Chapter 5 Chapter 4 Five-Color Flag Falling from the City Head

The five-color flag is the symbol of the Beiyang government. Chiang Kai-shek asked Zhang Xueliang to replace it with the blue sky and white sun flag of the Kuomintang.However, not only the Japanese government tried its best to oppose and obstruct the "change of flags and flags", but also within the Northeast Army, there was a lot of opposition. Now hanging over Japanese Prime Minister Tian Zhongzhong is what will happen to Zhang Xueliang after he secures the top spot.As for fulfilling his Lao Tzu's pie-in-the-wall agreements, it is still secondary. As early as when Mr. Zhang was about to withdraw from Beijing, he was faced with the problem of what to do after the "restoration".

Unification Everyone says that we must unify, otherwise we will not be able to unify the outside world.The question is who to unify. To put it bluntly, who leads whom and who obeys whom?Lao Jiang naturally believed that the Kuomintang should lead the old Beiyang.Although Zhang Zuolin was at a disadvantage, he said with certainty: I retreated outside the customs because I didn't want to fight among myself. It wasn't true that I couldn't beat you, so it shouldn't be to make me submit to you. The best way is to unite and unify , peacefully resolve civil disputes, everyone is equal, and no one bullies anyone.

After arguing and arguing, opinions finally converged on the issue of the banner.Zhang Zuolin hoped to retain the original five-color flag when Beiyang was the boss, while Chiang Kai-shek insisted on replacing the Kuomintang's blue sky and white sun flag. The two great enemies of the North and the South in the Republic of China era, the Kuomintang called for the Three People's Principles, and the old Beiyang used the promotion of the national quintessence as a cover. It seems that one is new and the other is old, but in fact, they cannot escape the oldest historical cycle of dynasty replacement in our country.

Our ancestors told us that since ancient times, there has only been one emperor, the so-called family in the world, how can we allow others to snore and sleep on the side of the couch. Since the Kuomintang wants to sit in the world and be the boss, it has only the last single seedling who has wronged Beiyang-Fengxi to be the younger brother. The issue of the flag is very important, even if it is just a title, the Chinese have always insisted on this aspect, so until Zhang Zuolin left Beijing, this issue was still unresolved. After the Feng army withdrew to the outside of the pass one after another, especially after Zhang Zuolin's death in Huanggutun, some people in the Kuomintang also suggested that the Northeast had just lost its leadership center and morale was in a state of slump. An excellent time to get rid of troubles forever.

However, Lao Jiang himself vetoed this proposal. The Feng army was not really repulsed by the Northern Expeditionary Army, but retreated on its own initiative, which means that their strength is still there, and it is not at the end of their strength.After leaving the customs, it is not so easy to deal with Feng Jun's advantage of the terrain, waiting for work with ease, and fighting with his back to the wall.The more serious problem is that the Japanese issued a warning letter for this. As long as the North and the South fight, even if they touch the Northeast, they will find an excuse for him to invade the Northeast. I'm back.

If you can't fight, the only way is to use peace.This "harmony" is not the "unity and unification" proposed by Mr. Zhang. In the old saying, it is called "surrender", so it is not easy, but Lao Jiang has no choice but to try. He was overjoyed when he sent someone to contact the Northeast side. It turned out that the other party had the same intention. Previously, Zhang Xueliang faced three choices: first, to listen to the Japanese and accept Japan's "protection" and "cooperation"; Thirdly, change the flag and banner, and become the princes under the new court of the Kuomintang.

The first option is a no-brainer.Zhang Xueliang said in his later years that after the "Huanggutun Incident", when he learned that the death of his father was done by the Japanese, he "planted my hatred for Japan".Obviously, no matter whether it is national hatred or family hatred, he is not allowed to take this path. The second option is not sure.When my father was alive, it was extremely difficult to deal with a single Japanese. If you want to fight against the Kuomintang and Japan at the same time, let alone the young and unstable Zhang Xueliang, it is not so easy to bring Lao Zhang back to life.

Weigh the pros and cons, only choose the third. By changing the banner and using the "central government" to deal with Japan, it not only conforms to the will of the people and the general trend of the world, but also puts itself under the umbrella of the new government. What's wrong? Both Jiang and Zhang thought of going together, but if they really want to accomplish this good thing, they will face a lot of internal and external pressure, so they have to spend some effort. Get the interior first. Lao Jiang discussed within the Kuomintang and said that he was going to formally agree with Zhang Xueliang to change the banner.Unexpectedly, among the Big Four, Feng Tou and Yan Tou disagreed.

Just change the flag and change the name? !The land is still owned by others, and there is no real benefit to it. How can this work?It should continue to march and take all the three eastern provinces. The two talked for a long time, but they never left the territory. They made it clear that they were close to each other, and they were also the northern army. Lao Jiang couldn't really control even North China, and the Northeast was beyond his reach, so he was not so interested in seizing people's territory. Still, work has to be done.After holding several meetings and explaining a lot of reasons, everyone finally unified their thinking and agreed to solve the Northeast issue by changing the banner.

Compared with Lao Jiang, Zhang Xueliang's side is more difficult. The ones who have the most objections are the group of people who fought against Lao Zhang.I don't agree with it. They don't understand what a joint venture listing is. They only know that Lao Zhang and his hard-working business will be merged by others. This was built brick by brick, and it just disappeared? It's been decades of hard work, and I went back to before liberation overnight.Everyone didn't say anything, but they scolded in their hearts: You are a prodigal son! The old-school figures headed by Zhang Zuoxiang advocated that the Northeast only needs to protect the environment and the people, and "be kind to the east neighbor" (Japan). As for what happens in the pass, let's not worry about it.

However, these old men are relatively easy to fool, and they can be "checkmate" with a few words: You say it's not easy, so let me ask the Northern Expeditionary Army, who can go out and stop it? The old men looked at each other, dumbfounded. When it comes to commanding and fighting, they still have the ability when they were beards. Seeing that everyone is silent, it will be much easier to understand the reason: I think the old man was so strong back then, so he retreated outside the customs. Now that he has hit the door, if we retreat again, we can only do it in the sea. The fishermen went. Continue to fool around: The so-called flag change is actually just changing the flag, changing the original northeast flag to the Nanjing flag, redecorating the facade, and putting up a new signboard. It looks like a joint venture, but in fact the business inside is still the same. Hearing that the soup was changed but not the medicine, the old men stopped making noise and went home. What follows is not so easy to deceive.This person is Yang Yuting. The reason why Yang Yuting wanted to oppose Yi Zhi was basically because of the deep-rooted "loyalty to the emperor" thought in his mind-to defend the country for the master. This idea of ​​"loyalty to the emperor" also has its origins in Chinese history.The so-called "jun" here does not necessarily refer to the emperor or the central government, but can also refer to the local governor. Lu Simian, a great historian of the Republic of China, once pointed out that the civil servants in the county guards of the Han Dynasty respected the prefect as the king.In their eyes, the county government is the imperial court that they can rely on. The so-called "be loyal to them when they have something to do, and obey them when they die (that is, keep filial piety)" is true.This is quite similar to the era of the Japanese shogunate, when the samurai subordinates only knew that there was a shogun but not the emperor. In the Three Kingdoms period, the central government collapsed, its prestige was wiped out, and the idea of ​​being loyal to the "lord" reached its peak.Zhuge Kongming and Guan Erye kept saying that they wanted to "rejuvenate the Han Dynasty", but in fact, the last emperor of the "Han Dynasty", Han Xiandi, did not get any credit from them at all. They were loyal and loyal, and they were loyal to their lord—— Uncle Liu Huang. The most interesting thing is that no one has ever thought that these two are not "loyal" if they are not loyal to Han Xiandi but loyal to Liu Bei. When Zhang Zuolin was alive, Yang Yuting was the most trustworthy. It is said that even his personal seal was entrusted to him for safekeeping, and Yang himself was also known to be foolish and loyal.Of course, he is "loyal" to the old Zhang family and the country they conquered, not the Kuomintang or the Nanjing government. Compared with the old-school figures who only know that changing the flag is bad, but can't come up with any solutions in a daze, Yang Yuting, a representative of the "non-commissioned officer department" in the Northeast Army, has more strategic and political vision. As mentioned earlier, Yang Yuting is an all-around military and political person.Compared with Guo Songling, the titan of Fengjun, he has both similarities and differences.The same point is that both of them have a set of military command and troop training.The difference is that Guo Wei was too impulsive, and in the end he didn’t get anything done, and it didn’t count that he died miserably ("shooting, exposing the corpse for three days"), and almost got Zhang and other teachers of the "Jiangwu Department" involved pregnancy. He is also a general with the same record, but Yang Yuting is flexible and knows how to change things. This style of "talking about politics" was the most appreciated by Zhang Zuolin during his lifetime. It is said that Zhang Xun, the leader of the braided army, invited the generals of the Feng army to a meeting, and Yang Yuting and Guo Songling both went.The pre-meeting agenda was airtight, and while driving Zhang Xun talked about restoration.Yang Guo is a person who has seen the world, and it is inconceivable for them to carry out restoration with braids like bringing the dead back to life. But the performance of the two on the spot was quite different: Guo Songling immediately got up and withdrew.Yang Yuting insisted on staying, and continued to listen to Zhang's nonsense.Because he believes that listening to you is one thing, but whether I want to follow you is another matter.Save face for each other, so we can do things better in the future. Zhang Zuolin admired Yang Yuting's move, thinking that he had an overall perspective, but he only used four words to describe Xiao Guo's performance: the opinion of a scholar! In the political circles of the Northeast Army, Yang Yuting is not only a general, but also a handsome talent. Said that if the flag is not changed immediately, the Northern Expeditionary Army will attack, and everyone will have to go to the sea to become fishermen. It doesn't work for him at all. At that time, he had already seen the ruthless side of the Kuomintang: this rising "central government" actually did not have enough strength to enter the three eastern provinces. Everyone said that the Northern Expedition was unstoppable, but Yang Yuting didn't think it was that scary.The so-called Big Four of the Northern Expedition were not real brothers. Although they all claimed to be fighting for the belief in the Three People's Principles, in real life they all came here for their own interests. From Yang Yuting's point of view, the Northern Expedition looked fierce, but it was actually a team that could easily disband.When Fengjun was strong, everyone had to sell more energy. When they saw that Fengjun was dying, it was too late to grab the territory. It was impossible to go all out to fight Fengjun. Feng Jun helped (it turned out to be true). As for the Japanese, Yang Yuting is confident that they will not be difficult to deal with.Back when Zhang Zuolin was dealing with Japan, there was this super think tank behind the scenes. He Ben, the mastermind of the "Huanggutun Incident", believed that many of Zhang Zuolin's ideas came from "his brother Yang Yuting".After entering Beijing, Zhang Zuolin tried to adopt the strategy of using Britain and the United States to suppress Japan. This strategy also came from Yang Yuting at first.In the eyes of the Kwantung Army, there is nothing more hateful than these two men. Yang Yuting's thinking actually inherited Zhang Zuolin's idea of ​​"uniting and unifying": they are all unified, why do you have to let your Kuomintang family rule the world?Reunification, that doesn't mean I want to raise my hands and surrender to you, it's all civil war, victory is not enough, and defeat is not humiliating. At this time, although Yang Yuting had been dismissed from the post of General Counselor of the Fengjun, given his identity and seniority, his speech was still listened to, and some people from the old school and the new school also came out to express dissent, which caused Zhang Xueliang a headache. After the "Huanggutun Incident", the Kwantung Army went to rest, and the government had to come to wipe their ass. Knowing that the Kuomintang was in secret contact with Zhang Xueliang, Tanaka was anxious and annoyed, so he quickly sent someone to say hello. Before and after Zhang Xueliang took office, the Japanese Consul General Hayashi Kujiro visited Fengtian three times and asked Zhang Xueliang not to "cooperate with the South" or "lightly compromise with the South". The reason is that the southern government has always flaunted revolutionary diplomacy, clamoring to unilaterally abolish the treaties signed with other countries (of course unequal), and to use force to take back the concessions. It has had unpleasant troubles with Britain and the United States. You said it was just a formal "confluence"?That's not OK.It will lead to the "southernization" of the "organization and content" of the three northeastern provinces. Japan has also signed a treaty and has a concession. It must be unlucky. Final conclusion: If you cooperate with them, you are fighting against us. It turned out that Zhang Xueliang had already negotiated with the representatives sent by Chiang Kai-shek to carry out the change of banner in the Northeast under the conditions that the Northern Expeditionary Army was not allowed to enter the Northeast and that Rehe was placed under its own jurisdiction. When Lin Jiu spoke like this, Zhang Xueliang had to be worried, and since the internal situation had not yet been completely settled, the matter of changing flags had to be postponed. After all, procrastination like this is not the answer. In order to get out of the predicament, Lao Jiang and Zhang Xueliang sang the oboe in a tacit understanding. Zhang Xueliang first revealed the threat to Chiang Kai-shek, who then met with the Nanjing government's envoy in Japan to protest the Fengtian Consulate's interference in China's internal affairs: We are just hanging a flag, what is the matter with you. Tanaka didn't expect the Nanjing government to do this, so he quickly distinguished that Lin Jiu was just talking to Zhang Xueliang in private and giving a few words of advice, not interfering in China's internal affairs. This immediately blocked Lin Jiu's mouth—look, I'm under a lot of pressure, the southern government even protested.If you have the ability, your Ministry of Foreign Affairs should wrestle with the southern government. Don't scare me all day long. Then, Lao Jiang gave an order and announced the launch of an attack on Rehe.The Northern Expeditionary Army had no worries about attacking Rehe, because Japan can only focus on the Northeast at the moment, and Yu Rehe can't intervene for a while. Zhang Xueliang took the opportunity to show to the internal opponents: Look, I said, change the banner early, change the flag early, what a great Rehe, it seems that we will not have our share. He also sent a telegram after him, saying that I am in a difficult situation right now, Yizhi is not good, and Yizhi is not good, like a mouse in a bellows, both ends suffer ("Brother is in a dilemma now, Yizhi has no way to deal with my brother, and no way to deal with the whole world ; Changing flags will lead to disasters and chaos, and there is no way to deal with the elders of the three provinces"). Everyone is still hesitating, but this guy is already hanging up his boots: I really can't help it, I'd better resign. Without waiting for everyone to dissuade them, Lao Jiang's "comfort telegram" came quickly: I will not fight Rehe, and I have something to discuss. After such a toss, the opinions supporting Yi Zhi began to gain the upper hand.Well, I have no idea, so let's look through the old almanac and set a good date: early August. Seeing that something was wrong, Tanaka hurriedly sent another person to the Northeast to be a "grandmother wolf". In view of the fact that the Fengtian Consulate has been protested by name and surname, and also in order to increase the scariness index, this time Tanaka sent the Kanto Bureau Chief Lin Quansuke. After Lin Quanzhu arrived in Fengtian, he held secret talks with Zhang Xueliang four times, and explicitly asked the Northeast authorities to adopt a wait-and-see attitude and not to "join hands" with the Nanjing Nationalist Government. If I don't listen, will I have to change the banner? Sorry, we're going to take "freedom action". In these few conversations, Lin Quanzhu even used phrases such as "Even if he is suspected of interfering in China's internal affairs, he will not avoid it", and his tone and attitude have never been more vicious than ever, which made Zhang Xueliang very embarrassed. I have to tell the other party: I am the same age as your emperor, do you know... Hey, I am also the highest military and political leader in Northeast China, can I be more polite or tactful? After Zhang Xueliang returned home, he was still terribly angry, saying that the Japanese are really deceiving people too much, I must change the banner, and I will, even if I die under the banner of the blue sky and white sun in the future, it doesn't matter. That's what he said, but he couldn't really take Lin Quanzhu's threat seriously.The Kwantung Office and the Kwantung Army Headquarters, one government and one army, originally belonged to the Kwantung Army system. Lin Quanzhu almost made the Kwantung Army jump out and shout: We want to "act freely"! Yi Zhi had no choice but to drag it down again. If it drags on, the beard will probably be grayed out, so Lao Jiang decided to find foreign aid. After the "Jinan Massacre", Lao Jiang, in addition to replacing Huang Yu with Wang Zhengting with a European and American background, also appointed Wu Chaoshu, who was traveling in the United States, as the special envoy of the Nationalist Government to deal with Lao America. Who is Wu Chaoshu? He is the son of Wu Tingfang, a diplomat in the early Republic of China. Back then, because of protecting the rights and interests of Chinese laborers, Mr. Wu dared to devise plans to frighten the Mexicans, and scolded American congressmen as "inhuman", but he was still regarded by the other party as the first-class figure in China and a giant in China's diplomatic circles. Even Li Hongzhang was against it. He takes it seriously.When it comes to his son, he is no less.Sun Yat-sen said before his death that there are three and a half proficient in English in China, and one of them is Wu Chaoshu. Through Wu Chaoshu's activities in the United States, Sino-US relations began to warm up. Because the United States could not see the situation in China clearly, it has been afraid to place bets. It simply adopted a neutral policy on the North-South dispute, and no one would help. , so the two sides are getting closer. With the issue of changing the flag at an impasse, Lao Jiang decided to find a breakthrough from the United States. After his instruction, Wu Chaoshu proposed to US Secretary of State Kellogg that he hoped that the two sides could negotiate a new tariff treaty. Kellogg immediately sent a telegram to American Minister Ma Murray, asking him to sign a new contract with China as soon as possible, and the time limit was very tight, not a few weeks, but a few days. Ma Murui felt that Kellogg must have drunk too much and was talking nonsense. It is not the first time that China and the United States have conducted revised negotiations. Before this, the United States had talked with the Beiyang government for many years, but they could not reach a conclusion. The reason was that they could not get the most-favored-nation status.In the eyes of Ambassador Ma, those people in the south are all true "revolutionaries". Not long ago, they were singing songs to overthrow the foreign powers. Even if the other party's attitude changes now, negotiation is a technical task after all, and the timing must be chosen. , did not say to let people finish within a time limit. But Kellogg seemed impatient to sign the contract, and kept urging him, which made Ma Murui very depressed until the Minister of Finance, Song Ziwen, arrived in Beijing. Song Ziwen didn't come to visit the Forbidden City, he came to sign a contract, and promised to give the United States most-favored-nation treatment on the condition that China's tariff autonomy be restored.Ma Murui was overjoyed, the two of them worked overtime, and they really got the negotiation over in a few days. On July 24, the 17th year of the Republic of China (1928), China and the United States signed a new tariff treaty in Beiping, and the United States recognized China's tariff autonomy. By the end of 1928, 12 countries had recognized China's tariff independence. What does it mean? The Nanjing government gained international reputation and status, and at the same time it was a clear check on Japan: Be careful, don't go too far in Manchuria. Tanaka was dumbfounded. The idea that the Japanese dislike the poor and love the rich is deeply rooted. They can be ashamed in Asia, but they are even more inferior than the Chinese in front of Western devils. Now, the United States is taking the lead, and everyone has expressed that the Japanese can make sense even if they don't understand it. So the Tanaka cabinet began to adopt the so-called pragmatism, that is, on the condition that the "rights and interests of Manchuria and Mongolia" could be preserved, it could acquiesce in changing the banner of the Northeast ("As long as Japan maintains its vested rights in Manchuria and Mongolia, it will not object to the Northeast flag change"). Everything is OK. On December 29, the seventeenth year of the Republic of China (1928), Zhang Xueliang put on a Chinese tunic suit, and swore his oath to his old man in Zhongshan. Changed jobs. The complete failure of China's foreign policy directly led to the early collapse of the Tanaka cabinet in the second year.To some extent, this cabinet was really dragged down by the trouble-loving Kwantung Army. The temper of the Japanese must be settled after the fall after failure. Muraoka, Hemoto and others who planned the "Huanggutun Incident" were "dug out" again at this time, and they were all punished by being transferred to the reserve service or directly suspended.The crime was very funny, saying that they failed to protect the "safety of Zhang Zuolin's private car" - no matter how responsible they were, Lao Zhang probably would not even find his bones. Among them, Muraoka suffered the most.In Japanese history, all those who served as commanders of the Kwantung Army, regardless of their ability, were promoted to three-star generals because of their long-term stay abroad, no credit or hard work. Only Muraoka was never promoted again. , He was a two-star lieutenant general until his death. The Kwantung Army also sighed.Changing flags in the Northeast was the worst outcome they could have imagined after Heben planned the "Huanggutun Incident".It took so much effort, but in exchange for the "blue sky, white sun and red ground" in the Northeast, if I knew this, I might as well quit. As far as the whole of China and the Chinese nation are concerned, changing flags in the Northeast is one of the most beautiful things Zhang Xueliang has done in his life.Since then, this ancient country, which has been mired in divisions and civil wars, has achieved basic unity, at least in form. The last vestiges of the Beiyang government are gradually disappearing with the fall of the five-color flag, and the Fengjun, the private guard of the warlord who once dominated the world, has become a local army of the Nationalist government. We should call it the Northeast Army from now on. Public opinion across the country cheered, including the "Ta Kung Pao", who believed that Zhang Xueliang's contribution to the national reunification was indisputable ("Zhang's achievements in opposing civil wars and promoting reunification over the years, there will eventually be someone who cannot be overwhelmed"). The Northeast has changed its banner, but Lao Yang is in danger. On the issue of whether to change the flag, Yang Yuting's attitude has always been negative. When things were settled and he knew that the general trend was inevitable and he couldn't stop it, he simply called for non-violent non-cooperation.At the ceremony announcing the change of flag, everyone refused to take a group photo and left angrily.At that time, there were a lot of reporters present, and leader Zhang was always known for his good face, so it was embarrassing to be humiliated by his subordinates in public. At that time, there were many old courtiers who publicly stood up to express their opposition to the "Northeast Change of Banner", but Zhang Xueliang was so "deeply impressed" by Yang Yuting.When the Tiger Hall incident happened, one of Yang Yuting's crimes was "undermining unity and obstructing the New Deal". Fate had already turned on a red light, but Yang Yuting didn't know it. During the Three Kingdoms period, Tian Feng, a famous counselor, was imprisoned by Yuan Shao for dissuading his lord Yuan Shao from attacking Cao Cao.Soon Yuan Jun was defeated miserably.When the news came, the cell boss of the prison thought that Mr. Tian would definitely be rehabilitated this time, so he quickly congratulated him. Tian Feng was uncharacteristically, and said something that surprised the cell boss: "If the troops in front win the battle, I still have a chance to survive. Now if I lose the battle, there is only one end." Before he finished speaking, the envoy responsible for urging Mr. Tian arrived. Mr. Yang's situation is just the opposite. If the change of flag fails, his fate may be better. Now that the change of flag is successful, Yama will have to wave to him frequently. The current Yang Yuting is no longer the chief of staff of the armed forces. He only has one position: the supervisor of the arsenal in the three eastern provinces, and he is in charge of the arsenal. Yang Yuting's idleness is not only the result of factional struggles, but also to a certain extent reflects Zhang Xueliang's suspicion and fear that one mountain cannot tolerate two tigers. After Guo Songling was killed, only Yang Yuting was left in the Northeast Army who was truly capable.In fact, at that time, there were indeed opinions among the Japanese that Yang Yuting should be promoted to the stage, but they were only concerned that this person was too powerful and might be difficult to control. When talking with Zhang Xueliang, Lin Quanzhu mentioned a Japanese historical allusion of "Battle of Sekigahara" in order to exert pressure.In this story, the Toyotomi family and the Tokugawa family are two deadly rivals. The head of the Toyotomi family is not the Toyotomi Hideyoshi who fought against the Ming Dynasty, but his youngest son.In the end, the children couldn't play with the old man Tokugawa Ieyasu after all, and he was designed by the latter to get rid of him.The meaning was there at the time, you Zhang Xueliang is a child, and Yang Yuting is naturally Ieyasu Tokugawa. Be careful, one day we can lift Tokugawa up and kill you too. These words sounded so penetrating, how could someone like Yang hold power again. But Yang Yuting himself had never heard of this story, maybe he just laughed it off after hearing it.What he cares about is how to maintain the Zhang family. At the beginning, he thought that Zhang Xueliang's "children's shoulders" were too difficult to take on the important task. When the scepter was handed over to the young commander, although he was clearly ignored, he still showed the appearance of a veteran minister, insisting on helping the prince to the horse, and then sent him to the palace. a ride. Zhang Xueliang thought he was nagging, and had intended to send him abroad for inspection, but he didn't agree, maybe he was counting on the young marshal to give him the important post of General Councilor again. It would be foolish enough to say that this person is "foolish and loyal". In fact, many people around thought so at the time, but due to the reputation accumulated by Yang Yuting in the ruling and opposition parties for many years, he was actually still in a prominent position, so everyone secretly recognized that he was a blue chip stock with great potential. to be reused. Usually, whoever has an opinion on the leader dare not raise it publicly in person. The only way is to go to this old revolutionary to complain, because everyone knows that Lao Yang can speak, dare to speak, and is the most qualified to speak. One of the biggest opinions of the Minister of Civil and Military Affairs on the young master is that it happens that he cannot be found from time to time. The paparazzi in the Republic of China were actually very active, and there were a lot of gossip news.It is said that some people with good deeds also made a list of beautiful men (which is comparable to the current super men), and grandly launched the four heavenly kings. The man of the year, Lao Wang (Wang Jingwei), Duke Zhou (later Prime Minister of the Republic), and Mei Lanfang all Impressively on the list, the fourth place is Xiao Zhang (Zhang Xueliang).Let me add a sentence here, I thought that Lao Jiang was also very stylish when he was young, but for some reason he was not able to squeeze into the top four and was dropped by PK. Like the Young Marshal, if he wants status and talent, he must have talent. If he doesn't provoke others, others will chase him wildly. Therefore, it is inevitable that sometimes he will be distracted and out of tune, unable to hold meetings or go to court. The parents of Mr. Zheng Langping, a well-known overseas scholar, once served in the Northeast Army, so they know the inside story of its high-level officials.He commented on this that because the young marshal was ambitious at a young age (Northeast Yizhi was under 30 years old), some stories between men and women were indeed indispensable in his life, but judging from the environment of the Republic of China at that time, his behavior was not particularly outrageous.Before the "September 18th" incident, these incidents were only reported in the tabloids, which belonged to the lace of celebrity gossip. But Zheng Langping also had to admit that what really affected Zhang Xueliang's handling of government affairs and even the subsequent emergency was his physical problems - at this time the young marshal had already become addicted to drugs, and it was getting worse. Speaking of which, the Northeast generals at that time, including Zhang Zuolin himself, were more or less involved with things like opium.When Zhang Dashuai was alive, when he was happy, he sometimes liked to smoke a big cigarette to refresh himself, but after all he had experienced strong winds and waves, he knew how to control the size, although he smoked, he never delayed his work. As an old courtier who followed Zhang Zuolin, Yang Yuting will inevitably use the old standards to demand the newcomers. A sentence he often says is: when the old man was there, he was diligent and dignified... (Anyone can hear the meaning ). That's all for talking about, Lao Yang became anxious, and sometimes he could even disregard the leader's face in public. Once, a director had no choice but to find Yang Yuting because he couldn't meet the young marshal for several days and couldn't approve the official documents, so he explained the situation so and so.Impulsively, Lao Yang took the director directly to his house. Seeing the guard at the door, he didn't beat around the bush: Has the commander gotten up yet? The guards had already learned how powerful Lao Yang was, and knew that he was extremely difficult to provoke. Even the young marshal was usually afraid of him, so he had to answer truthfully: "I haven't woken up yet." The sun is three poles and you are still sleeping. You think you are in kindergarten.Lao Yang was furious when he heard this, pushed away the guards and rushed in, heading towards Commander Zhang's bedroom and killing him. The guards were caught off guard and couldn't stop them, so they had to shout and persuade.Yang Yuting was in a fit of anger, and he didn't care about etiquette, so he knocked on the door: I'm Yang Linge (Linge is Yang Yuting's nickname, imitating Zhuge), get up quickly, I have business to deal with. The young marshal here ran to open the door for Lao Yang with his clothes on. As soon as he sat down, he rebuked Convenience unceremoniously: The directors of the department have official business waiting for your ruling, but you haven't shown up for several days, how can this happen.It's not like this when the old man is here! Here comes the old handsome old handsome again, don't you think it's exciting enough?The young marshal immediately lost his temper: I quit, you do it! When the lord told his subordinates that he wanted to put down the pick, those words were full of murderous intentions. As a political veteran, Yang Yuting couldn't tell, but he wasn't afraid. He just thinks it's funny, he's just talking with one mouth now, barefoot is not afraid of wearing shoes, little guy, it's too early for you to learn to be scary. Yang Yuting said this to the blushing and thick-necked leader in front of him: don’t mention this (it doesn’t work for me), if you are really in poor health and encounter something, I can help you out. It's better than anything to come up with an idea. Mr. Yang, this is wrong, really wrong. We must remember that if you want to help the leader arrange everything (against the leader's wishes), the leader will definitely try to help you "expand" everything in advance. Those who are optimistic about Yang Yuting guessed rightly: it is difficult to start a business, and it is even more difficult to maintain a business. Once the political situation in the Northeast requires it, it is impossible for a minister like Yang Yuting and a pillar of the country to be useless. However, the "change of flag" has been achieved.After various setbacks and confrontations, the young marshal finally rushed out and succeeded.To a certain extent, this is also a recognition of his ability, but this kind of recognition is very dangerous for Yang Yuting, who is good at being a teacher. One week after the Flag Changing Ceremony (that is, the ceremony that Lao Yang didn't give face to), Zhang Xueliang, as the head of the Northeast Frontier Office, went to Yang's residence to celebrate his father's birthday. There, he saw an unforgettable thing. All the civil and military officials from the Northeast came, and when Commander Zhang arrived, everyone was gambling around the table (it was purely festive entertainment, not within the scope of investigation). Hearing that the commander-in-chief had arrived, although the excitement of gambling was high, most people still stood up quickly to show their respect.This posture is equivalent to sitting half up, because you have to be ready to sit down and continue gambling at all times.Although some people have respectful faces, their eyes are still painted with gamblers, lest someone who is not on the road will take this opportunity to play tricks or something. At this time, it is naturally the best time to show the leadership's close-to-the-people style.Commander Zhang patted the shoulders of his subordinates affectionately, indicating that the game could continue.In case of an amnesty, everyone happily continued to invest in the game. Just when the young marshal felt good about himself, the master of ceremonies in the hall shouted: The supervisor has come down! ——that is, Yang Yuting himself came down, and he was the supervisor of the arsenal in the three eastern provinces. The scene that surprised Commander Zhang appeared: all the officials who gambled around the table stood up in unison, standing in awe (please note, they are not half-up and half-sitting), many of them are even high-ranking government officials, and their official ranks are far beyond Yang's. Supervise duties! It was not until Yang Yuting smiled and shook hands with everyone one by one that everyone took their seats. shocked. I'm talking about Commander Zhang. After saying a few clichés, he left in a hurry. The supervisor of a small arsenal is even more popular than the commander-in-chief.Who do they listen to?Who owns the Northeast? Remove his supervision? ! is that useful?useless.Anyone with a bit of a brain can see that everyone is not in awe of him because of his supervisory position.In other words, the horror and hatefulness of this person is beyond the capacity of that small job. I can't stand it anymore.All the past and past events rushed up, and they were uniformly labeled, with a total of eight words on it: "The treacherous nature is successful, and it gets worse day by day." Traitor, how can such a person not get rid of.The murderous intent gathered in his heart at this moment. But killing a person is not the same as killing a chicken, let alone such an important person. What to do in case the leak fails, what to do in case a riot is caused, thinking about the birthday celebration scene in Yang's house, Commander Zhang himself became nervous. In desperation, he made a decision to learn from his dead father: bet! Yang Yuting, whether you live or die depends on your own destiny. He took out a silver dollar and tossed it in the air, thinking to himself: If the silver dollar lands on the front, it will be seized at most (you can't let it go anyway), if it lands on the back, it will be a dead end. Tossed twice in a row, both landed on their backs! Mrs. Zhang is also by her side to accompany him in this kind of feudal superstition activities.At this time, remind him that maybe the back of the silver dollar is heavier, which affects the falling trajectory. Commander Zhang felt that it made sense, so he reversed the order of meditation: execution from the front and detention from the back. Toss three times in a row, all heads! In this way, the issue of a person's life and death is determined by others in an extremely absurd way. Throughout his life, Zhang Xueliang has never regretted the decision he made. If I were still the commander of the local army at that time, even if there was a contradiction between the "martial arts department" and the "non-commissioned officer department", even if Mr. Guo, who was both a teacher and a friend, died because of an order issued by you, I would never take this pain. killer.But it's different now. Because I am now the number one person in Northeast China, this cannot be questioned or challenged. Black and White Impermanence has come out to arrest people, but Yang Yuting, who is kept in the dark, doesn't know it, and is still planning to "make trouble" for his young master. 对待那个“一衣带水”的东瀛岛国，杨宇霆的办法向来都是长袖善舞，软硬兼施。 不得不佩服日本人钻牛角尖的劲头。张作霖都被炸死了，他们还想着“满蒙新五路”那件事。这不，满铁又派出一个人——当年逼张作霖签“阅”的两个日本顾问之一町野武马前去拜会杨宇霆，当着面问他有没有这回事，五条铁路到底还建不建。 杨宇霆马上说，有啊有啊，当然有这事，而且铁路也一定得建。 他当然很清楚，因为他也是这件事的当事人和见证人。 但是清楚归清楚，路反正我不想建，激怒你们的傻事我也不干。老杨的策略说起来简单，就是一个字：拖。两个字：扯皮。 交道打到现在，日本人见了老张老杨这主仆二人都怕了，知道这都是两撒谎不过脑子的家伙，町野怕杨宇霆这回又在玩忽悠，赶紧提出要求：请您好好给少帅说说。 那意思就是你说了还不算，得最高领导认可。 说完了又担心老杨不敢跟老大提，又补充一句：您这样跟少帅说没关系吧？ 杨宇霆皮笑肉不笑地哼哼了两声，随口答道：没关系没关系，我一定会提出这个建议的。 一转屁股，老杨就喝茶去了：得了您呗，跟我玩，你小子还嫩点。 当然没去跟张学良提什么让日本人修筑五条铁路的建议。 过了几天，町野信心满满地来找张少帅了，唾沫横飞地说了一大通，结果被小张一个“现在全国统一，此问题已移交南京政府交通部管理”给推掉了。 既然归附了南京政府，打太极就更方便了。 但通过这件事，张学良对杨宇霆又生出了新的看法。因为满铁口口声声说老杨支持“满蒙新五路”方案，而自己却从来没有听他说起过。 莫非想勾结日本人架空我？如此看来，真是死有余辜。 町野被这么来回一扯皮一忽悠，虽然跑得气喘吁吁，却还是两手空空。说要再不生气不着急，那就变成石头人了。 他又找到杨宇霆，声称要把当年张作霖答应签“满蒙新五路”密约的证据公布出来，丢丢中国人的脸。 让你们耍赖皮。 杨宇霆知道，得另想别的招了。他把过去的老部下常荫槐叫来，一起商议对策。 这常荫槐也是个让日本人头疼的狠角色。 此人在张作霖时代一直主管东北铁路，易帜后新近才被国民政府任命为黑龙江省省长。杨宇霆担任总参议时，他经常到总部来办事，跟杨在许多观点上都非常接近。 这里还得补充一点关于东北铁路的历史。 甲午战争后，输得一干二净的李鸿章痛定思痛，捉摸单挑干不过日本人，便祭起以夷制夷的法宝，千方百计想把俄国拉进来。 老毛子来个正好。你就是不让我来我还想来呢，现在你请我，实在是件巴不得的好事。 它把太平洋舰队开进旅顺和大连，并通过李鸿章签订了租地条约，然后就开始修建这条横跨东北全境的著名铁路——中东铁路。 按照当初的约定，这条路通车36年后，中国只要给钱，就让你收回去。可要是没钱，对不起，那就等好多年后再说吧。 好多年是多少年？ 80年！ 中东铁路一成，日本很自然地就感受到了威胁：这不等于把欺负中国人变成你老毛子的专利了吗，那怎么成？ ! 一句话不合，一东一西两个狗强盗就这样打了起来。 日俄战争打完，俄国人输了。按照谈判结果，把长春以南的路段，即南满铁路转让给了日本人，而长春以北的路段则继续被俄国控制。 由于自身没有足够实力作为后盾，本想以夷制夷，反而变成了前门豺未走，后门又来狼，“北夷”、“东夷”一齐登堂入室，后者更成吾国今后四十年之难除大患。 这就是所谓的“满清修补匠”李鸿章的修补工艺，要我看，实在也不咋的。 十月革命后，立足未稳的苏联政府曾表示，愿将包括中东铁路在内的一切在华特权无条件归还中国。 当时的中国北洋政府一愣神，没想到列强中还有思想境界这么高的。可也就这么一愣神的工夫，到了斯大林上台，苏联在稳定政权后，又死不认帐了。 在中国的力争下，双方总算达成了一个共管协议，即在中国未赎回中东铁路之前，铁路业务由两国共管。但在实际执行过程中，苏方并未认真履行这一协议，中东铁路还是没咱中国人什么事。 现在日本人正好吵着要新建满蒙铁路，两人就想了一招，借机成立东北铁路督办公署，把东三省的铁路都集中管理起来（当然包括中东铁路），一方面可以继续跟日本扯皮，另一方面借此削弱苏方对铁路的管理权，真正落实共管协议。 两人还商定，由搞铁路出身的常荫槐担任公署署长。 成立这么重要的机构，当然需要东北的最高首长同意并批准（严格的话还要过一下中央政府的手续关），二人谈得高兴，兴致勃勃地就来找张学良商谈有关事宜。 当晚，在张氏府邸便发生了“老虎厅”事件。所谓老虎厅，实际上是张府的一个会客厅，杨宇霆、常荫槐就在那里被张学良手下的卫兵当场处决，血染厅堂。 在得知要处决他们时，二人“顿时木然，一句话也说不出”——当然说不出，因为他们对此毫无任何心理准备。 第二天，包括张作相等人在内的东北要员都被招进张府，说明事件经过。众人闻言，皆“惊愕万状，面面相觑，哑然无声”。 “老虎厅”事件虽然纯属内部权争，然而于东北军而言，实在不能不说是一幕悲剧。不管杨宇霆曾有过什么样的毛病，但此人在东北军政大计上确实有宏阔远见，也是当时东北唯一能挽狂澜于既倒的大才。他被处决后，很多人都认为是东北军自毁长城之举。有人甚至找出论据，证明是痛恨他的日本人从中使用了反间计。 对于他本人来说，却只能用谋士田丰临刑前的一声长叹来形容：“大丈夫生于天地间，不识其主而事之，是无智也！今日受死，夫何足惜！” 至于常荫槐，则实在是受杨宇霆连累，他本来是可以定定心心做他的省部级高干的。 “老虎厅”事件发生时，离“东北易帜”仅仅两周不到。 传闻，出事前，有人曾给杨宇霆卜了一卦，卦语云：杂乱无章，扬长而去。杨不解，此人谓天机不可泄露，只透露此卦语不祥，要他多加小心。未几，果死于非命。民间遂盛传：“炸烂吴（俊生）张（作霖），杨（宇霆）常（荫槐）而去。”言鸟尽弓藏之意也。 在东北军历史上，除郭松龄系起兵反叛被杀外，“老虎厅”事件可以说是首开诛杀功臣之先例，自此满朝文武人人自危，大家都希图自保。在这种情况下，内部派系斗争不仅未得缓解，反而逾演逾烈，为日后东北军的最终瓦解埋下了伏笔。