Chapter 7 Chapter 6: Beacon Fire Middle East Road

"Revolutionary diplomacy" is surging, and Zhang Xueliang is also planning to take back the right to the Middle East, but the complexity of the matter is far beyond his imagination.The Sino-Soviet war finally broke out. In the most tragic battle in the history of the Northeast Army, who changed the situation of the battle, and what epic stories happened? With the victory of the Northern Expedition and the change of flag in the northeast, the Kuomintang can be regarded as temporarily sitting in the world.The Nanjing government is very high-spirited and has made great achievements in diplomacy.

Since the Opium War in the late Qing Dynasty, the Chinese have understood the profound meaning of a sentence. That is: weak countries have no diplomacy. Although weak countries have no diplomacy, weak countries never lack the best diplomats.This is like a weak national football team. Since the team's offense is weak, it can only rely on the help of an excellent goalkeeper to try to prevent others from scoring two goals. Wang Zhengting, a master's student at Yale University in the United States, majored in law, and was then Minister of Foreign Affairs of the Nanjing Government. At the Paris Peace Conference that year, Wang Zhengting was one of the witnesses.

At that time, he was still a junior in his forties, and he was the representative of the South in the five-member Chinese delegation.While attending the peace conference, I was suddenly notified that Japan was the first to propose that Germany's rights in Shandong should be directly inherited by Japan. The incident happened suddenly, and the Chinese delegation was in a hurry. After urgent consultations, it was decided that Gu Weijun, a representative from the North, would temporarily replace Wang Zhengting to attend the meeting and defend. Like Wang Zhengting, Gu Weijun is also a "sea turtle". He has a doctorate degree from Columbia University, and his American teacher once served as the US Assistant Secretary of State.

Gu Weijun was ordered in the face of danger, eloquently eloquent in the Palace of Versailles, and he lost his temper when he spoke in a daze. This is the first time that a Chinese representative has successfully justified the name of his motherland on an international forum.Known as the "Diplomatic Wizard", Gu Weijun has since been well-known both at home and abroad. As a representative of the South, Wang Zhengting and Gu Weijun were at odds with each other, and the two sides also secretly competed for the order of attending the peace conference. But at this moment, he was amazed.

He finally realized the true value of a Chinese diplomat. The Paris peace conference did not end satisfactorily at that time. Seeing that it was no match for the Chinese, Japan immediately acted coquettishly in front of everyone, claiming to withdraw from the peace conference.Once several big countries discuss it, they will offend anyone anyway, if the persimmons are weak, then sacrifice the interests of weak countries. Even though the Chinese representatives tried their best, they were still faced with the dark reality of "unconditionally accepting Japan's proposal".They had no choice but to angrily refuse to sign.

For the diplomat Wang Zhengting, the Paris Peace Conference was both a shame and an honor. He knows what he should do. After becoming Minister of Foreign Affairs of the Nanjing government, Wang Zhengting put forward a signature foreign policy, that is, revolutionary diplomacy.This foreign policy was supported by Chiang Kai-shek, the chairman of the national government and a powerful figure. It is necessary to mention that Minister Wang is from Fenghua, Zhejiang. He and Lao Jiang are fellow villagers who couldn't be closer, and Lao Jiang has always taken care of his fellow villagers. Revolutionary diplomacy sounds good, but it is difficult to negotiate in practice.

No matter how bad the original treaty was, it was written in black and white back then, and both you and I agreed to it.Oh, now that a new government has been established and the team has been reorganized, it's not easy to close your eyes as soon as you close your eyes.What's more, the so-called great powers are not fuel-efficient lamps, and they still think about finding something from you every day. Want to counterattack?There are no doors. Wang Zhengting had no choice but to grumble one by one.Negotiate with Japan first, discussing the issues of apology, compensation, punishment, and withdrawal of troops for the "Jinan tragedy". Unexpectedly, the Japanese beat him up, thinking that they had suffered even greater losses, and the Chinese side had to pay them if they wanted to pay. .The two sides quarreled endlessly, and finally had to shelve the dispute and leave it to the "field investigation" to discuss right and wrong. In fact, it was nothing.The only thing that went smoothly was the withdrawal of troops. By mid-May of the Eighteenth Kingdom of the Republic of China (1929), after all the Japanese troops had withdrawn, Shandong was handed over to the Chinese side for reception.

Then we talked with European and American countries such as Britain, France, and Germany.After all, Western gentlemen are different, and their quality is much higher than that of the yellow-skinned monkeys in Japan. The United States has set an example again, so everyone has signed "new tariff treaties" with China one by one, recognizing China's customs for the first time in history. Tariff autonomy. Japan expressed strong opposition at first, but Westerners accepted it, so they had no choice but to follow the trend. In fact, to put it bluntly, everyone wants to pick peaches in China. Now that the foreign boss is leading the way, he will suffer if he doesn’t follow suit or if he does it late. Therefore, it is most important to change the strategy towards China as soon as possible.

Revolutionary diplomacy hit the ground running. In general, things are going in a good direction. There is no particular order of patriotism.Under such a good situation, anyone's head may be hot, including the young and energetic young marshal Zhang Xueliang. Right now, although the "internal troubles" have been eliminated, the issues of the Northeast Railway and the Japanese-Soviet occupation are still pending. Of course, Yang Yuting's method can no longer be used (since people are down, their thinking will naturally be criticized).The dignified Northeast Army, known as the strongest army in the country's local army, now with the support of the Central Committee and Chiang Kai-shek, will be tough when it should be tough, and tough when it shouldn't be. .

Besides, there is no need to talk about the big powers in the Northeast, they can only come hard. This is the "polar bear" Russia, now called the Soviet Union, and Lao Jiang called it the "Red Empire". There is no need to talk about it, because the two countries were already in a deadlock at that time. After the split between the Kuomintang and the Communist Party, Moscow, as the stronghold of international communism, naturally became Chiang's thorn in the side.As early as the end of the 16th year of the Republic of China (1927), the Nanjing Nationalist Government issued the "Decree of Abstaining from Russia", announcing the withdrawal of consular recognition of the Soviet Union and the closure of Soviet commercial institutions in China.

According to the spirit of revolutionary diplomacy, the Chinese government will sooner or later take back the unequal rights and interests of the two red and white empires of Japan and the Soviet Union (the White Empire refers to Japan) in the Northeast.As the saying goes, if you take mine, you have to return it, and if you eat mine, you have to spit it out.But the reason why the Soviet Union was attacked first was that, in Zhang Xueliang's words, he was motivated by patriotic enthusiasm at the time and "wanted to show it all at once", and it had a very important relationship with the Northeast's research and judgment of its opponent's strength. After Yang Yuting's death, Zhang Xueliang basically relied on the young "counselors" around him to help him make suggestions.Many of these people are self-proclaimed "Russian experts". They believe that the Soviet Union's internal political situation is turbulent, its economy is depressed, and it is generally hostile and encircled by European and American countries externally.If an attack is launched at this time, the Soviet Union will inevitably be unable to resist, and it will be able to take back the sovereignty of the Middle East Railway in one fell swoop.At the same time, because the Soviet Union was isolated internationally, other powers would just sit on the sidelines and would not cause too much interference. Belarus (the group of people who escaped from the Soviet Union after the October Revolution) who escaped from Russia also verified this statement. Not to mention looking through the history books, as early as the Russo-Japanese War, the Russians were no match for the Japanese, and they were the latter's defeat. This gave Zhang Xueliang and the Northeast authorities a deep impression: the Soviets were easier to deal with.According to the principle of picking soft persimmons, since we are still not sure about fighting the Japanese, we might as well try our skills against Soviet Russia first. First came to be soft-handed, and sent someone to greet the Soviet Union: Didn't you say that the railway should be "jointly managed" by China and the Soviet Union? The Soviets who are in charge and the Chinese who are the deputy directors must sign jointly to be valid, and the directors of the various divisions in the bureau must also be half of us from the Chinese side. The latter asked the Soviets to nod, but the former resolutely refused. Although Zhang Xueliang is young, he is not ignorant of official affairs.Leading a pen is the most important thing. This is the essence. If you can't get the right to sign, what's the use of the director below to arrange more. Since you don't eat the toast, I can only give you some fine wine. At this time, Belarusian spies came to inform (these people always hate their own government more than outsiders), saying that the Third International was holding a secret meeting in the basement of the Soviet Consulate General in Harbin. Previously, Zhang Zuolin had signed an agreement with the Soviet Union, stipulating that the latter should not conduct political activities on the Middle East road.Now that this reason was brought out, the Northeast authorities immediately ordered a search of the consulate, and then, after announcing the "crime", suspended Su Fangzheng, the deputy director of the Railway Bureau, and deported as many as 59 Soviets. This was the Middle East Road incident that occurred on May 27 in the eighteenth year of the Republic of China (1929). Too much, too much.However, the Soviet government did not take any substantive retaliatory actions except for expressing strong protests. Since there are still people arrested in the consulate and detained, the Soviet side hopes to release them all, and at the same time is willing to offer one thing in exchange, which is to reduce the authority of the Soviet railway director. A slap on the face, still begging for mercy, undoubtedly a sign of being too soft-hearted. You can see it, if I am tough, he will be soft. It is useless to speak well, the key is to be serious. The Northeast authorities searched the consulate thoroughly, arrested and arrested, and then they still insisted: take the right to sign. The Soviets simply chose not to say anything this time. Whatever you say, they just don’t do it, and they don’t answer back.They are not fools, and they know very well in their hearts that if this right is lost, it will be tantamount to being swept out of the Northeast. Hmph, if you refuse to do it, then don't blame me for being rude, and simply take over all of your railway bureaus. Before making up his mind, Zhang Xueliang went to Beiping himself, and finally discussed with his brother Meng and listened to his brother's opinion. At this time, Chiang Kai-shek was at a stage of bursting with self-confidence.In the past six months, it seems that I worshiped the right Bodhisattva and everything went smoothly. In particular, the Jianggui war did not take much effort, but the benefits were considerable. Before the war, the so-called central government, called the unified country, actually controlled only a few provinces in the lower reaches of the Yangtze River, specifically the four provinces of Jiangsu, Zhejiang, Anhui, and Jiangxi. Finance Minister Song Ziwen knows this best, because he can only receive money from these four provinces.The princes in other places all collect their own money and use each branch, and they are unwilling to give more than one tael of silver to the court. After the war, the Nanjing government gained actual control over more provinces, which means it can collect taxes in more provinces. Because of this, Lao Jiang patted his chest in front of Zhang Xueliang: Brother, you go forward boldly, brother, I will be your strong backing. Among the many great powers, Chiang most hated the Soviet Union, which he called the "Red Empire".Until now, Young Master Jiang (Jiang Jingguo) was still detained in Siberia by Stalin. He supported the Northeast Army to challenge the Soviet Union. Abolish all unequal treaties between China and Russia, and give up territorial rights in China, which was promised by Lenin when he was still alive.Now more than ten years have passed, the Middle East Railway is still firmly controlled by the Soviet Union, the so-called "co-management", but the Chinese have no way to intervene, making the Middle East Railway line become a "state within a state" that is even more excessive than the concession ". What Lao Tzu said, my son pretends to be deaf and dumb, and refuses to admit it. Only Russians can do it. Right and wrong are on our side, so we must fight to the end. Lao Jiang also helped my younger brother to analyze that now the Western powers regard communism as a scourge, and they naturally have no favor for the Soviet Union, the stronghold of communism.Once the Northeast and the Soviet Union get into trouble, who should the Westerners help?Of course they help us. Don't be afraid if things get really big.Brother, I am stable in the rear now. If necessary, I can ask someone to give someone at any time, and I can ask for a gun for a gun. Even if Lao Maozi is a real tiger, we can still take layers of tiger skin off it to make a cloak. Lao Jiang stated on the spot: Once China and the Soviet Union go to war, the central government can send 100,000 troops and allocate 2 million yuan in military expenses.Anyway, never let your brother suffer alone there ("The government should exhaust its military and financial resources in the southeast, and never allow our three eastern provinces to independently oppose this powerful Russia"). Those who speak are talking nonsense, but those who listen are very clear.The "two million yuan in military expenses" is needed now, and it will not be too late to talk about "sending one hundred thousand troops" in the future. Our Northeast Army can handle it for the time being. Before the outbreak of the Sino-Japanese War, no local government was willing to send troops from the central government to its own area. No matter how hype you said, it would not work to resist Japan, resist Russia and suppress the Communist Party. "What about it?This has nothing to do with whether you are conscious or not, whether you love the country or not. Since the old man patted his chest, there is nothing to worry about. There was just a promise in the morning, and it was done in the afternoon. On July 10, 18th year of the Republic of China (1929), one month after the Dongdong Road Incident, the Northeast military and police occupied the entire Dongdong Road, disbanded the Soviet trade unions at the same time, and arrested 300 Soviet personnel from the Railway Bureau, including the unlucky Sixty people, including the director of the Soviet Railway, were deported. Next, I don't need to talk to you about the signing rights anymore. The railway bureau is all mine, and I decided to sign it myself, so I won't bother you. What Zhang Xueliang didn't expect was that this time, Su Fang's reaction was unexpectedly tough.It's no wonder that you even took the pot for cooking, if you don't rush with you, you will have to wait for your hungry stomach. There was no hypocrisy in the Soviet Union's repeated showing of weakness in the front, because it really didn't want to fight at first. Not to mention that the country has not completely recovered, and the international blockade is not mentioned, and the combat area alone is far from ideal. At that time, the Soviet Union was basically poor and white in the Far East. They had nothing, and they could not guarantee food and clothing.Let's transport troops and food from Europe, and it is limited by the railway capacity.The reason why the Russo-Japanese War was defeated was largely because the troops could not be transported eastward by railway in time. If the Sino-Soviet war broke out, the Soviet Union would inevitably face the dilemma of fighting on two fronts, that is, it would have to fight simultaneously in Suifenhe in the east and Manchuria in the west.If you look at the map, you will know that these two places, one on the beak of the chicken and the other on the crown of the chicken, are separated by hundreds of thousands of miles, and the coordination of troops is very difficult.In contrast, the Northeast Army's troop deployment speed was at least twice that of the Soviet side with the help of the railway in its territory. In this case, the battle is not so easy to fight, so bear with it if you can. Until the Railway Bureau was taken over by the Northeast, I really couldn't bear it any longer. Three days after the expulsions, the Soviet government lodged yet another outcry.But this protest was different from the last one, because the Soviet Red Army began to gather towards the border. When Zhang Xueliang discovered this trend, he felt something was wrong in his heart, so he quickly sent a telegram to Nanjing to ask Lao Jiang to give him an idea. Lao Jiang's judgment is that the Soviets are just using this to blackmail people, and they dare not fight. Back then I drove all the Soviet advisers back, so what could they do.Look, brother, I'll settle it for you. Lao Jiang's method is to let Britain, the United States and other countries interfere in it as before, and he thinks this is better than diplomacy with Japan, because it is holding the banner of "anti-Soviet and anti-communist". It's a pity that he made a mistake this time. After the incident, the international public opinion all sided with the Soviet Union: There are historical reasons for the rights and interests of all countries in China. In the past, everyone can talk and discuss. As soon as he said that, he started. The meaning in the words is obvious, "revolutionary diplomacy" has gone too far. According to such a reform, if it is our turn next, we should not say anything, and take over all the concessions and the like. How do we mess up in China. On July 18, 1929, China and the Soviet Union announced the severance of diplomatic relations, and the two countries entered a state of war. But at the beginning, the scale of the battle between the two sides was not large, and it could only be regarded as a small friction. Although there were offenses and defenses, there were also wins and losses. The Northeast Army did not always suffer losses, and the Red Army did not always take advantage. Under the command of General Kubyshev, the Soviet Far East Army once sent cavalry troops to attack the Heilongjiang border, but they were hit head-on and 59 cavalrymen were captured.After that, another 6,000 infantry cavalry were dispatched to attack and harass, but still got nothing. In some local areas, China has also organized Russian-style puppet troops to rearm the White Russian troops who had fled to the northeast and encourage them to go into battle. Aren't you going to call back to your hometown? Give it a chance now, let's go. Although it was the Russians who beat the Russians, the enthusiasm of the Northeast "Returning Home Mission" was still very high. Out of "class hatred", they beat up the brothers on the opposite side without mercy, and made the Soviet Red Army howl with anger. Just when the war was at a stalemate, a Soviet general with an extremely strange walking posture and swaying from side to side was urgently transferred from the Ukrainian military district to the Far East. His appearance will change everything. The reason why this person walks strangely is because only in this way, no one can see that he is actually a disabled person. When he joined the army and fought in the war, he suffered a gunshot wound to his leg. After surgery, one leg was long and the other was short.In traditional martial arts novels, such people are generally called "weird heroes", and their martial arts are unpredictable and profound. In the eighteenth year of the Republic of China (1929) on August 6, Stalin, who was far away in Moscow, issued an order: Blyuchel (Chinese name Galen), succeeding Kubyshev as the commander of the Special Far East Army. If you are still relatively unfamiliar with this name, you can refer to another name - Zhukov, the first general of the Soviet Union's Great Patriotic War.This gentleman is good at fighting with large corps, and he has commanded a long list of battles: the defense of Moscow, the defense of Stalingrad, the battle of Kursk, the battle of Dnepr, the battle of Berlin... Galen was Zhukov's teacher. In addition to his specialty in military affairs, we also want to award him a lifetime honor that many foreigners have won.That is: China Hand. During the Northern Expedition, he served as the chief military advisor to the Guangzhou Revolutionary Government and participated in the establishment of the National Revolutionary Army. The party representative system and political work system in the Northern Expedition Army were introduced to China for the first time as new ideas by this old man. Although the two countries are now fighting each other and each is their master, to be fair, they did contribute a lot to the Chinese revolution back then. At that time, in order to avoid suspicion, the consultants sent by the Soviet Union to China to help the revolution all claimed to be "retired and unemployed" and were hired by the Guangzhou Revolutionary Government in their personal capacity (in the future, you must not believe the nonsense that the consultants are unemployed and rehired).The same is true for Mr. Galen. In China, the Far East Red Army was created by him alone. A well-known commander of the military region traveled thousands of miles to China to be a small staff member. of dedication. As an old colleague of the Whampoa Military Academy, Galen has a good relationship with many Kuomintang military and political figures, including Lao Jiang.Although he was born in the Soviet Union, Galen has a strong taste of a professional soldier, and this is what Lao Jiang admires most about him. After the split between the Kuomintang and the Communist Party, all Soviet advisers were fired.Lao Jiang was dissatisfied with Borodin, the Soviet political adviser, and even wanted him wanted, but he was very nostalgic for Galen, and said that he must hold a farewell ceremony for Galen. Galen is also a Bolshevik after all. Although he is not very keen on politics, he still knows the saying "the friend of the enemy is our enemy".How dare he get close to President Jiang again, and quickly disguise himself as a sailor on a foreign ship, sneaking back to the Soviet Union secretly. After returning to China, Galen was idle and was basically in a state of long-term recuperation until this time he was ordered to participate in the war. Before Galen was transferred, although the Far East Red Army had two armies, they were not organized in wartime. The two armies were only equivalent to two regular divisions, and they were scattered around. The use of Galen, who is known as the "Far Eastern Army Soul", shows that Stalin is going to spend the most money.With the arrival of Galen, the Far East Red Army was reintegrated, and all combat units were equipped according to wartime standards. The situation of the Northeast Army is different. In fact, the Northeast Army is not really incapable of competing with the Soviet Army. At that time, although the Northeast Army retreated outside the customs, after all, it had once dominated the Central Plains, and its military strength was still the first among all factions in the country.If this were not the case, Lao Jiang would not have repeatedly borrowed the strength of the Northeast Army in the internal struggles of the Kuomintang.As for the fact that they entered the customs and lived in the bustling city for a long time, their combat effectiveness plummeted. That may be the inevitable result that any faction other than the "party army" will encounter. The biggest problem with the Northeast Army is that it lacks a commander who can take responsibility and dare to take responsibility. Everyone in the world is saying to kill, but I only pity talents.Since Guo Songling and Yang Yuting were eliminated by Zhang and his sons, it seemed that God no longer cared about the Northeast Army, and the stars in the sky were dimmed. It was impossible to find a general like Guo Yang who was as strategic and convincing as Guo Yang. This was in stark contrast to the Soviet Union. In the eighteenth year of the Republic of China (1929) on August 15th, Zhang Xueliang, Marshal of the Northeast, issued a mobilization order to fight against the Soviet Union, forming two anti-Russian armies, commanded by Wang Shuchang and Hu Yukun, who were sent to the eastern and western battlefields. These two people are actually not bad.Wang Shuchang came from a Japanese non-commissioned officer school and was once called "Wang Zhuge" by Wu Junsheng.Hu Yukun is a high-achieving student at Baoding Military Academy. He and Fu Zuoyi were classmates in the first class.But neither of these two will play a role. The reason also lies in the deep-rooted factional disputes in the Northeast Army.Wang Shuchang's First Anti-Russian Army went to the Eastern Battlefield, which belongs to Jilin and is Zhang Zuoxiang's "site".Hu Yukun's First Anti-Russian Army went to the West Battlefield, which was the "nest" of Wan Fulin in Heilongjiang.Zhang Wan was born with a beard, so he couldn't make it to the big scene.But it is also because they are not good enough that they are afraid of Wang Hu, who seems to be very good, for fear that they will hang on to it, and even come up with tricks to occupy the magpie's nest. Of course Wang Hu knew it well, but their qualifications, courage and courage were far inferior to Yang Yuting before.In fact, after the "Tiger Hall" incident, the upper-level civil and military officials in Northeast China, be they virtuous or stupid, were silent on it. Apart from his head and black hat, he will not use other brains. Although Wang Hu led the battle, his mind was not on how to defeat the enemy.Wang Shuchang hadn't set off yet, so his first reaction was to ask Zhang Xueliang to put the 12th Brigade (Zhang Tingshu's brigade) into the first army order. It wasn't that Zhang Tingshu was very good at fighting, but because the latter was Zhang Zuoxiang's son.Even so, Zhang Zuoxiang asked someone to bring a message to Wang Shuchang, hoping that after he arrived in Harbin, it would be best not to advance to the southeast side of Harbin, the reason being to avoid "confusion with the Jilin army in terms of responsibility." Not to mention Suifenhe on the border, Yiyipo is far away from the Songhua River theater where the battle is about to start. He can't even go there, so how can he command the war. For such persuasion, as the general of the army, he can completely ignore it.But Commander Wang was very obedient. After he arrived in Harbin, he really didn't move forward even a step.What to do, live in a big hotel, play poker, gamble, and the battle at the front seems to have nothing to do with him. In contrast, Commander Hu is not much better.After his Second Anti-Russian Army arrived in Hailar, it stopped moving forward, also because it was afraid of "friction with the Heilongjiang Army." That is to say, when the Sino-Soviet war broke out, it was still the original border guards who were really defending against the enemy in front, and the so-called two anti-Russian troops never played at all. Contrary to the estimates of the Northeast Army, the Soviet Army did not choose to break through in the east and west battlefields this time, but fired the first shot at the Songhua River in the middle battlefield. As Zhukov's teacher, Galen is well versed in the way of combat: It is better to cut off one finger than to hurt his ten fingers.This "one finger" is the Northeast Navy (Northeast River Defense Fleet) stationed on the Songhua River. Because the Northeast Fleet can directly threaten Khabarovsk on the Soviet border.This is an important pawn that China can attack and defend. Another reason that cannot be ignored is that the navy is a relatively weak link in the Northeast Navy and Army, but at the same time it is the strength of the Soviet side. If the army of the Northeast Army still has a numerical advantage, the navy does not even have this advantage. The Northeast Fleet claims to have eight gunboats, but in fact only three are original. The largest flagship "Jiangheng" is a Japanese product, and the other two ("Lijie" and "Lisui") are made in Germany, and their origins are quite legendary. (It can be proved that China sold some strength during the First World War, and it also contributed to the victory of the Allied Powers).If "Jiang Heng" is still on the table, the other two brothers are purely makeshift, with poor actual firepower, and their main task is to scare pirates. Except for these three treasures, the other messy so-called "ships" are all parallel imports converted from merchant ships, and they can only be used as moving targets for others in a real war. It is sad to say that our nation is really good at forgetting.So many years after the defeat in the Sino-Japanese War of 1898-1895, the navy, the most basic force to resist insults at sea, has not improved much (think of the Germans, what a sweat).Until the Second Northern Expedition, the Northeast Navy, a rotten force, was able to stun the Northern Expedition's naval force for a moment. As a result, after the Fujian Navy (that is, the Northern Expedition), it won the "National Second Largest Local Navy" honorary title. Of course, there are also "navals" that are not on the list. Not only that, but also very insightful.For example, Sichuan, although it is a purely inland province, actually has a "navy" establishment, and it may have several of the world's largest. Because the "Navy" has only one "warship" - a small civilian ship. According to the legendary understanding of the "Navy", the founder made a careful decoration for this small ship: welded iron plates as armor, and installed small cannons as weapons. The only shortcoming is that it is a bit troublesome to shoot.Due to the small tonnage and weak horsepower, after firing one shot, the ship would retreat a bit, and after firing two shots, it would retreat twice. After three shots, it would probably hit the river bank and capsize! Ignore the navy.This was an unforgivable mistake in national defense, but it was inevitable under the warlords' melee and the division of the country at that time-during civil wars, after all, the navy was rarely useful, and even the air force played a greater role than the navy. Compared with "the second largest local navy in the country", the rival Soviet Heilongjiang Fleet is simply a Tyrannosaurus rex.There are four of the strongest shallow-water heavy artillery ships called "Storm Class" in the fleet, and their combat effectiveness is a level higher than that of the flagship "Jiang Heng" of the Northeast Navy. Using his strengths to attack others' weaknesses, the Northeast Navy stationed in Tongjiang City became the primary target of Galen's attack. On the front line of Sanjiangkou (Tongjiang City is located at the confluence of Heilongjiang, Songhua River and Wusuli River, so it is also called Sanjiangkou), the Soviet Heilongjiang Fleet stared closely at the opponent, but did not launch an attack immediately. The Belarusian "Returning Home Regiment" and "Guerrillas" assisted by the Northeast Army continued to harass the military targets of the Soviet Union. In Jiangcheng, the defenders and "Russian traitors" were wiped out. Galen was unmoved. He just ordered the fleet to bombard these White Russian armed forces across the shore with artillery fire, but he only went so far as to drive them out of the Soviet Union. For the Northeast River Defense Fleet that was very close, he didn't have any orders or actions, as if they didn't exist. It's not not to fight, but to wait, to wait for the best time to attack. Lu Xun, the famous general of the Three Kingdoms, faced the abuse of the Shu army, and refused to fight for several months. As a result, he waited for work with ease, and burned the opponent's 800-mile company camp as soon as he made a move. One of the differences between a master and a rookie is that a master usually only needs one move to complete a task that a rookie cannot complete with countless moves. After more than two months of calm confrontation, Jiang Fang, who was extremely tense and ready for battle, finally began to loosen. The acting commander-in-chief of the Northeast Navy, Shen Honglie, was originally a shrewd man, known as a "capable general".However, in front of the ecstasy formation that Galen intentionally or unintentionally arranged, there was also a misjudgment. He believed that the guerrilla tactics of the Belarusian troops had indeed played a certain role. The Soviets were now confused by guerrilla warfare, and they could not find the strength to launch a large-scale attack on the Northeast Navy until this problem was completely resolved. Based on this judgment, while the Heilongjiang Fleet was still guarding Sanjiangkou, he even took the captain of the Jiangfang Fleet to temporarily leave the Tongjiang front line for a meeting in Harbin. The leader not only left, but also left behind a trick: ordered the Tongjiang Marine Corps to be reduced to a brigade, the most capable "Jiang Heng" left the team for rest, and one of the German-made broken ships "Lijie" took over as the flagship. The arming is all messed up. This was the moment Galen needed. At this time, more than 80,000 people from the Soviet Army, Navy, and Air Force had been assembled in Siberia, and they were well prepared in terms of logistics. In particular, the most important problem of cold protection was solved. The water boiler can supply hot food to the front line. The Sino-Soviet political negotiations that started at the same time as the military conflict completely broke down. All is ready except for the opportunity. Galen clicked lightly on the map to complete the fatal blow. On October 12, the eighteenth year of the Republic of China (1929), the Sanjiangkou Naval Battle, a key battle in the Sino-Soviet War, kicked off. In this battle, the Heilongjiang Fleet only invested three shallow-water heavy gunships to participate in the battle. On the premise that their own losses were not large, it took just over an hour to announce the game over. The only one in the Jiangfang Fleet that has played a small role, so it is particularly worth mentioning is the "Dongyi" warship, which can be called the parallel importer (also known as the best parallel importer) among parallel importers. Before the war, Shen Honglie obtained two large-caliber naval guns from nowhere, but because the existing warships were not large enough, the guns could not be loaded.In line with the idea of ​​being thrifty and not wasting every cannon, Commander Shen asked around and found him a scrapped commercial barge. After measuring the size, it was just right, so he put the cannons on it and named it "East Barge". B". The "Dongyi" with two cannons is really majestic and majestic, which makes people happy to see it.But this "warship" is good in everything, but there is one flaw - no power! It's no different from a disabled person. If you don't help or pull it up, it can't move at all. Can not blame others.It was already retired, but you forcefully dragged it here, and even changed its career, and now you want it to run a thousand meters with you every day, and gods don't have the ability. To say that Commander Shen's name of "capable general" is really not covered.He also found a parallel cargo warship "Jiang'an" that was purely a cobbler in the fleet, and exempted it from the obligation to fire indiscriminately. play. Usually, other ships would raid the enemy and set up formations on the river. The "Dongyi" was used as a mobile water fort, towed by the "Jiang'an", and quietly hid in the swamp area near the river mouth, serving as a latent mission for the navy version. The "Dongyi" can't do anything else, but it's okay to keep it motionless.Soviet planes flew over the river every day for reconnaissance, but they never found out that there was a small killer hiding here. The water war has just begun.The generation flagship "Leejet", which is so big and flamboyant, was hit hard, and was unable to carry out an effective counterattack after being injured.Afterwards, the "Li Sui" also lost the power to fight back and could only evacuate in a hurry.The rest of the minions were even more chaotic, unable to parry at all. At this time, the "Dongyi" bravely stood up—of course it was pulled out by the "Jiang'an". The Soviet warship was fighting vigorously, and suddenly found a small enemy ship suddenly appearing beside him, and was shocked.Taking a closer look, a smaller one trickled out from behind it, turning into two.What's even more strange is that the two ships are still connected together. The older brother leads the younger brother, which looks like a player's house in kindergarten.What a trick! At first, everyone only paid attention to the older brother in front, and was on guard against it firing the cannon. Unexpectedly, it wasn't it who fired the cannon first, but the little brother at the back. Don't look down on people.Small is small, fighter jet. Caught off guard, several Soviet warships were plotted against by "Dong Yi", and hurriedly avoided them. The "Dongyi" had been observing in the corner for a while, and found that the flagship "Sverdlov" was the most arrogant in the Heilongjiang Fleet, and immediately stared at it and "bited" it hard. The big old Maozi's flagship was in a hurry and got up to fight back. But the big one can't beat the small one, but the small one can easily beat the big one. "Dongyi" was originally not a special military ship, and the hull was short and small.At that time, directional missiles with GPS function had not yet been invented, and the shells could not turn. On the contrary, "Sverdlov" is easier to find. As long as it doesn't hit it first, you can aim at the target with your eyes closed. The two large-caliber naval guns that Commander Shen had obtained on the spur of the moment were really up to the task. They seized the opportunity to bombard the Soviet heavy gunship, and there was no failure from the beginning to the end.The Soviet ships couldn't beat their opponents, so they had to forcefully pretend to be "Su Jianqiang" and hold their heads hard.Fortunately, its skin was strong and its armor was thick. Although it was beaten up, down, left, and right, its key parts were still able to stand up, and it sank to the bottom of the river without being disabled. But the sailors on board were not so lucky.炮弹落在甲板上，往往非死即伤，有一个炮塔的炮手差不多被炸光了，就剩了一个光杆的军士长。 旗舰都如此狼狈，其它舰只就不得不重视这个从天而降的小个子了。于是，所有重炮舰都围过来，集中对付“东乙”。 没想到“东乙”号泥鳅一样，这边一蹿，那边一跳，瞻之在前，忽而在后，耍的是一套正宗的中国迷踪拳，一群老毛子的西洋组合拳硬是奈何它不得。 不过很快，“东乙”的破绽还是被团团包围的苏联军舰找到了。 那就是“东乙”自己没有动力，得靠“江安”拖带。 凌厉的炮火立刻集中在“江安”身上。可怜的“江安”当即被炸成两截。 失去“江安”，“东乙”无法动弹，也就无法独存。在船体被炸坏、火炮被击毁的情况下，只好自沉。 历史总是有着惊人的相似。甲午战争中，邓世昌的致远舰也是勉力支撑，血战到底。 一样的英勇无畏，一样的义无反顾，一样的壮烈千秋！ 同江一战，驻防三江口的东北江防舰队几乎全军覆没。 几乎的意思是，休整的“江亨”、逃出的“利绥”总算活了下来，撤往上游的富锦。 岸上战斗和水上作战同时进行。 负责保卫同江城的是第9旅（李杜旅）。李杜本人其实是有些能力的，但不幸的是遇到了一个混事的王军长。 同江之战打响时，因为前述原因，王树常的抗俄第一军还呆在哈尔滨动都不动，没往松花江派一兵一卒，更要命的是他还把拍马屁看脸色的功夫用到了战场之上。 李杜当时处境非常恶劣，苏军三面包围，自己后面就是江面，江上的苏军在炮舰掩护下，也在不断登陆。对于他来说，这还能勉强支持，至少能予以还击吧，但苏军飞机的轰炸却既挡不住，也还不了。 那这位要说了，东北军除了有海军外，不是也有空军吗？ 是呀。当时东北航空大队第2队就是配属给防俄第一军的。 在打到艰难处时，李杜就希望自家的飞机能来帮忙。可是王树常却做主把所有飞机都分给了第18旅（丁超旅）。实际上，丁超从始至终都没有参加过中苏之战，飞机给他也是白给。 原因说来让人啼笑皆非，只是因为丁超是“张作相的人”。 正是由于吃不消苏联飞机肆无忌惮的轰炸，为免全军覆没，李杜只得和江面上幸存的舰只一样，率部沿河岸撤往富锦。 同江保卫战，李杜旅伤亡营长以下250人，苏军只伤亡了30人不到，一比八的伤亡率，东北军官兵很多不是被子弹打死的，而是倒在了飞机炸弹之下。这让李杜事后悲愤不已，在会上就直言：王军长向有诸葛之誉，我还以为他真有军事才能，本来很景仰他，现在看来却并不是什么将才！ 事实上，大家都能够平平安安地撤到富锦，还得归功于斯大林并没有一捅到底的打算。同江取得进展后，他并没有让加伦乘胜追击，而是将占领同江的部队撤了回去。 斯大林认为，这时候张学良应该软下来了，双方可以见好就收。 得知海军在同江惨败，少帅犹如当头挨了一棒，很自然地就开始了犹豫：要不就恢复谈判吧。 如果这时候开始谈，苏联开出的价码应该不会太高，无非就是让那两个正副局长再官复原职。 但是事情到了这一步，东北军想往后面退也难了。 什么叫骑虎难下，现在就是。从双方开战以来，各地的示威声援游行那是风起云涌，一浪高过一浪，中央政府方面也一样，除了外交部力挺以外，连身为国民政府主席的老蒋都坐不住，亲自站到台前发表了正气凛然、毫不退让的对苏宣言。 亲友团、粉丝团，领导、群众，一个不落，该来的都来了。事到如今，进退就不光是政治问题，还是面子问题了。 大家站在后面已经鼓了半天掌，手都拍红了，嗓子都喊哑了，你忽然要一个人从擂台赛上跳下来，想雷死人是不是？ 不过小遇挫折，东西战场不是还没开打吗，干架有的是条件，这种时候是爷们的就不能闭眼皱眉。 “深孚众望”的张学良只好硬着头皮继续上。 民国十八年（1929年）10月14日，他派第7旅（赵维祯旅）驰援富锦。 随着军事力量的增强，其它“强硬”措施也紧随其后。一天后，东北法院作出判决，将原领事馆被捕人员逐一判刑。一个星期后，南京外交部中止了通过德国进行的居中调停。 斯大林被彻底惹火了。 全面进攻，打到东北军喊疼为止。 战火很快延伸到了松花江上游的富锦，加伦要在那里为中战场收官了。 水战仍是决定战局的关键，但富锦水战的结果，早在同江时就判定了。 沈鸿烈手上现在只有一个“江亨”还有作战能力，从同江逃出来的“利绥”跟残疾人已无两样，根本不能打。 面对无米之炊，“能将”就是再“能”也无计可施。 民国十八年（1929年）10月30日，苏联黑龙江舰队溯江而上，兵临富锦。 可怜的“利绥”舰自己都病歪歪的，哪里还有半点还手之力，能做的就是自沉。对付唯一尚能一战的“江亨”舰，苏联人采用的办法是舰空协同，对面舰上发炮，上面飞机投弹（我们自己的飞机则还在丁超那里“闲置”呢）。 没几下，“江亨”就受了重伤，自沉。 至此，东北海军全军覆没，遭受了与当初北洋海军一样的命运。 三十五前（甲午战争），海上的月亮也是昏黄而伤感的吧。 水战惨败，陆战也没好多少。 尽管集结了2个步兵旅，1个骑兵团，近3千官兵，作战也尚称英勇，但由于没有一个好的将帅统一指挥和协调，大家都害怕像同江城那里一样被苏联红军抄袭后路，四面包围——那里尚有江岸可遁走，现在连这个条件都没了。 在坚守一天后，部队撤出富锦。 富锦一战，东北军光战死就达300人，而苏军却只死伤14人，一比二十的比率还不止，真是越打越糟，糟透了。 同江一战，令苏联红军军心大振。 东战场战役随即全面展开，不过指挥者不是加伦，而是另一个运动战的高手——切列潘诺夫。 这位兄弟名气没有加伦那么大，但是经历差不多，也到中国来当过军事顾问，并指挥过东征和北伐，对中国军队的情况和作战特点了如指掌。他采用了抄袭包围的办法，即先把步骑兵将守军分割开来，然后利用步炮协同、地空协同的办法展开攻击，收效很快，伤亡很少。 民国十八年（1929年）11月17日，苏军占领密山，在将当地军事设施予以破坏后撤回了苏境。 加伦这时候在哪里呢，他接力西战场。 当年库比谢夫“失足”就“失足”在此处，现在他要替自己的同事把场子给扳回来。 此时胡毓坤抗俄第二军已到达海拉尔，光这支部队就含步兵3个旅。边境上，在满洲里驻防的是第15旅（梁忠甲旅），其侧后是驻防扎赉诺尔的第17旅（韩光第旅）。从满洲里到扎赉诺尔，再到海拉尔，三点成一线，加起来至少有5个步兵旅。应该说明的是，东北军的旅建制很大，有的甚至相当于通常的师。比如梁忠甲旅就有将近1万人。 苏联红军能用于西战场的部队有多少呢？3个步兵师。 五比三，从总量上看，中方要胜过苏方。可是这说的是整体，不是局部。 胡毓坤和“王诸葛”一样，由于怕万福麟说他“干政”，到海拉尔后，始终没再往前面去，也未和前线建立过联系。 实际参战的就是前线梁韩的那两个旅，如此一来，数量的优势又没了。 作为黑龙江地方将领，梁韩和后来的马占山一样，都是很能打仗且宁折不弯的东北汉子。前面把苏联远东军司令库比谢夫干得没了脾气的就是梁忠甲。 然而他们猛则猛矣，也只能担负一方之责。由于缺少将帅进行全面筹划，对手又是加伦这样的苏联名将，失败从一开始就无可避免。 加伦的打法和切列潘诺夫没有二致：抄袭海拉尔，把“三点一线”全部包起来，然后一块一块吃掉。 这就是指挥大兵团作战的思路，气势恢宏，果敢有效。 但是斯大林却另有考虑。 抄袭后路，这个打法很精妙，但是不要从海拉尔抄，那样可能超出部队的能力。 “超出能力”只是一个说法，实际上它体现了一个政治家与军事家的区别——当时斯大林仍然把握着作战的分寸，那就是不能玩得太过火，要尽可能在边境上解决问题。 这样加伦就把抄袭的点放在了满洲里侧后的扎赉诺尔。 民国十八年（1929年）11月17日夜，在东战场已经取得完胜的当天，苏联红军越过中苏边境，在坦克和飞机大炮的掩护下，首先将满洲里和扎赉诺尔一刀斩断，之后又切断了扎赉诺尔和海拉尔的联系。 这一出手，“三点一线”里面的线已经断开，三点真正成了三个孤立的点，而扎赉诺尔遂成苏军重点进攻的孤岛。 加伦深知扎赉诺尔在此战中的分量，因此把所能调动的大部分兵力都投入进来，集中两个步兵师约2万之众进行攻击。 韩光第的部队比梁忠甲还少，只有7千人，且飞机坦克这些都没有。然知势不可为而犹不屈者，勇士也。战前一天，韩光第已有预感，他在给其兄长的家信中说了这样一句话：敌来时，惟有拼此满腔热血以赴之。 加伦是准备当天就结束战斗的，但一直打到晚上，苏军又是开炮，又是侧击，以人数和武器的优势，不仅未能打开缺口，还遭遇了对方的反冲锋。 这是让加伦大跌眼镜的一天。虽然中方伤亡200人，可苏军也伤亡了70人，其中甚至包括一个获得过两枚红旗勋章的骑兵连长，创下了中苏之战以来苏军损失的最高纪录。 加伦不得不进行调整，决定更充分地发挥“钢铁部队”的作用。 天一亮，飞机先来。 中国守军连苏军的脸都没看到，就蒙受了惨重损失，然而无一人退缩。 接着，大炮猛轰。 这一次连民用目标都遭了殃，票车被炸毁，“乘客商民亦死伤甚多”，守军当然伤亡更大，但在苏军冲上来时，仍“死力奋战”。 见前面形势危急，韩光第带上卫队冲上第一线，并且亲自端了一挺手提机枪向敌扫射，以身先士卒的勇气，保证了部队仍能战斗不息（“喊杀之声，闻于数里”）。 苏军除了大炮飞机以外，坦克也是东北军比较难抵御的。 手榴弹炸不了，子弹打不进，一个连长不顾危险，干脆爬上坦克，揭开盖子，用手枪干掉了坦克手，而他自己也被后面的枪弹击落。 打到傍晚，加伦把预备队都投了上来，尽全力一击（“敌众势猛，弹如雨注”）。 韩光第左臂受创，至为重要的车站被苏军占领，但仍带伤力战。 团长张季英见大势已去，问他还有什么办法。韩光第看了他一眼：我的办法只有一个——誓与此土共存亡。 其实韩光第是有脱身机会的。 副官劝他后撤，至少不要以旅长之身在前线这样玩命厮杀。 韩光第悲痛地说，我一个旅都快打完了，弟兄们都死了，我怎么能够自己一个人逃跑呢（“全军将没，忍自退乎？”）。 话刚说完，苏军又冲了过来，韩光第奋身而起，大呼杀敌，最后中弹倒地，以身殉国。 有怎样的旅长，必有怎样的团长。 韩光第的两个团长，一个已经阵亡，另一个就是张季英，他已经受了伤，不能再战，于是掏出枪对准自己，选择了旅长给他的那个办法：誓与此土共存亡！ 呜呼，东北军自创立以来，抗击外敌之顽强悲壮，真无出此役也。 随着韩光第全旅尽没，扎赉诺尔失陷。 在韩旅苦战的同时，满洲里也早已战火熊熊。 梁忠甲素称勇将，平时能与部下同甘共苦，当兵的吃什么他也吃什么，在作战时更是骑马往来指挥，因此军心巩固。同时，满洲里的防御工事也很坚固，以致苏军的野战炮和榴弹炮都无法轻易将堡垒的护板射穿。 苏军连攻数天都毫无进展。加伦自己也感叹，称满洲里“坚不可摧”，守军抵抗“空前顽强”。 但是扎赉诺尔的失陷，使满洲里的防守难度立刻达到极限。 加伦挥师北上，调集全部人马，把满洲里围了个水泄不通。他要求梁忠甲投降，但遭到了拒绝。 由于孤立无援，梁忠甲也想到了突围，但突围并不成功，反而还损失了400人，只得重新退回坚守。 民国十八年（1929年）11月22日，苏军在大批坦克的掩护下，对满洲里发动总攻击。 在阵地被炮火摧毁后，梁忠甲及部下8000余人弹尽被俘。 据战后统计，苏军在近一个星期的满洲里攻坚战中共死伤700多人，这在中俄战史上也是破天荒的第一次。 三点一线，两点既破，海拉尔已成危垒。 加伦乘胜继续东进。 5天之后，由于东北当局已有意谋和，东北军不战而撤出海拉尔。 作为胜利者的加伦后来却做了一件与他的身份极不匹称的缺德事，公然违背日内瓦公约关于战争俘虏的规定，将被俘的万名东北军俘虏都送往条件极其恶劣的矿山做苦工，直到年底才遣返。 两国交战，互有胜败本是常事，但作为一代名将，加伦开了一个相当恶劣的先例。 十六年后，二战结束，斯大林违反波茨坦公告，扣留日军战俘60万人，强迫其在西伯利亚服苦役达十余年之久。 所以有人说，加伦的决定，很可能出自斯大林的暗示。 但不管怎样，加伦本人亦难辞其咎。特别是当时东北军已从海拉尔撤出，他却还派飞机一路进行尾追轰炸，确实忒不地道了一点。 在后来苏联“大肃反”运动中，被指控为“反苏间谍”的加伦死得很惨，据说连眼珠子都被打得滚了出来。 始作俑者，其无后乎。 得悉西战场战况，张学良的震惊之情是可以想见的。直到晚年，他仍对此记忆犹新。他说，那一战之后，都没有了。 自杀的自杀，阵亡的阵亡，全军覆灭，都没有了。 他说的当然是韩光第旅——“打得那个惨呐”。 直觉告诉他，不能再打下去了。 满洲里失守后，东北少帅再也顾不得南京的禁令，立即派哈尔滨交涉员蔡运升出马，寻求与苏联外交部直接接洽，以恢复谈判。 张学良急得要发疯，可是南京外交部仍把希望寄托在寻求欧美国家调停上面。 调停没有成功。斯大林老谋深算，直截了当地拒绝了英美法三国发出的停战照会，也就等于把第三国调停的可能性给生生掐断了。 张学良认为南京政府一点不实事求是，打不过，难道我连和的资格都没有了吗，这不是“整人”又是什么。 敢情都不是打在你们身上吧，所以你们才不肉疼。 民国十八年（1929年）12月22日，东北方面在未得到国民政府正式授权，事后也未予以承认的情况下，与苏联签订了《伯力协定》。 按照《伯力协定》，东北又恢复到了中苏冲突以前的状态。中东铁路仍然为“中苏合办”（实际仍由苏联单独控制），以此换取苏军撤兵。 但在协定之外，中国版图上的一块鸡冠却不翼而飞了。这就是黑龙江和乌苏里江交汇处的“水上关隘”黑瞎子岛。苏军来了个不声不响，长期赖着不走。直到七十九年后，经过两国重新谈判，这一历史纠纷才得以最终解决。 民国十九年（1930年）1月1日，张学良、沈鸿烈等六名东北军将领被国民政府授予青天白日勋章，以表彰东北军在中苏之战中作出的努力，张等六人也是这一荣誉创始以来的首批获奖者。 自始至终，旁边都有一个矮个子眼睛眨都不眨一下地盯着，不仅看，他还做记录，不仅做记录，他还搞分析。 这矮个子就是我们的近邻日本。 中苏之战，给他提供了一个最好的观察中苏实力的机会。 日本跟苏联红军也是交过手的。早在一战快接近尾声时，因“解救捷克军团事件”，日本曾先后派4个师团进入西伯利亚。当然了，救人是假，捞便宜才是真。当时他们与苏联红军曾开过好几次火，虽然那时的红军实力尚未完全显现出来，但日本人已经发现，这支由“红色拿破仑”托洛茨基和伏龙芝一手打造出来的军队潜力很大。 因为它是世界历史上第一支真正意义的党军，一支不同于以往任何类型的新式军队。 国民党最初建黄埔军校，就是准备仿照苏联红军的模式，建立一支自己的党军，但实际上由于国共早早分裂等原因，所谓的“党军”搞得虎头蛇尾，并不成功。 在中苏之战中，日本坐山观虎斗，他们发现，此时的苏联红军与一战末期相比，已有了“出乎意料的长进”。 党军首重军纪，而参战红军的军纪非常严明。在进入满洲里后，没有人敢私自到老百姓家里去，就算你是自己掏钱到饭店去吃饭，花的是自己的钱，那也不行，被部队发现后是要立刻勒令回营的。 身处战乱，有的东北军溃兵自己也抢劫商铺，但在满洲里攻坚战结束后，红军却把这些被抢的东西又搜出来，让失主认领。除此之外，他们还免费给当地老百姓发放食物和煤，甚至临走时都要把街道打扫得干干净净。