pressure, the Ruomu cabinet felt that the Kwantung Army had to be controlled by the nose no matter what, so it greeted the military and asked them to take measures to control the Kwantung Army's actions.

The staff headquarters gave the government face this time, and Chief of Staff Jin Gu issued an order to stop the Kwantung Army from attacking Jinzhou. His reason is not that Jinzhou cannot play, but that the time needs to be postponed. Because in order to fight Jinzhou, you must pass through the water network and swamp area around the Daling River, which requires a considerable number of ferries, and there is no time to prepare for it. Jin Gu suggested that it is better to wait until the water freezes before attacking Jinzhou. In that case, it would be more convenient to not even need a boat.

The Kwantung Army felt that this was justified. Jinzhou is temporarily saved. But this is only temporary.Because things changed very quickly. In the Japanese army and civilians, a so-called "National Transformation Movement" began.According to the original idea of ​​this movement, it was to first carry out political transformation internally and then establish a military government, and then launch a war externally after the conditions for mobilization of the whole people were met. This "movement" was originally only popular in the army and among the people. Later, politicians and party sticks also became enthusiastic about it. Even Takejiro Takejiro, who received Zhang Xueliang's 500,000 silver notes, was involved in it, and a group called "Cooperation" was started. Cabinet" campaign.

To put it bluntly, the "cooperative cabinet" and the "national transformation movement" are actually the same approach, and the goal is to build a "good cabinet" that wears the same trousers as the army. Politicians winking at soldiers means that party politics has finally begun to compromise with warlord politics. On the one hand, the party is torn apart, and on the other hand, domestic and foreign affairs are ineffective, and the Ruomu cabinet has to announce the general resignation. On December 11th in the 20th year of the Republic of China (1931), the Japanese representative Fang Ze, who made a fool of himself on the forum of the League of Nations, and his Taishan master Inuyang Yi took the stage.

Inuyang Takeshi is the president of the Political Friends Association at this time, and he is a weather-beaten old politician. Many voters are willing to vote for him because Inu Lao has a long history and he and Sun Yat-sen were close buddies back then. Everyone hopes that Inu Lao can make good use of this relationship with the Kuomintang, thereby breaking the deadlock in Sino-Japanese relations and resolving the Manchuria issue. Quan Lao himself was also full of confidence, rolling up his sleeves and preparing for a big fight. If time goes back another 20 or 30 years, there is still a great possibility for Inouori to show his ambitions, then history may look different, but it is a pity that he is too old now.

How big is it? In a few years, I will hold my 80th birthday. Such an old prime minister can rank among the top not only in Japanese politics, but also in world politics. Don't be afraid of the old dog, you will be angry when you hear this, with your body, it is too old to bring your grandson home. To say that Quan Yangyi is not bad, he was an old friend of the Chinese people when he was young, but it would be strange if he is so old and dim-sighted. Like Wakaku, Inuyang was not interested in the military headquarters and the Kwantung Army's request for the establishment of a "Manchukuo", and he also opposed the expansion of the Northeast situation.He was even willing to resolve the "Manchuria issue" peacefully with the Chinese government through his old historical relationship with the Kuomintang.

His request is much more practical than those lunatics in the army: the Northeast is still China's, but you want us to let Japan have actual economic dominance in the three northeastern provinces. Under the circumstances at the time, this was already a tone and attitude for sitting down and discussing.But he made the fatal mistake of putting the most inappropriate person in a position that actually mattered. When considering candidates for the cabinet, the candidate for Prime Minister Lu became a headache for Quan Yang to focus on.He was deeply impressed by the embarrassment of the former Nanjiro who was busy but ignored and accomplished nothing. How can it be done like this, if there is no prestige in the army, and the army cannot be commanded, then the government will become a lame government? After thinking about it, Inu Lao finally found someone——Sadao Araki, Chief of Operations of the General Staff Headquarters (Chief of the Saber Team of the 19th Phase of the Continental University). There are five departments in the staff headquarters, and the combat department is the leader. Quanyang thought, I brought all these Bodhisattvas to you soldiers, and see who dares to be disobedient in the future. This old dog is really old and confused.Of course you are right to use Zhong Kui to scare ghosts, but you have to see clearly what kind of relationship this Zhong Kui has with the little ghosts. In fact, he is the head of the imps. In the 1930s, two factions emerged in the Japanese army, which can be called the two freaks of the Showa warlords. If you look at the essence, these two factions are both developments and variants of the "National Reconstruction Movement", and their purpose is to let the soldiers rule the country and dominate everything. But they are still different. One group is called the control faction, which is regarded as the extreme right. It believes that the revolution cannot kick out the government, and the military must be in charge of the revolution, leading the revolution together with the government. Even if the government does not want to reform, you have to force it to reform. The other faction is called the Huangdao faction. This faction can be regarded as the extreme left. They want to kick the government away and start a revolution. Of course Araki Sadao has influence in the army, because he is not only the boss of this lawless imperial way faction (the word "imperial way" comes from his usual colloquial language), but also served as the principal of the Army University. At the beginning, a group of people from the General Staff Headquarters planned an attempted coup d'etat, just to establish a military cabinet headed by Sadao Araki. Now, the lunatic of the lunatics, the lunatic of the lunatics has finally come to power, and the army is of course cheering—from then on, we have people on top. After that, the Kwantung Army didn't have any problems of being obedient or not.Because the voice of the Ministry of War is their voice, and the Minister of War is the voice of their interests and demands. Since the Kwantung Army thinks highly of him, Minister Lu Araki Sadao also cheered up and kept advocating for them at the court. Under Araki's proposal, the Japanese cabinet passed a resolution to include the four northeastern provinces including Jinzhou (except for the original three provinces, Zhang Xueliang temporarily set Jinzhou as a province) into the Japanese appeasement zone. Then, Congress passed the case of paying tribute to the Kwantung Army.Emperor Hirohito praised the "magnificence of the imperial army" and issued an imperial edict to comfort him. The appointment and dismissal of a Prime Minister almost turned the Inuyang cabinet, which originally wanted to improve Sino-Japanese relations, into a genuinely belligerent cabinet. After the "peaceful" settlement of the "Tianjin Incident", the Kwantung Army did not give up attacking Jinzhou. Excuse, find another. This time the excuse was to suppress bandits. In fact, to put it bluntly, they themselves are bandits, the largest Japanese bandits in Northeast China, but thieves and thieves have always been the Japanese's strengths. On December 18, the 20th year of the Republic of China (1931), the Kwantung Army Command once again completed the plan to attack Jinzhou, and scheduled to start operations 10 days later, that is, on the 28th. This time, Fan Zhuang was planning to spend a lot of money in Jinzhou, because the Battle of Jiangqiao taught him a very vivid lesson. Not all of the Northeast Army are cowards. If the Jiangqiao model was copied to Jinzhou, the Kwantung Army commander's facial muscles would have to tremble violently. Ma Zhanshan's men were only a few thousand men, while Jinzhou's defenders had hundreds of thousands. Ma Zhanshan has no military backup, but Jinzhou can continuously transfer reinforcements and ammunition from the pass by land and sea. Of course Shige Honjo cannot imagine Jinzhou as Shenyang. Because after all, this is the last important military town of the Northeast Army in the Northeast, and this battle is bound to be broken, and we will go all out. At critical times, he had to rely on his own Araki to cover him. It turned out that it was very difficult for the Kwantung Army to deploy troops.During the Battle of Jiangqiao, Fan Zhuang sent several urgent telegrams asking for domestic reinforcements, but they were all blocked by the government, and a single soldier did not arrive. Now that Lu Xiang took action himself, everything was settled. The troops attacking Jinzhou, in addition to the 2nd Division (Sendai Division) and the mixed 39th Brigade (Jiacun Brigade) that participated in the Battle of Jiangqiao, also sent two additional mixed brigades from China and North Korea. In the air, the commander of the Kwantung Army's flight team, Ling Guisuke (the 28th issue of Lu Da), led the 5 squadrons to assist in the battle. Unlike the refueling tactics of the Battle of Jiangqiao, this time the Kwantung Army showed off their Xuanhua axe at the beginning of the game and put on a very good lineup. For Fan Zhuang, the fly in the ointment is that there is a "sea" vacant in Hailu, otherwise it would be too perfect. But the navy is not something he can mobilize. During the "September 18th" Incident, Fan Zhuang once asked the Navy's Second Expatriate Fleet stationed in Lushunkou for help, concentrating ships near Yingkou in Bohai Bay to support the Kwantung Army's land operations. Note that this is a request, not a request. Immediately, it was flatly rejected by the 2nd Expatriate Fleet on the grounds that it had other missions and had not received relevant instructions from the Military Command. The following words did not say. What kind of a thing are you, Zhuang Fan, to point fingers at our navy? May I ask your mother's name? Ben Zhuang Fan felt ashamed.This time he wanted to greet the military command through the staff headquarters. It should be easier for leaders to speak to leaders and superiors to superiors. But Shigeru Honzhuang was wrong, and the answer from the military command was also—excuse me. The official reason is that the Navy must faithfully implement the relevant government policy that the China incident cannot be expanded. The reason in private is much simpler: I have done my best to make you look good, don't do it! The dark clouds were overwhelming the city, and everyone could see that this time the Japanese were not just putting on airs, but they were going to make a serious move against Jinzhou City. Before the Kwantung Army sent troops to Jinzhou, the Council of the League of Nations passed a resolution again, reiterating that the Japanese army must "withdraw troops from the Northeast occupied area and return to the state before the incident." The resolution is good, but it can't quench the near thirst. The United States, Britain, and France saw that the situation was not good, and they rushed out to fight, but the Japanese knew that these three companies were just playing tricks, and they didn't make any sense at all. What Japan really worried about was actually the Soviet Union.The reason is obvious. If the Northeast Army wants to fight the Japanese army in Jinzhou, most of the rear of the Northeast will fall into emptiness. If the old Maozi attacks, it will be suspended. Stalin is an old fox, he doesn't want to come to this muddy water.Aren't you afraid that I will beat you? Don't worry, I will never do it. So far, the Kwantung Army has no worries. On December 28th in the 20th year of the Republic of China (1931), the Sendai Division, the Jiacun Brigade, and the mixed 8th Brigade (Murai Brigade) set off first, and all three marched together, approaching the city of Jinzhou. The 19th Brigade of the Northeast Army used the armored convoy as cover, and with the cooperation of the Volunteer Army, fought an encounter with the Kwantung Army (also equipped with armored trains). At that time, the two sides had iron armor against iron armor and steel sword against steel sword. Although they did not win, at least they did not let the Japanese take advantage of it. Fan Zhuang was very worried about this, thinking that if the Northeast Army resisted like this, "there will be a big battle that has never been seen since the incident", and just crossing the Daling River is enough for him to drink a pot. At this time, the Northeast Army in Jinzhou urgently needs government support, but at the critical point, the "current government" has "undecided policies." So what is the "current government" doing? The mountain is still the same mountain, the water is still the same water, and the government is still the same government, but the people inside have changed. Surrounded by Japanese pirates outside and besieged on all sides internally, Lao Jiang, who has always shown a tough image, had to give in to the Guangzhou side: Now is the time to go to the country together, so our brothers should stop tearing each other down, so as not to let outsiders see jokes, let's move in together. Guangzhou's reply was also very straightforward: We actually don't want to do this, and it's not because you are too annoying.If you get out (go to the field), then we will automatically revoke the government and move our family to Nanjing. What is this called? This is called forced palace. Prior to this, as the winner of the Central Plains War, Lao Jiang was complacent, thinking that he was the biggest in the entire court.Of course, there is some truth to this judgment, because looking around the country at that time, there were indeed very few people who dared to fight him with a gun. But people are not as good as heaven, Lao Jiang didn't expect that he was not enough in practice, and finally he was trapped by "two poles" (gun and pen)—— It turned out that the gun barrel was not his strongest.Yes, Feng Yanli temporarily disappeared, but after "September 18", the Japanese Kwantung Army suddenly emerged from the northeast, and the latter's ferocity and ambition were beyond the reach of domestic warlords. He suddenly fell into an extremely embarrassing situation, and his reputation and prestige plummeted. It turns out that the pen is also incredible.The party sticks didn't see anything special during the Central Plains War, but since Hu Hanmin was imprisoned, they verbally criticized and jumped up and down, causing the Kuomintang to turn upside down and torn apart. This anti-Chiang movement can be said to have reached a historical boiling point. The Kuomintang factions and the number of people gathered in Guangzhou exceeded previous records, and it can be described as menacing. For Lao Jiang, winning the Central Plains War marked that he had become the leader in the army, and the significance and influence on his future road of "ruling the country with the party" should not be underestimated. . He has to win, as hard as it is. For a long time, fighting side-by-side and crossing Chen Cang secretly have been Lao Jiang's necessary weapons and magic weapons for victory when facing multiple opponents.This is true of domestic military warfare, and political warfare is no exception. The most important thing is to quickly pull a person over and make it play a role in dividing the opponent's camp. Lao Jiang chose Wang Jingwei. This is almost unbelievable to outsiders. how is this possible? In the Kuomintang at that time, Wang Jingwei was known as the "saint in the party", his personal qualities were almost impeccable, he was neither greedy for money nor greedy for sex, and the set of "food and sex" could not be moved away from him. This gentleman is passionate about and loves the same thing: engaging in politics. In previous anti-Chiang movements, he shouted the loudest slogans and sang the highest tunes, but he always fell the worst. Even after the Central Plains War, he was even expelled from the party by Lao Jiang, so he had to be miserable He went to work as an apartment in Tianjin Alley.After learning from the pain, his determination to oppose Chiang this time is also the greatest. Even Hu Hanmin, who was not very confrontational in the past, has become an ally. No matter how you look at it, it is unlikely that the "second in a thousand years" will stand with his biggest political opponent in the party. But this is just the opinion of ordinary people, not Lao Jiang's. saint?What happened to the saint.You know, in this world, everyone has weaknesses, the key is to see how you use them. In terms of personality characteristics, Hu Hanmin prefers to bend rather than bend, loves to admit death, and belongs to the master who loves to get into a dead end, while Wang Jingwei is more hesitant, unable to make up his mind, often turns back and forth, changes his goal direction day and night, and cannot persist. Love admits death, which means that this person will not compromise easily, and it’s okay not to provoke him. Once you mess with him, you can remember you for a lifetime, and you will never give even a smile from now on. And hesitation, it shows that this person still has a gap to exploit , just need a chance. The opportunity came quickly. At the beginning, both the Hu faction and the Wang faction showed no hesitation in forcing Jiang to go to the field, and they never backed down. After the "September 18th" incident broke out, the cooperation between Ning and Guangdong was put on the agenda. However, the attitudes of the two main anti-Chiang factions, Wang and Hu, were not small. Wang Jingwei was very interested and very active. , and under the pressure of public opinion, Hu faction figures such as Chen Jitang did not dare to jump out to oppose publicly, but they did not have any enthusiasm for participating. In the final analysis, the anti-Chiang forces in Guangzhou could not really "huddle together" as Wang Jingwei said.In fact, apart from reaching an agreement on anti-Chiang, the political views and positions are very different, and they all have their own small calculations. Don’t look at Wang Jingwei’s appearance of fighting for Hu Hanmin’s injustice, in fact, at the beginning, he even gloated a little, thinking that the latter’s fate of being under house arrest by Lao Jiang was purely self-inflicted (“Hu Hanmin has been a supporter of the military dictatorship for several years, It is not a pity to get this result"), let you help, and the retribution will come. It wasn't until later that he found that there were a lot of voices crying for the old Hu's grievances around him, and realized that this was an excellent opportunity for him to stand up in the political arena, so he changed to unite Hu and oppose Chiang. However, the military and political parties in Guangzhou did not sincerely welcome Lao Wang, because at this time the local powerful faction was Chen Jitang, who was known as "Nan Batian", and the banner that this buddy usually took out was Hu Hanmin, who was also from Cantonese.His purpose of pulling Laohu is similar to that of Lao Jiang back then, to coax this old man and use it as his golden signboard. For Wang Jingwei, who is also a fellow from Guangdong, he rejects from the bottom of his heart, fearing that the latter will overwhelm him and steal his limelight.However, with the development of the situation, first, Lao Wang has openly sided with Lao Hu, and second, Lao Wang is a long-term partner of the Guangxi Guangxi army. If Guangdong and Guangxi want to unite against Chiang, they cannot refuse Wang. Only then did he and other members of the Hu faction "beg for completeness" and made the decision to welcome Wang to Guangdong. A decision has been made, but this decision has additional conditions - only Wang is expected to participate, and the shrimp soldiers and crab generals sent by Wang are rejected to join together, which is the so-called "skin and bone preservation". Obviously, Lao Wang was extremely dissatisfied with this, and his "skins" were even more furious.But he himself was really unwilling to give up this great opportunity for a comeback, so in desperation, he had to come to Guangzhou alone. Lao Wang's high spirits on the surface and depression on the inside were quickly noticed by Lao Jiang. He asked someone to pass a sentence secretly, and it was this sentence that made Lao Wang confused: "Guangdong wants Mr. Wang only for bones, not skin. We want Mr. Wang in Nanjing for both bones and skin." It turns out that Mr. Jiang from Nanjing thinks highly of me, Mr. Wang! Note that the Wang Jingwei at this time is no longer the Wang Jingwei of the Guangzhou Revolution. At that time, the old Wang, you may not be able to see him even if you stand on the bench and stand on tiptoe.It wasn't even the time when Ning Yue was confronting each other. At that time, he could still be on an equal footing with Lao Jiang in terms of party, government and military strength. The old Wang at this time was the miserable old Wang who had experienced the Central Plains War, the old Wang who was expelled from the party and hid in Tianjin as an apartment, and the old Wang who had nothing but a fish bone and could shine his eyes. Faced with Lao Jiang's "goodwill", Lao Wang immediately responded. Not only did he vigorously promote the peace talks between Ningyue and Guangdong, but he also took care of Lao Jiang's representatives in private, saying that he couldn't help himself in Guangzhou and could only say what everyone wanted him to say, and all his speeches were not entirely from his original intention. As soon as these words came out, Lao Jiang knew that the wink he gave had worked, and he also knew very well, "There is preliminary progress in peace, and Wang sells the most." Next, it's time to use the kung fu of living, and whether this kung fu is used well and whether it can have the desired effect depends on the following trick: Lian Wang reprimands Hu. For the holding of the peace talks between Ning and Guangdong, there are two crucial points in the conditions offered by Guangzhou. Chiang Kai-shek accepted all of them, and even agreed that the Guangzhou representative would arrive in the morning, and I would send a telegram to the field at night. With this promise, Guangzhou is relieved.They decided to go to Shanghai with Lao Wang, Sun Ke and others as representatives to hold formal peace talks with Nanjing. There is a rule that is probably unbreakable: at the celebration banquet, the meal is often the meal of the party. When the Guangzhou delegation set off, everyone was relieved. Chen Jitang raised his glass to see off the guests, and under his expression, he had no intention of welcoming Wang Jingwei back, while Lao Wang waved his hand, not taking a cloud with him - no one here, one place to stay, no one anywhere, Grandpa found his own way. According to the request of Guangzhou, Lao Jiang not only released Hu Hanmin, but also sent him to the station himself. Originally majestic and majestic, Lao Jiang now only wants to bow to the other party: I was wrong, please forgive me, and please give me more advice in the future. A dignified head of state, to be able to say such a thing, the attitude of admitting his mistakes is sincere enough.Unexpectedly, the elder did not sell the account of the head of state at all. wrong? What is wrong, say it.If you can't say it, it's wrong again. After putting down these harsh words, Hu Hanmin gave Lao Jiang a severe reprimand in front of everyone.Then walk away. It's a waste of face.But this is not the worst. The worst thing is that in addition to releasing Hu Hanmin, the Guangzhou side also has an even more terrible condition: resign and step down. The Guangzhou delegation had arrived in Shanghai a long time ago, but no one had seen Lao Jiang's telegram to go down to the field. In this regard, Lao Jiang had his own words: There is no prospect of peace talks. Under such circumstances, how could I go to the field? If I do that, "both for the party and the country will have great harm." As for the idea of ​​"representing the arrival of the morning, and sending out at night when the electricity is turned on", he completely forgot about it. In fact, throughout the ages, the beautiful words on the scene are all perfunctory and honest people.It is often not rules, but "hidden rules" that really work in reality. This time it was Lao Wang who was "unspoken". Prior to this, Lao Jiang had sent him a secret telegram, proposing that Jiang and Wang join forces to "go to the national calamity together", so Shimono sent a telegram to suspend the publication. In the telegram, Lao Jiang did not forget to give Lao Wang another candied date, and repeatedly praised the latter for being "sophisticated and seeking the country", and he "forgives me" for being self-defeating. Lao Wang still accepted this trick, and immediately laughed at the high hat that Lao Jiang presented.Not only did he no longer cling to the matter of leaving the field, but he also helped Lao Jiang speak, and took the initiative to push the time for leaving the field to after the establishment of the new government on the grounds that he needed to make preparations. Ningyue and Guangdong held a total of seven rounds of talks in Shanghai, and finally decided that Lao Jiang no longer had to publish his "power-on manuscript" on going to the field. As for the upcoming National Congress of the Kuomintang, one will be held in Nanjing, one in Guangzhou, and each will hold its own. They have nothing to do with each other, and finally there is a grand finale in Nanjing: the First Plenary Session of the Fourth Central Committee will be held in a unified manner, "to end party struggles and unite to resist insults." After the peace talks in Shanghai were over, Wang Hudu should return to Guangzhou to open the Fourth Four, but both of them stayed in Shanghai. Lao Wang is naturally a peacock flying southeast, and he is ready to run to Nanjing with all his heart, and Lao Hu's character, as long as Lao Jiang stays in the position of head of state for a day, he will not go back if he is killed, but he does not want to go to Guangzhou for the time being.The reason was that he couldn't communicate with Chen Jitang over there for a while. Because at that time, Lao Hu was not very familiar with Chen Jitang, and the latter also carried a brand and refused to recognize anyone. He only knew to use Lao Hu's name to publicize everywhere, but he had never met him in person.How do they communicate? Through a person: Gu Yingfen. This Gu Yingfen is also a patriarch of the Republic of China, and one of the important backbones of the Hu faction. He is Chen Jitang's old superior and has been promoted before.When Hu Hanmin thought of something, he let him thread the needle, let him tell Chen Jitang, and then put it into practice. Unfortunately, during the peace talks in Shanghai, Gu Yingfen suddenly died of tooth disease (one theory believes that she died of poisoning during tooth extraction, which is a real example of "tooth pain is not a disease, but it can kill people"). With his pigtails raised, Lao Hu himself doesn't know the reality of Guangzhou, so he is willing to see it first. Although Wang Hu could not be present, the Guangzhou Kuomintang Congress still held the meeting, but the quality and weight of the meeting was undoubtedly greatly reduced. What's even more frustrating is that, at the end of the meeting, the meeting failed. At the meeting, the Hu faction took the lead in launching a counterattack, not only to completely overturn the results of the peace in Shanghai, but also to expel Chiang and Zhang Xueliang from the party.In this way, Wang Pai and Sun Pai (Sun Ke Pai) were immediately angered. The Sun Ke faction was the third faction besides the Wang and Hu factions at that time. The reason why this faction chose to stand with the Wang faction naturally had its real interests calculated. Sun Ke counted with his fingers, Lao Jiang went to the wild, sooner or later, Lao Wang and Lao Hu have both declared true and false that they "never enter Beijing (Nanjing)", so who else is left, of course I'm a rookie in politics. Sun Gongzi wants to be the oriole that will benefit in the end, so he actively supports the Shanghai Peace Conference, and whoever opposes it will be in a hurry. As a result of the dispute between the three factions, Wang Pai and Sun Pai withdrew from the venue and left Guangzhou for Hong Kong. Correspondingly, on the military side, Wang Jingwei's long-term "partners" Gui and Guangdong factions turned their backs, and the Guangdong navy and air force who supported Sun Ke also staged armed demonstrations against Chen Jitang. After Hu Hanmin heard the news in Shanghai, he hurried south to Hong Kong to direct the firefighting across the river. With his remote mediation, the meeting continued.But this time the meeting was more vigorous. In order to elect the members of the Central Committee, everyone started the "full martial arts" as they talked and talked. The "spectacular scene" of the injury and escape from the back door, and finally the security team was mobilized to barely maintain order. The messy Guangzhou Four are exactly what Lao Jiang wanted. While you are sick, I will kill you.The ambiance is already good, but it would be more interesting with a little spice. He pretended not to know anything, and asked Lao Wang who was stranded in Shanghai: “The Four Big Four in Nanjing has finished opening here. How is the Four Big Four in your place (referring to the Four Big Four in Guangzhou) going? Have all the members of the Central Committee been elected?” ? not yet?hurry up.Because the First Plenary Session of the Fourth Central Committee of the Communist Party of China is about to start here, and I hope that people will be elected as soon as possible.After finishing it, you can come to Nanjing for a meeting. At the same time, Lao Jiang also released a big bait, saying that he was really bad in the past and only wanted to do it alone. Now he must change his method, so he is going to take you three heroes, Wang Husun, together pull in. Including himself, the four people are divided into four positions, namely the Chairman of the National Government, the Executive Yuan, the Legislative Yuan, and the Supervisory Yuan. Lao Jiang said that if he didn't step down, he would take the youngest position, that is, the position of supervisory chief.Others, you divide among yourself. Too tempting, but also too fake. For a person with Lao Jiang's character, is he willing to be subordinate to others?Let him be a nominal supervisory chief, it would be better to choose to step down. In fact, there is an allusion to this move of his, which is called: Two peaches kill three soldiers. Sure enough, Lao Wang couldn't hold back when he heard it. He immediately sent a telegram to Hu Hanmin and Sun Ke in Guangzhou, repeating Lao Jiang's words in his own way: Lao Jiang himself promised that if the First Plenary Session of the First Central Committee is held, you will be the chairman of the government, and you, Xiao Sun As the executive dean, I am the legislative dean. The question now is, can your Guangzhou Big Four still open? ("Is it possible to save everything?") If it can still be determined, then quickly find out the results and elect a representative.If not, the two of you come over by yourself. If you are not involved in politics, or if you are a layman in politics, then you may be moved by Lao Wang's words and deeds: You are really loyal, let others take the lead, step back, and don't forget to inform your buddies. In fact, it is not true.Lao Wang is doing this to vaccinate Hu and Sun. It means that I have told you about this matter. According to Hu Hanmin's mediation plan, the Guangzhou Four Congresses should elect 24 members of the Central Committee, the Guangzhou side should select 14 members first, and the other 10 members should be selected from among the 200 delegates who had gone to Shanghai (Wang Jingwei had already recruited all these delegates) to Shanghai). The problem lies in these representatives from Shanghai. They are all in Shanghai. How can Guangzhou choose the law?At that time, there was no video conferencing, and a large screen was placed on each side, and both sides could see each other, so the only way was to wait for Wang to send representatives back to Guangzhou. And if the meeting did not come to fruition, Hu and Sun would naturally not be able to leave Guangzhou for a meeting in Nanjing, so he and Wang would be the only ones who could go there. As the saying goes: I want to be a bitch, but I also want to set up a torii. After all, the words "never enter Beijing" and "go to the national crisis together" are all superficial words. If you want to be an official, you must be a high-ranking official. What makes people laugh and cry is that Hu Hanmin and Sun Ke took it seriously, talking nonsense while desperately speeding up the progress of the meeting. I can only lament that the temptation to be an official is too great. After two days of rushing, all 14 committee members have been elected, and when the representatives from Shanghai arrive in Guangzhou, the list of 24 members will be released. Immediately, the Guangzhou side sent a telegram, telling Wang Jingwei that the Guangzhou Four Congresses would be successfully concluded in the near future ("there is a remedy"), and he hoped that he would call the representatives from Shanghai to return to Guangzhou for a meeting ("return to Guangdong for a meeting immediately") so that the remaining 10 people are selected. The efficiency of Guangzhou was so fast suddenly, which surprised Lao Wang. Originally counting on the failure of the four major Guangzhou performances, but now they are very likely to be brought back to life.In this case, not only would it be impossible to abandon Husun ​​and go to Beijing, but even the number of representatives would be at a disadvantage (there are not many Wang faction representatives in Guangzhou). People are in a hurry, and they can think of any tricks. Simply, I will also open a big four. Lao Wang has always been an impulsive player.He did what he said, and immediately opened a Kuomintang Big Four in the Shanghai Great World Amusement Park. The meeting lasted half a day, from the opening to the closing, a total of 5 hours.Such a short congress can be included in the Guinness Book of Records, and it really matches the atmosphere of the Great World Playground. There was only one agenda item for the meeting, which was to elect the 10 committee members, and the key point was to push the Wang faction representatives to the top. After the meeting was over, Lao Wang reported the list to the Guangzhou Fourth Four, put it on record, and ended the meeting. A National Congress of the Kuomintang held three meetings in three places. This is an anecdote that has never been seen in the history of Chinese and foreign parties, especially the Shanghai Four, which has been spread as a joke.Wang Jingwei's reputation in the party, which was already not very good, also plummeted again ("Jingwei's reputation has also suffered a lot"). The Guangzhou side vetoed the election results of the Shanghai Four as a matter of course, and Lao Wang in Shanghai did not sell Guangzhou's account.The two sides dismantled each other and made a lot of trouble. So far, Lao Jiang finally achieved his goal of uniting Wang and denouncing Hu, and fully divided the anti-Chiang factions and forces within the Kuomintang. On December 15th in the 20th year of the Republic of China (1931), Lao Jiang had to announce his official resignation from the posts of Chairman of the Nanjing Government, Chief Executive, and Chairman of the Military Commission, which was the second time in history that he stepped down. However, he is not a loser. Although he temporarily lost the scepter of the first person, after taking over the military power at this time, he also began to have the initiative in the Kuomintang. Wang Jingwei, Hu Hanmin, and Sun Ke, these three pairs of chopsticks can no longer hold tightly together.From now on, as long as Lao Jiang is willing, he can easily break them one by one. When Sun Ke ascended the throne, no matter how many difficulties there were, Wang Hu would not help him; when Wang Jingwei entered the cabinet, no matter how many appeals he had, Hu Sun just ignored it. They can only revolve around one person, and that is Lao Jiang. A week later, on December 22, the First Plenary Session of the Fourth Central Committee of the Kuomintang was held in Nanjing. Although Lao Jiang had already resigned, under the premise that Guangzhou had strongly opposed it, all 10 members of the Central Committee of the Shanghai Fourth Congress were miraculously approved. Whose power is at work is already self-evident. Although Lao Wang acted hesitantly, he was definitely a smart man.He realized that the resignation of the most powerful man in the army was only temporary, and it would not take long for him to come back for sure. It was impossible to leave him outside. There was only one way for him to gain a foothold in the political arena in the future, and that was Jiang Wang cooperated. Now is just the time to leave a favor to the other party. 因此他马上说自己病了，滞留在了上海。 胡汉民在香港，这老头子如今的最大人生目标就是反蒋，现在他已经跟广州的陈济棠混得很熟了。接下来，他认为谁做领导人都无所谓，只要不让姓蒋的翻身就可以——都是政治老手，他自然也能看出老蒋所谓的下野不过是蜇伏而已。 他要和陈济棠合作，在两广继续保持一个半独立的反蒋局面，南京自然不会来了。 三者去二，孙科如愿以偿地走马上任，担任了行政院院长。 选举结果，林森为国民政府主席，但根据全会决议，这个所谓的元首已“不负政治责任”，所以政府实际为孙科主持。 孙科当家起初是颇想有一番作为的。 这位小兄弟头上的光环很亮，虽然年纪轻轻，却颇有乃父之志。但他没想到的是，这个家竟会如此难当，以至于令其后悔不迭，骑虎难下。 举行就职仪式的时候，就遇到了没人捧场的尴尬场面。说好9点钟开始，因为到的人实在太少，一直到12点半，吃中饭的时间都过了，才勉勉强强找来人算是把仪式给交代了。 国人是很迷信的，哪怕是新社会新朝代，所以当时就有人认为这不是一个好兆头（“朝仪不整，式微之兆见矣”）。 等到孙科正式开始治国理政，面前马上冲过来两只拦路虎，一个叫外交，一个叫财政。 外交很难搞。国联交涉的努力，始终未能阻止关东军步步逼近，而政府又在派兵抵抗的问题上表现软弱，与新政府一上来“积极抗日”的口号形成了鲜明而极具讽剌意义的对比。 应该说，这还不是最让他头疼的，最头疼的是财政问题。 财政无办法，成了孙科内阁最大的软肋。 孙科执政后，各地诸侯纷纷来了个客大欺主，根本不把中央当中央，突出的表现就是截留税款。 两广，中央从来没有实际控制过，他们旧的税没还，新的税也不打算交，坚决把赖皮进行到底，俨然两个自征自用的独立王国。 华北，因为东北军已经失去了东三省，呼拉拉一大家子需要养活，生活费全从那里面来，自己还不够用呢，哪能再交给你。 以上这几个，老蒋在时就是这种样子，不说也罢，但下面这些却都是新冒出来的。 湖北，中央实际控制区域，何成浚当家，有较丰厚的江汉关税，不交。 山东，也是中央的地盘，韩复榘在那里，按说该交国税，不交。 福建，不交。 ... 这么说吧，大家都认为，谁给孙科新政府交税，只有一种可能，那就是脑子一定缺氧了。 能做到封疆大吏，就没脑子真不好使的，所以一个月下来，孙科仍然两手空空，愣是没从地方收到过一个子。 这样不行，别等人家来催，自己就先拿根绳子吊死算了。 幸好，有帮忙的来了。 此人就是陈铭枢。 说起来，陈铭枢还是很有点水平的，能文能武，军政两栖，既善抓军队又会搞政治，能力那是没得说，这样的人，老蒋当然得用。实际上，直到老蒋下野前夕，他还被用来秘密拉拢汪精卫，而且取得了不错的成效。 让陈铭枢没想到的是，拉了半天，等于白拉——老蒋竟然最后还是辞职下野了。 老蒋这样的人，城府极深，对身边的人也是如此。虽然下野前埋下了伏笔，但没有十足把握，他可不会随便向你透出一星半点要复出的意思。 不仅如此，老蒋在启程回老家浙江奉化“入山静养”前，还特地给孙科等人留了封信，让这些人电报都不要给他发一个，说就是发了，他也不拆不看（“请勿有函电来往，即有函电，弟亦不能拆阅也”），一副从此隐居深山，不问世事的模样。 不知道是不是由于信息不对称的缘故，曾经作为小弟的陈铭枢还真信了，相信老蒋再也不会回来了。 老蒋要“隐居”，他可想留下来干点事，自此便转而跟了孙科。 对于孙科而言，陈铭枢最有价值的地方，还在于他手中掌握着一支军队——19路军。因此后者一过来，就被委以重任，让他担任了行政院副院长，做自己的左右手，而也正是由于这层关系，19路军才得以从江西“剿匪”战场调回，拱卫南京。 现在面对收不上税这个难题，两人一商量，如果长此以往，政府将坐吃山空，这哪行啊，便从19路军中抽出一部分去卫戍上海。 效果立竿见影，当月就收到了上海方面的关税和地方税，一共700万。 可这并不能完全解决问题。 不看不知道，一看吓一跳，孙科在当家后才明白，原来政府风风光光的背后，是一个穷得底朝天的国库，平时就靠寅吃卯粮，前面收上来，后面甩手就要用出去。 如此，就算你只想简简单单地过个日子，这700万也是根本不够的。 what to do? 得找会理财善理财的财神爷。 民国财神爷，首推财政部长宋子文。 但宋子文却拒绝与孙科合作。 民国二十年（1931年）12月21日，即老蒋下野的第6天，他便递交了辞呈，让孙科“另简贤能”，然后便拍屁股走路了。 走之前，他还签了个字，从国库里提出剩下的2000万，一家伙把拖欠大家的军费、办公费、工资全发了。 宋子文做了“好人”，孙科却变成了“恶人”，因为接下来，他再也发不出一分钱了。 这还不算，由于宋子文离职，几天之内还在政府内爆发了人事大地震：财政部内辞职的辞职，放假的放假，反正没有一个肯安心留下来办公的，完全处于瘫痪状态，被称为开“政府未有之先例”。 别的部不干活不要紧，财政部不干活就等于要了孙科的亲命，于是他赶紧另找人，这回找的是另一个财神爷——孔祥熙。 孔祥熙一开始听说要让他接替宋子文当财政部长，还是很乐意的，甚至专门让老婆用英文写了封信给孙科，意思就是答应了。可是第二天早上，他老婆又来了封信，这回还是用的英文（看看人家这派），不过意思却截然相反，竟然悔约了。 要说奇怪也不奇怪，从宋子文开始，这些事可都是有原因的，而所有这些原因又都可以归结到一个人身上——老蒋。 当初老蒋拼着命把孙科捧红，是希望对方在自己陷于困境的时候能助一臂之力，没想到孙科却反跑到对方阵营里去了，跟在胡汉民、汪精卫后面一个劲地逼他下台，这可把老蒋生生给气坏了，下野后也巴不得孙科内阁支撑不住早点滚蛋，从而让自己尽快重新上位。 在这种情况下，宋孔二人自然都不会也不敢站出来帮着孙科撑场面。 孙科病急乱投医，只好到其它部门去找财长人选。 可是这些部门也在发生“辞职潮”。比如另一个经济部门——铁道部，部长也辞了。孙科一看，不是还有一个次长吗，而且据他所知，此人还有点金融界从业的经历，于是二话不说，拉过来就准备拖到财政部去顶杠。 这个倒霉的次长叫黄汉梁，当时吓得脸色都变了，一个大男人，呜呜地就哭了起来，还一边哭一边请求孙院长饶了他（“痛哭陈辞”），直把财政部当成了阎王殿。 孙科已经被逼得没办法了，当然不答应：你说不想干就不干吗？dream! 黄汉梁万般无奈，只得怀着赴刑场一样的心情去赴任。 结果情况比他预想的还要糟，国库分文没有（宋子文拿去做了“人情”），逼债的倒有（每月光还上海银行就要几千万）。 下面得力的人则全跑光了——那都是宋子文的旧人马，特别是工资每月在500以上的，一个不剩，全辞了（这就是金领的好处，暂时不差钱，一旦宋复职，不仅可以再回来，还能加薪升职）。 民国以降，要评最弱内阁，孙科的草头班子绝对榜上有名，虽不一定能摘得魁首，至少候选资格是有的。当时的国民政府主席林森对孙科的窘情看在眼里，深表同情，谓之：焦头烂额。 焦头烂额，这就是关东军进攻锦州时南京政府的背景。 使人目瞪口呆的是，就在国难当头的那些日子里，一帮政客却还在蝇营狗苟，你争我夺，进行激烈的内部权斗，全不顾及大好河山正遭异族入侵。 作为弱势政府的领导人，孙科自顾尚且不暇，又有何能力调动部队去东北与关东军进行作战。 锦州告急的时候，他也确实开了会，讨论增援问题。 但会开了大半天，仍然毫无结果，并无一兵一卒北上赴援。 孙中山是“知难行易”的倡导者，他的公子却着着实实地尝到了“知易行难”的苦头。 由于既得不到政府支援，又担心被日军从塘沽或秦皇岛登陆切断退路，民国二十年（1931年）12月29日，锦州地区的东北军开始向关内撤退。 然而故土之恋，人皆有之。很多老兵为此失声痛哭，不忍离去。 一切似乎都已经在预示着，从此将与东北永绝矣。 果真，他们中的大多数人最后都没能再返家园。 每当午夜梦回，永远失落的是那个种满大豆和高梁的地方。 别了，美丽的松花江。 别了，那无尽的宝藏。 别了，我无助的同胞和衰老的爹娘。 44个军用专列，满载10多万东北军士兵，由锦州不停地驶向170公里以外的山海关。由于军列来去过于频繁，甚至因此引起了日军的高度紧张和戒备，还以为是从关内调来对付他们的中国军队。 由于分驻锦州各地，用了一周时间，才全部运完。 一千多年前，一位美丽的女子曾在后宫发出过泣血的哀叹：十四万人齐解甲，更无一个是男儿。 她叫花蕊夫人，是五代后蜀人，这句叹息被她写在了《述亡国诗》中。 民国二十一年（1932年）1月3日，嘉村旅团前锋数百人越过大凌河。 河面已经结上了厚厚一层冰，但他们根本就不需要再踩着冰面跑过来，因为大凌河上有守军来不及破坏的铁桥。 过了大凌河，很快就兵临锦州城下。 到了这里，日军已再不抱任何幻想。他们很清楚，在这里迎接他们的，必将是一场恶战血战大战。 覆尸满城，流血漂橹，几乎是一定的。 作为前锋，只能第一个在锦州城“玉碎”了。 但是谁也没有料到，重镇锦州，兵家必争之地，其实只是空城一座。 出现在这些远道之“客”眼前的是这样一幅场景：以锦州城为中心，周围呼拉拉铺开六里路（“蜿蜒如长蛇”），里三层外三层布满了坚固的防御工事，但是防守的人，一个也没有。 日军起初不能相信这一事实，等咬一咬舌头，确认这不是在做梦后，一个个欢呼雀跃，异常兴奋（“实愉快万分”）。他们谢天谢地谢天皇，甚至谢上了中国的孙子，认为自己正是孙子兵法中不战而屈人之兵的得益者。 连仗都不用打，就捞到了首功一件，这感觉当然就跟突然中了个百万大奖一样。 锦州，终于作为一座不设防的城市，被关东军兵不血刃地收入囊中。根据日方记载，当天的锦州，虽然天气晴朗，却狂风怒号，满天卷起黄色旋风，“令人惊心”。 我告诉你，那是我们的祖先在风中声声咆哮。 声势搞这么大，面对的却是一座空城，兴致勃勃赶来的各路鬼子也感觉很无聊。 除了第20师团（朝鲜龙山师团）、关东军飞行队侦察第8中队驻守锦州外，其余部队都各回原地驻防。 按照常理，既然东北军都已经撤走了，锦州日军的日子应该很好过。 朝鲜龙山师团原来常驻朝鲜，那个地方的“治安”，用他们的话来说，是糟透了。有时候大白天的，日本人都不敢一个人出门，唯恐一不小心被拖到角落里给剁了做成人肉叉烧包。 能够有机会跑到东北来透透气，散散心，放松一下心情，实在是件美事。 不过，他们很快就会发现，东北这疙瘩，也不是好呆的。 锦西葫芦岛，是东北军撤退关内的必经之地。龙山师团经过情报侦察，发现那里的东北公安总队也已经撤走了。 东北公安总队实际上是一支警察部队，而他们的头，就是那个后来跟小萝卜头关一块的黄显声。 提起这兄弟，可是铁骨铮铮的一条硬汉子。 黄显声是东北讲武堂出来的，跟张学良还是一个科：炮科。对讲武堂的同学，少帅自然要格外关照一些。先是让他入了自己的卫队旅，后来又任命他为奉天警察局长。 张少帅手下的官，以做一天和尚撞一天钟的居多。惟有这个黄显声，那是比较认真的。 当了警察头，他做的第一件事就是掀起缉毒风暴。 别的警察局长也不是不反“黄赌毒”，不过基本上是走过场，所谓人在官场，身不由己，一般都是你好我好大家好，不看僧面看佛面。 到了黄显声这里，只要你藏着毒，统统别想过。 如果光打苍蝇不打老虎，那就不叫黄铁汉了。在任期间，他不仅找过日本人的麻烦，就连热河省主席汤玉麟的私货也被他抄过。 照这个趋势发展下去，东北这块地面上，就没有谁他不敢惹的。少帅那是提早一步跑到北平去了，要不然被他抓住，没准发起性子来，也会被当作瘾君子给送到局子里去蹲两天。 “九一八”后，东北军奉“不抵抗政策”撤离东北。黄铁汉愤愤不平，就来了个无证上岗，带着手下的这帮警察兄弟和日本人干了起来。 不是说“绝对不抵抗”吗？那说是的军人，我是警察，凭什么不抵抗。 黄显声和他的东北公安总队是最后一个从锦西撤走的。他们都撤了。日本人就知道东北军警真是全撤到关内去了。 尽管如此，锦西还是要驻防的。 龙山师团命令混成第38旅团（依田旅团）出人。 旅团长依田少将把古贺传太郎大佐喊来，让他带着自己的骑兵第27联队（古贺联队）去锦西溜上一圈。 没什么仗要打，就当去郊外散心。 古贺这小子，虽然一直在朝鲜当差，对东北倒不陌生。早在日俄战争时，他就到沈阳搞过侦察。 不过这段经历绝对很惨，因为他不幸被老毛子抓住了。 当然最后又逃了出来，但东方不是西方，做过俘虏那是很丢脸的一件事，影响仕途啊。 看看他的职务你就知道了，日俄战争都经历过，还只是当个小小的骑兵联队长，混得好是这副德性？ 说起来是一个骑兵联队，但由于是临时编组（就象第38旅团也是临时编成一样），庙大和尚少，把他自个加起来，超不过一百个人，只能勉强算一个中队。 混成这个样子，脸皮薄点的就不如拿块豆腐撞撞死算了，活着多丢人。 古贺不算脸皮薄的，他要把面子找回来。 就在这里，那个不用他费神打仗的锦西。 弱者面对更弱者，也可以当自己是强者。 他并没有带部队直接进入锦西，而是在走到锦西县城不远的地方停了下来。 叫来翻译：你去，让锦西的文武百官排着队来迎接我。 翻译觉得这是一个不大可能完成的任务。 东北军都撤了，县里的那帮老少爷们还能定定心心在城里等您老人家露面？ 可古贺联队长的话也不能不听，当下只好硬着头皮进城了。 一进城，放心了。 县太爷真没走。 锦西县长张国栋听了翻译的传话，连连点头，急忙找人准备欢迎仪式去了。 翻译觉得联队长的话很神，其实张县长是有苦说不出。 能跑，我还不早