Chapter 10 Chapter IX League of Nations Diplomacy

The "September 18th" incident put the Nanjing government in a difficult situation, and turned their hopes to the League of Nations diplomacy of "confronting power with justice and confronting barbarism with peace".On this stage of the highest level of international diplomacy, Chinese and Japanese diplomats began to battle wits. On the night of the "September 18th" Incident, Lao Jiang was still on the warship in Hukou, Jiangxi, busy commanding the "communist suppression". It was not until the next day when he disembarked from the ship that he received a telegram from Shanghai that something had happened in the Northeast.But the news from Shanghai was quoted from the news from Tokyo.It only said that the Northeast Army destroyed the South-Manchuria Railway, and other details were unknown, so he didn't know that things would develop to such an unmanageable point.

At that time, he just hurriedly sent a telegram to Zhang Xueliang, not only asking for details, but also asking him to do a good job of publicity, especially to refute rumors. That means, even if you really did break the road, you can't admit it to death. After receiving Zhang Xueliang's reply, Lao Jiang realized that the incident in the Northeast was far beyond his imagination, and he couldn't help but gasped a few times. The Japanese really got their hands dirty. Some people say that Lao Jiang is a "pro-Japanese faction", but in fact this has greatly wronged him.If it is necessary to say who he kisses, it is more or less the same as classifying him in the "pro-American faction".

The "Chiang Kai-shek Diary" revealed later showed that not only was he not "pro-Japanese", but he was also very "evil Japan" from the heart. From that day on, he had to write two words in his diary every day: "Avenging Shame". But next to "revenge", there are three other words called "non-resistance". The reason why he told his younger brother Zhang Xueliang that he must insist on "non-resistance" in the face of Japanese provocations, and at the same time, he did not hinder the "non-resistance policy" was, on the one hand, related to his research and judgment on the strength of China and Japan at that time. If China and Japan formally go to war, China’s ending may be even worse than that of the Sino-Japanese War of 1894-1895. On the other hand, it comes from another policy led by him-"to fight against the outside world, we must first settle the inside."

This policy seems simple, but in fact it has different meanings in different periods.Until the Great War in the Central Plains, it was not Japan but the Soviet Union that Lao Jiang "repulsed" against the outside world. As for the "inside", even the Communist Party was not ranked first. ". Starting from the Wanbaoshan incident, he discovered that Japan was inciting an anti-China wave, and then gradually moved the "honorary title" of "fighting against foreign countries" to Japan. still occupies the most important position in my mind.It's just that more people entered the "Annei" list at this time. In addition to his political opponents in the Kuomintang, he added a more powerful opponent outside the party-the Workers' and Peasants' Red Army led by the Communist Party.

The Kuomintang failed to build a party and army, but the Communist Party established a real party and army in China.The Red Army does not love money, is not afraid of death, has doctrine, and has spirit, which has gradually become Lao Jiang's confidant.It is a clear proof that the Red Army could not be put out after several encirclement and suppression campaigns. In the eyes of Lao Jiang at the time, whether it was those who opposed him in the party or the "red disaster", they were all "disasters".If you want him to "fight against the outside world" with peace of mind, you must first let him "settle down the inside".

However, a sudden "September 18th" incident completely disrupted his steps.Both he and his cronies realized that this incident was "by no means comparable to the Jinan incident." Those days were really eventful for Lao Jiang. At home, he not only had to fight against the Red Army in Jiangxi, but also against Wang Jingwei's "Guangzhou Nationalist Government". After giving Shi Yousan's 500,000 in vain, Lao Wang recruited Sun Ke, the son of a revolutionary pioneer, to work together, and the momentum was compelling. In fact, Sun Gongzi was not very powerful in the Kuomintang, and was even called a "playboy" and "playboy" by some people.Being able to rise to the position so quickly is largely thanks to Lao Jiang.

Since Lao Jiang put Hu Hanmin under house arrest, he found that he was besieged on all sides within the party, and there were voices of opposition everywhere, so he improvised and pulled people everywhere.Although Sun Ke is tender, he has the halo of a great father shining behind him, so he has become the main target of Lao Jiang's wooing.This pull did not hold Sun Ke, but inadvertently boosted the opponent's political status. After being "fired", Sun Ke saw that there were too many people who opposed Lao Jiang, so he told Lao Jiang very cleverly, and took Lao Wang's boat instead.

Lao Jiang could not lose money by stealing chickens. When the "September 18th" incident broke out suddenly, the anti-Chiang factions were brightened, and they found a new banner, that is, resistance to Japan. You put all your energy on messing with us, and the Japanese can take advantage of it. Can you still say that you have no responsibility? Lao Jiang was in trouble at home and abroad, and his life was so sad and sad. Like Lao Jiang, Japanese Prime Minister Wakame was also very surprised by the "September 18th" incident. This morning, Prime Minister Wakame received a call from Minister of War Nanjiro.

Nanjiro reported to him a news that was enough to make his scalp swell: Last night, the Kwantung Army fought with China's Northeast Army and has now occupied Shenyang. According to the report of the Kwantung Army, it was the Northeast Army who made the first move. Knowing that the situation was serious, Wakaku immediately convened a temporary cabinet meeting, determined the policy of not expanding the situation, and asked Nanjiro to issue relevant instructions to the Kwantung Army. Nanjiro issued an instruction in the name of the Ministry of Army, ordering the Kwantung Army to stop marching immediately.

No one paid him any attention. Even if a stone is thrown into the river, there will be waves coming out. In desperation, Nanjiro suddenly thought of Jianchuan who was sent to do ideological work. What does this guy eat?where is he? Jianchuan people are located in Shenyang.Now he is sober. As for whether he was really drunk last night, no one can tell. All I know is that this man's father is said to be an archmage, he can draw amulets and chant spells with his hands, and he is an expert in superstition and fraud. With this bit of genetics, I wouldn't believe it if he was pretending to be drunk.

When you wake up, you have to do your work, otherwise you won't be able to go back to work. When I asked, it turned out that the incident was over, and even Shenyang was captured. Just what I want. However, in order to take into account the purpose and identity of his trip, Jianchuan still pretended to have a few words with Ishihara, and then he had completed the task and boarded the plane back to Tokyo for business. Nanjiro entrusted someone to be regarded as entrusting Uncle Wang. If you don't support it, the military supports it. Just when Ruomu was pulling his useless Prime Minister Lu and trying to persuade the Kwantung Army to stop, an emergency meeting was held within the military headquarters to discuss the same content.The results of the meeting were quite different. Not only did it believe that the Kwantung Army's "military action is appropriate", but it also decided to continue to increase troops to the Northeast. At the same time, Ruomu also received a piece of news that made him dizzy even more: the Japanese troops stationed in North Korea had crossed Yaluhong and entered the northeast territory without receiving any official orders at all. For such a reckless move that is similar to "rebels" and is likely to cause loss of points internationally, the Prime Minister of the Cabinet didn't even get the face of notifying him. Ruo Lu rolled his eyes in anger, but he was helpless. The reason why the cabinet did not agree to make matters in Northeast China big is of course not for the sake of the Chinese, but for their own country. Because the situation in Japan was really bad at that time, and the economy was in a state of distress after the "Showa Panic". In some places, the same situation as in neighboring China appeared: starving to death was a common occurrence, and buying and selling children became a problem. uprising industry. There are already many internal crises. If they are isolated by the international community, the consequences will be extremely serious-there is no food, no way to live; no raw materials, no way to engage in industry. It doesn't want nothing, even from its impoverished neighbor, China. Because Japan's only advantage is to produce and export goods, and China is one of its big customers. If you offend this big customer, no matter how good your product is, who will you sell it to? In Ruoku's view, the Kwantung Army's actions in the Northeast are not worth the loss, and it is tantamount to letting Japan's other foot fall into the mud. But there is no way to say these things. To say it is "weak and incompetent."What's more, just to say it, the military department and the Kwantung Army will only treat you as farting, and even draw their swords at each other when they get tired of hearing it. All walks of life in Japan have also turned pressure on the government into a trend. In this world, it is not only Chinese students who engage in patriotic movements, but also Japanese students. After the "September 18th" incident, they also held banners, shouted slogans, and held "patriotic demonstrations." While rejoicing for the "heroic deeds" of the Kwantung Army, the Japanese cynics organized donation performances to comfort the "massive patriotic soldiers" on the Northeast front. Japanese media also fully supported the Kwantung Army, praising the Kwantung Army's actions as "patriotic acts" while accusing the government of implementing "weak" policies. After the end of World War II, facing the bitter fruit of defeat, many Japanese historians admitted that the public opinion at that time should bear considerable responsibility for instigating the war. Under tremendous pressure, if the Ruomu cabinet did not want to be fired by the voters in advance, it could only sing a tune with the military department, praising the Kwantung Army for its "loyalty and bravery" and "brilliant achievements in battle", and "praise the meritorious ministers". " and the reward: As the "chief planner" and chief hero, Ishihara Wanji was promoted from Lieutenant to Colonel in the second year, and later was promoted to Chief of the War Guidance Section of the General Staff Headquarters, and concurrently served as Chief of Operations Section of the Operations Department. Itagaki was later promoted to major general and served as chief of staff of the Kwantung Army. The two men became Japan's "battle heroes" because of their successful planning of the "Manchuria Incident". Even Honjo Shigeru, the commander of the Kwantung Army who didn't know anything about it beforehand and rushed into battle afterwards, got enough credit. Not only was he promoted to a general in the future, but he also squeezed into the emperor's side and became the emperor's military attache. Others are also promoted to rank, chickens and dogs ascend to heaven. Hearing the news of the "September 18th" Incident, public opinion in China has exploded. National flags were flown at half-mast and entertainment was stopped (the last time I remember, it seemed that the old man Cixi passed away with Guangxu).Large-scale anti-Japanese demonstrations were held in various places, unanimously demanding that the government declare war on Japan and implement economic ties with Japan. Since it was a matter of diplomacy, the Ministry of Foreign Affairs was of course the first target to be attacked, and even "revolutionary diplomats" were also in trouble. The students rushed into the office of the Minister of Foreign Affairs and without further ado, threw a bottle of red ink on the head of Minister Wang Zhengting. Minister Wang's head was bleeding immediately, his forehead was criss-crossed, and he couldn't tell whether it was blood or ink. The wound hurts, but his heart may hurt even more. This is what happened to him. What happened to a diplomat who tried his best to promote "revolutionary diplomacy". The end of a talented person who desperately fought for the rights and interests of his mother country under the background of a weak country, and made China recognized by Western powers such as Britain, the United States, Germany and Italy. The fate of a brave man who was not afraid of hardships and dangers, dared to make solemn representations to the Japanese government, and was determined to regain the sovereignty of the Northeast. Now, he's getting all his rewards. Insulting, attacking, beating, from mental to physical, all over the body (three serious injuries, severe knee fracture), almost crippled. The sky, the earth, who can testify to me, this innocent heart. On September 30, the 20th year of the Republic of China (1931), Foreign Minister Wang Zhengting sadly resigned. He used to be full of pride.But history played a big joke with him. After a full circle, he seemed to have returned to the extremely depressing scene of the Paris Peace Conference. Weak countries have no diplomacy. Is this really an iron rule that can never be broken? The diplomatic genius Gu Weijun worked hard for this, and the revolutionary diplomat Wang Zhengting also worked hard for this, but in the end they still had to choose almost the same fate.That is: out! Seeing that the Nanjing government was in trouble, the Guangzhou government found that it had picked up a treasure. Performing a patriotic show in front of the newspapers and petitioning students is naturally a forte of the smooth-talking Wang Jingwei. While taking the opportunity to massacre Chiang Kai-shek as "undemocratic" and "non-resistance", he raised his arms and shouted, claiming that he would "not back down at a minimum". He was asked to go to Nanjing to preside over the anti-Japanese plan. In order to restore the influence and not be overwhelmed by the biggest opposition in the party in Guangzhou, Lao Jiang held an emergency meeting and decided to suspend the "mutual crusade" with the Guangzhou government, diverting domestic public opinion that he was keen on internal fighting. But at the same time, the Nanjing government still emphasized the need to continue to "confront power with justice, and confront barbarism with peace." Its foreign policy is still non-resistance, but there are a few more words, which are: non-resistance in military affairs, and non-submission in diplomacy. If you want not to give in, you have to find a place to reason.League of Nations, wait for it to say a few words of justice to us. At the mention of the League of Nations, I'm sure most people would scoff.Because the League of Nations we usually think of is a puppet manipulated by Britain and France, an international softie who can't do anything. However, history tells us: this is not the whole truth. Yes, the League of Nations has no armed forces, lacks permanent organizations, resolutions must be unanimously passed by all members to be effective, and is slow to respond to international affairs.These are its defects, but also an important reason for the final disintegration of the League of Nations. The problem is that, so far, no international institution has dared to claim perfection. Isn't even the United Nations called for reform? The fact is that the League of Nations played such a big role at that time that no country dared to bypass the League of Nations casually and take its Yangguan Road or single-plank bridge. For most countries at that time, the League of Nations was the representative of international law and order, and people listened to what they said. And before this, there have indeed been successful solutions.For example, Bulgaria and Greece in Europe once fought inextricably over territorial disputes. The League of Nations talked to both sides, first asked them to cease fire and withdraw their troops, then mediate and arbitrate, and finally settled the matter. If it is wrong to say that we are implementing a policy of "non-resistance" in the Northeast, then at least we must be right in asking the League of Nations for help. It would be foolish not to find the League of Nations. On September 21, the 20th year of the Republic of China (1931), three days after the "September 18th" Incident, the Chinese government, on behalf of Shi Zhaoji, formally lodged a complaint with the League of Nations. As a southern diplomat in the prime of his life, Shi Zhaoji is almost a copy of Wang Zhengting. The two are from the same hometown in Zhejiang, but Shi seems to be more enthusiastic about taking books. He was not satisfied with a Master of Arts in the United States, and went on to study for a Doctor of Philosophy. Shi Zhaoji is five years older than Wang Zhengting, and has rich life experiences. In the early years, he worked as an English secretary for Zhang Zhidong. Speaking of which, Master Zhang is also related to the Anti-Japanese War.Back then, he single-handedly created the largest arsenal in China - the Hanyang arsenal.This arsenal introduced advanced equipment from Germany at the same time, specializing in the production of a rifle.This kind of rifle is very famous, and it was still widely used by the Chinese army until the Anti-Japanese War. By the way, this is made in Hanyang. Thinking about it, I am a little scared. If the ancestors of the late Qing Dynasty did not provide us with Hanyang products, it is hard to say how the Anti-Japanese War would have been. Among Zhang Zhidong's secretaries is a more famous person: Gu Hongming, a master of Chinese studies with braids. Gu Hongming has a famous saying: The braids on my head are tangible, but the braids in your hearts are invisible. This sentence alone makes me admire Master Gu. If you can hang out with Gu Hongming, you can't fool him without two brushes. People at the time commented on Shi Zhaoji that he never panicked or flustered when encountering major events, and his face did not change color even though Mount Tai collapsed in front of him. Facing the menacing foreign invaders, how will this master of Chinese diplomacy, who was the first to appear on the stage after September 18th, behave? Several of the five Chinese plenipotentiaries who participated in the Paris Peace Conference were first-class diplomats who would be able to carry the top in China's diplomatic circles in the future. In addition to Gu Weijun and Wang Zhengting, there is another one, Shi Zhaoji. Note that the above three are all human spirits, and not ordinary human spirits. Why do you say that? Because international diplomacy is really a difficult and complicated subject. Loving the motherland and the people, being able to speak foreign languages ​​better than Chinese, being able to speak well, these are the necessary conditions for becoming an excellent diplomat. But not enough. You must also, like a jurist, know the international rules well and be able to use them for me. Before appealing, Shi Zhaoji carefully studied the basic law of the League of Nations, the League of Nations Covenant, and referred to the cases of Greece and Bulgaria, thus formulating his own appeal strategy. In the complaint, he did not first talk about the responsibilities of both parties, nor did he ask for sanctions against Japan. Instead, he asked the League of Nations Council to intervene in accordance with Article 11 of the "League of Nations Covenant." The strategy is very simple, put aside who is right and wrong first, the most important thing now is not only that you can no longer attack other places, but also return to the state before the incident, and at the same time, you must first determine how much you should pay me. As for the issue of responsibility, there is plenty of time to settle with you slowly. This is how the conflict between Greece and Bulgaria was resolved in the past. The Japanese side is a little nervous. After all, it is still in awe of the League of Nations. Knowing that this international adjudication body is not a rubber stamp at home, it can cover it however it wants. Foreign Minister Coin Yuan personally came to the League of Nations headquarters in Geneva to oversee the formation. At first, Japan was unwilling to refer the conflict to the League of Nations or a third country for mediation, and advocated direct negotiations between China and Japan. Shi Zhaoji is a sensible person and has never seen anything before.In the "Middle East Road Incident" that year, the local authorities in Northeast China suffered from the so-called "direct negotiation". So he immediately refused, insisting that this matter must be settled by the League of Nations, and expressed his willingness to accept any results of the League of Nations. The Japanese had no choice but to agree to hold a debate with the Chinese representatives in Geneva. Shi Zhaoji was the affirmative debater, and the topic he raised was to insist on the solemn requirements in the complaint. The opposing debater is Yoshizawa Kenkichi, Japan's representative to the League of Nations. This brother is also a veteran in the diplomatic circles. He has been a minister to China for many years and has dealt with Zhang Zuolin. He can also be ranked among the so-called "China Hands".In addition, his father-in-law is well-known, he is the leader of the Political Friends Association, and Inuyang Takeshi who later formed a cabinet as the prime minister. In his speech, Fangze naturally wanted to help the Kwantung Army protect the calf first, and brought up the situation at Liutiao Lake that night, and kept saying that China was at fault first. However, because Shi Zhaoji evaded the responsibility of both parties in the complaint, his punch was considered to be on the cotton, which was soft and did not have any practical effect. Seeing the indifferent expressions of the representatives, Fangze quickly changed his tactics and began to sympathize again. He swore to God that Japan had never had any ill intentions against the Northeast. If the overseas Chinese are safe, they will withdraw their troops. The final conclusion is: our army is completely a righteous army, a mighty army, and an army that punishes evil and promotes good, and sending troops is completely unavoidable. Shi Zhaoji immediately grasped the flaws of the opposing debaters, pointing out that there was no principle of sending troops to protect overseas Chinese in the "League of Nations Treaty", and Japan's "self-defense" was purely improper. Fang Ze was speechless for a moment. Since international law does not allow it, what does it matter if your troops still rely on others? Moreover, Shi Zhaoji also promised that as long as Japan agrees to withdraw its troops, China will definitely protect the safety of Japanese overseas Chinese. There is nothing to argue about. Under Shi Zhaoji's strong request, the Council of the League of Nations passed a resolution requiring the Japanese government to withdraw its troops from the Northeast occupied area before October 16 and return to the state before the incident. Yoshizawa accepted it on behalf of the Japanese government. This round, Zhengfang wins. It should be said that if Japan can really act in accordance with the resolution, the "September 18th" incident is not absolutely impossible to resolve peacefully. However, if you ask the madmen of the military department and the Kwantung Army, who is willing? Withdrawing the troops is tantamount to asking them to spit out the fat in their mouths again. These short-sighted guys (including the so-called only strategist Shi Yuan) will give up their lives and refuse to do it. Direct occupation is not enough, they will think of other ways. The day after China appealed to the League of Nations, the Kwantung Army held a secret meeting. The meeting was presided over by the Chief of Staff of the Kwantung Army, and the so-called "Three Heroes of the Kwantung Army" were all present. There was an "army celebration" outside, but the atmosphere in the venue was a little dull. The reason was that Tokyo sent a telegram expressing its opposition to the Kwantung Army's continued expansion of the situation. Itagaki and Ishihara's original idea was to adopt the same model as North Korea and Taiwan, and simply turn the Northeast into Japan's first province. But the telegram gave each of them a sap in the head. This way is dead. Everyone turned their attention to the "Bandit Yuan". Although this person didn't have much strategic foresight, when it came to bad ideas, he was full of pretense and was almost out of water. Doihara has just been appointed as the interim mayor of Shenyang to help the Kwantung Army clean up the mess. This "local mayor" is indeed an old-fashioned "China hand". As soon as he took office, he implemented the strategy of "using China to control China". More than 4,000 patrolmen are responsible for patrolling and maintaining law and order. With him doing this, the originally chaotic streets of Shenyang began to restore temporary calm. Perhaps it was the "successful experience" of governing Shenyang that inspired Doihara.With an idea, he proposed to devote himself to supporting a "Manchuria" "headed by Emperor Xuantong, including the four northeastern provinces and Mongolia". Naturally, although this country is nominally independent, Japan must be in charge of national defense and diplomacy. Participants agreed that this plan was very good. For these military madmen, it was not easy to go from "self-occupation" to "establishment of Manchukuo", and they were already forced to take a big step back from their original position. Therefore, the final plan still has such Japanese-style sensational language: (we) retreated to the Manchurian and Mongolian independent state case with tears in our eyes. The "Tears in Earth" sent this carefully concocted "Manchuria Independence Movement" plan to Tokyo in the form of the opinion of the Kwantung Army, which was approved by the military department. The government cabinet was routinely sidelined.When Prime Minister Ruomu knew about this situation, he immediately realized that the Kwantung Army was playing tricks again.If it goes on like this, Japan will really be criticized by everyone and become an international orphan. But as the prime minister who is under one man and over ten thousand people, he can't control those soldiers in a daze. I had no choice but to go to that Nanjiro again and ask him to send a report to the commander of the Kwantung Army, strictly prohibiting any Kwantung Army officers and soldiers from participating in the "Manchuria Independence Movement." After receiving the telegram sent by Nanjiro himself, the staff officer of the headquarters seemed to feel uncomfortable, so he took out the telegram and threw it aside. As a result, as the commander of the Kwantung Army, Fan Zhuang had never seen such an important telegram! A small staff officer dared to throw away the telegram sent to the commander by a high-ranking government official because he was unhappy, which can be regarded as the pinnacle of unorganized and undisciplined work in the army. The resolution of the League of Nations, as time ticks, will expire in a blink of an eye. But the Japanese army did not withdraw. Not only did they not withdraw their troops, they also sent planes to bomb Jinzhou, which was far away from the incident site, changing the "non-expansion" promised by the Japanese government into "expansion". At the request of Chinese representative Shi Zhaoji, the Council of the League of Nations held a special meeting to discuss the latest situation in Northeast China. This time, Shi Zhaoji made up his mind to make Japan arouse the public indignation of all countries. In addition to angrily condemning Japan's dishonesty, he also pointed out in his speech that Japan's move has trampled on the two most important international laws today - the "Convention of the League of Nations" and the "Abolition of War". He shouted loudly that the two covenants are like two iron anchors, and countries in the world are like ships, and ships must have iron anchors to move forward and backward freely.Therefore, no country can stay out of this matter, otherwise, "the building of world peace will be destroyed." Shi Zhaoji's speech immediately won the approval and resonance of the representatives present. To be honest, when I came into contact with this historical material, I was also deeply moved.I have to say, the batch of Chinese diplomats in the last century was really not simple, their level was just up to now, you can’t help but be amazed. Yoshizawa, the representative of Japan, who is the opposing opponent, has poor words and can only parry, but has no power to fight back. Or read the ready-made, so he pulled out a long prepared statement and read it, which was basically scripted and sleepy.In the statement, there was no legitimate reason why the Japanese army could not withdraw for a long time. The only excuse was that they were worried about the safety of Japanese overseas Chinese, so they could not withdraw for a while. Shi Zhaoji seized the opportunity and immediately asked: The representative of the other party, you keep saying that you want to withdraw, why do you want to bomb Jinzhou and expand the situation? Fang Ze was stunned.Because this brother is not a quick-witted player. It's almost the same after reading the pre-written statement. If you want him to answer such a difficult question within the specified time, you will be a little crazy. There is no ready answer. But with so many representatives from various countries watching, they couldn't just freeze on the spot. Fangze mobilized all his brain cells, and finally came up with a plausible answer: because the plane was a reconnaissance plane, it was fired from the ground, so it fought back. The question is normal, but the answer looks like a brain teaser. After hesitantly finishing his defense, Fangze could clearly feel the contemptuous and mocking eyes from all around him. The Japanese representative had to take out his handkerchief to wipe his sweat this time. The Council of the League of Nations once again proposed a draft resolution to push back the time for the withdrawal of Japanese troops to before November 16, and China is responsible for protecting the lives and properties of Japanese overseas Chinese. Chinese representative Shi Zhaoji agreed with the draft, but the withdrawal time was pushed too late, and he asked for a shorter time limit. Fangze desperately objected.This time he couldn't pat his chest like last time.Even the prime minister can't handle the Kwantung Army, so what kind of hero can he be. He disputed the timing of the troop withdrawal, neither saying it was too late nor too early.In fact he couldn't be sure at all. No one wants to listen to his nonsense anymore.The meeting voted, a total of 14 representatives, 13 votes in favor and 1 vote against.Voted to pass. The whole world understands that the one vote against was cast by the representative of Japan, Yoshizawa. It is worth noting that the United States, although not a member of the League of Nations, was invited to participate.In discussions and votes, the rising Western power clearly sided with China. All countries, big or small, strong or weak, have expressed their positions with the votes in their hands. Japan was isolated in the League of Nations. In the second round, Zhengfang also won. Faced with this wordless ending, Fangze was so anxious that he almost cried. My father-in-law, the work of diplomacy is really not done by humans. Compared with Shi Zhaoji, letting Fangze engage in diplomacy is really tantamount to making him suffer.Don't talk about him because of his poor eloquence. Anyway, most of the time, he just needs to read the script.The point is that his English pronunciation is not good enough, and he speaks vague Japanese English.The representatives of various countries and the journalists who attended the hearing were sometimes confused, and saw the lips of the short Japanese in front of them moving, but they didn't know what he was talking about. Fangze also knew that his English was poor and others couldn't understand her.Then let’s change to French, who knows that this French is not good enough, he can’t even remember the words, and often after finishing a word, he can’t remember what the next word is, so he has to think slowly.But everyone is waiting, and they can't say hello: Who knows how to pronounce this word, please remind me. So he had no choice but to hum while thinking, "Well, this one...that one..." Some representatives were impatient, and even wanted to throw an orange peel at him to "remind him".The reporter didn't care about this, and recorded the original text. Fangze's speech in the newspaper the next day turned into a full article of "Well, this...that...that...". After a long time, Fangze's speech at the League of Nations became the Japanese version of "Han Qiaosheng's Quotations". Readers couldn't eat without laughing at it. At this moment, Fangze, who was sitting in the representative position, was crying. He seemed to have a premonition that his diplomatic career was coming to an end. But hold on.A miracle is about to happen. Since not all the countries present at the meeting passed it (Japan did not pass it), this resolution is not legally binding! It's nonsensical.But that was stipulated in the "League of Nations Covenant" back then. Of all the defects of the League of Nations, this one is the most criticized.A detailed analysis is simply a super mentally handicapped rule. Since there is a verdict, someone must be punished, but you let the comrades who are punished obediently admit: I am guilty, I deserve to die... Isn't it Tianfang Yetan? Facts have proved that self-awareness is the least reliable thing. Some people want to say, don't the current permanent members of the United Nations also have the veto power? That's not the same. no the same. Because every member state of the League of Nations must agree to it, regardless of whether it is a big or small country, a strong country or a weak country (at that time, China could also be included in the list, which can be seen), but the United Nations only has fixed five big bosses. The United States, the Soviet Union, China, Britain and France, regardless of the number of people, this is the principle of unity of great powers.Generally speaking, major countries are able and dare to shoulder some international responsibilities.When encountering problems, as long as the big bosses have no objections, the decision can be passed, and with these big bosses as a guarantee, it is easier to implement the pass decision. This setting of the United Nations is therefore called the "safety valve". The League of Nations is a good man. It wants everyone to be a big boss, but the result is that no one can become a big boss, and it is commonplace for resolutions to fail. Later, the League of Nations could not go on, and the "pass by all" really became a fatal injury. Low level good luck.Seeing this result, Fangze burst into laughter. With a cheeky face, he once again asked for direct negotiations with China, but Shi Zhaoji categorically refused, saying that as long as the Northeast territory is occupied, this is absolutely impossible.